Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
	Item 1.	Business.	1-5
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	5-13
	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.	13
	Item 2.	Properties.	13-14
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.	14
	Item 4.	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.	15-16
PART II
	Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.	16
	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data.	17
	Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	17-23
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.	23
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	23
	Item 9.	Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	24
	Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.	24
PART III
	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.	25-26
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation.	27-28
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.	28
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.	28
	Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services.	29
PART IV
	Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.	30-34
SIGNATURES

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Annual Report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These include statements about our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies for the future, which we indicate by words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “we believe,” “our company believes,” “management believes” and similar language. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those set forth in the discussion under Item 1, “Business”, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Our actual results may differ materially from results anticipated in these forward-looking statements. We base our forward-looking statements on information currently available to us, and we assume no obligation to update them. In addition, our historical financial performance is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future and we believe such comparisons cannot be relied upon as indicators of future performance.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

 

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Sales and Distribution

Kandi’s sales are made through third-party distributors, which distribute Kandi’s products to local wholesalers and retail dealers. Worldwide, Kandi sells its products through six main independent distributors for off-road vehicles.

 

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Components and Parts, Raw Materials and Sources of Supply

Kandi manufactures the frames of its vehicles and assembles the vehicles in its factory in Jinhua, China.  Other components and parts, such as engines, shock absorbers, electrical equipment and tires, are purchased from numerous suppliers.  The principal raw materials used by Kandi are steel plate, aluminum, special steels, steel tubes, paints, and plastics, which are purchased from several suppliers.  The most important raw material purchased is steel plate.There were six suppliers who accounted for more than 5% of the Company’s purchases of major components and parts and principal raw materials during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. Kandi does not have and does not anticipate having any difficulty in obtaining its required materials from suppliers and considers its contracts and business relations with the suppliers to be satisfactory.

Seasonality

Kandi’s motorcycle and off-road vehicle businesses have historically experienced some seasonality.  However, this seasonality has not generally been material to our financial results.

Competitive Strengths

The global small vehicle markets are highly competitive. Competition in such markets is based upon a number of factors, including price, quality, reliability, styling, product features and warranties. As a relatively new entrant into the market, many of our competitors are more diversified and have financial and marketing resources that are substantially greater than those of Kandi.

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2008, Kandi had a total of 562 employees. None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining agreements.

 

Environmental and Safety Regulation

 

Emissions

 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) have adopted emissions regulations applicable to Kandi’s products. CARB has emissions regulations for ATVs and off-road vehicles which the Company already meets. In October 2002, the EPA established new corporate average emission standards effective for model years 2006 through 2012 for non-road recreational vehicles, including ATVs and off-road vehicles.

 

Kandi’s motorcycles are also subject to EPA and CARB emission standards. Kandi believes that its motorcycles have always complied with these standards. The CARB regulations required additional motorcycle emission reductions in model year 2008 which the Company met. The EPA adopted the CARB emission limits in a January 2004 rulemaking that allows an additional two model years to meet these new CARB emission requirements on a nationwide basis.

 

Kandi’s products are also subject to international laws and regulations related to emissions in places where it sells its products outside the United States. Europe currently regulates emissions from certain of the Company’s ATV-based products, motorcycles, and mini-cars and the Company meets these requirements. Canada’s emission regulations for motorcycles are similar to those in the U.S. In December 2006 Canada proposed a new regulation that would essentially adopt the U.S. emission standards for ATVs and off-road vehicles. These regulations are expected to become effective in 2009.

 

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Kandi believes that its off-road vehicles, motorcycles and mini-cars have always complied with applicable emission standards and related regulations in the United States and internationally. Kandi is unable to predict the ultimate impact of the adopted or proposed regulations on Kandi and its business.

 

Use regulation

 

State and federal laws and regulations have been promulgated or are under consideration relating to the use or manner of use of Kandi’s products. Some states and localities have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, legislation and local ordinances which restrict the use of ATVs and off-road vehicles to specified hours and locations. The federal government also has restricted the use of ATVs and off-road vehicles in some national parks and federal lands. In several instances this restriction has been a ban on the recreational use of these vehicles. Kandi is unable to predict the outcome of such actions or the possible effect on its business. Kandi believes that its business would be no more adversely affected than those of its competitors by the adoption of any pending laws or regulations.

