ETFC-2015.06.30-10Q
Table of Contents    

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________
(Mark One)
x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015
or
¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             .

Commission File Number 1-11921
 ____________________________
E*TRADE Financial Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
____________________________
Delaware
 
94-2844166
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
1271 Avenue of the Americas, 14th Floor, New York, New York 10020
(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(646) 521-4300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 ____________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer   x
Accelerated filer
 
¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
As of July 31, 2015, there were 290,306,550 shares of common stock outstanding.


Table of Contents    

E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 
Unless otherwise indicated, references to "the Company," "we," "us," "our" and "E*TRADE" mean E*TRADE Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries.

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E*TRADE, E*TRADE Financial, E*TRADE Bank, Equity Edge, OptionsLink and the Converging Arrows logo are registered trademarks of E*TRADE Financial Corporation in the United States and in other countries.

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PART I
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations and intentions based on certain assumptions and include any statement that is not historical in nature. These statements may be identified by the use of words such as "assume," "expect," "believe," "may," "will," "should," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "continue" and similar expressions. We caution that actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could contribute to our actual results differing materially from any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Form 10-Q; and Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the SEC, which are incorporated herein by reference. By their nature forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict or quantify. Actual future results may vary materially from expectations expressed or implied in this report or any of our prior communications. The forward-looking statements contained in this report reflect our expectations only as of the date of this report. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, as we do not undertake to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made, except as required by law.
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document and with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
In analyzing and discussing our business, we utilize certain metrics, ratios and other terms that are defined in the Glossary of Terms, which is located at the end of this item.
OVERVIEW
Strategy
Our business strategy is centered on two core objectives: accelerating the growth of our core brokerage business to improve market share, and strengthening our overall financial and franchise position.
Accelerate Growth of Core Brokerage Business
Capitalize on secular growth within the direct brokerage industry.
The direct brokerage industry is growing at a faster rate than the traditional brokerage industry. We are focused on capitalizing on this growth through ensuring our customers' trading and investing needs are met through our direct relationships.
Enhance digital and offline customer experience.
We are focused on maintaining our competitive position in trading, margin lending and cash management, while expanding our customer share of wallet in retirement, investing and savings. Through these offerings, we aim to continue acquiring new customers while also deepening the engagement of both new and existing customers.
Capitalize on value of corporate services business.
Our corporate services business is a strategically important driver of brokerage account growth for us. We are leveraging our industry-leading position to improve client acquisition, and are bolstering awareness among plan participants of our full suite of offerings.
Maximize value of customer deposits while improving balance sheet efficiency.
Our brokerage business generates a significant amount of stable, low-cost deposits, which we monetize through E*TRADE Bank by investing primarily in low-risk, agency mortgage-backed securities.

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Strengthen Overall Financial and Franchise Position
Manage down legacy investments and mitigate credit losses.
We continue to manage down the size and risks associated with our legacy loan portfolio, while mitigating credit losses where possible.
Continue to execute on our capital plan.
Our capital plan was laid out in 2012 with a key goal of distributing capital from E*TRADE Bank to the parent company, with the key objective of reducing corporate debt. We are now focused on utilizing excess capital created through earnings and achieving lower capital requirements at E*TRADE Bank, while continuing to demonstrate sustainability of our enterprise risk management culture and capabilities.
Key Factors Affecting Financial Performance
Our financial performance is affected by a number of factors outside of our control, including:
customer demand for financial products and services;
weakness or strength of the residential real estate and credit markets;
performance, volume and volatility of the equity and capital markets;
customer perception of the financial strength of our franchise;
market demand and liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage loans and securities;
market demand and liquidity in the wholesale borrowings market, including securities sold under agreements to repurchase;
the level and volatility of interest rates;
our ability to move capital to our parent company from our subsidiaries subject to various regulatory approvals; and
changes to the rules and regulations governing the financial services industry.
In addition to the items noted above, our success in the future will depend upon, among other things, our ability to:
have continued success in the acquisition, growth and retention of brokerage customers;
generate meaningful growth in our retirement, investing and savings customer products;
continue to demonstrate the sustainability of our enterprise risk management culture and capabilities;
mitigate credit costs;
manage to a lower Tier 1 leverage ratio at E*TRADE Bank, as stated in our capital plan;
generate capital sufficient to meet our operating needs at both E*TRADE Bank and our parent company;
evaluate and utilize excess capital to maximize shareholder value;
assess and manage interest rate risk;
maintain disciplined expense control and improved operational efficiency; and
compete in a technology-intensive industry characterized by rapid innovation.

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Management monitors a number of metrics in evaluating the Company’s performance. The most significant of these are shown in the table and discussed in the text below: 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Variance
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015 vs. 2014
Customer Activity Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Daily average revenue trades ("DARTs")
149,448

 
155,194

 
(4
)%
 
159,534

 
176,224

 
(9
)%
Average commission per trade
$
10.96

 
$
10.72

 
2
 %
 
$
10.95

 
$
10.68

 
3
 %
Margin receivables (dollars in billions)
$
8.1

 
$
7.3

 
11
 %
 
$
8.1

 
$
7.3

 
11
 %
End of period brokerage accounts(1)
3,201,326

 
3,102,966

 
3
 %
 
3,201,326

 
3,102,966

 
3
 %
Net new brokerage accounts(1)
18,687

 
33,005

 
(43
)%
 
57,403

 
104,907

 
(45
)%
Annualized brokerage account attrition rate(1)
9.6
%
 
8.6
%
 
*
 
9.2
%
 
8.0
%
 
*
Customer assets (dollars in billions)
$
302.4

 
$
280.9

 
8
 %
 
$
302.4

 
$
280.9

 
8
 %
Net new brokerage assets (dollars in billions)
$
0.9

 
$
1.0

 
(10
)%
 
$
4.4

 
$
5.1

 
(14
)%
Brokerage related cash (dollars in billions)
$
42.0

 
$
40.0

 
5
 %
 
$
42.0

 
$
40.0

 
5
 %
Company Financial Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate cash (dollars in millions)
$
406

 
$
570

 
(29
)%
 
$
406

 
$
570

 
(29
)%
E*TRADE Financial Tier 1 leverage ratio(2)
8.5
%
 
7.5
%
 
1.0
 %
 
8.5
%
 
7.5
%
 
1.0
 %
E*TRADE Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio(2)(3)
9.8
%
 
10.2
%
 
(0.4
)%
 
9.8
%
 
10.2
%
 
(0.4
)%
Special mention loan delinquencies (dollars in millions)
$
143

 
$
155

 
(8
)%
 
$
143

 
$
155

 
(8
)%
Allowance for loan losses (dollars in millions)
$
402

 
$
401

 
 %
 
$
402

 
$
401

 
 %
Enterprise net interest spread
2.50
%
 
2.55
%
 
(0.05
)%
 
2.56
%
 
2.51
%
 
0.05
 %
Enterprise interest-earning assets (average dollars in billions)
$
42.3

 
$
41.4

 
2
 %
 
$
41.7

 
$
41.8

 
*
*
Percentage not meaningful. 
(1)
End of period brokerage accounts, net new brokerage accounts and annualized brokerage account attrition rate include the closure of 3,484 accounts related to the escheatment of unclaimed property and 3,325 accounts related to the shutdown of the Company’s global trading platform.
(2)
Beginning in the first quarter of 2015, E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank calculate regulatory capital under the Basel III framework using the Standardized Approach, subject to transition provisions. Prior to the first quarter of 2015, the risk-based capital guidelines that applied to E*TRADE Bank were based upon the 1988 capital accords of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ("BCBS"), a committee of central banks and bank supervisors, as implemented by the U.S. Federal banking agencies, including the OCC, commonly known as Basel I. As a savings and loan holding company, E*TRADE Financial was not previously subject to specific statutory capital requirements. Therefore, E*TRADE Financial's Tier 1 leverage ratio as of June 30, 2014 was a non-GAAP measure and was calculated based on the Federal Reserve’s well-capitalized requirements then applicable to bank holding companies. See Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to the comparable GAAP measure.
(3)
E*TRADE Clearing LLC ("E*TRADE Clearing") was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015. Excluding E*TRADE Clearing as of June 30, 2015, E*TRADE Bank's Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.3%.
Customer Activity Metrics
DARTs are the predominant driver of commissions revenue from our customers.
Average commission per trade is an indicator of changes in our customer mix, product mix and/or product pricing.

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Margin receivables represent credit extended to customers to finance their purchases of securities by borrowing against securities they own and are a key driver of net operating interest income.
End of period brokerage accounts, net new brokerage accounts and brokerage account attrition rate are indicators of our ability to attract and retain brokerage customers. The brokerage account attrition rate is calculated by dividing attriting brokerage accounts, which are gross new brokerage accounts less net new brokerage accounts, by total brokerage accounts at the previous period end. This rate is presented on an annualized basis.
Changes in customer assets are an indicator of the value of our relationship with the customer. An increase in customer assets generally indicates that the use of our products and services by existing and new customers is expanding. Changes in this metric are also driven by changes in the valuations of our customers’ underlying securities.
Net new brokerage assets are total inflows to all new and existing brokerage accounts less total outflows from all closed and existing brokerage accounts and are a general indicator of the use of our products and services by new and existing brokerage customers.
Brokerage related cash is an indicator of the level of engagement with our brokerage customers and is a key driver of net operating interest income as well as fees earned on customer assets held by third parties outside the Company.
Company Financial Metrics
Corporate cash is an indicator of the liquidity at the parent company. It is the primary source of capital above and beyond the capital deployed in our regulated subsidiaries. See Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to the comparable GAAP measure.
Tier 1 leverage ratio is an indication of capital adequacy for E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank. Tier 1 leverage ratio is Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average total assets for leverage capital purposes. Beginning in the first quarter of 2015, E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank calculate regulatory capital under the Basel III framework using the Standardized Approach, subject to transition provisions. Prior to Basel III becoming effective, E*TRADE Financial capital ratios were non-GAAP measures as the parent company was not yet held to regulatory capital requirements. See Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information, including the calculation of regulatory capital ratios and a reconciliation of previously non-GAAP capital ratios to the comparable GAAP measures.
Special mention loan delinquencies are loans 30-89 days past due and are an indicator of the expected trend for charge-offs in future periods as these loans have a greater propensity to migrate into nonaccrual status and ultimately be charged-off.
Allowance for loan losses is an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date, as well as the forecasted losses, including economic concessions to borrowers, over the estimated remaining life of loans modified as troubled debt restructurings ("TDR").
Enterprise interest-earning assets, in conjunction with our enterprise net interest spread, are indicators of our ability to generate net operating interest income.
Significant Events in the Second Quarter of 2015
Generated a $220 Million Income Tax Benefit from Settlement of Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") Examination
In May 2015, we settled the IRS examination of our 2007, 2009 and 2010 federal tax returns. The settlement resulted in the recognition of a $220 million income tax benefit in the second quarter of 2015. The settlement also resulted in an increase in our deferred tax assets.
Completed Second Official Stress Test under Dodd-Frank
We completed our second annual stress test under Dodd-Frank in which E*TRADE Bank performed well under all stress scenarios, remaining above regulatory well-capitalized minimums by a healthy margin.

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E*TRADE Bank and E*TRADE Securities LLC ("E*TRADE Securities") Issued $143 Million in Dividends to the Parent Company
We received approval from our regulators for a $92 million dividend from E*TRADE Bank to the parent company, totaling $642 million in quarterly dividends since the third quarter of 2013 and continuing to reflect significant progress in our capital plan.
An additional $51 million dividend was issued from E*TRADE Securities to the parent company, totaling $485 million in dividends to the parent company after E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in February 2015.
E*TRADE Clearing Established a $345 Million Credit Facility and Was Moved out from under E*TRADE Bank
E*TRADE Clearing entered into a new $345 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility as an additional source of liquidity for its operations in June 2015, bringing its total external funding available to approximately $900 million. E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015.
Enhancements to Our Trading and Investing Products and Services
We launched the new Apple Watch app that delivers market data in an engaging and simple format and assists investors and traders in monitoring their portfolios, watchlists and the markets.
On our active trader platform, E*TRADE Pro, we rolled out a robust new tutorial experience, new plug and play layouts to support the unique needs of traders, as well as improvements to several other customization features. We also simplified watch-list management and charting options, and added the ability to trade tax lots across equity and options positions.
We revamped the retirement experience on etrade.com, creating a cleaner, simpler design, with inviting content that helps customers engage and take charge, including interactive widgets customized to each account, an account wizard that helps direct customers to the retirement account that is right for them and personalized check-lists and to-do lists for each stage of an investor’s retirement planning.
EARNINGS OVERVIEW
We generated net income of $292 million and $332 million, or $0.99 and $1.13 per diluted share, on total net revenue of $445 million and $901 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. Net operating interest income remained unchanged at $267 million and increased 2% to $538 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Commissions, fees and service charges and other revenue increased 2% to $167 million and decreased 2% to $343 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Provision for loan losses decreased 75% to $3 million and 50% to $8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Total operating expenses increased 9% to $309 million and 6% to $609 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014.
The following sections describe in detail the changes in key operating factors and other changes and events that affected net revenue, provision for loan losses, operating expense, other income (expense) and income tax expense (benefit).

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Revenue
The components of revenue and the resulting variances are as follows (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Net operating interest income
$
267

 
$
267

 
$

 
*
 
$
538

 
$
530

 
$
8

 
2
 %
Commissions
103

 
105

 
(2
)
 
(2
)%
 
217

 
233

 
(16
)
 
(7
)%
Fees and service charges
55

 
49

 
6

 
12
 %
 
107

 
99

 
8

 
8
 %
Principal transactions

 

 

 
*
 

 
10

 
(10
)
 
*
Gains on loans and securities, net
11

 
7

 
4

 
57
 %
 
20

 
22

 
(2
)
 
(9
)%
Other revenues
9

 
10

 
(1
)
 
(10
)%
 
19

 
19

 

 
*
Total non-interest income
178

 
171

 
7

 
4
 %
 
363

 
383

 
(20
)
 
(5
)%
Total net revenue
$
445

 
$
438

 
$
7

 
2
 %
 
$
901

 
$
913

 
$
(12
)
 
(1
)%
 
*
Percentage not meaningful.
Net Operating Interest Income
Net operating interest income remained unchanged at $267 million and increased 2% to $538 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Net operating interest income is earned primarily through investing deposits and customer payables in assets including: available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, margin receivables and real estate loans.
The following table presents enterprise average balance sheet data and enterprise income and expense data for our operations, as well as the related net interest spread, yields and rates prepared on the basis required by the SEC’s Industry Guide 3, "Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies" (dollars in millions): 
 

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Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Average Balance
 
Operating Interest Inc./Exp.
 
Average Yield/Cost
 
Average Balance
 
Operating Interest Inc./Exp.
 
Average Yield/Cost
Enterprise interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans(1)
$
5,864

 
$
57

 
3.89
%
 
$
7,416

 
$
77

 
4.18
%
Available-for-sale securities
13,587

 
66

 
1.93
%
 
12,742

 
72

 
2.28
%
Held-to-maturity securities
12,366

 
86

 
2.78
%
 
11,298

 
82

 
2.91
%
Margin receivables
8,118

 
70

 
3.44
%
 
7,330

 
65

 
3.56
%
Cash and equivalents
1,409

 

 
0.20
%
 
1,310

 
1

 
0.15
%
Segregated cash
379

 

 
0.15
%
 
799

 
1

 
0.10
%
Securities borrowed and other
608

 
31

 
20.41
%
 
500

 
21

 
16.43
%
Total enterprise interest-earning assets
42,331

 
310

 
2.93
%
 
41,395

 
319

 
3.08
%
Non-operating interest-earning and non-interest earning assets(2)
4,818

 
 
 
 
 
4,203

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
47,149

 
 
 
 
 
$
45,598

 
 
 
 
Enterprise interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
26,285

 
1

 
0.01
%
 
$
25,239

 
2

 
0.03
%
Customer payables
6,576

 
1

 
0.08
%
 
6,250

 
3

 
0.16
%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
3,642

 
25

 
2.77
%
 
4,010

 
30

 
2.98
%
FHLB advances and other borrowings
1,306

 
16

 
4.65
%
 
1,285

 
17

 
5.24
%
Securities loaned and other
1,828

 

 
0.10
%
 
1,506

 

 
0.03
%
Total enterprise interest-bearing liabilities
39,637

 
43

 
0.43
%
 
38,290

 
52

 
0.53
%
Non-operating interest-bearing and non-interest bearing liabilities(3)
1,918

 
 
 
 
 
2,187

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
41,555

 
 
 
 
 
40,477

 
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
5,594

 
 
 
 
 
5,121

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
47,149

 
 
 
 
 
$
45,598

 
 
 
 
Excess of enterprise interest-earning assets over enterprise interest-bearing liabilities/Enterprise net interest income/Spread(4)
$
2,694

 
$
267

 
2.50
%
 
$
3,105

 
$
267

 
2.55
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Enterprise net interest margin (net yield on enterprise interest-earning assets)
 
 
 
2.52
%
 
 
 
 
 
2.58
%
Ratio of enterprise interest-earning assets to enterprise interest-bearing liabilities
 
 
 
106.80
%
 
 
 
 
 
108.11
%
Return on average:(5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Total assets
 
 
 
 
2.48
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.61
%
     Total shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
20.91
%
 
 
 
 
 
5.40
%
Average equity to average total assets
 
 
 
 
11.86
%
 
 
 
 
 
11.23
%


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Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Average Balance
 
Operating Interest Inc./Exp.
 
Average Yield/Cost
 
Average Balance
 
Operating Interest Inc./Exp.
 
Average Yield/Cost
Enterprise interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans(1)
$
6,033

 
$
119

 
3.95
%
 
$
7,904

 
$
161

 
4.08
%
Available-for-sale securities
12,967

 
132

 
2.03
%
 
13,115

 
151

 
2.30
%
Held-to-maturity securities
12,322

 
174

 
2.82
%
 
10,927

 
159

 
2.91
%
Margin receivables
8,004

 
138

 
3.47
%
 
7,134

 
127

 
3.60
%
Cash and equivalents
1,409

 
1

 
0.19
%
 
1,229

 
1

 
0.15
%
Segregated cash
344

 

 
0.12
%
 
818

 
1

 
0.10
%
Securities borrowed and other
633

 
62

 
19.75
%
 
626

 
38

 
12.24
%
Total enterprise interest-earning assets
41,712

 
626

 
3.01
%
 
41,753

 
638

 
3.06
%
Non-operating interest-earning and non-interest earning assets(2)
4,908

 
 
 
 
 
4,235

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
46,620

 
 
 
 
 
$
45,988

 


 
 
Enterprise interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
25,671

 
3

 
0.02
%
 
$
25,465

 
4

 
0.03
%
Customer payables
6,483

 
2

 
0.08
%
 
6,310

 
5

 
0.16
%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
3,685

 
51

 
2.77
%
 
4,232

 
65

 
3.06
%
FHLB advances and other borrowings
1,303

 
31

 
4.65
%
 
1,283

 
34

 
5.26
%
Securities loaned and other
1,794

 
1

 
0.12
%
 
1,367

 

 
0.04
%
Total enterprise interest-bearing liabilities
38,936

 
88

 
0.45
%
 
38,657

 
108

 
0.55
%
Non-operating interest-bearing and non-interest bearing liabilities(3)
2,168

 
 
 
 
 
2,292

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
41,104

 
 
 
 
 
40,949

 
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
5,516

 
 
 
 
 
5,039

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
46,620

 
 
 
 
 
$
45,988

 
 
 
 
Excess of enterprise interest-earning assets over enterprise interest-bearing liabilities/Enterprise net interest income/Spread(4)
$
2,776

 
$
538

 
2.56
%
 
$
3,096

 
$
530

 
2.51
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Enterprise net interest margin (net yield on enterprise interest-earning assets)
 
 
 
2.58
%
 
 
 
 
 
2.54
%
Ratio of enterprise interest-earning assets to enterprise interest-bearing liabilities
 
 
 
107.13
%
 
 
 
 
 
108.01
%
Return on average:(5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Total assets
 
 
 
 
1.43
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.72
%
     Total shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
12.05
%
 
 
 
 
 
6.58
%
Average equity to average total assets
 
 
 
 
11.83
%
 
 
 
 
 
10.96
%

(1)
Nonaccrual loans are included in the average loan balances. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are recognized on a cash basis in operating interest income until it is doubtful that full payment will be collected, at which point payments are applied to principal.
(2)
Non-operating interest-earning and non-interest earning assets consist of property and equipment, net, goodwill, other intangibles, net and other assets that do not generate operating interest income. Some of these assets generate corporate interest income.
(3)
Non-operating interest-bearing and non-interest bearing liabilities consist of corporate debt and other liabilities that do not generate operating interest expense. Some of these liabilities generate corporate interest expense.
(4)
Enterprise net interest spread represents the taxable equivalent rate earned on average enterprise interest-earning assets less the rate paid on average enterprise interest-bearing liabilities, excluding corporate interest-earning assets and liabilities. The taxable equivalent adjustment to reconcile to net operating interest income was less than $1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
(5)
Return on average ratios are calculated using net income divided by average total assets or average total shareholders' equity. Net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 includes the impact of the settlement of the IRS examination.
The fluctuation in enterprise interest-earning assets is driven primarily by changes in enterprise interest-bearing liabilities, specifically deposits and customer payables. Average enterprise interest-earning assets increased 2% to $42.3 billion and decreased slightly to $41.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increase in average enterprise interest-earning assets for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily in the held-to-maturity securities, available-for-sale securities and margin receivables categories, partially offset by a decrease in the loans and segregated cash categories, compared to the same period in 2014. The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily due to decreases in loans, partially offset by increases in held-to-maturity securities and margin receivables.

8

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Average enterprise interest-bearing liabilities increased 4% to $39.6 billion and 1% to $38.9 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases in average enterprise interest-bearing liabilities were primarily due to increases in deposits, customer payables and securities loaned and other categories, partially offset by decreases in average securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
At June 30, 2015, $14.6 billion of our customers' assets were held at third party institutions, including third party banks and money market funds. Approximately 70% of these off-balance sheet assets resulted from our deleveraging efforts completed in prior periods. We estimate the impact of our deleveraging efforts on net operating interest income at June 30, 2015 to be approximately 130 basis points based on the estimated current re-investment rates on these assets, less approximately 10 basis points of cost associated with holding these assets on our balance sheet, primarily FDIC insurance premiums. We maintain the ability to transfer the majority of these customer assets back on the balance sheet with appropriate notification to the third party institutions and customer consent, as appropriate.
Enterprise net interest spread decreased by 5 basis points to 2.50% and increased by 5 basis points to 2.56% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Enterprise net interest spread is driven by changes in average balances and average interest rates earned or paid on those balances. During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the decrease in enterprise net interest spread was driven primarily by an increase in amortization due to faster mortgage-backed securities prepayment speeds, lower rates earned on available-for-sale and held-to-maturities securities, margin receivables and the continued run-off of loans. The decrease was partially offset by increased revenue earned from our securities lending activities and lower borrowing costs due to both a decrease in the amount and a reduction in the cost of securities sold under agreements to repurchase. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the increase in enterprise net interest spread was driven primarily by increased revenue earned from our securities lending activities, along with lower borrowing costs due to both a decrease in the amount and a reduction in the cost of securities sold under agreements to repurchase. These increases were partially offset by lower rates earned on investment securities, margin receivables and the continued run-off of loans. Enterprise net interest spread may further fluctuate based on the size and mix of the balance sheet, as well as the impact from the interest rate environment.
Commissions
Commissions revenue decreased 2% to $103 million and 7% to $217 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The main factors that affect commissions are DARTs, average commission per trade and the number of trading days.
DART volume decreased 4% to 149,448 and 9% to 159,534 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Option-related DARTs as a percentage of total DARTs represented 23% of trading volume for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 23% and 22% for the same periods in 2014.
Average commission per trade increased 2% to $10.96 and 3% to $10.95 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. Average commission per trade is impacted by customer mix and the different commission rates on various trade types (e.g. equities, options, fixed income, stock plan, exchange-traded funds, mutual funds, forex and cross border). Accordingly, favorable changes in customer mix and trade types impacted average commission per trade.

9

Table of Contents    

Fees and Service Charges
Fees and service charges increased 12% to $55 million and 8% to $107 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The table below shows the components of fees and service charges and the resulting variances (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Order flow revenue
$
21

 
$
22

 
$
(1
)
 
(5
)%
 
$
44

 
$
47

 
$
(3
)
 
(6
)%
Mutual fund service fees
6

 
6

 

 
*
 
12

 
11

 
1

 
9
 %
Advisor management fees
7

 
6

 
1

 
17
 %
 
14

 
11

 
3

 
27
 %
Foreign exchange revenue
5

 
4

 
1

 
25
 %
 
9

 
8

 
1

 
13
 %
Reorganization fees
3

 
2

 
1

 
50
 %
 
5

 
4

 
1

 
25
 %
Money market funds and sweep deposits revenue(1)
6

 
3

 
3

 
100
 %
 
11

 
6

 
5

 
83
 %
Other fees and service charges
7

 
6

 
1

 
17
 %
 
12

 
12

 

 
*
Total fees and service charges
$
55

 
$
49

 
$
6

 
12
 %
 
$
107

 
$
99

 
$
8

 
8
 %
 
*
Percentage not meaningful.
(1)
Includes revenue earned on average customer assets held by third parties outside the Company, including money market funds and sweep deposit accounts at unaffiliated financial institutions. Fees earned on these customer assets are based on the federal funds rate or LIBOR plus a negotiated spread or other contractual arrangement with the third party institutions.
The increases in fees and services charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014, were primarily driven by increased money market funds and sweep deposits revenue and increased advisor management fees revenue, offset by decreased order flow revenue. The increase in money market funds and sweep deposits revenue was driven primarily by the increased balance and rate earned on customer assets in money market funds, which were $7.7 billion at June 30, 2015, compared to $6.3 billion at June 30, 2014. The increase in advisor management fees was driven by assets in managed accounts within our retirement, investing and savings products, which were $3.2 billion at June 30, 2015, compared to $2.9 billion at June 30, 2014.
Principal Transactions
There was no principal transactions revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $10 million for the same period in 2014. Principal transactions were derived from our market making business in which we acted as a market-maker for our brokerage customers’ orders as well as orders from third party customers. On February 10, 2014, we completed the sale of the market making business and no longer generate principal transactions revenue.
Gains on Loans and Securities, Net
The table below shows the components of gains on loans and securities, net and the resulting variances (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Gains on loans, net
$

 
$
7

 
$
(7
)
 
*
 
$

 
$
7

 
$
(7
)
 
*
Gains on available-for-sale securities, net
8

 
3

 
5

 
167
%
 
18

 
22

 
(4
)
 
(18
)%
Hedge ineffectiveness
3

 
(3
)
 
6

 
200
%
 
2

 
(7
)
 
9

 
129
 %
Gains on securities, net
11

 

 
11

 
*
 
20

 
15

 
5

 
33
 %
Gains on loans and securities, net
$
11

 
$
7

 
$
4

 
57
%
 
$
20

 
$
22

 
$
(2
)
 
(9
)%
*
Percentage not meaningful.
Gains on loans and securities, net increased 57% to $11 million and decreased 9% to $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. During the second quarter of 2014, we recognized a gain of $7 million on the sale of one- to four-family loans modified as TDRs. Gains on loans and securities, net for the six months

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ended June 30, 2014 also included a $6 million gain recognized on the sale of our remaining $17 million in amortized cost of available-for-sale non-agency CMOs in the first quarter of 2014.
Provision for Loan Losses
Provision for loan losses decreased 75% to $3 million and 50% to $8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014, which reflected continued improvement in economic conditions and loan portfolio run-off. During the three months ended June 30, 2015, provision for loan losses also reflected enhancements to our modeling practices for the allowance for loan losses. The timing and magnitude of the provision for loan losses is affected by many factors and we anticipate variability, particularly as mortgage loans reach the end of their interest-only period. For additional information on management's estimate of the allowance for loan losses, see Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Operating Expense
The components of operating expense and the resulting variances are as follows (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Compensation and benefits
$
118

 
$
99

 
$
19

 
19
 %
 
$
231

 
$
197

 
$
34

 
17
 %
Advertising and market development
32

 
33

 
(1
)
 
(3
)%
 
66

 
67

 
(1
)
 
(1
)%
Clearing and servicing
25

 
23

 
2

 
9
 %
 
49

 
51

 
(2
)
 
(4
)%
FDIC insurance premiums
11

 
19

 
(8
)
 
(42
)%
 
29

 
43

 
(14
)
 
(33
)%
Professional services
26

 
28

 
(2
)
 
(7
)%
 
53

 
52

 
1

 
2
 %
Occupancy and equipment
22

 
19

 
3

 
16
 %
 
43

 
37

 
6

 
16
 %
Communications
19

 
18

 
1

 
6
 %
 
38

 
36

 
2

 
6
 %
Depreciation and amortization
20

 
20

 

 
*
 
40

 
41

 
(1
)
 
(2
)%
Amortization of other intangibles
5

 
6

 
(1
)
 
(17
)%
 
10

 
11

 
(1
)
 
(9
)%
Facility restructuring and other exit activities
2

 
1

 
1

 
100
 %
 
6

 
4

 
2

 
50
 %
Other operating expenses
29

 
18

 
11

 
61
 %
 
44

 
35

 
9

 
26
 %
Total operating expense
$
309

 
$
284

 
$
25

 
9
 %
 
$
609

 
$
574

 
$
35

 
6
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits increased 19% to $118 million and 17% to $231 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily due to increased salaries expense driven by higher headcount and increased incentive compensation, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases also included $6 million of executive severance costs recorded in the second quarter of 2015.
FDIC Insurance Premiums
FDIC insurance premiums decreased 42% to $11 million and 33% to $29 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The decreases were primarily driven by rate reductions due to continued improvement and quality of our balance sheet, improving capital ratios and overall risk profile, compared to the same periods in 2014.  These drivers and the resulting decreases in FDIC insurance premiums are indications of the important progress we are making on our capital plan.
Occupancy and Equipment
Occupancy and equipment increased 16% to $22 million and 16% to $43 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were due to increased software maintenance and data center facilities expenses, when compared to the same periods in 2014.