 

Product Safety and Regulation

Safety Regulation

 

The federal government and individual states have promulgated or are considering promulgating laws and regulations relating to the use and safety of Kandi’s products. The federal government is the primary regulator of product safety. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) has federal oversight over product safety issues related to ATVs and off-road vehicles. The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) has federal oversight over product safety issues related to on-road motorcycles.

 

In August 2008, the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (the “Act”) was passed. The Act includes a provision that requires all manufacturers and distributors who import into or distribute ATVs in the United States to comply with the ANSI/SVIA safety standards which were previously voluntary. The Act also requires the same manufacturers and distributors to have ATV action plans filed with the CPSC that are substantially similar to the voluntary action plans that were previously in effect. Kandi currently complies with the ANSI/SVIA standard.

 

Kandi’s motorcycles are subject to federal vehicle safety standards administered by NHTSA. Kandi’s motorcycles are also subject to various state vehicle safety standards. Kandi believes that its motorcycles have always complied with safety standards relevant to motorcycles.

 

Kandi’s products are also subject to international standards related to safety in places where it sells its products outside the United States. Kandi believes that its motorcycles and mini-cars have always complied with applicable safety standards in the United States and internationally.

 

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Principal Executive Offices

Our principal executive office is located in the Jinhua City Industrial Zone in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PRC, 321016 and our telephone number (86-579) 83906856.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this report before making an investment decision with regard to our securities.  The statements contained in or incorporated into this annual report on Form 10-K that are not historic facts are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements.  If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Overall Business Operations

Our limited operating history may not serve as an adequate basis to judge our future prospects and results of operations.

We have a limited operating history because we have only been in operation since 2003.  This limited operating history, and the unpredictability of the machinery production industry, makes it difficult for investors to evaluate our businesses and predict future operating results. An investor in our securities must consider the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving markets.  The risks and difficulties we face include challenges in accurate financial planning as a result of limited historical data and the uncertainties resulting from having had a relatively limited time period in which to implement and evaluate our business strategies as compared to older companies with longer operating histories.

We may not be able to comply with all applicable government regulations.

We are subject to extensive governmental regulation by the central, regional and local authorities in the PRC, where our business operations take place. We believe that we are currently in substantial compliance with all laws and governmental regulations and that we have all material permits and licenses required for our operations. Nevertheless, we cannot assure investors that we will continue to be in substantial compliance with current laws and regulations, or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. To the extent that new regulations are adopted, we will be required to conform our activities in order to comply with such regulations. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, operations and finances.

 

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Compliance with environmental regulations can be expensive, and noncompliance with these regulations may result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages and fines.

We use, generate and discharge toxic, volatile and otherwise hazardous chemicals and wastes in our research and development and manufacturing activities, and our business operations generate noise, waste water, and gaseous and other industrial wastes. We are therefore required to comply with all national and local regulations regarding protection of the environment. We are in compliance with current environmental protection requirements and have all necessary environmental permits to conduct our business. However, if more stringent regulations are adopted in the future, the costs of compliance with these new regulations could be substantial. Additionally, if we fail to comply with present or future environmental regulations, we may be required to pay substantial fines, suspend production or cease operations. Any failure by us to control the use of, or to restrict adequately the discharge of, hazardous substances could subject us to potentially significant monetary damages and fines or suspensions in our business operations. Certain laws, ordinances and regulations could limit our ability to develop, use, or sell our products.

 

We rely on third party distributors to sell and service a significant portion of our products.

 

The majority of the Company's revenues results from sales contracts with distributors. These third party distributors may terminate their relationships with us, or fail to commit the necessary resources to sell or service our products to the level of our expectations. If current or future third party dealers or distributors do not perform adequately, or if we fail to maintain our existing relationships with them or fail to recruit and retain distributors in particular markets or geographic areas, our revenues may be adversely affected and our operating results could suffer.

 

Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our executive officers, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success depends substantially on the continued services of our executive officers, especially our CEO and President, Mr. Hu Xiaoming. We do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our executive officers.  If any of our executive officers are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them readily, if at all.  Therefore, our business may be severely disrupted, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and retain new officers.  In addition, if any of our executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose some of our customers.  

We may be subject to product liability claims, recalls or warranty claims, which could be expensive, damage our reputation and result in a diversion of management resources.

The Company may be subject to lawsuits resulting from injuries associated with the use of the vehicles that it sells. The Company may incur losses relating to these claims or the defense of these claims. There is a risk that claims or liabilities will exceed our insurance coverage. In addition, the Company may be unable to retain adequate liability insurance in the future.

 

The Company may also be required to participate in recalls involving our vehicles if any prove to be defective, or we may voluntarily initiate a recall or make payments related to such claims as a result of various industry or business practices or the need to maintain good customer relationships. Such a recall would result in a diversion of resources. While we do maintain product liability insurance, we cannot assure you that it will be sufficient to cover all product liability claims, that such claims will not exceed our insurance coverage limits or that such insurance will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Any product liability claim brought against us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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Risks Relating to Our Vehicle Machinery Production Operations

 

We may be subject to significant potential liabilities as a result of defects in production and  product liability.

 

Through our machinery production operations, we may be subject to production defect and product liability arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims are common to the machinery production industry and can be costly.

 

With respect to certain general liability exposures, including manufacturing defect and product liability, interpretation of underlying current and future trends, assessment of claims and the related liability and reserve estimation process is highly subjective due to the complex nature of these exposures, with each exposure exhibiting unique circumstances. Furthermore, once claims are asserted for construction defects, it is difficult to determine the extent to which the assertion of these claims will expand geographically. We may not have sufficient funds available to cover any liability for damages, the cost of repairs, and/or the expense of litigation surrounding such claims, and future claims may arise out of events or circumstances not covered by insurance and not subject to effective indemnification agreements with our subcontractors.

 

The vehicle machinery industry is highly competitive and we are subject to risks relating to competition that may adversely affect our performance.

The vehicle machinery industry is highly competitive, and our continued success depends upon our ability to compete effectively in markets that contain numerous competitors, some of which have significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. Competition may reduce fee structures, potentially causing us to lower our fees or prices, which may adversely impact our profits. New or existing competition that uses a business model that is different from our business model may put pressure on us to change our model so that we can remain competitive.

 

Our business is subject to the risk of supplier concentrations.

 

We depend on a limited number of suppliers for the sourcing of major components and parts and principal raw materials. As a result of this concentration in our supply chain, our business and operations would be negatively affected if any of our key suppliers were to experience significant disruption affecting the price, quality, availability or timely delivery of their products. The partial or complete loss of one of these suppliers, or a significant adverse change in our relationship with any of these suppliers, could result in lost revenue, added costs and distribution delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. In addition, concentration in our supply chain can exacerbate our exposure to risks associated with the termination by key suppliers of our distribution agreements or any adverse change in the terms of such agreements, which could have a negative impact on our revenues and profitability.

General economic conditions may negatively impact our results.  

The consumption of entertainment products such as go-karts and mini-cars is dependant on continued economic growth, and the duration, pace and full extent of the current economic environment remains unclear. Moderate or severe economic downturns or adverse conditions may negatively affect our operations. These conditions may be widespread or isolated to one or more geographic regions. A tightening of the labor markets in one or more geographic regions may result in fewer qualified applicants for job openings in our facilities. Higher wages, related labor costs and other increasing cost trends may negatively impact our results as wages and related labor costs.

 

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Risks Related to Doing Business in China

 

Change in political and economic conditions may affect our business operations and profitability.

Since our business operations are primarily located in China, our business operations and financial position are subject, to a significant degree, to the economic, political and legal developments in China.

China's government started implementing its economic reform policy in 1978, which enabled China’s economy to gradually transform from a "planned economy" to a "socialist market economy." In 1993, the concept of the socialist market economy was introduced into the Constitution of China, and the country has since experienced accelerated development of a market economy. A noteworthy recent phenomenon is that non-state owned enterprises, such as private enterprises, play an increasingly important role in the Chinese economy and the degree of direct control by the PRC government over the economy is gradually declining.

While the Chinese government has not halted its economic reform policy since 1978, any significant adverse changes in the social, political and economic conditions of China may fundamentally impact China’s economic reform policies, and thus the Company's operations and profits may be adversely affected.