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Table of Contents    

Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses increased 61% to $29 million and 26% to $44 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases were primarily driven by a $9 million expense related to a third party contract amendment executed during the three months ended June 30, 2015.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense) was $16 million and $104 million of net expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, as shown in the following table (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Corporate interest expense
$
(15
)
 
$
(29
)
 
$
14

 
(48
)%
 
$
(36
)
 
$
(57
)
 
$
21

 
(37
)%
Losses on early extinguishment of debt

 

 

 
*
 
(73
)
 
(12
)
 
(61
)
 
508
 %
Equity in income (loss) of investments and other
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 
*
 
5

 
2

 
3

 
150
 %
Total other income (expense)
$
(16
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
14

 
(47
)%
 
$
(104
)
 
$
(67
)
 
$
(37
)
 
55
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we issued $460 million of 4 5/8% Senior Notes and we used the net proceeds, together with $432 million of existing corporate cash, to redeem $800 million of 6 3/8% Senior Notes which resulted in a $73 million loss on early extinguishment of debt. This compares to a $12 million loss on early extinguishment of debt as a result of the early extinguishment of $100 million in repurchase agreements for the same period in 2014.
Total other income (expense) also includes corporate interest expense of $15 million and $36 million for three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to $29 million and $57 million for the same periods in 2014. The decrease in corporate interest expense was driven by $740 million in cumulative corporate debt reductions since the first quarter of 2014 which reduced our annual debt service cost from approximately $110 million as of June 30, 2014 to $50 million as of June 30, 2015.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax benefit was $175 million and $152 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $43 million and $90 million for the same periods in 2014. The effective tax rate was (149)% and (84)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to 38% and 35% for the same periods in 2014.
In May 2015, we settled the IRS examination of our 2007, 2009 and 2010 federal tax returns resulting in the recognition of a $220 million income tax benefit in the second quarter of 2015. The income tax benefit resulted from the release of related reserves for uncertain tax positions, the majority of which increased our deferred tax assets. See Balance Sheet Overview in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further discussion on deferred tax assets at June 30, 2015. During the third quarter of 2009, we incurred a loss on the exchange of $1.7 billion interest-bearing corporate debt for non-interest-bearing convertible debentures. The uncertain tax positions were primarily related to whether certain components of that loss were considered deductible or non-deductible for tax purposes. Excluding the impact of the settled IRS examination, the effective tax rate would have been 38% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, calculated in the following table (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Pre-tax Income
 
Tax Expense (Benefit)
 
Tax Rate
 
Pre-tax Income
 
Tax Expense
 
Tax Rate
Income taxes and tax rate before impact of settled IRS examination
$
117


$
45

 
38
 %
 
$
180

 
$
68

 
38
 %
Impact of settled IRS examination

 
(220
)
 
(187
)%
 

 
(220
)
 
(122
)%
Income taxes and tax rate as reported
$
117

 
$
(175
)
 
(149
)%
 
$
180

 
$
(152
)
 
(84
)%

12

Table of Contents    

SEGMENT RESULTS REVIEW
We report operating results in two segments: 1) trading and investing; and 2) balance sheet management. Trading and investing includes retail brokerage products and services; investor-focused banking products; and corporate services. Balance sheet management includes the management of asset allocation; loans previously originated by the Company or purchased from third parties; deposits and customer payables; and credit, liquidity and interest rate risk for the Company as described in the Risk Management section in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Costs associated with certain functions that are centrally-managed are separately reported in a corporate/other category. For more information on our segments, see Note 15—Segment Information in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Trading and Investing
The following table summarizes trading and investing financial information and key customer activity metrics as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions, except for key metrics): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Net operating interest income
$
178

 
$
148

 
$
30

 
20
 %
 
$
343

 
$
288

 
$
55

 
19
 %
Commissions
103

 
105

 
(2
)
 
(2
)%
 
217

 
233

 
(16
)
 
(7
)%
Fees and service charges
55

 
48

 
7

 
15
 %
 
107

 
98

 
9

 
9
 %
Principal transactions

 

 

 
*
 

 
10

 
(10
)
 
*
Other revenues
8

 
8

 

 
*
 
16

 
16

 

 
*
Total net revenue
344

 
309

 
35

 
11
 %
 
683

 
645

 
38

 
6
 %
Total operating expense
214

 
196

 
18

 
9
 %
 
417

 
391

 
26

 
7
 %
Trading and investing income
$
130

 
$
113

 
$
17

 
15
 %
 
$
266

 
$
254

 
$
12

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Customer Activity Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DARTs
149,448

 
155,194

 
(5,746
)
 
(4
)%
 
159,534

 
176,224

 
(16,690
)
 
(9
)%
Average commission per trade
$
10.96

 
$
10.72

 
$
0.24

 
2
 %
 
$
10.95

 
$
10.68

 
$
0.27

 
3
 %
Margin receivables (dollars in billions)
$
8.1

 
$
7.3

 
$
0.8

 
11
 %
 
$
8.1

 
$
7.3

 
$
0.8

 
11
 %
End of period brokerage accounts(1)
3,201,326

 
3,102,966

 
98,360

 
3
 %
 
3,201,326

 
3,102,966

 
98,360

 
3
 %
Net new brokerage accounts(1)
18,687

 
33,005

 
(14,318
)
 
(43
)%
 
57,403

 
104,907

 
(47,504
)
 
(45
)%
Annualized brokerage account attrition rate(1)
9.6
%
 
8.6
%
 
1
%
 
*
 
9.2
%
 
8.0
%
 
1.2
%
 
*
Customer assets (dollars in billions)
$
302.4

 
$
280.9

 
$
21.5

 
8
 %
 
$
302.4

 
$
280.9

 
$
21.5

 
8
 %
Net new brokerage assets (dollars in billions)
$
0.9

 
$
1.0

 
$
(0.1
)
 
(10
)%
 
$
4.4

 
$
5.1

 
$
(0.7
)
 
(14
)%
Brokerage related cash (dollars in billions)
$
42.0

 
$
40.0

 
$
2.0

 
5
 %
 
$
42.0

 
$
40.0

 
$
2.0

 
5
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful.
(1)
End of period brokerage accounts, net new brokerage accounts and annualized brokerage account attrition rate include the closure of 3,484 accounts related to the escheatment of unclaimed property and 3,325 accounts related to the shutdown of the Company’s global trading platform.
The trading and investing segment offers products and services to individual retail investors, generating revenue from these customer relationships and from corporate services activities. This segment currently generates four main sources of revenue: net operating interest income; commissions; fees and service charges; and other revenues. Net operating interest income is generated primarily from margin receivables and from a deposit transfer pricing arrangement with the balance sheet management segment. The balance sheet management segment utilizes deposits and customer payables and compensates the trading and investing segment via a market-based transfer pricing arrangement. This compensation is reflected in segment results as operating interest income for the trading and investing segment and operating interest expense for the balance sheet management segment, and is eliminated in consolidation. Other revenues include results from providing software and services

13

Table of Contents    

for managing equity compensation plans from corporate customers, as we ultimately service retail investors through these corporate relationships. For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, our brokerage products contributed 78% and 79%, respectively, and our banking products contributed 22% and 21%, respectively, of total trading and investing net revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, our brokerage products contributed 79% and 80%, respectively, and our banking products contributed 21% and 20%, respectively, of total trading and investing net revenue.
Trading and investing income increased 15% to $130 million and 5% to $266 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily driven by increased net operating interest income.
Margin receivables, a key driver of net operating interest income, increased by $0.8 billion to $8.1 billion as of June 30, 2015 when compared to the same period in 2014. Brokerage related cash, which is one of our most profitable sources of funding, increased by $2.0 billion to $42.0 billion as of June 30, 2015 when compared to the same period in 2014. Trading and investing net operating interest income increased 20% to $178 million and 19% to $343 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, driven primarily by the growth in margin receivables, coupled with increased revenue earned on securities lending activities when compared to the same periods in 2014.
Trading and investing commissions revenue decreased 2% to $103 million and 7% to $217 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. The decrease in commissions was primarily due to a decrease in DARTs of 4% to 149,448 and 9% to 159,534 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014.
Trading and investing fees and service charges increased 15% to $55 million and 9% to $107 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. The increase in fees and services charges was driven primarily by increased money market funds and sweep deposits revenue and increased advisor management fees revenue, offset by decreased order flow revenue. The increase in money market funds and sweep deposits revenue was driven primarily by the increased balance and rate earned on customer assets in money market funds, which were $7.7 billion at June 30, 2015, compared to $6.3 billion at June 30, 2014. The increase in advisor management fees was driven by assets in managed accounts within our retirement, investing and savings products, which were $3.2 billion at June 30, 2015, compared to $2.9 billion at June 30, 2014.
There was no principal transactions revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $10 million for the same period in 2014. Principal transactions were derived from our market making business in which we acted as a market-maker for our brokerage customers’ orders as well as orders from third party customers. On February 10, 2014, we completed the sale of the market making business and no longer generate principal transactions revenue.
Trading and investing operating expense increased 9% to $214 million and 7% to $417 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases were primarily driven by a $9 million expense related to a third party contract amendment executed during the three months ended June 30, 2015. The increases were also a result of increased compensation and benefits expenses to support our strategy of accelerating the growth of the core brokerage business.
As of June 30, 2015, we had approximately 3.2 million brokerage accounts, 1.3 million stock plan accounts and 0.4 million banking accounts.     

14

Table of Contents    

Balance Sheet Management
The following table summarizes balance sheet management financial information and key financial metrics as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Net operating interest income
$
88

 
$
119

 
$
(31
)
 
(26
)%
 
$
194

 
$
242

 
$
(48
)
 
(20
)%
Fees and service charges

 
1

 
(1
)
 
*
 

 
1

 
(1
)
 
*
Gains on loans and securities, net
11

 
7

 
4

 
57
 %
 
20

 
22

 
(2
)
 
(9
)%
Other revenues
1

 
2

 
(1
)
 
(50
)%
 
3

 
3

 

 
*
Total net revenue
100

 
129

 
(29
)
 
(22
)%
 
217

 
268

 
(51
)
 
(19
)%
Provision for loan losses
3

 
12

 
(9
)
 
(75
)%
 
8

 
16

 
(8
)
 
(50
)%
Total operating expense
26

 
36

 
(10
)
 
(28
)%
 
62

 
77

 
(15
)
 
(19
)%
Balance sheet management income
$
71

 
$
81

 
$
(10
)
 
(12
)%
 
$
147

 
$
175

 
$
(28
)
 
(16
)%
Key Financial Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Special mention loan delinquencies
$
143

 
$
155

 
$
(12
)
 
(8
)%
 
$
143

 
$
155

 
$
(12
)
 
(8
)%
Allowance for loan losses
$
402

 
$
401

 
$
1

 
 %
 
$
402

 
$
401

 
$
1

 
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful.
The balance sheet management segment primarily generates revenue through net operating interest income. Net operating interest income is generated from interest earned on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities and loans receivable, net of interest paid on wholesale borrowings and on a deposit transfer pricing arrangement with the trading and investing segment. The balance sheet management segment utilizes deposits and customer payables to invest in available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, and compensates the trading and investing segment via a market-based transfer pricing arrangement. This compensation is reflected in segment results as operating interest income for the trading and investing segment and operating interest expense for the balance sheet management segment and is eliminated in consolidation.
The balance sheet management segment income decreased 12% to $71 million and 16% to $147 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily driven by a decrease in net operating interest income, partially offset by a decrease in provision for loan losses and total operating expense.
The balance sheet management net operating interest income decreased 26% to $88 million and 20% to $194 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The decrease for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was driven by the decrease in the interest earned on the loan portfolio as average loan balances decreased, partially offset by the growth in average balances of our held-to-maturity securities portfolio.
Gains on loans and securities, net increased 57% to $11 million and decreased 9% to $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to 2014. During the second quarter of 2014, we recognized a gain of $7 million on the sale of one- to four-family loans modified as TDRs. Gains on loans and securities, net for the six months ended June 30, 2014, also included a $6 million gain recognized on the sale of our remaining $17 million in amortized cost of available-for-sale non-agency CMOs in the first quarter of 2014.
Provision for loan losses decreased 75% to $3 million and 50% to $8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014, which reflected continued improvement in economic conditions and loan portfolio run-off. During the three months ended June 30, 2015, provision for loan losses also reflected enhancements to our modeling practices for the allowance for loan losses. The timing and magnitude of the provision for loan losses is affected by many factors and we anticipate variability, particularly as mortgage loans reach the end of their interest-only period. For additional information on management's estimate of the allowance for loan losses, see Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Total balance sheet management operating expense decreased 28% to $26 million and 19% to $62 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. The decrease in operating expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 resulted primarily from lower FDIC insurance premiums and reduced servicing expenses due to lower loan balances compared to the same periods in 2014.

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Table of Contents    

Corporate/Other
The following table summarizes corporate/other financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, and 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Variance
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Total net revenue
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

 
*
 
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

 
*
Compensation and benefits
40

 
27

 
13

 
48
 %
 
71

 
51

 
20

 
39
%
Professional services
13

 
12

 
1

 
8
 %
 
25

 
24

 
1

 
4
%
Occupancy and equipment
3

 
4

 
(1
)
 
(25
)%
 
7

 
7

 

 
*
Communications
1

 
1

 

 
*
 
1

 
1

 

 
*
Depreciation and amortization
5

 
4

 
1

 
25
 %
 
9

 
9

 

 
*
Facility restructuring and other exit activities
2

 
1

 
1

 
100
 %
 
6

 
4

 
2

 
50
%
Other operating expenses
5

 
3

 
2

 
67
 %
 
11

 
10

 
1

 
10
%
Total operating expense
69

 
52

 
17

 
33
 %
 
130

 
106

 
24

 
23
%
Operating loss
(68
)
 
(52
)
 
(16
)
 
31
 %
 
(129
)
 
(106
)
 
(23
)
 
22
%
Total other income (expense)
(16
)
 
(30
)
 
14

 
(47
)%
 
(104
)
 
(67
)
 
(37
)
 
55
%
Corporate/other loss
$
(84
)
 
$
(82
)
 
$
(2
)
 
2
 %
 
$
(233
)
 
$
(173
)
 
$
(60
)
 
35
%
*
Percentage not meaningful.
The corporate/other category includes costs that are centrally-managed, technology related costs incurred to support centrally-managed functions, restructuring and other exit activities, corporate debt and corporate investments.
The corporate/other loss before income taxes was $84 million and $233 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to $82 million and $173 million for the same periods in 2014.
The operating loss increased 31% to $68 million and 22% to $129 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively compared to the same period in 2014. The increases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily due to increased salaries expense driven by higher headcount and increased incentive compensation, compared to the same periods in 2014. The increases also included $6 million of executive severance costs recorded in the second quarter of 2015.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we issued $460 million of 4 5/8% Senior Notes and we used the net proceeds together with $432 million of existing corporate cash to redeem $800 million of 6 3/8% Senior Notes which resulted in a $73 million loss on early extinguishment of debt in other income (expense). This compares to a $12 million loss on early extinguishment of debt as a result of the early extinguishment of $100 million in repurchase agreements for the same period in 2014. Total other income (expense) also includes corporate interest expense of $15 million and $36 million for three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $29 million and $57 million for the same periods in 2014. The decrease in corporate interest expense was driven by $740 million in cumulative corporate debt reductions since the first quarter of 2014 which reduced our annual debt service cost from approximately $110 million as of June 30, 2014 to $50 million as of June 30, 2015.

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Table of Contents    

BALANCE SHEET OVERVIEW
The following table sets forth the significant components of the consolidated balance sheet (dollars in millions): 
 
 
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and equivalents
$
1,872

 
$
1,783

 
$
89

 
5
 %
Segregated cash
767

 
555

 
212

 
38
 %
Securities(1)
26,157

 
24,636

 
1,521

 
6
 %
Margin receivables
8,139

 
7,675

 
464

 
6
 %
Loans receivable, net
5,252

 
5,979

 
(727
)
 
(12
)%
Investment in FHLB stock
89

 
88

 
1

 
1
 %
Other(2)
4,839

 
4,814

 
25

 
1
 %
Total assets
$
47,115

 
$
45,530

 
$
1,585

 
3
 %
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
26,214

 
$
24,890

 
$
1,324

 
5
 %
Wholesale borrowings(3)
4,926

 
4,971

 
(45
)
 
(1
)%
Customer payables
6,702

 
6,455

 
247

 
4
 %
Corporate debt
1,023

 
1,366

 
(343
)
 
(25
)%
Other liabilities
2,536

 
2,473

 
63

 
3
 %
Total liabilities
41,401

 
40,155

 
1,246

 
3
 %
Shareholders’ equity
5,714

 
5,375

 
339

 
6
 %
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
47,115

 
$
45,530

 
$
1,585

 
3
 %
(1)
Includes balance sheet line items available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
(2)
Includes balance sheet line items property and equipment, net, goodwill, other intangibles, net and other assets.
(3)
Includes balance sheet line items securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances and other borrowings.
Segregated Cash
Segregated cash increased by 38% to $767 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015. The level of cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations, or segregated cash, is driven largely by customer cash and securities lending balances we hold as a liability in excess of the amount of margin receivables and securities borrowed balances we hold as an asset. The excess represents customer cash that we are required by our regulators to segregate for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers.

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Table of Contents    

Securities
Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are summarized as follows (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
12,797

 
$
11,164

 
$
1,633

 
15
 %
Other debt securities
1,037

 
1,191

 
(154
)
 
(13
)%
Total debt securities
13,834

 
12,355

 
1,479

 
12
 %
Publicly traded equity securities(1)
32

 
33

 
(1
)
 
(3
)%
Total available-for-sale securities
$
13,866

 
$
12,388

 
$
1,478

 
12
 %
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
9,548

 
$
9,793

 
$
(245
)
 
(3
)%
Other debt securities
2,743

 
2,455

 
288

 
12
 %
Total held-to-maturity securities
$
12,291

 
$
12,248

 
$
43

 
*
Total investments in securities
$
26,157

 
$
24,636

 
$
1,521

 
6
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful. 
(1)
Publicly traded equity securities consisted of investments in a mutual fund related to the Community Reinvestment Act.
Securities represented 56% and 54% of total assets at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. We classify debt securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity based on our investment strategy and management’s assessment of our intent and ability to hold the debt securities until maturity. The increase in total investments in securities during the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily due to the purchase of agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs as a result of increased customer deposits and the reinvestment of funds as our loan portfolios pay down.
Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net are summarized as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
One- to four-family
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

 
$
(283
)
 
(9
)%
Home equity
2,453

 
2,834

 
(381
)
 
(13
)%
Consumer and other
395

 
455

 
(60
)
 
(13
)%
Total loans receivable
5,625

 
6,349

 
(724
)
 
(11
)%
Unamortized premiums, net
29

 
34

 
(5
)
 
(15
)%
Allowance for loan losses
(402
)
 
(404
)
 
2

 
 %
Total loans receivable, net
$
5,252

 
$
5,979

 
$
(727
)
 
(12
)%
Loans receivable, net decreased 12% to $5.3 billion at June 30, 2015 from $6.0 billion at December 31, 2014. We are continuing our strategy of reducing balance sheet risk through loan portfolio run-off, which we plan to do for the foreseeable future. Loan portfolio run-off is impacted by a variety of factors. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we observed an increase in prepayment activity related to low interest rates, increasing home prices and home equity lines of credit borrowers approaching the end of their interest-only payment period. As our portfolio ages and we gather substantive performance history for loans converting from interest-only to amortizing, we will continue to assess the economic environment and the value of our portfolio in the marketplace. While it is our intention to continue to hold these loans, if the markets improve our strategy could change. For additional information on management's estimate of the allowance for loan losses, see Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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Table of Contents    

Other Assets
Other assets increased 1% to $4.8 billion due primarily to the increase in deferred tax assets during the six months ended June 30, 2015. In May 2015, we settled the IRS examination of our 2007, 2009 and 2010 federal tax returns resulting in the recognition of a $220 million income tax benefit in the second quarter of 2015, and increasing our deferred tax assets. This increase was partially offset by the decrease in deposits paid for securities borrowed during the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Deposits
Deposits are summarized as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Sweep deposits
$
20,692

 
$
19,119

 
$
1,573

 
8
 %
Complete savings deposits
3,528

 
3,753

 
(225
)
 
(6
)%
Checking deposits
1,134

 
1,137

 
(3
)
 
*
Other money market and savings deposits
819

 
833

 
(14
)
 
(2
)%
Time deposits
41

 
48

 
(7
)
 
(15
)%
Total deposits
$
26,214

 
$
24,890

 
$
1,324

 
5
 %
*
Percentage not meaningful. 
Deposits represented 63% and 62% of total liabilities at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. At June 30, 2015, 88% of our customer deposits were covered by FDIC insurance. Deposits provide the benefit of lower interest costs compared with wholesale funding alternatives.
The majority of the deposits balance, specifically sweep deposits, is included in brokerage related cash and reported as a customer activity metric of $42.0 billion and $41.1 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The total brokerage related cash balance is summarized as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Deposits
$
26,214

 
$
24,890

 
$
1,324

 
5
 %
Less: bank related cash(1)
(5,522
)
 
(5,771
)
 
249

 
(4
)%
Sweep deposits at banking subsidiaries(2)
20,692

 
19,119

 
1,573

 
8
 %
Customer payables
6,702

 
6,455

 
247

 
4
 %
Customer assets held by third parties(3)
14,603

 
15,520

 
(917
)
 
(6
)%
Total brokerage related cash(4)
$
41,997

 
$
41,094

 
$
903

 
2
 %
 
(1)
Bank related cash includes complete savings deposits, checking deposits, other money market and savings deposits and time deposits.
(2)
A sweep product transfers brokerage customer balances to banking subsidiaries, which hold these funds as customer deposits in FDIC insured demand deposit and money market deposit accounts.
(3)
Customer assets held by third parties are not reflected on our consolidated balance sheet and are not immediately available for liquidity purposes.
(4)
Increases in brokerage related cash generally indicate that the use of our products and services by existing and new brokerage customers is expanding.
The components of customer assets held by third parties are as follows (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Money market fund
$
7,665

 
$
7,169

 
$
496

 
7
 %
Sweep deposits at unaffiliated financial institutions
3,341

 
4,744

 
(1,403
)
 
(30
)%
Subtotal
11,006

 
11,913

 
(907
)
 
(8
)%
Municipal funds and other
3,597

 
3,607

 
(10
)
 
*

Customer assets held by third parties
$
14,603

 
$
15,520

 
$
(917
)
 
(6
)%

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Table of Contents    

At June 30, 2015, our customers held $14.6 billion of assets at third party financial institutions, including third party banks and money market funds. Approximately 70% of these off-balance sheet assets resulted from our deleveraging efforts that we completed in prior periods.  We maintain the ability to transfer the majority of these customer assets back on the balance sheet with appropriate notification to the third party financial institutions and customer consent, as appropriate. Customer assets held by third parties included $3.3 billion and $4.7 billion of customer sweep deposits at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, in the extended insurance sweep deposit account program ("ESDA") that we have in place for brokerage customers. The ESDA program utilized E*TRADE Bank in combination with additional third party program banks to allow certain customers the ability to insure at least $1,250,000 of the cash they hold in the ESDA program. During the first quarter of 2015, we converted approximately $15.1 billion of customer assets in the ESDA program to a new sweep deposit platform that enables us to more efficiently manage our balance sheet size. We utilized this platform to direct customer sweep deposits to our balance sheet during the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Wholesale Borrowings
Wholesale borrowings, which consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances and other borrowings, are summarized as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
 
Variance
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015 vs. 2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
Amount
 
%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
3,617

 
$
3,672

 
$
(55
)
 
(1)%
FHLB advances
920

 
920

 

 
*
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances
4,537

 
4,592

 
(55
)
 
(1)%
Subordinated debentures
428

 
428

 

 
*
Fair value hedge adjustments and deferred costs
(39
)
 
(49
)
 
10

 
(20)%
Total wholesale borrowings
$
4,926

 
$
4,971

 
$
(45
)
 
(1)%
*
Percentage not meaningful. 
Wholesale borrowings represented 12% of total liabilities at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances are the primary wholesale funding sources of E*TRADE Bank. During the second half of 2015, we expect securities sold under agreements to repurchase to decrease by approximately $0.3 billion due to planned decreases in the forecasted issuances of debt.
We currently have $4.5 billion of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances that are scheduled to run off over the next seven years. Scheduled balances for FHLB advances and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are shown below (dollars in millions):
Date
Balance
December 31, 2015
$
4,205

December 31, 2016
$
3,510

December 31, 2017
$
2,655

December 31, 2018
$
1,940

December 31, 2019
$
1,445

December 31, 2020
$
1,150

December 31, 2021
$
1,050

December 31, 2022
$

While these sources of funding are more expensive than other sources available to us, such as customer deposits, the estimated pre-tax cost to eliminate these obligations as of June 30, 2015 would be approximately $0.4 billion. Our intent remains to replace wholesale borrowings with customer deposits as the planned decreases in the forecasted issuances of wholesale borrowings occur; however, as we continue to execute on our capital plan and consider the best uses of excess capital, our intent could change. For additional information on our use of hedge accounting, see Note 7—Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Table of Contents    

Corporate Debt
Corporate debt by type is shown as follows (dollars in millions):
 
Face Value
 
Discount
 
Net
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing notes:
 
 
 
 
 
3/8% Notes, due 2022
$
540

 
$
(6
)
 
$
534

5/8% Notes, due 2023
460

 
(6
)
 
454

Total interest-bearing notes
1,000

 
(12
)
 
988

Non-interest-bearing debt:
 
 
 
 
 
0% Convertible debentures, due 2019
35

 

 
35

Total corporate debt
$
1,035

 
$
(12
)
 
$
1,023

 
Face Value
 
Discount
 
Net
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing notes:
 
 
 
 
 
3/8% Notes, due 2019
$
800

 
$
(5
)
 
$
795

3/8% Notes, due 2022
540

 
(7
)
 
533

Total interest-bearing notes
1,340

 
(12
)
 
1,328

Non-interest-bearing debt:
 
 
 
 
 
0% Convertible debentures, due 2019
38

 

 
38

Total corporate debt
$
1,378

 
$
(12
)
 
$
1,366

During the first quarter of 2015, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $460 million in 4 5/8% Notes, due 2023. We used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4 5/8% Notes, along with $432 million of existing corporate cash, to redeem all of the outstanding 6 3/8% Notes due 2019.
Shareholders’ Equity
The activity in shareholders’ equity during the six months ended June 30, 2015 is summarized as follows (dollars in millions):
 
Common Stock /
Additional Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit /
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2014
$
7,353

 
$
(1,978
)
 
$
5,375

Net income

 
332

 
332

Net change from available-for-sale securities

 
(31
)
 
(31
)
Net change from cash flow hedging instruments

 
27

 
27

Other(1)
11

 

 
11

Ending balance, June 30, 2015
$
7,364

 
$
(1,650
)
 
$
5,714

 
(1)
Other includes employee share-based compensation and conversions of convertible debentures.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have established liquidity and capital policies to support the successful execution of our business strategies, while ensuring ongoing and sufficient liquidity through the business cycle. We believe liquidity is of critical importance to the Company and especially important within E*TRADE Bank and our broker-dealer subsidiaries. The objective of our policies is to ensure that we can meet our corporate, banking and broker-dealer liquidity needs under both normal operating conditions and under periods of stress in the financial markets.
Liquidity
Our corporate liquidity needs are primarily driven by capital needs at E*TRADE Bank and E*TRADE Clearing as well as by the amount of principal and interest due on our corporate debt. Our banking and brokerage liquidity needs are driven

21

Table of Contents    

primarily by the level and volatility of our customer activity. Management maintains a set of liquidity sources and monitors certain business trends and market metrics closely in an effort to ensure we have sufficient liquidity and to avoid dependence on other more expensive sources of funding.
Management believes the following are the key sources of liquidity that impact our ability to meet our liquidity needs: corporate cash, bank cash, deposits, securities lending, customer payables, unused FHLB borrowing capacity, E*TRADE Clearing's liquidity lines and the revolving credit facility at the parent company.
Consolidated Cash and Equivalents
The consolidated cash and equivalents balance increased by $89 million to $1.9 billion at June 30, 2015 when compared to December 31, 2014. The majority of this balance was cash held in regulated subsidiaries, primarily E*TRADE Bank, outlined as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2014
Corporate cash
$
406

 
$
233

 
$
570

Bank cash(1)
1,330

 
1,523

 
1,215

E*TRADE Securities
111

 
N/A

 
N/A

International brokerage and other cash
25

 
27

 
22

Total consolidated cash and equivalents
$
1,872

 
$
1,783

 
$
1,807

(1)
E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank effective February 1, 2015. Bank cash included $529 million and $404 million of cash held by E*TRADE Securities at December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, respectively. At June 30, 2015, December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, bank cash included $285 million, $235 million and $253 million, respectively, of cash held by E*TRADE Clearing, which is a broker-dealer subsidiary of E*TRADE Bank. E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank effective July 1, 2015.
Corporate cash is the primary source of liquidity at the parent company. We define corporate cash as cash held at the parent company as well as cash held in certain subsidiaries that can distribute cash to the parent company without any regulatory approval or notification. We believe corporate cash is a useful measure of the parent company’s liquidity as it is the primary source of capital above and beyond the capital deployed in our regulated subsidiaries. Corporate cash can fluctuate in any given quarter and is impacted primarily by tax settlements, approval and timing of subsidiary dividends, debt service costs and other overhead cost sharing arrangements.
Corporate cash ended the second quarter of 2015 at $406 million, up from $233 million at December 31, 2014. Corporate cash included dividends of $167 million from E*TRADE Bank and $485 million from E*TRADE Securities to the parent company during the first six months of 2015. We used $432 million of corporate cash along with the net proceeds from the issuance of $460 million of corporate debt to redeem $800 million in aggregate principal amount of our higher cost corporate debt during the first quarter of 2015. This transaction decreased our annual debt service costs from $80 million to $50 million and reduced our total corporate debt to $1.0 billion. We target corporate cash to cover at least two times our scheduled annual corporate debt service payments and scheduled maturities over the next 12 months. As such, our target is approximately $100 million as we do not have any corporate debt with scheduled maturities in the next 12 months.
The senior secured revolving credit facility enhances our ability to meet liquidity needs at the parent company. During the first quarter of 2015, we increased our revolving credit facility at the parent company by an additional $50 million to a total available line of credit of $250 million. We have the ability to borrow against this revolving credit facility for working capital and general corporate purposes. Our revolving credit facility contains certain maintenance covenants, including the requirement for the parent company to maintain unrestricted cash of at least $100 million. At June 30, 2015, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility. Additionally, the parent company had $784 million in net deferred tax assets at June 30, 2015, which will ultimately become sources of corporate cash as the parent company’s subsidiaries reimburse the parent company for the use of its deferred tax assets.
Deposits
Management believes that within deposits, sweep deposits are of particular importance as they are the most stable source of liquidity for E*TRADE Bank when compared to non-sweep deposits. While in recent periods we have transferred customer sweep deposits to third party banks that participate in our ESDA program as well as to third party money market funds, we maintain the ability to transfer the majority of these off-balance sheet deposits back to E*TRADE Bank with appropriate notification to the third party financial institutions and customer consent, as appropriate. During the first quarter of 2015, we converted approximately $15.1 billion of customer assets in the ESDA program to a new sweep deposit platform that enables us to more efficiently manage our balance sheet size. We utilized this platform to direct customer sweep deposits to our

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balance sheet during the six months ended June 30, 2015. We also have the ability to generate liquidity in the form of additional deposits by raising the yield on our customer deposit products.
Refer to Other Sources of Liquidity within this section for information on additional sources of liquidity outside of deposits.
Liquidity Available from Subsidiaries
Liquidity available to us from our subsidiaries is limited by regulatory requirements. Loans by E*TRADE Bank to the parent company and its other non-bank subsidiaries are subject to various quantitative, arm’s length, collateralization and other requirements. E*TRADE Bank and its subsidiaries require regulatory approval prior to the payment of dividends to the parent company. As E*TRADE Securities is no longer a subsidiary of E*TRADE Bank, it can pay dividends to the parent company with proper regulatory notifications.
Other Sources of Liquidity
We rely on borrowed funds, from sources such as securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances, to provide liquidity for E*TRADE Bank. Our ability to borrow these funds is dependent upon the continued availability of funding in the wholesale borrowings market. In addition, we can borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window to meet short-term liquidity requirements, although it is not viewed as a primary source of funding. At June 30, 2015, E*TRADE Bank had approximately $2.4 billion and $0.9 billion in additional collateralized borrowing capacity with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank, respectively.
We have historically relied on securities lending, customer payables, a line of credit with E*TRADE Bank and committed and uncommitted lines of credit with unaffiliated banks to provide liquidity and finance margin lending at E*TRADE Clearing. In anticipation of the move of E*TRADE Clearing out from under E*TRADE Bank, during the second quarter of 2015, we focused on bolstering E*TRADE Clearing’s liquidity and capital position. E*TRADE Clearing maintains secured committed lines of credit with two unaffiliated banks, aggregating to $175 million at June 30, 2015, that are scheduled to mature in June 2016. It also maintains $375 million secured uncommitted lines of credit with several unaffiliated banks. E*TRADE Clearing recently entered into a new $345 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which brought its total liquidity lines to approximately $900 million. There were no outstanding balances for these lines at June 30, 2015. To further enhance the capital and liquidity position, E*TRADE Bank contributed $150 million of capital to E*TRADE Clearing in June 2015.
Capital Resources
Executing on our capital plan remains a priority for us. We submitted an initial capital plan to the OCC and Federal Reserve in 2012 and have subsequently updated the plan annually. The plan includes our five-year business strategy; forecasts of our business results and capital ratios; capital distribution plans in current and adverse operating conditions; and internally developed stress tests. We believe we have made important progress since we laid out our capital plan, as evidenced by:
$642 million in quarterly dividends that our regulators approved from E*TRADE Bank since 2013, including $167 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015;
regulatory approval to operate E*TRADE Bank at a 9.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio; and
the decline in FDIC insurance premiums.
We also received regulatory approval to move our U.S. broker-dealers, E*TRADE Securities and E*TRADE Clearing, out from under E*TRADE Bank. E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in February 2015 and subsequently paid dividends of $485 million to the parent company. E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015, after bolstering its standalone capital and liquidity levels. See the Other Sources of Liquidity section above for more information. The revised organizational structure provides increased capital flexibility as it enables us to dividend excess regulatory capital at our broker-dealers to the parent company. In addition, we plan to request regulatory approval to issue a dividend each quarter equivalent to E*TRADE Bank's net income from the previous quarter.
Bank Capital Requirements
The Dodd-Frank Act requires all companies, including savings and loan holding companies, that directly or indirectly control an insured depository institution to serve as a source of strength for the institution. The implementation of holding company capital requirements impacted us as the parent company was not previously subject to regulatory capital requirements. These requirements became effective for us during the first quarter of 2015, subject to a phase-in period for certain requirements over several years, as further explained below.

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In July 2013, the U.S. Federal banking agencies finalized a rule to implement Basel III in the U.S., which provides an updated framework for the calculation of a banking organization’s regulatory capital and risk-weighted assets. The Basel III rule established Common Equity Tier 1 capital as a new tier of capital, raised the minimum thresholds for required capital, increased minimum required risk-based capital ratios, narrowed the eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments, provided for new regulatory capital deductions and adjustments, and modified methods for calculating risk-weighted assets (the denominator of risk-based capital ratios) by, among other things, strengthening counterparty credit risk capital requirements. We are currently in compliance with the Basel III capital requirements now applicable to us and we have no plans to raise additional capital as a result of these new requirements.
The Basel III final rule also introduces a capital conservation buffer that limits a banking organization’s ability to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers if a banking organization fails to maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of more than 2.5%, on a fully phased-in basis, of total risk-weighted assets above each of the following minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements: Common Equity Tier 1 (4.5%), Tier 1 (6.0%), and total risk-based capital (8.0%). This requirement will begin to take effect on January 1, 2016, and will be fully phased in by 2019. Certain new regulatory deductions and adjustments are subject to a phase-in period over the next four years, beginning at 40% in 2015 and fully implemented at 100% in 2018.
Several elements of the final rule had a meaningful impact to us. The vast majority of our margin receivables qualified for 0% risk-weighting and we included a larger portion of our deferred tax assets in regulatory capital, both having a favorable impact on our current capital ratios. A portion of this benefit was offset as we are phasing out trust preferred securities from the parent company's capital. In addition, in the first quarter of 2015 we made the one-time permanent election to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") from the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 capital.

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At June 30, 2015, our regulatory capital ratios for E*TRADE Bank were well above the minimum ratios required to be "well capitalized." E*TRADE Bank's capital ratios are calculated as follows (dollars in millions):
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
June 30,
 
2015(1)
 
2014(1)
 
2014(1)
E*TRADE Bank shareholders’ equity(2)
$
4,146

 
$
6,102

 
$
5,974

Deduct:
 
 
 
 
 
Losses in other comprehensive income on available-for-sale debt securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax
(258
)
 
(255
)
 
(300
)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities
38

 
1,467

 
1,500

Disallowed deferred tax assets
82

 
342

 
450

E*TRADE Bank Tier 1 capital/Common Equity Tier 1 capital(2)(3)
4,284

 
4,548

 
4,324

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
Allowable allowance for loan losses
123

 
224

 
221

E*TRADE Bank total capital(2)
$
4,407

 
$
4,772

 
$
4,545

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Bank average/total assets(2)(4)
$
44,021

 
$
44,672

 
$
44,517

Deduct:
 
 
 
 
 
Disallowed deferred tax assets
82

 
342

 
450

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities
38

 
1,467

 
1,500

Other

 
(13
)
 
(26
)
E*TRADE Bank adjusted average/total assets for leverage capital purposes(1)
$
43,901

 
$
42,876

 
$
42,593

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Bank total risk-weighted assets(2)(5)
$
9,444

 
$
17,717

 
$
17,502

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital / Adjusted total assets for leverage capital purposes)(2)(6)
9.8
%
 
10.6
%
 
10.2
%
E*TRADE Bank Tier 1 capital / Total risk-weighted assets(2)
45.4
%
 
25.7
%
 
24.7
%
E*TRADE Bank total capital / Total risk-weighted assets(2)
46.7
%
 
26.9
%
 
26.0
%
E*TRADE Bank Common Equity Tier 1 capital(3) / Total risk-weighted assets(2)
45.4
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
(1)
Due to the change in regulatory requirements described above, the 2015 ratios were calculated under Basel III requirements and the 2014 ratios were calculated under Basel I requirements.
(2)
Amounts presented for E*TRADE Bank in 2015 exclude E*TRADE Securities as of February 1, 2015, the date the subsidiary was transferred out from under E*TRADE Bank.
(3)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital under Basel III replaced Tier 1 common capital. Prior to Basel III becoming effective, E*TRADE Bank’s Tier 1 common ratio was a non-GAAP measure that management believes is an important measure of capital strength. E*TRADE Bank's Tier 1 common ratio was 25.7% and 24.7% as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, respectively.
(4)
As of June 30, 2015, E*TRADE Bank’s Tier 1 Leverage ratio was calculated using average total assets. Prior to Basel III becoming effective for E*TRADE Bank, E*TRADE Bank’s Tier 1 Leverage ratio was calculated using end of period total assets.
(5)
Under the regulatory guidelines for risk-based capital, on-balance sheet assets and credit equivalent amounts of derivatives and off-balance sheet items are assigned to one of several broad risk categories according to the obligor or, if relevant, the guarantor or the nature of any collateral. The aggregate dollar amount in each risk category is then multiplied by the risk weight associated with that category. The resulting weighted values from each of the risk categories are aggregated for determining total risk-weighted assets. Due to the change in regulatory requirements described above, in 2015 the vast majority of our margin receivables qualified for 0% risk-weighting.
(6)
E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015. Excluding E*TRADE Clearing as of June 30, 2015, E*TRADE Bank's Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.3%.


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At June 30, 2015, our regulatory capital ratios for E*TRADE Financial were well above the minimum ratios required to be "well capitalized." E*TRADE Financial's capital ratios are calculated as follows (dollars in millions):
.
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
June 30,
 
2015(1)
 
2014(1)
 
2014(1)
E*TRADE Financial shareholders’ equity
$
5,714

 
$
5,375

 
$
5,188

Deduct:
 
 
 
 
 
Losses in other comprehensive income on available-for-sale debt securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax
(259
)
 
(255
)
 
(300
)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities
1,441

 
1,592

 
1,626

Disallowed deferred tax assets
827

 
1,008

 
1,097

Other(2)
(108
)
 

 

E*TRADE Financial Common Equity Tier 1 capital(3)
3,813

 
3,030

 
2,765

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
Qualifying restricted core capital elements (trust preferred
securities)(2)

 
433

 
433

E*TRADE Financial Tier 1 capital
3,813

 
3,463

 
3,198

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
Allowable allowance for loan losses
136

 
223

 
221

Non-qualifying capital instruments subject to phase-out (trust preferred securities)(2)
325

 

 

E*TRADE Financial total capital
$
4,274

 
$
3,686

 
$
3,419

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Financial average total assets
$
47,133

 
$
45,445

 
$
45,598

Deduct:
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities
1,441

 
1,592

 
1,626

Disallowed deferred tax assets
827

 
1,008

 
1,097

Other(2)
(108
)
 

 

E*TRADE Financial adjusted average total assets for leverage capital purposes
$
44,973

 
$
42,845

 
$
42,875

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Financial total risk-weighted assets(4)
$
10,103

 
$
17,683

 
$
17,510

 
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Financial Tier 1 leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital / Adjusted average total assets for leverage capital purposes)
8.5
%
 
8.1
%
 
7.5
%
E*TRADE Financial Tier 1 capital / Total risk-weighted assets
37.7
%
 
19.6
%
 
18.3
%
E*TRADE Financial total capital / Total risk-weighted assets
42.3
%
 
20.8
%
 
19.5
%
E*TRADE Financial Common Equity Tier 1 capital(3) / Total risk-weighted assets
37.7
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

(1)
Due to the change in regulatory requirements described above, the 2015 ratios were calculated under Basel III requirements. The 2014 capital ratios were non-GAAP measures as the parent company was not yet held to regulatory capital requirements and were calculated based on the Federal Reserve’s well-capitalized requirements then applicable to bank holding companies. Management believes the non-GAAP ratios are an important measure of the Company's capital strength and managed capital against ratios then applicable to bank holding companies in preparation for the application of these requirements.
(2)
As a result of applying the transition provisions under Basel III, the Company included 25% of the trust preferred securities ("TRUPs") in the calculation of E*TRADE Financial’s Tier 1 capital and 75% of the TRUPs in the calculation of E*TRADE Financial’s total capital. Prior to Basel III becoming effective for E*TRADE Financial, the Company included 100% of the TRUPs in E*TRADE Financial’s Tier 1 capital due to the regulatory agencies’ delay in the implementation of the TRUPs phase-out until January 1, 2015.
(3)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital under Basel III replaced Tier 1 common capital. E*TRADE Financial's Tier 1 common ratio was 17.1% and 15.8% as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, respectively.
(4)
Under the regulatory guidelines for risk-based capital, on-balance sheet assets and credit equivalent amounts of derivatives and off-balance sheet items are assigned to one of several broad risk categories according to the obligor or, if relevant, the guarantor or the nature of any collateral. The aggregate dollar amount in each risk category is then multiplied by the risk weight associated with that category. The resulting weighted values from each of the risk categories are aggregated for determining total risk-weighted assets. Due to the change in regulatory requirements described above, in 2015 the vast majority of our margin receivables qualified for 0% risk-weighting.

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Broker-Dealer Capital Requirements
Our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to capital requirements determined by their respective regulators. At June 30, 2015, all of our brokerage subsidiaries met their minimum net capital requirements, ending the period with excess net capital of $865 million.
As E*TRADE Clearing is a subsidiary of E*TRADE Bank, the $792 million of excess net capital at E*TRADE Clearing was also included in the capital of E*TRADE Bank at June 30, 2015. E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015. Prior to this move, E*TRADE Bank contributed $150 million of capital to E*TRADE Clearing in June 2015.

Stress Testing
On October 9, 2012, the U.S. Federal banking agencies, including the OCC and the Federal Reserve, issued final rules implementing provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that require banking organizations with total consolidated assets of more than $10 billion but less than $50 billion to conduct annual company-run stress tests, report the results to their primary federal regulator and the Federal Reserve and publish a summary of the results. Under the rules, stress tests must be conducted using certain scenarios (baseline, adverse and severely adverse), which the OCC and Federal Reserve will publish by November 15 of each year.
Under the OCC stress test regulations, E*TRADE Bank is required to conduct stress testing using the prescribed stress-testing methodologies. E*TRADE Bank submitted the results of its second annual stress test prior to March 31, 2015, as required. In the second quarter of 2015 we received feedback from the OCC on our stress test submission, noting the high level result that we remained well above the regulatory well-capitalized levels for all capital ratios across all scenarios. We are satisfied with the feedback around our stress testing process, approach and methodologies.
Under the final Federal Reserve regulations, the parent company will be required to conduct its first stress test using financial statement data as of September 30, 2016. We will be required to report the results of its first stress test to the Federal Reserve on or before March 31, 2017, and to disclose a summary of its first stress test results between June 15 and June 30, 2017.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We enter into various off-balance-sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business, primarily to meet the needs of our customers and to reduce our own exposure to interest rate risk. These arrangements include firm commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Additionally, we enter into guarantees and other similar arrangements as part of transactions in the ordinary course of business. For additional information on each of these arrangements, see Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
RISK MANAGEMENT
As a financial services company, our business exposes us to certain risks. The identification, mitigation and management of existing and potential risks are keys to effective enterprise risk management. There are certain risks that are inherent to our business (e.g. execution of transactions) whereas other risks will present themselves through the conduct of that business. We seek to monitor and manage our significant risk exposures through a set of board approved limits as well as Key Risk Indicators or metrics. We have in place a governance framework that regularly reports metrics, major risks and exposures to senior management and the Board of Directors. In 2015, we will continue to demonstrate the sustainability of our risk management culture and capabilities. As of June 1, 2014, our risk management framework became required to satisfy the risk committee requirement for publicly traded bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of greater than $10 billion and less than $50 billion, contained in the Federal Reserve’s enhanced prudential standards for bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations. Our framework, as described below, is in compliance with all applicable requirements.
We have a Board-approved Risk Appetite Statement ("RAS") which we disseminate to employees. The RAS specifies the significant risks we are exposed to and our tolerance of those risks. As described in the RAS, our business exposes us to the following eight major categories of risk:
Credit Risk—the risk of loss arising from the inability or failure of a borrower or counterparty to meet its credit obligations.
Interest Rate Risk—the risk to earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates. This includes convexity risk, which arises primarily from the mortgage holders' option to prepay their mortgages and deposit holders' option to withdraw their deposits.
Liquidity Risk—the potential inability to meet contractual and contingent financial obligations either on- or off-balance sheet, as they come due.

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Market Risk—the risk that asset values or income streams will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions.
Operational Risk—the risk of loss due to failure of people, processes and systems, or damage to physical assets caused by unexpected events.
Strategic Risk—the risk of loss of market size, market share or margin in any business, leading to lost revenues and potentially significant reductions to net income.
Reputational Risk—the potential that negative perceptions regarding our conduct or business practices will adversely affect valuation, profitability, operations or customer base or require costly litigation or other measures.
Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risk—the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or non-conformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies, and procedures, or ethical standards.
For additional information about our interest rate risk, see Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. For additional information on liquidity risk, see Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Market risk, operational risk, strategic risk, reputational risk and legal, regulatory and compliance risk and the management of risk are more fully described in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. We are also subject to other risks that could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in future periods. See Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Credit Risk Management
Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability or failure of a borrower or counterparty to meet its credit obligations. We are exposed to credit risk in the following areas:
We hold credit risk exposure in our loan portfolio. We are not currently originating or purchasing loans, and we are continuing our strategy of reducing balance sheet risk through loan portfolio run-off.
We extend margin loans to our brokerage customers which exposes us to the risk of credit losses in the event we cannot liquidate collateral during significant market movements.
We engage in financial transactions with counterparties which expose us to credit losses in the event a counterparty cannot meet its obligations. These financial transactions include our invested cash, securities lending, repurchase agreements and derivatives contracts, as well as the settlement of trades.
Credit risk is monitored by our Credit Committee, whose objective is to evaluate current and expected credit performance of the Company’s loans, investments, borrowers and counterparties relative to market conditions and the probable impact on the Company’s financial performance. The Credit Committee establishes credit risk guidelines in accordance with the Company’s strategic objectives and existing policies. The Credit Committee reviews investment and lending activities involving credit risk to ensure consistency with those established guidelines. These reviews involve an analysis of portfolio balances, delinquencies, losses, recoveries, default management and collateral liquidation performance, as well as any credit risk mitigation efforts relating to the portfolios. In addition, the Credit Committee reviews and approves credit related counterparties engaged in financial transactions with the Company.
Loss Mitigation on the Loan Portfolio
Our credit risk operations team focuses on the mitigation of potential losses in the loan portfolio. Through a variety of strategies, including voluntary line closures, automatically freezing lines on all delinquent accounts, and freezing lines on loans with materially reduced home equity, we reduced our exposure to open home equity lines from a high of over $7 billion in 2007 to $110 million at June 30, 2015.

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We have loan modification programs that focus on the mitigation of potential losses in the one- to four- family and home equity mortgage loan portfolio by targeting borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, we modified $8 million and $13 million, respectively, of one- to four-family loans and $6 million and $10 million, respectively, of home equity loans, under these programs in which the modifications were considered TDRs. We also recently offered a loan modification program to a subset of borrowers with home equity lines of credit whose original loan terms provided the borrowers the option to accelerate their date of conversion to amortizing loans. As certain terms of our offer represented economic concessions, such as longer amortization periods than were in the original loan agreements, this program resulted in $14 million of TDRs and $44 million of modifications not classified as TDRs during the first quarter of 2015. Loan modification volume may increase in future periods to mitigate potential losses as the volume of mortgage loans reaching the end of their interest-only period increases.
We also process minor modifications on a number of loans through traditional collections actions taken in the normal course of servicing delinquent accounts. Minor modifications resulting in an insignificant delay in the timing of payments are not considered economic concessions and therefore are not classified as TDRs. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $23 million and $25 million, respectively, of mortgage loans with minor modifications that were not considered TDRs. Approximately 10% and 5% of these loans were classified as nonperforming at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. We currently do not have any active loan modification program for consumer and other loans.
Currently, our entire loans receivable portfolio is serviced by other companies. To reduce vendor operational and regulatory risk, we have an initiative to assess our servicing relationships and, where appropriate, consolidate loan servicing or transfer certain mortgage loans to servicers that specialize in managing troubled assets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, we completed servicer transfers of $0.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, of mortgage loans as a result of this initiative. At June 30, 2015, $3.6 billion gross unpaid principal balance of our mortgage loans were held at servicers that specialize in managing troubled assets. We believe this initiative has improved and will continue to improve the credit performance of the loans transferred compared to the expected credit performance of these same loans if they had not been transferred.
We continue to review the mortgage loan portfolio in order to identify loans to be repurchased by the originator; however, we consider this effort to be substantially complete. Our review has primarily focused on identifying loans with violations of transaction representations and warranties or material misrepresentation on the part of the seller. Any loans identified with these deficiencies are submitted to the original seller for repurchase. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, we received one-time payments of $2 million and $11 million, respectively, from certain third party mortgage originators to satisfy in full all pending and future repurchase requests with them. We recognized these settlements as recoveries to the allowance for loan losses, resulting in a corresponding reduction to net charge-offs as well as our provision for loan losses. Approximately $4 million of loans were repurchased by or settled with the original sellers during the six months ended June 30, 2015, for a total of $461 million of loans that were repurchased, including global settlements, since we actively started reviewing our purchased loan portfolio beginning in 2008.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Loans
One- to four-family loans include interest-only loans for a five to ten year period, followed by an amortizing period ranging from 20 to 25 years. At June 30, 2015, 40% of our one- to four-family portfolio were not yet amortizing. However, during the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2015, approximately 17% of these borrowers made voluntary annual principal payments of at least $2,500 and slightly over a third of those borrowers made voluntary annual principal payments of at least $10,000.
The home equity loan portfolio is primarily second lien loans on residential real estate properties, which have a higher level of credit risk than first lien mortgage loans. Approximately 13% of the home equity loan portfolio was in the first lien position and we held both the first and second lien positions in less than 1% of the home equity loan portfolio at June 30, 2015. The home equity loan portfolio consisted of approximately 18% of home equity installment loans and approximately 82% of home equity lines of credit at June 30, 2015.
Home equity installment loans are primarily fixed rate and fixed term, fully amortizing loans that do not offer the option of an interest-only payment. The majority of home equity lines of credit convert to amortizing loans at the end of the draw period, which typically ranges from five to ten years. Approximately 6% of this portfolio will require the borrowers to repay the loan in full at the end of the draw period, commonly referred to as "balloon loans." At June 30, 2015, 72% of the home equity line of credit portfolio had not converted from the interest-only draw period and had not begun amortizing. However, during the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2015, approximately 40% of these borrowers made annual principal payments of at least $500 on their home equity lines of credit and slightly under half of those borrowers reduced their principal balance by at least $2,500.

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The following table outlines when one- to four-family and home equity lines of credit convert to amortizing by percentage of the one- to four-family and home equity line of credit portfolios, respectively, at June 30, 2015: 
Period of Conversion to Amortizing Loan
% of One- to Four-Family
Portfolio
 
% of Home Equity Line of
Credit Portfolio
Already amortizing
60%
 
28%
Through December 31, 2015
2%
 
14%
Year ending December 31, 2016
16%
 
43%
Year ending December 31, 2017
22%
 
14%
Year ending December 31, 2018 or later
—%
 
1%
We track and review factors to predict and monitor credit risk in the mortgage loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. These factors include: loan type, estimated current LTV/CLTV ratios, delinquency history, borrowers’ current credit scores, housing prices, loan vintage and geographic location of the property. We believe the LTV/CLTV ratios and credit scores are the key factors in determining future loan performance. The factors are updated on at least a quarterly basis. For the consumer and other loan portfolio, we track and review delinquency status to predict and monitor credit risk on at least a quarterly basis.
The following tables show the distribution of the mortgage loan portfolios by credit risk factor at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
  
One- to Four-Family
 
Home Equity
Current LTV/CLTV (1)
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
<=80%
$
1,604

 
$
1,757

 
$
936

 
$
1,081

80%-100%
703

 
807

 
621

 
755

100%-120%
297

 
311

 
492

 
557

>120%
173

 
185

 
404

 
441

Total mortgage loans receivable
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

 
$
2,453

 
$
2,834

Average estimated current LTV/CLTV (2)
79
%
 
79
%
 
93
%
 
92
%
Average LTV/CLTV at loan origination (3)
71
%
 
71
%
 
81
%
 
80
%
 
(1)
Current CLTV calculations for home equity loans are based on the maximum available line for home equity lines of credit and outstanding principal balance for home equity installment loans. For home equity loans in the second lien position, the original balance of the first lien loan at origination date and updated valuations on the property underlying the loan are used to calculate CLTV. Current property values are updated on a quarterly basis using the most recent property value data available to us. For properties in which we did not have an updated valuation, we utilized home price indices to estimate the current property value.
(2)
The average estimated current LTV/CLTV ratio reflects the outstanding balance at the balance sheet date and the maximum available line for home equity lines of credit, divided by the estimated current value of the underlying property.
(3)
Average LTV/CLTV at loan origination calculations are based on LTV/CLTV at time of purchase for one- to four-family purchased loans and home equity installment loans and maximum available line for home equity lines of credit.
  
One- to Four-Family
 
Home Equity
Current FICO (1)
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
>=720
$
1,583

 
$
1,734

 
$
1,286

 
$
1,487

719 - 700
264

 
296

 
252

 
292

699 - 680
225

 
260

 
212

 
238

679 - 660
182

 
197

 
168

 
203

659 - 620
211

 
237

 
230

 
258

<620
312

 
336

 
305

 
356

Total mortgage loans receivable
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

 
$
2,453

 
$
2,834

(1)
FICO scores are updated on a quarterly basis; however, there were approximately $43 million and $49 million of one- to four-family loans at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and $3 million and $4 million of home equity loans, respectively, for which the updated FICO scores were not available. For these loans, the current FICO distribution included the most recent FICO scores where available, otherwise the original FICO score was used.
The average age of our mortgage loans receivable was 9.4 and 8.9 years at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Approximately 38% of our mortgage loans receivable were concentrated in California at both June 30, 2015 and

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December 31, 2014. No other state had concentrations of mortgage loans that represented 10% or more of our mortgage loans receivable at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date, as well as the forecasted losses, including economic concessions to borrowers, over the estimated remaining life of loans modified as TDRs. The general allowance for loan losses includes a qualitative component to account for a variety of factors that present additional uncertainty that may not be fully considered in the quantitative loss model but are factors we believe may impact the level of credit losses. For additional information on management's estimate of the allowance for loan losses, see Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following table presents the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
One- to Four-Family
 
Home Equity
 
Consumer and Other
 
Total
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
General reserve:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quantitative component
$
35

 
$
11

 
$
278

 
$
281

 
$
8

 
$
9

 
$
321

 
$
301

Qualitative component
2

 
7

 
11

 
29

 

 
1

 
13

 
37

Specific valuation allowance
12

 
9

 
56

 
57

 

 

 
68

 
66

Total allowance for loan losses
$
49


$
27


$
345


$
367


$
8


$
10


$
402


$
404

Allowance as a % of loans
receivable
(1)
1.8
%
 
0.9
%
 
14.0
%
 
12.9
%
 
2.0
%
 
2.1
%
 
7.1
%
 
6.3
%
 
(1)
Allowance as a percentage of loans receivable is calculated based on the gross loans receivable including net unamortized premiums for each respective category.
During the three months ended June 30, 2015, we enhanced our modeling practices for forecasting loan losses for our one- to four-family and home equity loan portfolios. We implemented a new loss forecasting model; however, there were no material changes in assumptions and methodologies in the new model and the implementation did not have a material impact on our allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. The implementation process triggered a re-evaluation of the time period of forecasted loan losses included in the general allowance. Based on our review of recent loan performance, current economic conditions and their impact on borrower behavior, we extended the loss emergence period from 12 months to 18 months for both portfolios. The extended emergence period resulted in approximately $40 million of additional allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. For the one- to four-family loan portfolio, we also enhanced our quantitative allowance methodology during the three months ended June 30, 2015 to identify higher risk interest-only loans and extended the period of our forecasted loan losses captured within the general allowance to include the total probable loss over the remaining life on a subset of this portfolio. These changes largely offset both of the following:
better than expected loan performance, as evidenced by favorable delinquency trends, faster prepayments across the portfolios and lower than expected defaults on balloon loans maturing during the quarter; and
the resolution of uncertainties related to servicer transfers, which drove the majority of the decrease in the qualitative component.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
TDRs include two categories of loans: (1) loan modifications completed under our loss mitigation programs in which economic concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and (2) loans that have been charged-off based on the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs due to bankruptcy notification even if the loan has not been modified under the Company’s programs. The following table shows total TDRs by category at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):

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Loans Modified
as TDRs(1)
 
Bankruptcy
Loans
 
Total TDRs
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
179

 
$
125

 
$
304

Home equity
173

 
43

 
216

Total
$
352

 
$
168

 
$
520

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 

One- to four-family
$
185

 
$
131

 
$
316

Home equity
169

 
48

 
217

Total
$
354

 
$
179

 
$
533


(1)
Includes loans modified as TDRs that also had received a bankruptcy notification of $44 million and $42 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The following table shows total TDRs by delinquency category at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
TDRs
Current
 
TDRs 30-89
Days
Delinquent
 
TDRs 90-179
Days
Delinquent
 
TDRs 180+
Days
Delinquent
 
Total Recorded
Investment
in
TDRs
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
225

 
$
23

 
$
5

 
$
51

 
$
304

Home equity
176

 
14

 
7

 
19

 
216

Total
$
401

 
$
37

 
$
12

 
$
70

 
$
520

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
232

 
$
24

 
$
12

 
$
48

 
$
316

Home equity
178

 
14

 
6

 
19

 
217

Total
$
410

 
$
38

 
$
18

 
$
67

 
$
533

TDRs on accrual status, which are current and have made six or more consecutive payments, were $228 million and $248 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Troubled Debt Restructurings – Loan Modifications
We believe the distinction between loans modified as TDRs and total TDRs, which include bankruptcy loans, is important. Our loan modification programs focus on the mitigation of potential losses through making an economic concession to a borrower, whereas with loans for which we have received bankruptcy notification we have not taken any loss mitigation actions. The following table shows loans modified as TDRs by delinquency category at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Modifications
Current
 
Modifications
30-89 Days
Delinquent
 
Modifications
90-179 Days
Delinquent
 
Modifications
180+ Days
Delinquent
 
Total Recorded
Investment in
Modifications
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
147

 
$
12

 
$
2

 
$
18

 
$
179

Home equity
149

 
10

 
5

 
9

 
173

Total
$
296

 
$
22

 
$
7

 
$
27

 
$
352

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
152

 
$
14

 
$
7

 
$
12

 
$
185

Home equity
145

 
10

 
5

 
9

 
169

Total
$
297

 
$
24

 
$
12

 
$
21

 
$
354


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Table of Contents    

The following table shows loans modified as TDRs and the specific valuation allowance by loan portfolio as well as the percentage of total expected losses at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Recorded
Investment in
Modifications
before 
Charge-offs
 
Charge-offs
 
Recorded
Investment in
Modifications
 
Specific
Valuation
Allowance
 
Net Investment in
Modifications
 
Specific Valuation
Allowance as a %
of Modifications
 
Total
Expected
Losses
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
225

 
$
(46
)
 
$
179

 
$
(12
)
 
$
167

 
7
%
 
25
%
Home equity
301

 
(128
)
 
173

 
(56
)
 
117

 
32
%
 
61
%
Total
$
526

 
$
(174
)
 
$
352

 
$
(68
)
 
$
284

 
19
%
 
46
%
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
231

 
$
(46
)
 
$
185

 
$
(9
)
 
$
176

 
5
%
 
24
%
Home equity
305

 
(136
)
 
169

 
(57
)
 
112

 
34
%
 
63
%
Total
$
536

 
$
(182
)
 
$
354

 
$
(66
)
 
$
288

 
19
%
 
46
%
The recorded investment in loans modified as TDRs includes the charge-offs related to certain loans that were written down to the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. These charge-offs were recorded on modified loans that were delinquent in excess of 180 days, in bankruptcy, or when certain characteristics of the loan, including CLTV, borrower’s credit and type of modification, cast substantial doubt on the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.
Included in allowance for loan losses was a specific valuation allowance of $68 million and $66 million that was established for loans modified as TDRs at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The specific valuation allowance for these individually impaired loans represents the forecasted losses over the remaining life of the loan, including the economic concession to the borrower.
The total expected loss on loans modified as TDRs includes both the previously recorded charge-offs and the specific valuation allowance. Total expected losses on loans modified as TDRs remained at 46% as a percentage of total recorded investments in modifications before charge-offs at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

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Net Charge-offs
The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries(1)
 
Net Charge-Offs
 
% of Average Loans (Annualized)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
0.32
%
Home equity
(9
)
 
9

 

 
%
Consumer and Other
(3
)
 
2

 
(1
)
 
0.66
%
Total
$
(14
)
 
$
11

 
$
(3
)
 
0.20
%
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$

 
$

 
$

 
%
Home equity
(17
)
 
6

 
(11
)
 
1.37
%
Consumer and Other
(4
)
 
1

 
(3
)
 
1.31
%
Total
$
(21
)
 
$
7

 
$
(14
)
 
0.71
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries(1)
 
Net Charge-Offs
 
% of Average Loans (Annualized)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$
(3
)
 
0.21
%
Home equity
(19
)
 
14

 
(5
)
 
0.35
%
Consumer and Other
(6
)
 
4

 
(2
)
 
0.81
%
Total
$
(28
)
 
$
18

 
$
(10
)
 
0.32
%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
(43
)
 
$
11

 
$
(32
)
 
1.68
%
Home equity
(41
)
 
11

 
(30
)
 
1.79
%
Consumer and Other
(9
)
 
3

 
(6
)
 
1.70
%
Total
$
(93
)
 
$
25

 
$
(68
)
 
1.73
%
(1)
Recoveries include the impact of mortgage originator settlements.
Loan losses are recognized when, based on management's estimate, it is probable that a loss has been incurred. The charge-off policy for both one- to four-family and home equity loans is to assess the value of the property when the loan has been delinquent for 180 days or has received bankruptcy notification, regardless of whether or not the property is in foreclosure, and charge off the amount of the loan balance in excess of the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. Modified loans considered TDRs are charged off when they are identified as collateral dependent based on certain terms of the modification, which includes assigning a higher level of risk to loans in which the LTV or CLTV is greater than 110% or 125%, respectively, a borrower’s credit score is less than 600 and certain types of modifications, such as interest-only payments. Closed-end consumer loans are charged off when the loan has been 120 days delinquent or when it is determined that collection is not probable.
Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014 decreased by $11 million and $58 million, respectively. The higher net charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2014 was mainly due to a charge-off of $42 million related to our transfer of one- to four-family loans modified as TDRs to held-for-sale. Additionally, net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 included $2 million and $11 million of benefit recorded from settlements with third party mortgage originators, respectively. The decrease in net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to 2014 also reflected the improving economic conditions, as evidenced by home price improvement and portfolio run-off. The timing and magnitude of charge-offs are affected by many factors and we anticipate variability from quarter to quarter, particularly as home equity lines of credit begin converting to amortizing loans.

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Table of Contents    

Delinquent Loans
We believe the distinction between loans delinquent 90 to 179 days and loans delinquent 180 days and greater is important as loans delinquent 180 days and greater have been written down to their expected recovery value, whereas loans delinquent 90 to 179 days have not (unless they are in process of bankruptcy or are modifications that have substantial doubt as to the borrower’s ability to repay the loan). We believe loans delinquent 90 to 179 days are an important measure because these loans will likely be charged off. Additional charge-offs on loans delinquent 180 days and greater are possible if home prices decline beyond current expectations, but we do not anticipate these charge-offs to be significant. The following table shows the comparative data for loans delinquent 90 to 179 days at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
One- to four-family
$
17

 
$
28

Home equity
33

 
29

Consumer and other
1

 
1

Total loans delinquent 90-179 days
$
51

 
$
58

Loans delinquent 90-179 days as a percentage of gross loans receivable
0.9
%
 
0.9
%
In addition, we monitor loans in which a borrower’s current credit history casts doubt on their ability to repay a loan. We classify loans as special mention when they are between 30 and 89 days past due. The following table shows the comparative data for special mention loans at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
One- to four-family
$
76

 
$
88

Home equity
61

 
60

Consumer and other
6

 
7

Total special mention loans
$
143

 
$
155

Special mention loans receivable as a percentage of gross loans receivable
2.5
%
 
2.4
%
The trend in special mention loan balances is generally indicative of the expected trend for charge-offs in future periods, as these loans have a greater propensity to migrate into nonaccrual status and ultimately charge-off. One- to four-family loans are generally secured in a first lien position by real estate assets, reducing the potential loss when compared to an unsecured loan. Home equity loans are generally secured by real estate assets; however, the majority of these loans are secured in a second lien position, which substantially increases the potential loss when compared to a first lien position. The loss severity of our second lien home equity loans was approximately 94% for a trailing twelve-month period as of June 30, 2015.
Nonperforming Assets
We classify loans as nonperforming when they are no longer accruing interest, which includes loans that are 90 days and greater past due, TDRs that are on nonaccrual status for all classes of loans (including loans in bankruptcy) and certain junior liens that have a delinquent senior lien. The following table shows the comparative data for nonperforming loans and assets at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents    

 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
One- to four-family
$
282

 
$
294

Home equity
169

 
165

Consumer and other
1

 
1

Total nonperforming loans receivable
452

 
460

Real estate owned and other repossessed assets, net
27

 
38

Total nonperforming assets, net
$
479

 
$
498

Nonperforming loans receivable as a percentage of gross loans receivable
8.0
%
 
7.2
%
One- to four-family allowance for loan losses as a percentage of one- to four-family nonperforming loans receivable
17.4
%
 
9.1
%
Home equity allowance for loan losses as a percentage of home equity nonperforming loans receivable
203.7
%
 
222.5
%
Consumer and other allowance for loan losses as a percentage of consumer and other nonperforming loans receivable
1,410.0
%
 
774.6
%
Total allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans receivable
89.0
%
 
87.8
%
Nonperforming assets, net decreased by $19 million to $479 million at June 30, 2015 when compared to December 31, 2014. This decrease reflected continued improvement in economic conditions and loan portfolio run-off. It was partially offset by an increase in the non-performing home equity lines of credit resulting from a loan modification program offered by the Company during the first quarter of 2015.
Securities
We focus primarily on security type and credit rating to monitor credit risk in our securities portfolios. We consider securities backed by the U.S. government or its agencies to have low credit risk as the long-term debt rating of the U.S. government is AA+ by S&P and AAA by Moody’s and Fitch at June 30, 2015. The amortized cost of these securities accounted for over 99% of our total securities portfolio at June 30, 2015. We review the remaining debt securities that were not backed by the U.S. government or its agencies according to their credit ratings from S&P, Moody’s and Fitch where available. At June 30, 2015, all municipal bonds and corporate bonds were rated investment grade (defined as a rating equivalent to a Moody’s rating of "Baa3" or higher, or a S&P or Fitch rating of "BBB-" or higher).
SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. Note 1—Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 contains a summary of our significant accounting policies, many of which require the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and related notes for the periods presented. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, the following are critical because they are based on estimates and assumptions that require complex and subjective judgments by management: allowance for loan losses; valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets; estimates of effective tax rates, deferred taxes and valuation allowance; classification and valuation of certain investments; accounting for derivative instruments; and fair value measurements. Changes in these estimates or assumptions could materially impact our financial condition and results of operations, and actual results could differ from our estimates. We updated our accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses as of and for the period ended June 30, 2015 to reflect significant changes in management's estimates and assumptions. Our remaining critical accounting policies are more fully described in Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Description
The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. In determining the adequacy of the allowance, we perform ongoing evaluations of the loan portfolio and loss forecasting assumptions. As of June 30, 2015, the allowance for loan losses was $402 million on $5.6 billion of total loans receivable designated as held-for-investment.

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Table of Contents    

Judgments
Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for loan losses in future periods. For loans that are not TDRs, we established a general allowance and we evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment: one- to four-family, home equity and consumer and other. For modified loans accounted for as TDRs that are valued using the discounted cash flow model, we established a specific allowance by forecasting losses, including economic concessions to borrowers, over the estimated remaining life of these loans.
The estimate of the allowance for loan losses continues to be based on a variety of quantitative and qualitative factors, including:
the composition and quality of the portfolio;
delinquency levels and trends;
current and historical charge-off and loss experience;
our historical loss mitigation experience;
the condition of the real estate market and geographic concentrations within the loan portfolio;
the interest rate climate;
the overall availability of housing credit; and
general economic conditions.

During the three months ended June 30, 2015, we enhanced our modeling practices for forecasting loan losses in our one- to four-family and home equity loan portfolios. We implemented a new loss forecasting model; however, there were no material changes in assumptions and methodologies in the new model and the implementation did not have a material impact on our allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. The implementation process triggered a re-evaluation of the time period of forecasted loan losses included in the general allowance. Based on our review of recent loan performance, current economic conditions and their impact on borrower behavior, we extended the loss emergence period from 12 months to 18 months for both portfolios. The extended emergence period resulted in approximately $40 million of additional allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. For the one- to four-family loan portfolio, we also enhanced our quantitative allowance methodology during the three months ended June 30, 2015 to identify higher risk interest-only loans and extended the period of our forecasted loan losses captured within the general allowance to include the total probable loss over the remaining life on a subset of this portfolio. These changes largely offset both of the following:

better than expected loan performance, as evidenced by favorable delinquency trends, faster prepayments across the portfolios and lower than expected defaults on balloon loans maturing during the quarter; and
the resolution of uncertainties related to servicer transfers, which drove the majority of the decrease in the qualitative component.
The new loss forecasting model continues to be sensitive to key risk factors within our one- to four-family and home equity loan portfolios, which include but are not limited to loan type, delinquency history, LTV/CLTV ratio and borrowers’ credit scores and the forecasted loan losses are estimated based on these types of loan-level attributes. We utilize historical mortgage loan performance data to develop the forecast of delinquency and default for these risk segments. We also continue to include the total probable loss over the remaining life on a subset of higher risk equity lines of credit, including balloon loans, in the general allowance.
The general allowance for loan losses also included a qualitative component to account for a variety of factors that present additional uncertainty that may not be fully considered in the quantitative loss model but are factors we believe may impact the level of credit losses. We utilize a qualitative factor framework whereby, on a quarterly basis, management assesses the risk associated with three main factors: external factors, internal factors, and portfolio specific factors. The uncertainty related to these factors may expand over time, temporarily increasing the qualitative component in advance of the more precise identification of these probable losses being captured within the quantitative component of the general allowance. The total qualitative component was $13 million and $37 million as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

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Table of Contents    

Effects if Actual Results Differ
Historic volatility in the credit markets has substantially increased the complexity and uncertainty involved in estimating the losses inherent in the loan portfolio. In the current market, it is difficult to estimate how potential changes in the quantitative and qualitative factors, including the impact of home equity lines of credit converting from interest only to amortizing loans or requiring borrowers to repay the loan in full at the end of the draw period, might impact the allowance for loan losses. If our underlying assumptions and judgments prove to be inaccurate, the allowance for loan losses could be insufficient to cover actual losses. We may be required under such circumstances to further increase the provision for loan losses, which could have an adverse effect on the regulatory capital position and results of operations in future periods.
During the normal course of conducting examinations, our banking regulators, the OCC and Federal Reserve, continue to review our business and practices. This process is dynamic and ongoing and we cannot be certain that additional changes or actions will not result from their continuing review.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Active accounts—Accounts with a balance of $25 or more or a trade in the last six months.
Active customers—Customers that have an account with a balance of $25 or more or a trade in the last six months.
Active trader—The customer group that includes those who execute 30 or more trades per quarter.
Adjusted average total assets—Assets composed of average total assets plus/(less) unrealized losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities and cash flow hedges, less disallowed deferred tax assets, goodwill and certain other intangible assets, and other applicable adjustments.
Agency—U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies, such as Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Government National Mortgage Association, the Small Business Administration and the Federal Home Loan Bank.
ALCO—Asset Liability Committee.
Average commission per trade—Total trading and investing segment commissions revenue divided by total number of revenue trades.
Average equity to average total assets—Average total shareholders’ equity divided by average total assets.
Basis point—One one-hundredth of a percentage point.
BCBS—International Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Brokerage account attrition rate—Attriting brokerage accounts, which are gross new brokerage accounts less net new brokerage accounts, divided by total brokerage accounts at the previous period end.
Brokerage related cash—Customer sweep deposits held at banking subsidiaries, customer payables and customer assets held by third parties.
Cash flow hedge—A derivative instrument designated in a hedging relationship that mitigates exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to a particular risk.
CFTC—Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Charge-off—The result of removing a loan or portion of a loan from an entity’s balance sheet because the loan is considered to be uncollectible.
CLTV—Combined loan-to-value.
CMOs—Collateralized mortgage obligations.
Consumer loans—Loans that are secured by real personal property, such as recreational vehicles.
Corporate cash—Cash held at the parent company as well as cash held in certain subsidiaries that can distribute cash to the parent company without any regulatory approval or notification.
Customer assets—Market value of all customer assets held by the Company including security holdings, deposits and customer payables, as well as customer assets held by third parties and vested unexercised options.
Daily average revenue trades ("DARTs")—Total revenue trades in a period divided by the number of trading days during that period.

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Derivative—A financial instrument or other contract, the price of which is directly dependent upon the value of one or more underlying securities, interest rates or any agreed upon pricing index. Derivatives cover a wide assortment of financial contracts, including options and swaps.
Economic Value of Equity ("EVE")—The present value of expected cash inflows from existing assets, minus the present value of expected cash outflows from existing liabilities, plus the expected cash inflows and outflows from existing derivatives and forward commitments. This calculation is performed for E*TRADE Bank.
Enterprise interest-bearing liabilities—Liabilities such as customer deposits, repurchase agreements, FHLB advances and other borrowings, certain customer credit balances and securities loaned programs on which the Company pays interest; excludes customer money market balances held by third parties.
Enterprise interest-earning assets—Assets such as loans, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, margin receivables, securities borrowed balances and cash and investments required to be segregated under regulatory guidelines that earn interest for the Company.
Enterprise net interest income—The taxable equivalent basis net operating interest income excluding corporate interest income and corporate interest expense.
Enterprise net interest margin—The enterprise net operating interest income divided by total enterprise interest-earning assets.
Enterprise net interest spread—The taxable equivalent rate earned on average enterprise interest-earning assets less the rate paid on average enterprise interest-bearing liabilities, excluding corporate interest-earning assets and liabilities.
ESDA—Extended insurance sweep deposit accounts.
Fair value—The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Fair value hedge—A derivative instrument designated in a hedging relationship that mitigates exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a firm commitment.
FASB—Financial Accounting Standards Board.
FDIC—Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Federal Reserve—Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
FHLB—Federal Home Loan Bank.
FICO—Fair Isaac Credit Organization.
FINRA—Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
Forex—A type of trade that involves buying one currency while simultaneously selling another. Currencies are traded in pairs consisting of a "base currency" and a "quote currency."
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")—Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Gross loans receivable—Includes unpaid principal balances and premiums (discounts).
Interest rate cap—An option contract that puts an upper limit on a floating exchange rate. The writer of the cap has to pay the holder of the cap the difference between the floating rate and the upper limit when that upper limit is breached. There is usually a premium paid by the buyer of such a contract.
Interest rate floor—An option contract that puts a lower limit on a floating exchange rate. The writer of the floor has to pay the holder of the floor the difference between the floating rate and the lower limit when that lower limit is breached. There is usually a premium paid by the buyer of such a contract.
Interest rate swaps—Contracts that are entered into primarily as an asset/liability management strategy to reduce interest rate risk. Interest rate swap contracts are exchanges of interest rate payments, such as fixed-rate payments for floating-rate payments, based on notional principal amounts.
LIBOR—London Interbank Offered Rate. LIBOR is the interest rate at which banks borrow funds from other banks in the London wholesale money market (or interbank market).
LTV—Loan-to-value.
Net new brokerage assets—The total inflows to all new and existing brokerage customer accounts less total outflows from all closed and existing brokerage customer accounts, excluding the effects of market movements in the value of brokerage customer assets.

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NFA—National Futures Association.
Nonperforming assets—Assets originally acquired to earn income (nonperforming loans) and those not intended to earn income (real estate owned). Loans are classified as nonperforming when they are no longer accruing interest, which includes loans that are 90 days and greater past due, TDRs that are on nonaccrual status for all classes of loans (including loans in bankruptcy) and certain junior liens that have a delinquent senior lien.
Notional amount—The specified dollar amount underlying a derivative on which the calculated payments are based.
OCC—Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
Options—Contracts that grant the purchaser, for a premium payment, the right, but not the obligation, to either purchase or sell the associated financial instrument at a set price during a period or at a specified date in the future.
Real estate owned and other repossessed assets—Ownership or physical possession of real property by the Company, generally acquired as a result of foreclosure or repossession.
Recovery—Cash proceeds received on a loan that had been previously charged off.
Repurchase agreement—An agreement giving the seller of an asset the right or obligation to buy back the same or similar securities at a specified price on a given date. These agreements are generally collateralized by mortgage-backed or investment-grade securities.
Return on average total assets—Annualized net income divided by average assets.
Return on average total shareholders’ equity—Annualized net income divided by average shareholders’ equity.
Risk-weighted assets—Primarily computed by the assignment of specific risk-weightings assigned by the regulators to assets and off-balance sheet instruments for capital adequacy calculations.
S&P—Standard & Poor’s.
SEC—U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Special mention loans—Loans where a borrower’s current credit history casts doubt on their ability to repay a loan. Loans are classified as special mention when loans are between 30 and 89 days past due.
Sweep deposit accounts—Accounts with the functionality to transfer customer deposit balances to and from a FDIC insured account.
Taxable equivalent interest adjustment—The operating interest income earned on certain assets is completely or partially exempt from federal and/or state income tax. These tax-exempt instruments typically yield lower returns than a taxable investment. To provide more meaningful comparison of yields and margins for all interest-earning assets, the interest income earned on tax exempt assets is increased to make it fully equivalent to interest income on other taxable investments. This adjustment is done for the analytic purposes in the net enterprise interest income/spread calculation and is not made on the consolidated statement of income, as that is not permitted under GAAP.
Tier 1 capital—Adjusted equity capital used in the calculation of capital adequacy ratios. Tier 1 capital equals: total shareholders’ equity, plus/(less) unrealized losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities and cash flow hedges, less disallowed servicing and deferred tax assets, goodwill and certain other intangible assets, and other applicable adjustments.
Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR")—A loan modification that involves granting an economic concession to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty, and loans that have been charged-off due to bankruptcy notification.
Wholesale borrowings—Borrowings that consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances and other borrowings.
ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The following discussion about market risk disclosure includes forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and as updated in this report.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk is related primarily to interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, all of which are held for non-trading purposes. The management of interest rate risk is essential to profitability. The primary objective of the management of interest rate risk is to control exposure to interest rates within the Board-approved limits, as outlined in the scenario analysis below, and with limited exposure to earnings volatility resulting from interest rate fluctuations. Our

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general strategies to manage interest rate risk include balancing variable-rate and fixed-rate assets and liabilities and utilizing derivatives in a way that reduces overall exposure to changes in interest rates. Exposure to interest rate risk requires management to make complex assumptions regarding maturities, market interest rates and customer behavior. Changes in interest rates, including the following, could impact interest income and expense:
Interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities may re-price at different times or by different amounts creating a mismatch.
The yield curve may steepen, flatten or change shape affecting the spread between short- and long-term rates. Widening or narrowing spreads could impact net interest income.
Market interest rates may influence prepayments resulting in maturity mismatches. In addition, prepayments could impact yields as premiums and discounts amortize.
Exposure to interest rate risk is dependent upon the distribution and composition of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and derivatives. The differing risk characteristics of each product are managed to mitigate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. At June 30, 2015, 91% of our total assets were enterprise interest-earning assets.
At June 30, 2015, approximately 59% of total assets were residential real estate loans and available-for-sale and held-to-maturity mortgage-backed securities. The values of these assets are sensitive to changes in interest rates, as well as expected prepayment levels. As interest rates increase, fixed rate residential mortgages and mortgage-backed securities tend to exhibit lower prepayments. The inverse is true in a falling rate environment.
When real estate loans prepay, unamortized premiums and/or discounts are recognized immediately in operating interest income. Depending on the timing of the prepayment, these adjustments to operating income may impact anticipated yields. The ALCO reviews estimates of the impact of changing market rates on prepayments. This information is incorporated into our interest rate risk management strategy.
Our liability structure consists of three central sources of funding: deposits, customer payables and wholesale borrowings. Deposits and customer payables tend to be less rate-sensitive than wholesale borrowings, including securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB advances. Agreements to repurchase securities and the majority of FHLB advances re-price as agreements reset. Deposit products, including sweep accounts, complete savings accounts and other money market and savings accounts, as well as customer payables re-price at management’s discretion.
Derivative Instruments
We use derivative instruments to help manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed-rate and variable-rate interest payments between two parties based on a contractual underlying notional amount, but do not involve the exchange of the underlying notional amounts. Option products are utilized primarily to decrease the market value changes resulting from the prepayment dynamics of the mortgage portfolio, as well as to protect against increases in funding costs. The types of options employed include interest rate caps ("Caps"), "Payor Swaptions" and "Receiver Swaptions." Caps mitigate the market risk associated with increases in interest rates. Similarly, Payor and Receiver Swaptions mitigate the market risk associated with the respective increases and decreases in interest rates. See derivative instruments discussion in Note 7—Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Scenario Analysis
Scenario analysis is an advanced approach to estimating interest rate risk exposure. Under the Economic Value of Equity ("EVE") approach, the present value of all existing interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities, derivatives and forward commitments are estimated and then combined to produce an EVE figure. The approach values only the current balance sheet in which the most significant assumptions are the prepayment rates of the loan portfolio and mortgage-backed securities and the repricing of deposits. This approach does not incorporate assumptions related to business growth, or liquidation and re-investment of instruments. This approach provides an indicator of future earnings and capital levels because changes in EVE indicate the anticipated change in the value of future cash flows. The sensitivity of this value to changes in interest rates is then determined by applying alternative interest rate scenarios, which include, but are not limited to, instantaneous parallel shifts up 100, 200 and 300 basis points and down 100 basis points. The change in EVE amounts fluctuate based on the parallel shifts in interest rates primarily due to the change in timing of cash flows in the Company’s residential loan and mortgage-backed securities portfolios. Expected prepayment rates on residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities increase as interest rates decline. In a rising interest rate environment, expected prepayment rates decrease.
The EVE method is used at the E*TRADE Bank level and not for the Company. The ALCO monitors E*TRADE Bank’s interest rate risk position. E*TRADE Bank had nearly 100% of enterprise interest-earning assets at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and held 99% of enterprise interest-bearing liabilities at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. The sensitivity of EVE at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and the limits established by E*TRADE Bank’s Board of

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Directors are listed below (dollars in millions):
Parallel Change in Interest Rates
(basis points)(2)
 
Change in EVE
 
June 30, 2015(1)
 
December 31, 2014
 
Amount
 
Percentage(3)
 
Board Limit
 
Amount
 
Percentage(3)
 
Board Limit
+300
 
$
(628
)
 
(11.0
)%
 
(25)%
 
$
(626
)
 
(11.6
)%
 
(25)%
+200
 
$
(267
)
 
(4.7
)%
 
(15)%
 
$
(353
)
 
(6.6
)%
 
(15)%
+100
 
$
(79
)
 
(1.4
)%
 
(7)%
 
$
(127
)
 
(2.4
)%
 
(7)%
-100
 
$
(74
)
 
(1.3
)%
 
(7)%
 
$
(21
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
(7)%
(1)
E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015. Excluding E*TRADE Clearing as of June 30, 2015, the calculation of EVE continues to be well below the Board limits.
(2)
Due to historically low interest rates for all yield curve points, the minus 200 and 300 basis points scenarios are not produced for the periods ended June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
(3)
The percentage change represents the amount of change in EVE divided by the base EVE as calculated in the current interest rate environment.
We actively manage interest rate risk positions. As interest rates change, we will adjust our strategy and mix of assets, liabilities and derivatives to optimize our position. For example, a 100 basis points increase in rates may not result in a change in value as indicated above. The Company compares the parallel shift in interest rate changes in EVE to the established board limits in order to assess the Company’s interest rate risk on a monthly basis. In the event that the percentage change in EVE exceeds the board limits, E*TRADE Bank’s Chief Risk Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer must all be promptly notified in writing and decide upon a plan of remediation. In addition, E*TRADE Bank’s Board of Directors must be promptly notified of the exception and the planned resolution.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
(In millions, except share data and per share amounts)
(Unaudited) 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating interest income
$
310

 
$
319

 
$
626

 
$
638

Operating interest expense
(43
)
 
(52
)
 
(88
)
 
(108
)
Net operating interest income
267

 
267

 
538

 
530

Commissions
103

 
105

 
217

 
233

Fees and service charges
55

 
49

 
107

 
99

Principal transactions

 

 

 
10

Gains on loans and securities, net
11

 
7

 
20

 
22

Other revenues
9

 
10

 
19

 
19

Total non-interest income
178

 
171

 
363

 
383

Total net revenue
445

 
438

 
901

 
913

Provision for loan losses
3

 
12

 
8

 
16

Operating expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
118

 
99

 
231

 
197

Advertising and market development
32

 
33

 
66

 
67

Clearing and servicing
25

 
23

 
49

 
51

FDIC insurance premiums
11

 
19

 
29

 
43

Professional services
26

 
28

 
53

 
52

Occupancy and equipment
22

 
19

 
43

 
37

Communications
19

 
18

 
38

 
36

Depreciation and amortization
20

 
20

 
40

 
41

Amortization of other intangibles
5

 
6

 
10

 
11

Facility restructuring and other exit activities
2

 
1

 
6

 
4

Other operating expenses
29

 
18

 
44

 
35

Total operating expense
309

 
284

 
609

 
574

Income before other income (expense) and income tax (benefit) expense
133

 
142

 
284

 
323

Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate interest expense
(15
)
 
(29
)
 
(36
)
 
(57
)
Losses on early extinguishment of debt

 

 
(73
)
 
(12
)
Equity in income (loss) of investments and other
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
5

 
2

Total other income (expense)
(16
)
 
(30
)
 
(104
)
 
(67
)
Income before income tax (benefit) expense
117

 
112

 
180

 
256

Income tax (benefit) expense
(175
)
 
43

 
(152
)
 
90

Net income
$
292

 
$
69

 
$
332

 
$
166

Basic earnings per share
$
1.01

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.15

 
$
0.57

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.99

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.13

 
$
0.56

Shares used in computation of per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (in thousands)
290,086

 
288,705

 
289,915

 
288,380

Diluted (in thousands)
294,936

 
293,826

 
294,912

 
293,813

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Net income
$
292

 
$
69

 
$
332

 
$
166

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses), net(1)
(59
)
 
82

 
(20
)
 
163

Reclassification into earnings, net(2)
(5
)
 
(2
)
 
(11
)
 
(14
)
Net change from available-for-sale securities
(64
)
 
80

 
(31
)
 
149

Cash flow hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses), net(3)
6

 
(16
)
 
(5
)
 
(32
)
Reclassification into earnings, net(4)
16

 
20

 
32

 
41

Net change from cash flow hedging instruments
22

 
4

 
27

 
9

Other comprehensive income
(42
)
 
84

 
(4
)
 
158

Comprehensive income
$
250

 
$
153

 
$
328

 
$
324

 

(1)
Amounts are net of benefit from income taxes of $36 million and $12 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to provision for income taxes of $49 million and $99 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
(2)
Amounts are net of provision for income taxes of $3 million and $7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to provision for income taxes of $1 million and $8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
(3)
Amounts are net of provision for income taxes of $2 million and benefit from income taxes of $4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to benefit from income taxes of $12 million and $23 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
(4)
Amounts are net of benefit from income taxes of $10 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to benefit from income taxes of $12 million and $26 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(In millions, except share data)
(Unaudited) 
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and equivalents
$
1,872

 
$
1,783

Cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations
767

 
555

Available-for-sale securities
13,866

 
12,388

Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $12,465 and $12,476 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively)
12,291

 
12,248

Margin receivables
8,139

 
7,675

Loans receivable, net (net of allowance for loan losses of $402 and $404 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively)
5,252

 
5,979

Investment in FHLB stock
89

 
88

Property and equipment, net
238

 
245

Goodwill
1,792

 
1,792

Other intangibles, net
184

 
194

Other assets
2,625

 
2,583

Total assets
$
47,115

 
$
45,530

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Deposits
$
26,214

 
$
24,890

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
3,617

 
3,672

Customer payables
6,702

 
6,455

FHLB advances and other borrowings
1,309

 
1,299

Corporate debt
1,023

 
1,366

Other liabilities
2,536

 
2,473

Total liabilities
41,401

 
40,155

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)


 


Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, shares authorized: 400,000,000 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014; shares issued and outstanding: 290,236,778 and 289,272,576 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively
3

 
3

Additional paid-in-capital
7,361

 
7,350

Accumulated deficit
(1,397
)
 
(1,729
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(253
)
 
(249
)
Total shareholders’ equity
5,714

 
5,375

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
47,115

 
$
45,530

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions)
(Unaudited) 
 
 
 
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2014
289

 
$
3

 
$
7,350

 
$
(1,729
)
 
$
(249
)
 
$
5,375

Net income

 

 

 
332

 

 
332

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Conversion of convertible debentures

 

 
3

 

 

 
3

Exercise of stock options and related tax effects

 

 
1

 

 

 
1

Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and retirements to pay taxes
1

 

 
(10
)
 

 

 
(10
)
Share-based compensation

 

 
17

 

 

 
17

Balance at June 30, 2015
290

 
$
3

 
$
7,361

 
$
(1,397
)
 
$
(253
)
 
$
5,714


 
 
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2013
287

 
$
3

 
$
7,328

 
$
(2,022
)
 
$
(453
)
 
$
4,856

Net income

 

 

 
166

 

 
166

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
158

 
158

Conversion of convertible debentures

 

 
1

 

 

 
1

Exercise of stock options and related tax effects
1

 

 
6

 

 

 
6

Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and retirements to pay taxes
1

 

 
(12
)
 

 

 
(12
)
Share-based compensation

 

 
13

 

 

 
13

Balance at June 30, 2014
289

 
$
3

 
$
7,336

 
$
(1,856
)
 
$
(295
)
 
$
5,188


See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
332

 
$
166

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by in operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
8

 
16

Depreciation and amortization (including discount amortization and accretion)
186

 
159

Net gains on loans and securities, net
(20
)
 
(22
)
Equity in income of investments and other
(5
)
 
(2
)
Losses on early extinguishment of debt
5

 

Share-based compensation
17

 
13

Deferred taxes (benefit) expense
(149
)
 
86

Other
(2
)
 
(1
)
Net effect of changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Increase in cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations
(212
)
 
(149
)
Increase in margin receivables
(464
)
 
(987
)
Increase in customer payables
247

 
316

Decrease (increase) in other assets
187

 
(9
)
Increase in other liabilities
259

 
714

Net cash provided by operating activities
389

 
300

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
(3,434
)
 
(651
)
Proceeds from sales, maturities of and principal payments on available-for-sale securities
1,676

 
1,743

Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
(898
)
 
(1,669
)
Proceeds from maturities of and principal payments on held-to-maturity securities
791

 
477

Proceeds from sale of loans

 
802

Net decrease in loans receivable
668

 
642

Capital expenditures for property and equipment
(32
)
 
(30
)
Proceeds from sale of G1 Execution Services, Inc.

 
76

Cash transferred on sale of G1 Execution Services, Inc.

 
(9
)
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned and repossessed assets
17

 
20

Net cash flow from derivatives hedging assets

 
(6
)
Other
(10
)
 
5

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(1,222
)
 
1,400


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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS(Continued)
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in deposits
$
1,324

 
$
(887
)
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(55
)
 
(801
)
Advances from FHLB
540

 
390

Payments on advances from FHLB
(540
)
 
(390
)
Net proceeds from issuance of senior notes
460

 

Payments on senior notes
(800
)
 

Net cash flow from derivatives hedging liabilities

 
(48
)
Other
(7
)
 
5

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
922

 
(1,731
)
Increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents
89

 
(31
)
Cash and equivalents, beginning of period
1,783

 
1,838

Cash and equivalents, end of period
$
1,872

 
$
1,807

Supplemental disclosures:
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
146

 
$
144

Cash paid (refund received) for income taxes
$
3

 
$
(2
)
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Transfers of loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale
$
39

 
$
795

Transfers from loans to other real estate owned and repossessed assets
$
12

 
$
29

Transfers from other real estate owned and repossessed assets to loans
$

 
$
16

Conversion of convertible debentures to common stock
$
3

 
$
1


See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

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E*TRADE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization—E*TRADE Financial Corporation is a financial services company that provides brokerage and related products and services primarily to individual retail investors under the brand "E*TRADE Financial." The Company also provides investor-focused banking products, primarily sweep deposits, to retail investors.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company's two U.S. broker-dealers, E*TRADE Clearing and E*TRADE Securities, were operating subsidiaries of E*TRADE Bank, a wholly-owned operating subsidiary of E*TRADE Financial Corporation. The Company received regulatory approval to move both E*TRADE Clearing and E*TRADE Securities out from under E*TRADE Bank. E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in February 2015. E*TRADE Clearing was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in July 2015.
Basis of Presentation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries as determined under the voting interest model. Entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence but in which the Company does not possess control are generally accounted for by the equity method. Entities in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are generally carried at cost. However, investments in marketable equity securities where the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entities are accounted for as available-for-sale equity securities. The Company also evaluates its initial and continuing involvement with certain entities to determine if the Company is required to consolidate the entities under the variable interest entity ("VIE") model. This evaluation is based on a qualitative assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, which requires the Company to possess both: 1) the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and 2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Beginning in the first quarter of 2015, the Company reclassified the revenue earned on customer assets held by third parties from operating interest income to fees and service charges and prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are all normal and recurring in nature, necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
The Company reports corporate interest expense separately from operating interest expense. The Company believes reporting these items separately provides a clearer picture of the financial performance of the Company’s operations than would a presentation that combined these two items. Operating interest expense is generated from the operations of the Company. Corporate debt is the primary source of corporate interest expense.
Similarly, the Company reports gains on sales of investments, net separately from gains on loans and securities, net. The Company believes reporting these two items separately provides a clearer picture of the financial performance of the Company's operations than would a presentation that combined these two items. Gains on loans and securities, net are the result of activities in the Company’s operations, namely its balance sheet management segment. Gains on sales of investments, net relate to investments of the Company at the corporate level and are not related to the ongoing business of the Company’s operating subsidiaries. Gains on sales of investments, net are reported in the equity in income (loss) of investments and other line item on the consolidated statement of income.
These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Use of Estimates—Preparing the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and related notes for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates. Certain significant accounting policies are critical because they are based on estimates and assumptions that require complex and subjective judgments by management. Changes in these estimates or assumptions could materially impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Material estimates in which management believes changes could reasonably occur include: allowance for loan losses; valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets; estimates of effective tax rates, deferred taxes and valuation allowance; classification and valuation of certain investments; accounting for derivative instruments; and fair value measurements.

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Financial Statement Descriptions and Related Accounting Policies
Margin Receivables—The fair value of securities that the Company received as collateral in connection with margin receivables and securities borrowing activities, where the Company is permitted to sell or re-pledge the securities, was approximately $11.3 billion and $10.8 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Of this amount, $2.9 billion had been pledged or sold in connection with securities loans, bank borrowings and deposits with clearing organizations at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Allowance for Loan Losses—The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. In determining the adequacy of the allowance, the Company performs ongoing evaluations of the loan portfolio and loss forecasting assumptions. As of June 30, 2015, the allowance for loan losses was $402 million on $5.6 billion of total loans receivable designated as held-for-investment.
For loans that are not TDRs, the Company established a general allowance and evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment: one- to four-family, home equity and consumer and other. For modified loans accounted for as TDRs that are valued using the discounted cash flow model, the Company established a specific allowance by forecasting losses, including economic concessions to borrowers, over the estimated remaining life of these loans.
The estimate of the allowance for loan losses continues to be based on a variety of quantitative and qualitative factors, including:
the composition and quality of the portfolio;
delinquency levels and trends;
current and historical charge-off and loss experience;
the Company’s historical loss mitigation experience;
the condition of the real estate market and geographic concentrations within the loan portfolio;
the interest rate climate;
the overall availability of housing credit; and
general economic conditions.
During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company enhanced the modeling practices for forecasting loan losses for the Company's one- to four-family and home equity loan portfolios. The Company implemented a new loss forecasting model; however, there were no material changes in assumptions and methodologies in the new model and the implementation did not have a material impact on allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. The implementation process triggered a re-evaluation of the time period of forecasted loan losses included in the general allowance. Based on reviews of recent loan performance, current economic conditions and their impact on borrower behavior, the Company extended the loss emergence period from 12 months to 18 months for both portfolios. The extended emergence period resulted in approximately $40 million of additional allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015. For the one- to four-family loan portfolio, the Company also enhanced the quantitative allowance methodology during the three months ended June 30, 2015 to identify higher risk interest-only loans and extended the period of forecasted loan losses captured within the general allowance to include the total probable loss over the remaining life on a subset of this portfolio. These changes largely offset both of the following:
better than expected loan performance, as evidenced by favorable delinquency trends, faster prepayments across the portfolios and lower than expected defaults on balloon loans maturing during the quarter; and
the resolution of uncertainties related to servicer transfers, which drove the majority of the decrease in the qualitative component.
The new loss forecasting model continues to be sensitive to key risk factors within the one- to four-family and home equity portfolios, which include but are not limited to loan type, delinquency history, LTV/CLTV ratio and borrowers’ credit scores and the forecasted loan losses are estimated based on these types of loan-level attributes. The Company utilizes historical mortgage loan performance data to develop the forecast of delinquency and default for these risk segments. The Company also continues to include the total probable loss over the remaining life on a subset of higher risk equity lines of credit, including balloon loans, in the general allowance.
The general allowance for loan losses also included a qualitative component to account for a variety of factors that present additional uncertainty that may not be fully considered in the quantitative loss model but are factors the Company believes may impact the level of credit losses. The Company utilizes a qualitative factor framework whereby, on a quarterly basis, management assesses the risk associated with three main factors: external factors, internal factors, and portfolio specific factors. The uncertainty related to these factors may expand over time, temporarily increasing the qualitative component in

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advance of the more precise identification of these probable losses being captured within the quantitative component of the general allowance. The total qualitative component was $13 million and $37 million as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Share-Based Payments—The Company issues restricted stock awards to the Company's Board of Directors and restricted stock units to certain of the Company's officers and employees. Each restricted stock unit can be converted into one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. These restricted stock awards and units are issued at the fair value on the date of grant and vest ratably over the requisite service period, generally one to four years. Beginning in 2015, the Company also issued performance share units to certain of the Company’s officers. Each performance share unit can be converted into one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. Vesting of performance share units is contingent upon achievement of certain predefined individual and Company performance targets. These performance share units are issued at the fair value on the date of grant and vest on a graded basis over the requisite service period, which is one to two years.
The Company records share-based compensation expense in accordance with the stock compensation accounting guidance. The Company recognizes compensation expense at the grant date fair value of a share-based payment award over the requisite service period less estimated forfeitures. Compensation expense for performance share units is also adjusted based on the Company’s estimated outcome of meeting the performance conditions. Share-based compensation expense is included in the compensation and benefits line item.
New Accounting and Disclosure Guidance—Below is the new accounting and disclosure guidance that relates to activities in which the Company is engaged.
Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects
In January 2014, the FASB amended the accounting guidance for investments in qualified affordable housing projects. The amended accounting guidance permits reporting entities to make an accounting policy election to account for their investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial cost of the investment is amortized in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and the net investment performance is recognized in the consolidated statement of income as a component of income tax expense. The Company adopted the amended accounting guidance for its qualifying investments on a full retrospective basis for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2015. The adoption of the amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows for the periods presented. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, $2 million of amortization and $2 million of tax credits associated with these investments were recognized as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income. As of June 30, 2015, the carrying value of these investments was $35 million and is included within other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
Presentation and Disclosure of Discontinued Operations
In April 2014, the FASB amended the presentation and disclosure guidance on disposal transactions. The amended guidance raises the threshold for a disposal to qualify as a discontinued operation and requires new disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. The amended guidance became effective for all disposals or classifications as held for sale occurring in annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2015 for the Company. The adoption of the amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows; however, it may impact the reporting of future disposals if and when they occur.
Revenue Recognition on Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB amended the guidance on revenue recognition on contracts with customers. The new standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to apply in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The amended guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2017 for the Company and may be applied on either a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new accounting guidance, the adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Accounting and Disclosures for Repurchase Agreements
In June 2014, the FASB amended the accounting and disclosure guidance on repurchase agreements. The amended guidance requires entities to account for repurchase-to-maturity transactions as secured borrowings, eliminates accounting guidance on linked repurchase financing transactions, and expands the disclosure requirements related to transfers of financial assets accounted for as sales and as secured borrowings. The amended accounting guidance and the amended disclosure

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guidance for transfers of financial assets accounted for as sales became effective for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2015 for the Company and was applied using a cumulative-effect approach as of that date. The adoption of this amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The amended disclosure guidance for transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings became effective for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2015 and interim periods beginning on April 1, 2015 for the Company. The Company's disclosures in Note 8—Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings reflect the adoption of this amended disclosure guidance.
Classification of Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure
In August 2014, the FASB amended the accounting and disclosure guidance related to the classification of certain government-guaranteed mortgage loans upon foreclosure. The amended guidance requires entities to derecognize a mortgage loan and recognize a separate other receivable upon foreclosure if certain conditions are met. The separate other receivable is recorded based on the amount of principal and interest expected to be recovered under the guarantee. The amended guidance became effective for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2015 for the Company and was applied on a modified retrospective basis to qualifying loans at that date. The adoption of the amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
In August 2014, the FASB amended the guidance related to an entity’s evaluations and disclosures of going concern uncertainties. The new guidance requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued, and to provide certain disclosures if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amended guidance will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2016 and for interim periods beginning on January 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of the amended guidance will not impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Consolidation
In February 2015, the FASB amended the guidance on consolidation of certain legal entities. The amended guidance modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, and clarifies how to determine whether a group of equity holders has power over an entity. The amended guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2016 for the Company and may be applied on either a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new accounting guidance, the adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs
In April 2015, the FASB amended the presentation guidance on debt issuance costs. The amended presentation guidance requires that debt issuance costs be presented in an entity’s balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. As this guidance is consistent with the Company's historical presentation of debt issuance costs, the Company's adoption of the amended guidance as of January 1, 2015 did not impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Accounting for Customer Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement
In April 2015, the FASB amended the accounting guidance on customer fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. The amended guidance requires that internal-use software accessed by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement be accounted for as a software license if specific criteria are met; otherwise they should be accounted for as service contracts. The amended guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2016 for the Company and may be applied on either a full retrospective or prospective basis. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new accounting guidance, the adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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NOTE 2—OPERATING INTEREST INCOME AND OPERATING INTEREST EXPENSE
The following table shows the components of operating interest income and operating interest expense (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Operating interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
57

 
$
77

 
$
119

 
$
161

Available-for-sale securities
66

 
72

 
132

 
151

Held-to-maturity securities
86

 
82

 
174

 
159

Margin receivables
70

 
65

 
138

 
127

Securities borrowed and other
31

 
23

 
63

 
40

Total operating interest income
310

 
319

 
626

 
638

Operating interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(25
)
 
(30
)
 
(51
)
 
(65
)
FHLB advances and other borrowings
(16
)
 
(17
)
 
(31
)
 
(34
)
Deposits
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(4
)
Customer payables and other
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
 
(5
)
Total operating interest expense
(43
)
 
(52
)
 
(88
)
 
(108
)
Net operating interest income
$
267

 
$
267

 
$
538

 
$
530

NOTE 3—FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company may use various valuation approaches, including market, income and/or cost approaches. The fair value hierarchy requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant. Accordingly, even when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The fair value measurement accounting guidance describes the following three levels used to classify fair value measurements:
Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible by the Company.
Level 2—Quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The availability of observable inputs can vary and in certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability.
Recurring Fair Value Measurement Techniques
Residential Mortgage-backed Securities
The Company’s residential mortgage-backed securities portfolio primarily comprised agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs. Agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs are guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies. The weighted average coupon rates for the available-for-sale residential mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2015 are shown in the following table: 

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Weighted Average
Coupon Rate
Agency mortgage-backed securities
3.02
%
Agency CMOs
3.03
%
The fair value of agency mortgage-backed securities was determined using a market approach with quoted market prices, recent market transactions and spread data for similar instruments. The fair value of agency CMOs was determined using market and income approaches with the Company’s own trading activities for identical or similar instruments. Agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs were categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Other Debt Securities
The fair value measurements of agency debentures were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they were based on quoted market prices observable in the marketplace.
The fair value measurements of agency debt securities were determined using market and income approaches along with the Company’s own trading activities for identical or similar instruments and were categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company’s municipal bonds are revenue bonds issued by state and other local government agencies. The valuation of corporate bonds is impacted by the credit worthiness of the corporate issuer. All of the Company’s municipal bonds and corporate bonds were rated investment grade at June 30, 2015. These securities were valued using a market approach with pricing service valuations corroborated by recent market transactions for identical or similar bonds. Municipal bonds and corporate bonds were categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Publicly Traded Equity Securities
The fair value measurements of the Company's publicly traded equity securities were classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as they were based on quoted market prices in active markets.
Derivative Instruments
Interest rate swap and option contracts were valued with an income approach using pricing models that are commonly used by the financial services industry. The market observable inputs used in the pricing models include the swap curve, the volatility surface, and prime or overnight indexed swap basis from a financial data provider. The Company does not consider these models to involve significant judgment on the part of management, and the Company corroborated the fair value measurements with counterparty valuations. The Company’s derivative instruments were categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The consideration of credit risk, the Company’s or the counterparty’s, did not result in an adjustment to the valuation of its derivative instruments in the periods presented.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurement Techniques
Certain other assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: 1) one- to four-family and home equity loans in which the amount of the loan balance in excess of the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs has been charged-off; and 2) real estate owned that is carried at the lower of the property’s carrying value or fair value less estimated selling costs.
The Company evaluates and reviews assets that have been subject to fair value measurement requirements on a quarterly basis in accordance with policies and procedures that were designed to be in compliance with guidance from the Company’s regulators. These policies and procedures govern the frequency of the review, the use of acceptable valuation methods, and the consideration of estimated selling costs.

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Loans Receivable
Loans that have been delinquent for 180 days or that are in bankruptcy and certain TDR loan modifications are charged-off based on the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. Property valuations for these one- to four-family and home equity loans are based on the most recent "as is" property valuation data available, which may include appraisals, broker price opinions, automated valuation models or updated values using home price indices. Subsequent to the recording of an initial fair value measurement, these loans continue to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, utilizing the estimated value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. These property valuations are updated on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis depending on the type of valuation initially used. If the value of the underlying property has declined, an additional charge-off is recorded. If the value of the underlying property has increased, previously charged-off amounts are not reversed. If the valuation data obtained is significantly different from the valuation previously received, the Company reviews additional property valuation data to corroborate or update the valuation.
Real Estate Owned
Property valuations for real estate owned are based on the lowest value of the most recent property valuation data available, which may include appraisals, listing prices or approved offer prices.
Nonrecurring fair value measurements on one- to four-family and home equity loans and real estate owned were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the valuations included unobservable inputs that were significant to the fair value. The following table presents additional information about significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at June 30, 2015: 
 
Unobservable Inputs
 
Average
 
Range
Loans receivable:
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
Appraised value
 
$
380,300

 
$15,000-$1,400,000
Home equity
Appraised value
 
$
255,800

 
$18,000-$1,475,000
Real estate owned
Appraised value
 
$
333,700

 
$15,000-$1,100,000

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Recurring and Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are summarized in the following tables (dollars in millions):
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurring fair value measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$

 
$
12,797

 
$

 
$
12,797

Agency debentures

 
647

 

 
647

Agency debt securities

 
349

 

 
349

Municipal bonds

 
36

 

 
36

Corporate bonds

 
5

 

 
5

Total debt securities

 
13,834

 

 
13,834

Publicly traded equity securities
32

 

 

 
32

Total available-for-sale securities
32

 
13,834

 

 
13,866

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(1)

 
58

 

 
58

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis(2)
$
32

 
$
13,892

 
$

 
$
13,924

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(1)
$

 
$
50

 
$

 
$
50

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis(2)
$

 
$
50

 
$

 
$
50

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$

 
$

 
$
31

 
$
31

Home equity

 

 
12

 
12

Total loans receivable

 

 
43

 
43

Real estate owned

 

 
21

 
21

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis(3)
$

 
$

 
$
64

 
$
64

 
(1)
All derivative assets and liabilities were interest rate contracts at June 30, 2015. Information related to derivative instruments is detailed in Note 7—Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
(2)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis represented 30% and less than 1% of the Company’s total assets and total liabilities, respectively, at June 30, 2015.
(3)
Represents the fair value of assets prior to deducting estimated selling costs that were carried on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2015, and for which a fair value measurement was recorded during the period.

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Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurring fair value measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$

 
$
11,164

 
$

 
$
11,164

Agency debentures

 
648

 

 
648

Agency debt securities

 
499

 

 
499

Municipal bonds

 
40

 

 
40

Corporate bonds

 
4

 

 
4

Total debt securities

 
12,355

 

 
12,355

Publicly traded equity securities
33

 

 

 
33

Total available-for-sale securities
33

 
12,355

 

 
12,388

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets(1)

 
24

 

 
24

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis(2)
$
33

 
$
12,379

 
$

 
$
12,412

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities(1)
$

 
$
66

 
$

 
$
66

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis(2)
$

 
$
66

 
$

 
$
66

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$

 
$

 
$
46

 
$
46

Home equity

 

 
32

 
32

Total loans receivable

 

 
78

 
78

Real estate owned

 

 
38

 
38

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis(3)
$

 
$

 
$
116

 
$
116

 
(1)
All derivative assets and liabilities were interest rate contracts at December 31, 2014. Information related to derivative instruments is detailed in Note 7—Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
(2)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis represented 27% and less than 1% of the Company’s total assets and total liabilities, respectively, at December 31, 2014.
(3)
Represents the fair value of assets prior to deducting estimated selling costs that were carried on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014, and for which a fair value measurement was recorded during the period.
The following table presents the gains and losses associated with the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
One- to four-family
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
4

 
$
7

Home equity
5

 
8

 
9

 
20

Total losses on loans receivable measured at fair value
$
7

 
$
10

 
$
13

 
$
27

Losses (gains) on real estate owned measured at fair value
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
Transfers Between Levels 1 and 2
For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company’s transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the reporting period on a quarterly basis. The Company had no transfers between Level 1 and 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

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Recurring Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Level 3
At both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The following table summarizes the carrying values, fair values and fair value hierarchy level classification of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2015
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and equivalents
$
1,872

 
$
1,872

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,872

Cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations
$
767

 
$
767

 
$

 
$

 
$
767

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
9,548

 
$

 
$
9,681

 
$

 
$
9,681

Agency debentures
201

 

 
201

 

 
201

Agency debt securities
2,532

 

 
2,573

 

 
2,573

Other non-agency debt securities
10

 

 

 
10

 
10

Total held-to-maturity securities
$
12,291

 
$

 
$
12,455

 
$
10

 
$
12,465

Margin receivables
$
8,139

 
$

 
$
8,139

 
$

 
$
8,139

Loans receivable, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
2,747

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,470

 
$
2,470

Home equity
2,113

 

 

 
1,909

 
1,909

Consumer and other
392

 

 

 
396

 
396

Total loans receivable, net(1)
$
5,252

 
$

 
$

 
$
4,775

 
$
4,775

Investment in FHLB stock
$
89

 
$

 
$

 
$
89

 
$
89

Deposits paid for securities borrowed
$
264

 
$

 
$
264

 
$

 
$
264

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
26,214

 
$

 
$
26,214

 
$

 
$
26,214

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
3,617

 
$

 
$
3,623

 
$

 
$
3,623

Customer payables
$
6,702

 
$

 
$
6,702

 
$

 
$
6,702

FHLB advances and other borrowings
$
1,309

 
$

 
$
922

 
$
264

 
$
1,186

Corporate debt
$
1,023

 
$

 
$
1,111

 
$

 
$
1,111

Deposits received for securities loaned
$
1,948

 
$

 
$
1,948

 
$

 
$
1,948

 
(1)
The carrying value of loans receivable, net includes the allowance for loan losses of $402 million and loans that are valued at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2015.

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December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and equivalents
$
1,783

 
$
1,783

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,783

Cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations
$
555

 
$
555

 
$

 
$

 
$
555

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
9,793

 
$

 
$
9,971

 
$

 
$
9,971

Agency debentures
164

 

 
166

 

 
166

Agency debt securities
2,281

 

 
2,329

 

 
2,329

Other non-agency debt securities
10

 

 

 
10

 
10

Total held-to-maturity securities
$
12,248

 
$

 
$
12,466

 
$
10

 
$
12,476

Margin receivables
$
7,675

 
$

 
$
7,675

 
$

 
$
7,675

Loans receivable, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
3,053

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,742

 
$
2,742

Home equity
2,475

 

 

 
2,274

 
2,274

Consumer and other
451

 

 

 
449

 
449

Total loans receivable, net(1)
$
5,979

 
$

 
$

 
$
5,465

 
$
5,465

Investment in FHLB stock
$
88

 
$

 
$

 
$
88

 
$
88

Deposits paid for securities borrowed
$
474

 
$

 
$
474

 
$

 
$
474

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
24,890

 
$

 
$
24,890

 
$

 
$
24,890

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
3,672

 
$

 
$
3,681

 
$

 
$
3,681

Customer payables
$
6,455

 
$

 
$
6,455

 
$

 
$
6,455

FHLB advances and other borrowings
$
1,299

 
$

 
$
922

 
$
252

 
$
1,174

Corporate debt
$
1,366

 
$

 
$
1,491

 
$

 
$
1,491

Deposits received for securities loaned
$
1,649

 
$

 
$
1,649

 
$

 
$
1,649

 
(1)
The carrying value of loans receivable, net includes the allowance for loan losses of $404 million and loans that are valued at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2014.

The fair value measurement techniques for financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are summarized as follows:
Cash and equivalents, cash required to be segregated under federal or other regulations, margin receivables, deposits paid for securities borrowed, customer payables and deposits received for securities loaned—Fair value is estimated to be carrying value.
Held-to-maturity securities—The held-to-maturity securities portfolio included agency mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, agency debentures, agency debt securities, and other non-agency debt securities. The fair value of agency mortgage-backed securities is determined using market and income approaches with quoted market prices, recent market transactions and spread data for similar instruments. The fair value of agency CMOs and agency debt securities is determined using market and income approaches with the Company’s own trading activities for identical or similar instruments. The fair value of agency debentures is based on quoted market prices that were derived from assumptions observable in the marketplace. Fair value of other non-agency debt securities is estimated to be carrying value.
Loans receivable, net—Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model. Loans are differentiated based on their individual portfolio characteristics, such as product classification, loan category, pricing features and remaining maturity. Assumptions for expected losses, prepayments and discount rates are adjusted to reflect the individual characteristics of the loans, such as credit risk, coupon, term, and payment characteristics, as well as the secondary market conditions for these types of loans. There was limited or no observable market data for the home equity and one- to four-family loan portfolios, which indicates that the market for these types of loans is considered to be inactive. Given the limited market data, these fair value measurements cannot be determined with precision and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates, could significantly affect the results of current or future fair value estimates. In addition, the amount that would be realized in a

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forced liquidation, an actual sale or immediate settlement could be significantly lower than both the carrying value and the estimated fair value of the portfolio.
Investment in FHLB stock—FHLB stock is carried at cost, which is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Deposits—Fair value is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date for sweep deposits, complete savings deposits, other money market and savings deposits and checking deposits. For certificates of deposit, fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows using discount factors derived from current observable rates implied for other similar instruments with similar remaining maturities.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase—Fair value is determined by discounting future cash flows using discount factors derived from current observable rates implied for other similar instruments with similar remaining maturities.
FHLB advances and other borrowings—Fair value for FHLB advances is estimated by discounting future cash flows using discount factors derived from current observable rates implied for similar instruments with similar remaining maturities. For subordinated debentures, fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows at the rate implied by dealer pricing quotes.
Corporate debt—For interest-bearing corporate debt, fair value is estimated using dealer pricing quotes. The fair value of the non-interest-bearing convertible debentures is directly correlated to the intrinsic value of the Company’s underlying stock; therefore, as the price of the Company’s stock increases relative to the conversion price, the fair value of the convertible debentures increases.
NOTE 4—OFFSETTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
For financial statement purposes, the Company does not offset derivative instruments, securities sold under agreements to repurchase ("repurchase agreements"), or securities borrowing and securities lending transactions. These activities are generally transacted under master agreements that are widely used by counterparties and that may allow for net settlements of payments in the normal course, as well as offsetting of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event of bankruptcy or default of one of the two parties to the transaction. The following table presents information about these transactions to enable the users of the Company’s financial statements to evaluate the potential effect of rights of setoff between these recognized assets and recognized liabilities at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):

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Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets and Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Collateral Received or Pledged (Including Cash)
 
Net Amount
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits paid for securities borrowed (1)(5)
$
264

 
$

 
$
264

 
$
(160
)
 
$
(93
)
 
$
11

 
 
Derivative assets (1)(3)
22

 

 
22

 
(13
)
 
(4
)
 
5

 
 
 
Total
$
286

 
$

 
$
286

 
$
(173
)
 
$
(97
)
 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements (4)
$
3,617

 
$

 
$
3,617

 
$

 
$
(3,615
)
 
$
2

 
 
Deposits received for securities loaned (2)(6)
1,948

 

 
1,948

 
(160
)
 
(1,658
)
 
130

 
 
Derivative liabilities (2)(3)
24

 

 
24

 
(13
)
 
(11
)
 

 
 
 
Total
$
5,589

 
$

 
$
5,589

 
$
(173
)
 
$
(5,284
)
 
$
132

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits paid for securities borrowed (1)(5)
$
474

 
$

 
$
474

 
$
(188
)
 
$
(267
)
 
$
19

 
 
Derivative assets (1)(3)
24

 

 
24

 
(15
)
 
(3
)
 
6

 
 
 
Total
$
498

 
$

 
$
498

 
$
(203
)
 
$
(270
)
 
$
25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements (4)
$
3,672

 
$

 
$
3,672

 
$

 
$
(3,671
)
 
$
1

 
 
Deposits received for securities loaned (2)(6)
1,649

 

 
1,649

 
(188
)
 
(1,332
)
 
129

 
 
Derivative liabilities (2)(3)
30

 

 
30

 
(15
)
 
(15
)
 

 
 
 
Total
$
5,351

 
$

 
$
5,351

 
$
(203
)
 
$
(5,018
)
 
$
130

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet are reflected in the other assets line item.
(2)
Net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet are reflected in the other liabilities line item.
(3)
Excludes net accrued interest payable of $7 million at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
(4)
The Company pledges available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities as collateral for amounts due on repurchase agreements and derivative liabilities. The collateral pledged included available-for-sale securities at fair value and held-to-maturity securities at amortized cost for both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
(5)
Included in the gross amounts of deposits paid for securities borrowed was $125 million and $278 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, transacted through a program with a clearing organization, which guarantees the return of cash to the Company. For presentation purposes, these amounts presented are based on the counterparties under the Company’s master securities loan agreements.
(6)
Included in the gross amounts of deposits received for securities loaned was $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, transacted through a program with a clearing organization, which guarantees the return of securities to the Company. For presentation purposes, these amounts presented are based on the counterparties under the Company’s master securities loan agreements.
Certain types of derivatives that the Company trades are subject to derivatives clearing agreements ("cleared derivatives contracts") under the Dodd-Frank Act. These cleared derivatives contracts enable clearing by a derivatives clearing organization through a clearing member. Under the contracts, the clearing member typically has a one-way right to offset all contracts in the event of the Company’s default or bankruptcy. As such, the cleared derivatives contracts are not bilateral master netting agreements and do not allow for offsetting. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had $36 million and $0, respectively, in derivative assets of cleared derivatives contracts and $26 million and $36 million, respectively, in derivative liabilities of cleared derivatives contracts.

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NOTE 5—AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE AND HELD-TO-MATURITY SECURITIES
The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are shown in the following tables (dollars in millions): 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized /
Unrecognized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized /
Unrecognized
Losses
 
Fair Value
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
12,861

 
$
96

 
$
(160
)
 
$
12,797

Agency debentures
645

 
17

 
(15
)
 
647

Agency debt securities
342

 
7

 

 
349

Municipal bonds
36

 

 

 
36

Corporate bonds
6

 

 
(1
)
 
5

Total debt securities
13,890

 
120

 
(176
)
 
13,834

Publicly traded equity securities(1)
32

 

 

 
32

Total available-for-sale securities
$
13,922

 
$
120

 
$
(176
)
 
$
13,866

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
9,548

 
$
182

 
$
(49
)
 
$
9,681

Agency debentures
201

 

 

 
201

Agency debt securities
2,532

 
47

 
(6
)
 
2,573

Other non-agency debt securities
10

 

 

 
10

Total held-to-maturity securities
$
12,291

 
$
229

 
$
(55
)
 
$
12,465

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
11,156

 
$
113

 
$
(105
)
 
$
11,164

Agency debentures
620

 
28

 

 
648

Agency debt securities
487

 
12

 

 
499

Municipal bonds
40

 
1

 
(1
)
 
40

Corporate bonds
5

 

 
(1
)
 
4

Total debt securities
12,308

 
154

 
(107
)
 
12,355

Publicly traded equity securities(1)
33

 

 

 
33

Total available-for-sale securities
$
12,341

 
$
154

 
$
(107
)
 
$
12,388

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
9,793

 
$
217

 
$
(39
)
 
$
9,971

Agency debentures
164

 
2

 

 
166

Agency debt securities
2,281

 
54

 
(6
)
 
2,329

Other non-agency debt securities
10

 

 

 
10

Total held-to-maturity securities
$
12,248

 
$
273

 
$
(45
)
 
$
12,476

(1)
Publicly traded equity securities consisted of investments in a mutual fund related to the Community Reinvestment Act.


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Contractual Maturities
The contractual maturities of all available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities at June 30, 2015 are shown below (dollars in millions): 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities:
 
 
 
Due within one year
$
3

 
$
3

Due within one to five years
20

 
20

Due within five to ten years
2,146

 
2,114

Due after ten years
11,721

 
11,697

Total available-for-sale debt securities
$
13,890

 
$
13,834

Held-to-maturity debt securities:
 
 
 
Due within one year
$
189

 
$
189

Due within one to five years
1,101

 
1,147

Due within five to ten years
2,800

 
2,860

Due after ten years
8,201

 
8,269

Total held-to-maturity debt securities
$
12,291

 
$
12,465

The Company pledged $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, of available-for-sale debt securities and $3.1 billion at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 of held-to-maturity debt securities as collateral for repurchase agreements, derivatives and other purposes.

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Investments with Unrealized or Unrecognized Losses
The following tables show the fair value and unrealized or unrecognized losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, aggregated by investment category, and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized or unrecognized loss position at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized /
Unrecognized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized /
Unrecognized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized /
Unrecognized
Losses
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
3,808

 
$
(57
)
 
$
3,886

 
$
(103
)
 
$
7,694

 
$
(160
)
Agency debentures
328

 
(15
)
 
8

 

 
336

 
(15
)
Agency debt securities
22

 

 

 

 
22

 

Municipal bonds

 

 
16

 

 
16

 

Corporate bonds

 

 
5

 
(1
)
 
5

 
(1
)
Publicly traded equity securities
12

 

 

 

 
12

 

Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
$
4,170

 
$
(72
)
 
$
3,915

 
$
(104
)
 
$
8,085

 
$
(176
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
1,123

 
$
(11
)
 
$
1,722

 
$
(38
)
 
$
2,845

 
$
(49
)
Agency debentures
37

 

 

 

 
37

 

Agency debt securities
760

 
(4
)
 
143

 
(2
)
 
903

 
(6
)
Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
$
1,920

 
$
(15
)
 
$
1,865

 
$
(40
)
 
$
3,785

 
$
(55
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 


Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
403

 
$
(1
)
 
$
4,674

 
$
(104
)
 
$
5,077

 
$
(105
)
Agency debentures

 

 
9

 

 
9

 

Municipal bonds
3

 

 
16

 
(1
)
 
19

 
(1
)
Corporate bonds

 

 
5

 
(1
)
 
5

 
(1
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
$
406

 
$
(1
)
 
$
4,704

 
$
(106
)
 
$
5,110

 
$
(107
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs
$
45

 
$

 
$
2,289

 
$
(39
)
 
$
2,334

 
$
(39
)
Agency debt securities
110

 
(1
)
 
560

 
(5
)
 
670

 
(6
)
Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
$
155

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2,849

 
$
(44
)
 
$
3,004

 
$
(45
)
The Company does not believe that any individual unrealized loss in the available-for-sale or unrecognized loss in the held-to-maturity portfolio as of June 30, 2015 represents a credit loss. The credit loss component is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows, and is recognized in earnings. The noncredit loss component is the difference between the present value of its expected future cash flows and the fair value and is recognized through other comprehensive income ("OCI"). The Company assessed whether it intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell an impaired security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that the Company does not intend to sell as of the

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balance sheet date and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company determines the amount of the impairment that is related to credit and the amount due to all other factors.
The majority of the unrealized or unrecognized losses on mortgage-backed securities are attributable to changes in interest rates in the market. Agency residential mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, agency debentures and agency debt securities are guaranteed or issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies. Municipal bonds and corporate bonds are evaluated by reviewing the credit-worthiness of the issuer and general market conditions. The Company does not intend to sell the debt securities in an unrealized or unrecognized loss position as of the balance sheet date and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the debt securities before the anticipated recovery of its remaining amortized cost of the debt securities in an unrealized or unrecognized loss position at June 30, 2015.
There were no impairment losses recognized in earnings on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
Included within the Company's securities portfolios are securities that have been written-down to a zero carrying value. The credit loss component of debt securities held by the Company that had a noncredit loss component previously recognized in other comprehensive income was $152 million at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Of this amount, $123 million relates to debt securities that have been factored to zero, but the Company still holds legal title to these securities until maturity or until they are sold.
Gains on Loans and Securities, Net
The detailed components of the gains on loans and securities, net line item on the consolidated statement of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Gains on loans, net
$

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
7

Gains on securities, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on available-for-sale securities
8

 
3

 
18

 
$
22

Hedge ineffectiveness
3

 
(3
)
 
2

 
(7
)
Gains on securities, net
11

 

 
20

 
15

Gains on loans and securities, net
$
11

 
$
7

 
$
20

 
$
22


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NOTE 6—LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET
Loans receivable, net at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are summarized as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
One- to four-family
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

Home equity
2,453

 
2,834

Consumer and other
395

 
455

Total loans receivable
5,625

 
6,349

Unamortized premiums, net
29

 
34

Allowance for loan losses
(402
)
 
(404
)
Total loans receivable, net
$
5,252

 
$
5,979

At June 30, 2015, the Company pledged $4.8 billion and $0.4 billion of loans as collateral to the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank, respectively. At December 31, 2014, the Company pledged $5.4 billion and $0.5 billion of loans as collateral to the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank, respectively.
The following table represents the breakdown of the total recorded investment in loans receivable and allowance for loan losses by loans that have been collectively evaluated for impairment and those that have been individually evaluated for impairment at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
2,492

 
$
2,764

 
$
37

 
$
18

Home equity
2,242

 
2,625

 
289

 
310

Consumer and other
400

 
461

 
8

 
10

Total collectively evaluated for impairment
5,134

 
5,850

 
334

 
338

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
304

 
316

 
12

 
9

Home equity
216

 
217

 
56

 
57

Total individually evaluated for impairment
520

 
533

 
68

 
66

Total
$
5,654

 
$
6,383

 
$
402

 
$
404

Credit Quality and Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company tracks and reviews factors to predict and monitor credit risk in its mortgage loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. These factors include: loan type, estimated current LTV/CLTV ratios, delinquency history, borrowers’ current credit scores, housing prices, loan vintage and geographic location of the property. The Company believes LTV/CLTV ratios and credit scores are the key factors in determining future loan performance. The factors are updated on at least a quarterly basis. The Company tracks and reviews delinquency status to predict and monitor credit risk in the consumer and other loan portfolio on at least a quarterly basis.
Credit Quality
The following tables show the distribution of the Company’s mortgage loan portfolios by credit quality indicator at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 

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Table of Contents    

 
One- to Four-Family
 
Home Equity
Current LTV/CLTV (1)
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
<=80%
$
1,604

 
$
1,757

 
$
936

 
$
1,081

80%-100%
703

 
807

 
621

 
755

100%-120%
297

 
311

 
492

 
557

>120%
173

 
185

 
404

 
441

Total mortgage loans receivable
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

 
$
2,453

 
$
2,834

Average estimated current LTV/CLTV (2)
79
%
 
79
%
 
93
%
 
92
%
Average LTV/CLTV at loan origination (3)
71
%
 
71
%
 
81
%
 
80
%
 
(1)
Current CLTV calculations for home equity loans are based on the maximum available line for home equity lines of credit and outstanding principal balance for home equity installment loans. For home equity loans in the second lien position, the original balance of the first lien loan at origination date and updated valuations on the property underlying the loan are used to calculate CLTV. Current property values are updated on a quarterly basis using the most recent property value data available to the Company. For properties in which the Company did not have an updated valuation, home price indices were utilized to estimate the current property value.
(2)
The average estimated current LTV/CLTV ratio reflects the outstanding balance at the balance sheet date and the maximum available line for home equity lines of credit, divided by the estimated current value of the underlying property.
(3)
Average LTV/CLTV at loan origination calculations are based on LTV/CLTV at time of purchase for one- to four-family purchased loans and home equity installment loans and maximum available line for home equity lines of credit.
 
One- to Four-Family
 
Home Equity
Current FICO (1)
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
>=720
$
1,583

 
$
1,734

 
$
1,286

 
$
1,487

719 - 700
264

 
296

 
252

 
292

699 - 680
225

 
260

 
212

 
238

679 - 660
182

 
197

 
168

 
203

659 - 620
211

 
237

 
230

 
258

<620
312

 
336

 
305

 
356

Total mortgage loans receivable
$
2,777

 
$
3,060

 
$
2,453

 
$
2,834

(1)
FICO scores are updated on a quarterly basis; however, there were approximately $43 million and $49 million of one- to four-family loans at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and $3 million and $4 million of home equity loans, respectively, for which the updated FICO scores were not available. For these loans, the current FICO distribution included the most recent FICO scores where available, otherwise the original FICO score was used.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
One- to four-family loans include interest-only loans for a five to ten year period, followed by an amortizing period ranging from 20 to 25 years. At June 30, 2015, 40% of the Company's one- to four-family portfolio was not yet amortizing. However, during the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2015, approximately 17% of these borrowers made voluntary annual principal payments of at least $2,500 and slightly over a third of those borrowers made voluntary annual principal payments of at least $10,000.
The home equity loan portfolio is primarily second lien loans on residential real estate properties, which have a higher level of credit risk than first lien mortgage loans. Approximately 13% of the home equity portfolio was in the first lien position and the Company holds both the first and second lien positions in less than 1% of the home equity loan portfolio at June 30, 2015. The home equity loan portfolio consists of approximately 18% of home equity installment loans and approximately 82% of home equity lines of credit at June 30, 2015.
Home equity installment loans are primarily fixed rate and fixed term, fully amortizing loans that do not offer the option of an interest-only payment. The majority of home equity lines of credit convert to amortizing loans at the end of the draw period, which typically ranges from five to ten years. Approximately 6% of this portfolio will require the borrowers to repay the loan in full at the end of the draw period. At June 30, 2015, 72% of the home equity line of credit portfolio had not converted from the interest-only draw period and had not begun amortizing. However, during the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2015, approximately 40% of the borrowers made annual principal payments of at least $500 on their home equity lines of credit and slightly under half of those borrowers reduced their principal balance by at least $2,500.
The following table outlines when one- to four-family and home equity lines of credit convert to amortizing by percentage of the one- to four-family portfolio and home equity line of credit portfolios, respectively, at June 30, 2015:

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Table of Contents    

Period of Conversion to Amortizing Loan
% of One- to Four-Family
Portfolio
 
% of Home Equity Line of 
Credit Portfolio
Already amortizing
60%
 
28%
Through December 31, 2015
2%
 
14%
Year ending December 31, 2016
16%
 
43%
Year ending December 31, 2017
22%
 
14%
Year ending December 31, 2018 or later
—%
 
1%
Approximately 38% of the Company’s mortgage loans receivable were concentrated in California at both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. No other state had concentrations of mortgage loans that represented 10% or more of the Company’s mortgage loans receivable at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Delinquent Loans
The following table shows total loans receivable by delinquency category at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Current
 
30-89 Days
Delinquent
 
90-179 Days
Delinquent
 
180+ Days
Delinquent
 
Total
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
2,559

 
$
76

 
$
17

 
$
125

 
$
2,777

Home equity
2,317

 
61

 
33

 
42

 
2,453

Consumer and other
388

 
6

 
1

 

 
395

Total loans receivable
$
5,264

 
$
143

 
$
51

 
$
167

 
$
5,625

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
2,813

 
$
88

 
$
28

 
$
131

 
$
3,060

Home equity
2,702

 
60

 
29

 
43

 
2,834

Consumer and other
447

 
7

 
1

 

 
455

Total loans receivable
$
5,962

 
$
155

 
$
58

 
$
174

 
$
6,349

Nonperforming Loans
The Company classifies loans as nonperforming when they are no longer accruing interest, which includes loans that are 90 days and greater past due, TDRs that are on nonaccrual status for all classes of loans (including loans in bankruptcy) and certain junior liens that have a delinquent senior lien. The following table shows the comparative data for nonperforming loans at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
One- to four-family
$
282

 
$
294

Home equity
169

 
165

Consumer and other
1

 
1

Total nonperforming loans receivable
$
452

 
$
460

Real Estate Owned and Loans with Formal Foreclosure Proceedings in Process
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company held $26 million and $36 million, respectively, of real estate owned that were acquired through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. The Company also held $77 million and $107 million of loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

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Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table provides a roll forward by loan portfolio of the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
One- to
Four-Family
 
Home
Equity
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period
$
31

 
$
360

 
$
11

 
$
402

Provision for loan losses
20

 
(15
)
 
(2
)
 
3

Charge-offs
(2
)
 
(9
)
 
(3
)
 
(14
)
Recoveries

 
9

 
2

 
11

Charge-offs, net
(2
)
 

 
(1
)
 
(3
)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period
$
49

 
$
345

 
$
8

 
$
402

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
One- to
Four-Family
 
Home
Equity
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period
$
52

 
$
327

 
$
24

 
$
403

Provision for loan losses
(8
)
 
21

 
(1
)
 
12

Charge-offs

 
(17
)
 
(4
)
 
(21
)
Recoveries

 
6

 
1

 
7

Charge-offs, net

 
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
(14
)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period
$
44

 
$
337

 
$
20

 
$
401

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
One- to
Four-Family
 
Home
Equity
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period
$
27

 
$
367

 
$
10

 
$
404

Provision for loan losses
25

 
(17
)
 

 
8

Charge-offs
(3
)
 
(19
)
 
(6
)
 
(28
)
Recoveries

 
14

 
4

 
18

Charge-offs, net
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
(2
)
 
(10
)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period
$
49

 
$
345

 
$
8

 
$
402


 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
One- to
Four-Family
 
Home
Equity
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period
$
102

 
$
326

 
$
25

 
$
453

Provision for loan losses
(26
)
 
41

 
1

 
16

Charge-offs
(43
)
 
(41
)
 
(9
)
 
(93
)
Recoveries
11

 
11

 
3

 
25

Charge-offs, net
(32
)
 
(30
)
 
(6
)
 
(68
)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period
$
44

 
$
337

 
$
20

 
$
401

The general allowance for loan losses also included a qualitative component to account for a variety of factors that present additional uncertainty that may not be fully considered in the quantitative loss model but are factors the Company believes may impact the level of credit losses. The total qualitative component was $13 million and $37 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 1—Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on allowance for loan losses.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company received one-time payments of $2 million and $11 million, respectively, from third party mortgage originators to satisfy in full all pending and future repurchase requests with them. The Company recognized these settlements as recoveries to the allowance for loan losses, resulting in a corresponding reduction to net charge-offs as well as provision for loan losses.

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Table of Contents    

Impaired Loans—Troubled Debt Restructurings
TDRs include two categories of loans: (1) loan modifications completed under the Company’s programs that involve granting an economic concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and (2) loans that have been charged off based on the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs due to bankruptcy notification.
Delinquency status is the primary measure the Company uses to evaluate the performance of loans modified as TDRs. As mentioned above, the Company classifies loans as nonperforming when they are no longer accruing interest, which includes loans that are 90 days and greater past due, TDRs that are on nonaccrual status for all classes of loans, including loans in bankruptcy, and certain junior liens that have a delinquent senior lien. The following table shows a summary of the Company’s recorded investment in TDRs that were on accrual and nonaccrual status, further disaggregated by delinquency status, in addition to the recorded investment in TDRs at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
  
 
 
Nonaccrual TDRs
 
 
 
Accrual 
TDRs(1)
 
Current(2)
 
30-89 Days
Delinquent
 
90-179 Days
Delinquent
 
180+ Days
Delinquent
 
Total Recorded
Investment in 
TDRs (3)(4)
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
110

 
$
115

 
$
23

 
$
5

 
$
51

 
$
304

Home equity
118

 
58

 
14

 
7

 
19

 
216

Total
$
228

 
$
173

 
$
37

 
$
12

 
$
70

 
$
520

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
121

 
$
111

 
$
24

 
$
12

 
$
48

 
$
316

Home equity
127

 
51

 
14

 
6

 
19

 
217

Total
$
248

 
$
162

 
$
38

 
$
18

 
$
67

 
$
533

(1)
Represents loans modified as TDRs that are current and have made six or more consecutive payments.
(2)
Represents loans modified as TDRs that are current but have not yet made six consecutive payments, bankruptcy loans and certain junior lien TDRs that have a delinquent senior lien.
(3)
The unpaid principal balance in one- to four-family TDRs was $301 million and $314 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. For home equity loans, the recorded investment in TDRs represents the unpaid principal balance.
(4)
Total recorded investment in TDRs at June 30, 2015 consisted of $352 million of loans modified as TDRs and $168 million of loans that have been charged off due to bankruptcy notification. Total recorded investment in TDRs at December 31, 2014 consisted of $354 million of loans modified as TDRs and $179 million of loans that have been charged off due to bankruptcy notification.
The following table shows the average recorded investment and interest income recognized both on a cash and accrual basis for the Company’s TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
One- to four-family
$
307

 
$
520

 
$
2

 
$
3

Home equity
221

 
229

 
4

 
5

Total
$
528

 
$
749

 
$
6

 
$
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
One- to four-family
$
310

 
$
797

 
$
4

 
$
11

Home equity
219

 
233

 
9

 
9

Total
$
529

 
$
1,030

 
$
13

 
$
20

The decrease in the average recorded investments of one- to four-family TDRs comparing the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was primarily due to the sale of $0.8 billion of one- to four-family loans modified as TDRs during 2014.

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Table of Contents    

Included in the allowance for loan losses was a specific valuation allowance of $68 million and $66 million that was established for TDRs at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The specific allowance for these individually impaired loans represents the forecasted losses over the estimated remaining life of the loans, including the economic concessions granted to the borrowers. The following table shows detailed information related to the Company’s TDRs at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
  
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Recorded
Investment
in TDRs
 
Specific
Valuation
Allowance
 
Net Investment
in TDRs
 
Recorded
Investment
in TDRs
 
Specific
Valuation
Allowance
 
Net Investment
in TDRs
With a recorded allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
84

 
$
12

 
$
72

 
$
88

 
$
9

 
$
79

Home equity
$
123

 
$
56

 
$
67

 
$
118

 
$
57

 
$
61

Without a recorded allowance:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
220

 
$

 
$
220

 
$
228

 
$

 
$
228

Home equity
$
93

 
$

 
$
93

 
$
99

 
$

 
$
99

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family
$
304

 
$
12

 
$
292

 
$
316

 
$
9

 
$
307

Home equity
$
216

 
$
56

 
$
160

 
$
217

 
$
57

 
$
160

(1)
Represents loans where the discounted cash flow analysis or collateral value is equal to or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan.
Troubled Debt Restructurings — Loan Modifications
The Company has loan modification programs that focus on the mitigation of potential losses in the one- to four-family and home equity mortgage loan portfolio. The Company currently does not have an active loan modification program for consumer and other loans. The various types of economic concessions that may be granted in a loan modification typically consist of interest rate reductions, maturity date extensions, principal forgiveness or a combination of these concessions. The Company uses specialized servicers that focus on loan modifications and pursue trial modifications for loans that are more than 180 days delinquent. Trial modifications are classified immediately as TDRs and continue to be reported as delinquent until the successful completion of the trial period, which is typically 90 days. The loan then becomes a permanent modification reported as current but remains on nonaccrual status until six consecutive payments have been made.
The vast majority of the Company’s loans modified as TDRs include an interest rate reduction in combination with another type of concession. The Company prioritizes the interest rate reduction modifications in combination with the following modification categories: principal forgiven, principal deferred and re-age/extension/capitalization of accrued interest. Each class is mutually exclusive in that if a modification had an interest rate reduction with principal forgiven and an extension, the modification would only be presented in the principal forgiven column in the table below. The following tables provide the number of loans, post-modification balances immediately after being modified by major class, and the financial impact of modifications during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents    

 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
Interest Rate Reduction
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Impact
 
Number of
Loans
 
Principal
Forgiven
 
Re-age/
Extension/
Interest
Capitalization
 
Other with
Interest Rate
Reduction
 
Other
 
Total
 
Pre-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
One- to four-family
10

 
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
3

 
4.7
%
 
2.8
%
Home equity
10

 

 
1

 

 

 
1

 
4.0
%
 
2.0
%
Total
20

 
$

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
Interest Rate Reduction
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Impact
 
Number of
Loans
 
Principal
Forgiven
 
Re-age/
Extension/
Interest
Capitalization
 
Other with
Interest Rate
Reduction
 
Other
 
Total
 
Pre-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
One- to four-family
4

 
$

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
4.1
%
 
2.9
%
Home equity
68

 

 
1

 
1

 
3

 
5

 
6.3
%
 
2.7
%
Total
72

 
$

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
3

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
Interest Rate Reduction
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Impact
 
Number of
Loans
 
Principal
Forgiven
 
Re-age/
Extension/
Interest
Capitalization
 
Other with
Interest Rate
Reduction
 
Other(1)
 
Total
 
Pre-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
One- to four-family
16

 
$

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
4

 
5.0
%
 
2.6
%
Home equity
253

 

 
2

 
1

 
16

 
19

 
3.8
%
 
4.4
%
Total
269

 
$

 
$
5

 
$
1

 
$
17

 
$
23

 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
Interest Rate Reduction
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Impact
 
Number of
Loans
 
Principal
Forgiven
 
Re-age/
Extension/
Interest
Capitalization
 
Other with
Interest Rate
Reduction
 
Other
 
Total
 
Pre-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification
Weighted Average Interest Rate
One- to four-family
37

 
$
1

 
$
5

 
$
2

 
$
4

 
$
12

 
4.8
%
 
2.7
%
Home equity
114

 

 
3

 
2

 
4

 
9

 
5.3
%
 
2.4
%
Total
151

 
$
1

 
$
8

 
$
4

 
$
8

 
$
21

 
 
 
 
(1)
Includes TDRs that resulted from a loan modification program offered to a subset of borrowers with home equity lines of credit whose original loan terms provided the borrowers the option to accelerate their date of conversion to amortizing loans. As certain terms of the Company's offer represented economic concessions, such as longer amortization periods than were in the original loan agreements, this program resulted in $14 million of TDRs during the first quarter of 2015.

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Table of Contents    

The Company considers modifications that become 30 days past due to have experienced a payment default. The following table shows the recorded investment in modifications that experienced a payment default within 12 months after the modification for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Number of
Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of
Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
One- to four-family(1)

 
$

 
3

 
$
1

Home equity(2)(3)
28

 
1

 
13

 
1

Total
28

 
$
1

 
16

 
$
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Number of
Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of
Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
One- to four-family(1)
2

 
$
1

 
21

 
$
8

Home equity(2)(3)
68

 
3

 
21

 
1

Total
70

 
$
4

 
42

 
$
9

(1)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, $0 and $1 million, respectively of the recorded investment in one- to four-family loans that had a payment default in the trailing 12 months was classified as current, compared to $1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
(2)
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, $1 million and $2 million of the recorded investment in home equity loans that had a payment default in the trailing 12 months was classified as current, compared to less than $1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
(3)
The majority of these home equity modifications during the six months ended June 30, 2015 experienced servicer transfers during this same period.
NOTE 7—ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company enters into derivative transactions primarily to protect against interest rate risk on the value of certain assets, liabilities and future cash flows. Cash flow hedges, which include a combination of interest rate swaps and purchased options, including caps, are used primarily to reduce the variability of future cash flows associated with existing variable-rate assets and liabilities and forecasted issuances of liabilities. Fair value hedges, which include interest rate swaps, are used to offset exposure to changes in value of certain fixed-rate assets and liabilities. Each derivative instrument is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value as a freestanding asset or liability. The following table summarizes the fair value amounts of derivatives designated as hedging instruments reported in the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Asset(1)
 
Liability(2)
 
Net(3)
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
$
1,750

 
$
17

 
$
(23
)
 
$
(6
)
Fair value hedges
2,296

 
41

 
(27
)
 
14

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments(4)
$
4,046

 
$
58

 
$
(50
)
 
$
8

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
$
2,000

 
$
23

 
$
(24
)
 
$
(1
)
Fair value hedges
1,069

 
1

 
(42
)
 
(41
)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments(4)
$
3,069

 
$
24

 
$
(66
)
 
$
(42
)
 
(1)
Reflected in the other assets line item on the consolidated balance sheet.
(2)
Reflected in the other liabilities line item on the consolidated balance sheet.
(3)
Represents derivative assets net of derivative liabilities for disclosure purposes only.
(4)
All derivatives were designated as hedging instruments at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

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Cash Flow Hedges
The effective portion of the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments in a cash flow hedge is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the consolidated balance sheet, for both active and discontinued hedges. Amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net operating interest income as a yield adjustment in the same period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative instrument in a cash flow hedge, which is equal to the excess of the cumulative change in the fair value of the actual derivative over the cumulative change in the fair value of a hypothetical derivative which is created to match the exact terms of the underlying instruments being hedged, is reported in the gains on loans and securities, net line item in the consolidated statement of income.
If it becomes probable that a hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the specific hedging instruments would be immediately reclassified into the gains on loans and securities, net line item in the consolidated statement of income. If hedge accounting is discontinued because a derivative instrument is sold, terminated or otherwise de-designated, amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the specific hedging instrument continue to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the forecasted transaction affects earnings.
The future issuances of liabilities, including repurchase agreements, are largely dependent on the market demand and liquidity in the wholesale borrowings market. At June 30, 2015, the Company believes the forecasted issuance of all liabilities in cash flow hedge relationships is probable. However, unexpected changes in market conditions in future periods could impact the ability to issue these liabilities. The Company believes the forecasted issuance of liabilities in the form of repurchase agreements is most susceptible to an unexpected change in market conditions.
The following table summarizes the effect of interest rate contracts designated and qualifying as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss and on the consolidated statement of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2015(1)
 
2014(1)
 
2015(1)
 
2014(1)
Gains (losses) on derivatives recognized in OCI (effective portion), net of tax
 
$
6

 
$
(16
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(32
)
Losses reclassified from AOCI into earnings (effective portion), net of tax
 
$
(16
)
 
$
(20
)
 
$
(32
)
 
$
(41
)
(1)
The Company had cash flow hedge ineffectiveness gains of less than $1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which are reflected in the Gains on loans and securities, net line item on the consolidated statement of income.
During the upcoming twelve months, the Company expects to include a pre-tax amount of approximately $101 million of net unrealized losses that are currently reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss in net operating interest income as a yield adjustment in the same periods in which the related hedged items affect earnings. The maximum length of time over which transactions are hedged is 7 years.
The following table shows the balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to active and discontinued cash flow hedges at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance (net of tax) related to:
 
 
 
Discontinued cash flow hedges
$
(199
)
 
$
(227
)
Active cash flow hedges
(35
)
 
(34
)
Total cash flow hedges
$
(234
)
 
$
(261
)

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The following table shows the balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to cash flow hedges by type of hedged item at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Repurchase agreements
$
(309
)
 
$
(341
)
FHLB advances
(71
)
 
(81
)
Total balance of cash flow hedges, before tax
(380
)
 
(422
)
Tax benefit
146

 
161

Total balance of cash flow hedges, net of tax
$
(234
)
 
$
(261
)
Fair Value Hedges
Fair value hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument and the fair value of the asset or liability being hedged on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of both the derivative instruments and the underlying assets or liabilities are recognized in the gains on loans and securities, net line item in the consolidated statement of income. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, the changes in the fair values will not offset and the difference, or hedge ineffectiveness, is reflected in the gains on loans and securities, net line item in the consolidated statement of income.
Hedge accounting is discontinued for fair value hedges if a derivative instrument is sold, terminated or otherwise de-designated. If fair value hedge accounting is discontinued, the previously hedged item is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value through the consolidated statement of income and the cumulative net gain or loss on the hedged asset or liability at the time of de-designation is amortized to interest income or interest expense using the effective interest method over the expected remaining life of the hedged item. Changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments after de-designation of fair value hedge accounting are recorded in the gains on loans and securities, net line item in the consolidated statement of income.
The following table summarizes the effect of interest rate contracts designated and qualifying as hedging instruments in fair value hedges and related hedged items on the consolidated statement of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Hedging
Instrument
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness(1)
 
Hedging
Instrument
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness(1)
Agency debentures
$
36

 
$
(35
)
 
$
1

 
$
(26
)
 
$
23

 
$
(3
)
Agency mortgage-backed securities
59

 
(57
)
 
2

 
(6
)
 
6

 

Total gains (losses) included in earnings
$
95

 
$
(92
)
 
$
3

 
$
(32
)
 
$
29

 
$
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Hedging
Instrument
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness(1)
 
Hedging
Instrument
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness(1)
Agency debentures
$
15

 
$
(15
)
 
$

 
$
(57
)
 
$
50

 
$
(7
)
Agency mortgage-backed securities
40

 
(38
)
 
2

 
(17
)
 
17

 

Total gains (losses) included in earnings
$
55

 
$
(53
)
 
$
2

 
$
(74
)
 
$
67

 
$
(7
)
(1)
Reflected in the gains on loans and securities, net line item on the consolidated statement of income.

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NOTE 8—SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE, FHLB ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and other borrowings at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are shown in the following table (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
FHLB Advances and
Other Borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase
Agreements(1)
 
FHLB
Advances
 
Other
 
Total
 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
Due within one year
$
3,217

 
$
270

 
$

 
$
3,487

 
0.31%
Due between one and two years
400

 
250

 

 
650

 
0.90%
Due between two and three years

 
400

 

 
400

 
0.45%
Thereafter

 

 
428

 
428

 
2.96%
Subtotal
3,617

 
920

 
428

 
4,965

 
0.63%
Fair value hedge adjustments

 
16

 

 
16

 
 
Deferred costs

 
(55
)
 

 
(55
)
 
 
Total at June 30, 2015
$
3,617

 
$
881

 
$
428

 
$
4,926

 
0.63%
Total at December 31, 2014
$
3,672

 
$
871

 
$
428

 
$
4,971

 
0.64%
(1)
The maximum amount at any month end for repurchase agreements was $3.8 billion and $4.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2014, respectively.
Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending Transactions Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
The following table summarizes the gross obligation and the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions that are accounted for as secured borrowings by the class of collateral pledged at June 30, 2015 (dollars in millions):
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
 
Overnight and Continuous
 
Up to 30 days
 
30-90 days
 
90 days to one year
 
One year to two years
 
Total
Repurchase agreements:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
$

 
$
2,397

 
$
130

 
$
690

 
$
400

 
$
3,617

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits received for securities loaned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
$
1,948

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,948

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions
 
 
 
$
5,565

(1)
Repurchase agreements include $2 million of accrued interest payable for repurchase agreements at June 30, 2015.
Repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions expose the Company to counterparty credit risk and market risk associated with the collateral pledged under these transactions. To manage the counterparty risk, the Company maintains internal standards for approving counterparties, reviews and analyzes the credit rating of each counterparty, and monitors its positions with each counterparty on an ongoing basis. In addition, for certain of the Company's securities lending transactions, the Company uses a program with a clearing organization that guarantees the return of securities to the Company.
The Company manages its exposure to market risk associated with the collateral pledged under these transactions by using collateral arrangements that require additional collateral to be obtained from or excess collateral to be returned to the counterparties based on changes in market value, to maintain specified collateral levels. See Note 4—Offsetting Assets and Liabilities for more information about the collateral agreements and the potential effect of rights of set off between the recognized assets and recognized liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
E*TRADE Clearing maintains secured committed lines of credit with two unaffiliated banks, aggregating to $175 million at June 30, 2015, which are scheduled to mature in June 2016. It also maintains $375 million secured uncommitted lines of credit with several unaffiliated banks. During the second quarter of 2015, E*TRADE Clearing entered into a new 364-

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day, $345 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks. The credit facility contains maintenance covenants relating to E*TRADE Clearing's minimum consolidated tangible net worth and regulatory net capital ratio. There was no outstanding balance on any of these lines of credit or credit facilities at June 30, 2015.
NOTE 9—CORPORATE DEBT
Corporate debt at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is outlined in the following table (dollars in millions):
 
Face Value
 
Discount
 
Net
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing notes:
 
 
 
 
 
3/8% Notes, due 2022
$
540

 
$
(6
)
 
$
534

5/8% Notes, due 2023
460

 
(6
)
 
454

Total interest-bearing notes
1,000

 
(12
)
 
988

Non-interest-bearing debt:
 
 
 
 
 
0% Convertible debentures, due 2019
35

 

 
35

Total corporate debt
$
1,035

 
$
(12
)
 
$
1,023

 
Face Value
 
Discount
 
Net
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing notes:
 
 
 
 
 
6 3/8% Notes, due 2019
$
800

 
$
(5
)
 
$
795

3/8% Notes, due 2022
540

 
(7
)
 
533

Total interest-bearing notes
1,340

 
(12
)
 
1,328

Non-interest-bearing debt:
 
 
 
 
 
0% Convertible debentures, due 2019
38

 

 
38

Total corporate debt
$
1,378

 
$
(12
)
 
$
1,366

During the first quarter of 2015, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $460 million in 4 5/8% Notes, due 2023. Interest is payable semi-annually and the notes may be called by the Company beginning March 15, 2018 at a premium, which declines over time. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4 5/8% Notes, along with approximately $432 million of existing corporate cash to redeem all of the outstanding 6 3/8% Notes due 2019 including paying the associated redemption premiums of $68 million, accrued interest and related fees and expenses. This resulted in $73 million in losses on early extinguishment of debt for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The Company also entered into an amendment to the senior secured revolving credit facility to increase commitments thereunder by $50 million during the first quarter of 2015. There was available capacity for borrowings under the revolving credit facility of $250 million as of June 30, 2015 and the credit facility expires in November 2017. The Company has the ability to borrow against the credit facility for working capital and general corporate purposes. The credit facility contains certain maintenance covenants, including the requirement for the parent company to maintain unrestricted cash of $100 million. At June 30, 2015, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility.

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NOTE 10—INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax benefit was $175 million and $152 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $43 million and $90 million for the same periods in 2014. The effective tax rate was (149)% and (84)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to 38% and 35% for the same periods in 2014. The difference between the effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and the statutory tax rate was primarily due to the settlement of the IRS examination of the Company's 2007, 2009 and 2010 federal tax returns which resulted in the recognition of a $220 million income tax benefit. See the Unrecognized Tax Benefits section below for additional information.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 (dollars in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period
$
329

 
$
330

Additions based on tax positions related to prior years
6

 
6

Additions based on tax positions related to current year

 
1

Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years
(303
)
 
(304
)
Settlements with taxing authorities

 
(1
)
Statute of limitations lapses
(1
)
 
(1
)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period
$
31

 
$
31

The unrecognized tax benefits decreased $299 million to $31 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015. In May 2015, the Company settled the IRS examination of its 2007, 2009 and 2010 federal tax returns. As a result, the Company released $303 million of reserves related to the uncertain tax positions in the second quarter of 2015. During the third quarter of 2009, the Company incurred a loss on the exchange of $1.7 billion interest-bearing corporate debt for non-interest-bearing convertible debentures. The uncertain tax positions were primarily related to whether certain components of that loss were considered deductible or non-deductible for tax purposes.
Deferred Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recorded when revenues and expenses are recognized in different periods for financial statement and tax return purposes. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, deferred tax assets increased $152 million to $1.1 billion, mainly related to the settlement of the IRS examination as discussed in the Unrecognized Tax Benefits section above.
NOTE 11—ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following tables present after-tax changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions): 
 
Available-for-sale
Securities
 
Cash Flow 
Hedging
Instruments
 
Foreign 
Currency
Translation
 
Total
Beginning balance, March 31, 2015
$
40

 
$
(256
)
 
$
5

 
$
(211
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(59
)
 
6

 

 
(53
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5
)
 
16

 

 
11

Net change
(64
)
 
22

 

 
(42
)
Ending balance, June 30, 2015
$
(24
)
 
$
(234
)
 
$
5

 
$
(253
)

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Available-for-sale
Securities
 
Cash Flow 
Hedging
Instruments
 
Foreign 
Currency
Translation
 
Total
Beginning balance, March 31, 2014
$
(91
)
 
$
(293
)
 
$
5

 
$
(379
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
82

 
(16
)
 

 
66

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(2
)
 
20

 

 
18

Net change
80

 
4

 

 
84

Ending balance, June 30, 2014
$
(11
)
 
$
(289
)
 
$
5

 
$
(295
)
 
Available-for-sale
Securities
 
Cash Flow 
Hedging
Instruments
 
Foreign 
Currency
Translation
 
Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2014
$
7

 
$
(261
)
 
$
5

 
$
(249
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(20
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(25
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(11
)
 
32

 

 
21

Net change
(31
)
 
27

 

 
(4
)
Ending balance, June 30, 2015
$
(24
)
 
$
(234
)
 
$
5

 
$
(253
)
 
Available-for-sale
Securities
 
Cash Flow
Hedging
Instruments
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation
 
Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2013
$
(160
)
 
$
(298
)
 
$
5

 
$
(453
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
163

 
(32
)
 

 
131

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(14
)
 
41

 

 
27

Net change
149

 
9

 

 
158

Ending balance, June 30, 2014
$
(11
)
 
$
(289
)
 
$
5

 
$
(295
)
The following table presents the income statement line items impacted by reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in millions):
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components
 
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Affected Line Items in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
8

 
$
3

 
$
18

 
$
22

 
Gains on loans and securities, net
 
 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(7
)
 
(8
)
 
Tax expense
 
 
$
5

 
$
2

 
$
11

 
$
14

 
Reclassification into earnings, net
Cash flow hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(26
)
 
$
(32
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
(67
)
 
Operating interest expense
 
 
10

 
12

 
20

 
26

 
Tax expense
 
 
$
(16
)
 
$
(20
)
 
$
(32
)
 
$
(41
)
 
Reclassification into earnings, net

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NOTE 12—EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions, except share data and per share amounts): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
292

 
$
69

 
$
332

 
$
166

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands)
290,086

 
288,705

 
289,915

 
288,380

Basic earnings per share
$
1.01

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.15

 
$
0.57

Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
292

 
$
69

 
$
332

 
$
166

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands)
290,086

 
288,705

 
289,915

 
288,380

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average convertible debentures (in thousands)
3,568

 
4,068

 
3,603

 
4,073

Weighted-average options and restricted stock issued to employees (in thousands)
1,282

 
1,053

 
1,394

 
1,360

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands)
294,936

 
293,826

 
294,912

 
293,813

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.99

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.13

 
$
0.56

For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company excluded 0.1 million and 0.5 million shares, respectively, of stock options and restricted stock awards and units from the calculations of diluted earnings per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company excluded 0.1 million and 0.6 million shares, respectively, of stock options and restricted stock awards and units from the calculations of diluted earnings per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. 
NOTE 13—REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Registered Broker-Dealers
The Company’s U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (the "Rule") under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 administered by the SEC and FINRA, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital. The minimum net capital requirements can be met under either the Aggregate Indebtedness method or the Alternative method. Under the Aggregate Indebtedness method, a broker-dealer is required to maintain minimum net capital of the greater of 6 2/3% of its aggregate indebtedness, as defined, or a minimum dollar amount. Under the Alternative method, a broker-dealer is required to maintain net capital equal to the greater of $250,000 or 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions. The method used depends on the individual U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary. The Company’s other broker-dealers, including its international broker-dealer subsidiaries located in Europe and Asia, are subject to capital requirements determined by their respective regulators.    

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At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, all of the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries met minimum net capital requirements. The tables below summarize the minimum excess capital requirements for the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
Required Net
Capital
 
Net Capital
 
Excess Net
Capital
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Clearing(1)
$
180

 
$
972

 
$
792

E*TRADE Securities(1)(2)

 
55

 
55

Other broker-dealers
1

 
19

 
18

Total
$
181

 
$
1,046

 
$
865

December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Clearing(1)
$
170

 
$
795

 
$
625

E*TRADE Securities(1)

 
459

 
459

Other broker-dealers
1

 
19

 
18

Total
$
171

 
$
1,273

 
$
1,102

 
(1)
Elected to use the Alternative method to compute net capital. The net capital requirement was $250,000 for E*TRADE Securities for both periods presented.
(2)
E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in February 2015 and subsequently paid dividends of $485 million to the parent company.
Banking
E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Beginning on January 1, 2015, both E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank calculate regulatory capital under the Basel III framework using the Standardized Approach, subject to transition provisions. Prior to Basel III becoming effective, the risk-based capital guidelines that applied to E*TRADE Bank were based upon the 1988 capital accords of the BCBS, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors, as implemented by the U.S. Federal banking agencies, including the OCC, commonly known as Basel I. As a savings and loan holding company, E*TRADE Financial was not previously subject to specific statutory capital requirements. Under the Basel III framework, the vast majority of the Company's margin receivables qualified for 0% risk-weighting and a larger portion of the Company's deferred tax assets were included in regulatory capital, both having a favorable impact on the Company's current capital ratios. A portion of this benefit was offset as trust preferred securities are phased-out from the parent company's capital. In addition, in the first quarter of 2015, the Company made the one-time permanent election to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income from the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 capital.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can trigger certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on E*TRADE Financial’s and E*TRADE Bank’s financial condition and results of operations. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of E*TRADE Financial’s and E*TRADE Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. In addition, E*TRADE Bank may not pay dividends to the parent company without approval from its regulators and any loans by E*TRADE Bank to the parent company and its other non-bank subsidiaries are subject to various quantitative, arm’s length, collateralization and other requirements. E*TRADE Financial’s and E*TRADE Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank to meet minimum Common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, Total risk-based capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios. Events beyond management's control, such as deterioration in credit markets, could adversely affect future earnings and E*TRADE Financial’s and E*TRADE Bank’s ability to meet future capital requirements and, in the case of E*TRADE Bank, their ability to pay dividends to the parent company. E*TRADE Financial and E*TRADE Bank were categorized as "well capitalized" under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action for the periods presented in the table below (dollars in millions):

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June 30, 2015(1)
 
December 31, 2014(1)
 
Actual
 
Well Capitalized Minimum Capital
 
Excess Capital
 
Actual
 
Well Capitalized Minimum Capital
 
Excess Capital
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
E*TRADE Bank(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage
$
4,284

 
9.8
%
 
$
2,195

 
5.0
%
 
$
2,089

 
$
4,548

 
10.6
%
 
$
2,143

 
5.0
%
 
$
2,405

Tier 1 risk-based capital
$
4,284

 
45.4
%
 
$
755

 
8.0
%
 
$
3,529

 
$
4,548

 
25.7
%
 
$
1,063

 
6.0
%
 
$
3,485

Total risk-based capital
$
4,407

 
46.7
%
 
$
945

 
10.0
%
 
$
3,462

 
$
4,772

 
26.9
%
 
$
1,772

 
10.0
%
 
$
3,000

Common equity Tier 1 capital(3)
$
4,284

 
45.4
%
 
$
613

 
6.5
%
 
$
3,671

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

(1)
Due to the change in regulatory requirements described above, the June 30, 2015 ratios were calculated under Basel III requirements and the December 31, 2014 ratios were calculated under Basel I requirements.
(2)
E*TRADE Securities was moved out from under E*TRADE Bank in February 2015.
(3)
The Basel III rule established Common Equity Tier 1 capital as a new tier of capital.
 
June 30, 2015
 
Actual
 
Well Capitalized Minimum Capital
 
Excess Capital
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
E*TRADE Financial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage
$
3,813

 
8.5
%
 
$
2,249

 
5.0
%
 
$
1,564

Tier 1 risk-based capital
$
3,813

 
37.7
%
 
$
808

 
8.0
%
 
$
3,005

Total risk-based capital
$
4,274

 
42.3
%
 
$
1,010

 
10.0
%
 
$
3,264

Common equity Tier 1 capital
$
3,813

 
37.7
%
 
$
657

 
6.5
%
 
$
3,156

NOTE 14—COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER REGULATORY MATTERS
Legal Matters
The Company reviews its lawsuits, regulatory inquiries and other legal proceedings on an ongoing basis and provides disclosure and records loss contingencies in accordance with the loss contingencies accounting guidance. The Company establishes an accrual for losses at management's best estimate when it assesses that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, the estimated liability is revised based on currently available information when an event occurs requiring an adjustment.
Litigation Matters
On October 27, 2000, Ajaxo, Inc. ("Ajaxo") filed a complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California, County of Santa Clara. Ajaxo sought damages and certain non-monetary relief for the Company’s alleged breach of a non-disclosure agreement with Ajaxo pertaining to certain wireless technology that Ajaxo offered the Company as well as damages and other relief against the Company for their alleged misappropriation of Ajaxo’s trade secrets. Following a jury trial, a judgment was entered in 2003 in favor of Ajaxo against the Company for $1 million for breach of the Ajaxo non-disclosure agreement. Although the jury found in favor of Ajaxo on its claim against the Company for misappropriation of trade secrets, the trial court subsequently denied Ajaxo’s requests for additional damages and relief. On December 21, 2005, the California Court of Appeal affirmed the above-described award against the Company for breach of the nondisclosure agreement but remanded the case to the trial court for the limited purpose of determining what, if any, additional damages Ajaxo may be entitled to as a result of the jury’s previous finding in favor of Ajaxo on its claim against the Company for misappropriation of trade secrets. Although the Company paid Ajaxo the full amount due on the above-described judgment, the case was remanded back to the trial court, and on May 30, 2008, a jury returned a verdict in favor of the Company denying all claims raised and demands for damages against the Company. Following the trial court’s entry of judgment in favor of the Company on September 5, 2008, Ajaxo filed post-trial motions for vacating this entry of judgment and requesting a new trial. The trial court denied these motions. On December 2, 2008, Ajaxo filed a notice of appeal with the Court of Appeal of the State of California for the Sixth District. On August 30, 2010, the Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court’s verdict in part and reversed the verdict in part, remanding the case. The Company petitioned the Supreme Court of California for review of the Court of Appeal decision. On December 16, 2010, the California Supreme Court denied the Company’s petition for review and remanded for further proceedings to the trial

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court. The testimonial phase of the third trial in this matter concluded on June 12, 2012. By order dated May 28, 2014, the Court determined to conduct a second phase of this bench trial to allow Ajaxo to attempt to prove entitlement to additional royalties. Hearings in phase two of the trial concluded January 8, 2015. Final written closing statements were submitted March 27, 2015. A decision is expected shortly. The Company will continue to defend itself vigorously.
On May 16, 2011, Droplets Inc., the holder of two patents pertaining to user interface servers, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against E*TRADE Financial Corporation, E*TRADE Securities, E*TRADE Bank and multiple other unaffiliated financial services firms. Plaintiff contends that the defendants engaged in patent infringement under federal law. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages and an injunction against future infringements, plus royalties, costs, interest and attorneys’ fees. On March 28, 2012, a change of venue was granted and the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Company filed its answer and counterclaim on June 13, 2012 and plaintiff moved to dismiss the counterclaim. The Company's motion for summary judgment on the grounds of non-infringement was granted by the U.S. District Court in a Decision and Order dated March 9, 2015. All remaining claims are stayed pending resolution of issues on Droplet's remaining patents under review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB"). On July 6, 2015, the PTAB instituted an inter parties review of plaintiff's 115 patent, which is scheduled to be litigated through March 2016. The Company will continue to defend itself vigorously in this matter, both in the District Court and at the U.S. Patent Office.
Several cases have been filed nationwide involving the April 2007 leveraged buyout ("LBO") of the Tribune Company ("Tribune") by Sam Zell, and the subsequent bankruptcy of Tribune. In William Niese et al. v. A.G. Edwards et al., in Superior Court of Delaware, New Castle County, former Tribune employees and retirees claimed that Tribune was actually insolvent at the time of the LBO and that the LBO constituted a fraudulent transaction that depleted the plaintiffs’ retirement plans, rendering them worthless. E*TRADE Clearing, along with numerous other financial institutions, is a named defendant in this case. One of the defendants removed the action to federal district court in Delaware on July 1, 2011. In Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas et al. v. Adaly Opportunity Fund et al., filed in the Supreme Court of New York, New York County on June 3, 2011, the Trustees of certain notes issued by Tribune allege wrongdoing in connection with the LBO. In particular the Trustees claim that the LBO constituted a constructive fraudulent transfer under various state laws. G1 Execution Services, LLC (formerly known as E*TRADE Capital Markets, LLC), along with numerous other financial institutions, is a named defendant in this case. In Deutsche Bank et al. v. Ohlson et al., filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, noteholders of Tribune asserted claims of constructive fraud and G1 Execution Services, LLC is a named defendant in this case. Under the agreement governing the sale of G1 Execution Services, LLC to Susquehanna International Group, LLP ("Susquehanna"), the Company remains responsible for any resulting actions taken against G1 Execution Services, LLC as a result of such investigation. In EGI-TRB LLC et al. v. ABN-AMRO et al., filed in the Circuit Court of Cook County Illinois, creditors of Tribune assert fraudulent conveyance claims against multiple shareholder defendants and E*TRADE Clearing is a named defendant in this case. These cases have been consolidated into a multi-district litigation. The Company’s time to answer or otherwise respond to the complaints has been stayed pending further orders of the Court. On September 18, 2013, the Court entered the Fifth Amended Complaint. On September 23, 2013, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss the individual creditors’ complaint. The individual creditors filed a notice of appeal. The steering committees for plaintiffs and defendants have submitted a joint plan for the next phase of litigation. The next phase of the action will involve individual motions to dismiss. On April 22, 2014, the Court issued its protocols for dismissal motions for those defendants who were "mere conduits" who facilitated the transactions at issue. The motion to dismiss Count I of the Fifth Amended Complaint for failure to state a cause of action was fully briefed on July 2, 2014, and the parties await decision on that motion. The Company will defend itself vigorously in these matters.
On April 30, 2013, a putative class action was filed by John Scranton, on behalf of himself and a class of persons similarly situated, against E*TRADE Financial Corporation and E*TRADE Securities in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara, pursuant to the California procedures for a private Attorney General action. The Complaint alleged that the Company misrepresented through its website that it would always automatically exercise options that were in-the-money by $0.01 or more on expiration date. Plaintiffs allege violations of the California Unfair Competition Law, the California Consumer Remedies Act, fraud, misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation and breach of fiduciary duty. The case has been deemed complex within the meaning of the California Rules of Court, and a case management conference was held on September 13, 2013. The Company’s demurrer and motion to strike the complaint were granted by order dated December 20, 2013. The Court granted leave to amend the complaint. A second amended complaint was filed on January 31, 2014. On March 11, 2014, the Company moved to strike and for a demurrer to the second amended complaint. On October 20, 2014, the Court sustained the Company's demurrer, dismissing four counts of the second amended complaint with prejudice and two counts without prejudice. The plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint on November 10, 2014. The Company filed a third demurrer and motion to strike on December 12, 2014. By order dated March 18, 2015, the Superior Court entered a final order sustaining the Company's demurrer on all remaining claims with prejudice. Final judgment was entered in the Company's favor on April 8, 2015. Plaintiff filed a Notice of Appeal April 27, 2015. The Company will continue to defend itself vigorously in this matter.

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On April 18, 2014, a putative class action was filed by the City of Providence, Rhode Island against forty-one high frequency trading firms, stock exchanges, market-makers, and other broker-dealers, including the Company, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Complaint alleges that the high frequency trading firms, certain broker-dealers managing dark pools, and the exchanges manipulated the U.S. Securities markets, and that numerous market-makers and broker-dealers participated in that manipulation by doing business with the high frequency traders. As to the Company, the Complaint alleges violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. On May 2, 2014, a similar putative class action was filed by American European Insurance Company against forty-two high frequency trading firms, stock exchanges, market-makers, and other broker-dealers, including the Company, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The action filed by American European Insurance Company made allegations substantially similar to the allegations in the City of Providence complaint. On June 13, 2014, a putative class action was filed by James J. Flynn and Dominic Morelli against twenty-six firms including the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Flynn Complaint made allegations substantially similar to the allegations in the City of Providence Complaint. The consolidated amended complaint does not identify the Company as a defendant or make any allegations regarding the Company.
On March 26, 2015, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by Ty Rayner, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, naming E*TRADE Financial Corporation and E*TRADE Securities as defendants. The complaint alleges that E*TRADE breached a fiduciary duty and unjustly enriched itself in connection with the routing of its customers’ orders to various market-makers and exchanges. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages, declaratory relief, restitution, disgorgement of payments received by the Company, and attorneys’ fees. By stipulation, the parties have agreed to extend indefinitely the due date for a response to the claim. The Company will defend itself vigorously in this matter.
In addition to the matters described above, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the normal course of business. In each pending matter, the Company contests liability or the amount of claimed damages. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, or where investigation or discovery have yet to be completed, the Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses on its remaining outstanding legal proceedings; however, the Company believes any losses, both individually or in the aggregate, would not be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
An unfavorable outcome in any matter could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, even if the ultimate outcomes are resolved in the Company’s favor, the defense of such litigation could entail considerable cost or the diversion of the efforts of management, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Regulatory Matters
The securities, futures, foreign currency and banking industries are subject to extensive regulation under federal, state and applicable international laws. From time to time, the Company has been threatened with or named as a defendant in lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative claims involving securities, banking and other matters. The Company is also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections. Compliance and trading problems that are reported to regulators, such as the SEC, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, FINRA, CFTC, NFA or OCC by dissatisfied customers or others are investigated by such regulators, and may, if pursued, result in formal claims being filed against the Company by customers or disciplinary action being taken against the Company or its employees by regulators. Any such claims or disciplinary actions that are decided against the Company could have a material impact on the financial results of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
During 2012, the Company completed a review of order handling practices and pricing for order flow between E*TRADE Securities and G1 Execution Services, LLC. The Company implemented changes to its practices and procedures that were recommended during the review. Banking regulators and federal securities regulators were regularly updated during the course of the review. Subsequently, on July 11, 2013, FINRA notified E*TRADE Securities and G1 Execution Services, LLC that it was conducting an examination of both firms’ order handling practices. On March 19, 2015, the Company received a Wells notice from FINRA's Market Regulation Department relating to the adequacy of E*TRADE Securities' order-routing disclosures and supervisory process for reviewing execution quality during the period covered by the Company's 2012 internal review (July 2011 - June 2012). The Company continues to cooperate fully with FINRA in this examination. Under the agreement governing the sale of G1 Execution Services, LLC to Susquehanna, the Company remains responsible for any actions taken against G1 Execution Services, LLC arising from the investigation. In the case of the review of both E*TRADE Securities and G1 Execution Services, LLC such actions could include monetary penalties and cease-and-desist orders, and could prompt claims by customers. Any of these actions could materially and adversely affect the Company’s broker-dealer businesses.

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Insurance
The Company maintains insurance coverage that management believes is reasonable and prudent. The principal insurance coverage it maintains covers commercial general liability; property damage; hardware/software damage; cyber liability; directors and officers; employment practices liability; certain criminal acts against the Company; and errors and omissions. The Company believes that such insurance coverage is adequate for the purpose of its business. The Company’s ability to maintain this level of insurance coverage in the future, however, is subject to the availability of affordable insurance in the marketplace.
Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company makes various commitments to extend credit and incur contingent liabilities that are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheet. Significant changes in the economy or interest rates may influence the impact that these commitments and contingencies have on the Company in the future.
The Company’s equity and cost method investments are generally limited liability investments in partnerships, companies and other similar entities, including tax credit partnerships and community development entities, which are not required to be consolidated. The Company had $33 million in unfunded commitments with respect to these investments at June 30, 2015.    
At June 30, 2015, the Company had approximately $28 million of certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in less than one year and $110 million of unfunded commitments to extend credit.
Guarantees
In prior periods when the Company sold loans, the Company provided guarantees to investors purchasing mortgage loans, which are considered standard representations and warranties within the mortgage industry. The primary guarantees are that: the mortgage and the mortgage note have been duly executed and each is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms; the mortgage has been duly acknowledged and recorded and is valid; and the mortgage and the mortgage note are not subject to any right of rescission, set-off, counterclaim or defense, including, without limitation, the defense of usury, and no such right of rescission, set-off, counterclaim or defense has been asserted with respect thereto. The Company is responsible for the guarantees on loans sold. If these claims prove to be untrue, the investor can require the Company to repurchase the loan and return all loan purchase and servicing release premiums. Management does not believe the potential liability exposure will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition due to the nature of the standard representations and warranties, which have resulted in a minimal amount of loan repurchases.
Prior to 2008, ETB Holdings, Inc. ("ETBH") raised capital through the formation of trusts, which sold trust preferred securities in the capital markets. The capital securities must be redeemed in whole at the due date, which is generally 30 years after issuance. Each trust issued trust preferred securities at par, with a liquidation amount of $1,000 per capital security. The trusts used the proceeds from the sale of issuances to purchase subordinated debentures issued by ETBH.
During the 30-year period prior to the redemption of the trust preferred securities, ETBH guarantees the accrued and unpaid distributions on these securities, as well as the redemption price of the securities and certain costs that may be incurred in liquidating, terminating or dissolving the trusts (all of which would otherwise be payable by the trusts). At June 30, 2015, management estimated that the maximum potential liability under this arrangement, including the current carrying value of the trusts, was equal to approximately $437 million or the total face value of these securities plus dividends, which may be unpaid at the termination of the trust arrangement.
NOTE 15—SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company reports its operating results in two segments, based on the manner in which its chief operating decision maker evaluates financial performance and makes resource allocation decisions: 1) trading and investing; and 2) balance sheet management. Trading and investing includes retail brokerage products and services; investor-focused banking products; and corporate services. Balance sheet management includes the management of asset allocation; loans previously originated by the Company or purchased from third parties; deposits and customer payables; and credit, liquidity and interest rate risk. The balance sheet management segment utilizes deposits and customer payables and compensates the trading and investing segment via a market-based transfer pricing arrangement, which is eliminated in consolidation.
The Company does not allocate costs associated with certain functions that are centrally-managed to its operating segments. These costs are separately reported in a corporate/other category, along with technology related costs incurred to support centrally-managed functions; restructuring and other exit activities; and corporate debt and corporate investments.

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The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on the segment’s income (loss) before income taxes. Financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is presented in the following tables (dollars in millions): 

 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Trading and
Investing
 
Balance Sheet
Management
 
Corporate/
Other
 
Total
Net operating interest income
$
178

 
$
88

 
$
1

 
$
267

Total non-interest income
166

 
12

 

 
178

Total net revenue
344

 
100

 
1

 
445

Provision for loan losses

 
3

 

 
3

Total operating expense
214

 
26

 
69

 
309

Income (loss) before other income (expense) and income taxes
130

 
71

 
(68
)
 
133

Total other income (expense)

 

 
(16
)
 
(16
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
130

 
$
71

 
$
(84
)
 
$
117

Income tax expense (benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(175
)
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
292


 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
Trading and
Investing
 
Balance Sheet
Management
 
Corporate/
Other
 
Total
Net operating interest income
$
148

 
$
119

 
$

 
$
267

Total non-interest income
161

 
10

 

 
171

Total net revenue
309

 
129

 

 
438

Provision for loan losses

 
12

 

 
12

Total operating expense
196

 
36

 
52

 
284

Income (loss) before other income (expense) and income taxes
113

 
81

 
(52
)
 
142

Total other income (expense)

 

 
(30
)
 
(30
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
113

 
$
81

 
$
(82
)
 
$
112

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
43

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
69


 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Trading and
Investing
 
Balance Sheet
Management
 
Corporate/
Other
 
Total
Net operating interest income
$
343

 
$
194

 
$
1

 
$
538

Total non-interest income
340

 
23

 

 
363

Total net revenue
683

 
217

 
1

 
901

Provision for loan losses

 
8

 

 
8

Total operating expense
417

 
62

 
130

 
609

Income (loss) before other income (expense) and income taxes
266

 
147

 
(129
)
 
284

Total other income (expense)

 

 
(104
)
 
(104
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
266

 
$
147

 
$
(233
)
 
$
180

Income tax expense (benefit)

 
 
 
 
 
(152
)
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
332


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Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
Trading and
Investing
 
Balance Sheet
Management
 
Corporate/
Other
 
Total
Net operating interest income
$
288

 
$
242

 
$

 
$
530

Total non-interest income
357

 
26

 

 
383

Total net revenue
645

 
268

 

 
913

Provision for loan losses

 
16

 

 
16

Total operating expense
391

 
77

 
106

 
574

Income (loss) before other income (expense) and income taxes
254

 
175

 
(106
)
 
323

Total other income (expense)

 

 
(67
)
 
(67
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$
254

 
$
175

 
$
(173
)
 
$
256

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
90

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
166

Total other income (expense) included losses on early extinguishment of corporate debt of $0 and $73 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to $0 and $12 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively. For additional information refer to Note 9—Corporate Debt.

Segment Assets
 
Trading and
Investing
 
Balance Sheet
Management
 
Corporate/
Other(1)
 
Total
As of June 30, 2015
$
12,115

 
$
34,327

 
$
673

 
$
47,115

As of December 31, 2014
$
12,032

 
$
33,075

 
$
423

 
$
45,530

(1)
Corporate/Other category includes corporate assets and other elimination adjustments, such as a line of credit between the operating segments, not allocated to the Company's operating segments.
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)
Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b)
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2015, identified in connection with management's evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information in response to this item can be found under the heading "Legal Matters" in Note 14—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Regulatory Matters to Part I. Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) in this Quarterly Report and is incorporated by reference into this item.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the Company's risk factors from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

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ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
+10.1
 
E*TRADE Financial Corporation 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 25, 2015)
 
 
 
*+10.2
 
Employment Agreement dated April 10, 2015 between E*TRADE Financial Corporation and Navtej S. Nandra
 
 
 
*10.3
 
364-Day Credit Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2015, among E*TRADE Clearing LLC, the Lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, U.S. Bank National Association, as Syndication Agent, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Bookrunners and Joint Lead Arrangers
 
 
 
*31.1
 
Certification—Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
*31.2
 
Certification—Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
*32.1
 
Certification—Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
*101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
*101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
*101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
*
Filed herein.
+
Exhibit is a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: August 5, 2015
 
 
 
 
E*TRADE Financial Corporation
(Registrant)
 
 
 
By
 
/S/    PAUL T. IDZIK
 
 
Paul T. Idzik
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
By
 
/S/   MICHAEL A. PIZZI    
 
 
Michael A. Pizzi
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
By
 
/S/   BRENT B. SIMONICH
 
 
Brent B. Simonich
 
 
Corporate Controller
 
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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