 

Change in tax laws and regulations in China may affect our business operations.

 

Various tax reform policies have been implemented in the PRC in recent years. Businesses are still awaiting guidance from the government in interpreting certain PRC tax policies. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the existing tax laws and regulations will not be revised or amended in the future.

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us and may restrict the level of legal protections to foreign investors.

China's legal system is based on statutory law. Unlike the common law system, statutory law is based primarily on written statutes. Previous court decisions may be cited as persuasive authority but do not have a binding effect. Since 1979, the PRC government has been promulgating and amending the laws and regulations regarding economic matters, such as corporate organization and governance, foreign investment, commerce, taxation and trade.  However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new, and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretation of many laws, regulations and rules is not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us.

 

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In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. The legal system in the China cannot provide the investors with the same level of protection as in the U.S. The Company is governed by the law and regulations generally applicable to local enterprises in China. Many of these laws and regulations were recently introduced and remain experimental in nature and subject to changes and refinements. Interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the existing laws and regulations can be uncertain and unpredictable and therefore may restrict the legal protections of foreign investors.

 

Changes in Currency Conversion Policies in China may have an material adverse effect on us.

 

Renminbi (“RMB”) is not a freely exchangeable currency. Since 1998, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China has promulgated a series of circulars and rules in order to enhance verification of foreign exchange payments under a Chinese entity’s current account items, and has imposed strict requirements on borrowing and repayments of foreign exchange debts from and to foreign creditors under the capital account items and on the creation of foreign security in favor of foreign creditors.

This may complicate foreign exchange payments to foreign creditors under the current account items and thus will affect the ability to borrow under international commercial loans, the creation of foreign security, and the borrowing of RMB under guarantees in foreign currencies. Furthermore, the value of RMB may become subject to supply and demand, which could be largely impacted by international economic and political environments.  Any fluctuations in the exchange rate of RMB could have an adverse effect on the operational and financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries in China.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions based on United States or other foreign laws against us, our management or the experts named in the prospectus.

 

We conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all of our senior executive officers reside in China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon our senior executive officers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, our PRC counsel has advised us that the PRC does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgment of courts. 

 

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Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

 

Our stock price may be volatile, which may result in losses to our shareholders.

 

The stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations, and the market prices of companies listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market, the stock market in which shares of our common stock are listed, have been volatile in the past and have experienced sharp share price and trading volume changes. The trading price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely in response to many factors, including the following, some of which are beyond our control:

		variations in our operating results;
		changes in expectations of our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;
		changes in operating and stock price performance of other companies in our industry;
		additions or departures of key personnel; and
		future sales of our common stock.

 

Domestic and international stock markets often experience significant price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations, as well as general economic and political conditions unrelated to our performance, may adversely affect the price of our common stock.  

One stockholder owns a substantial portion of our outstanding common stock, which may enable this stockholder to influence many significant corporate actions and in certain circumstances may prevent a change in control that would otherwise be beneficial to our other shareholders.

Excelvantage Group Limited controls approximately 60.12% of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, Excelvantage Group Limited could have a substantial impact on matters requiring the vote of the shareholders, including the election of our directors and most corporate actions. This control could delay, defer or prevent others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change in our control, even if these actions would benefit our other shareholders and the Company. This control could adversely affect the voting and other rights of our other shareholders and could depress the market price of our common stock.

 

Our common shares are thinly traded and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices, or at all.

We cannot predict the extent to which an active public market for trading our common stock will be sustained. Our common shares have historically been sporadically or “thinly-traded,” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent.

This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company which is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community who generate or influence sales volume.  Even if we came to the attention of such persons, those persons tend to be risk-averse and may be reluctant to follow, purchase, or recommend the purchase of shares of an unproven company such as ours until such time as we become more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give you any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.

 

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Shareholders should be aware that, according to SEC Release No. 34-29093, the market for penny stocks has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (1) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (2) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (3) boiler room practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (4) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differential and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (5) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the resulting inevitable collapse of those prices and with consequent investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities. The occurrence of these patterns or practices could increase the volatility of our share price.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends.

We presently do not anticipate that we will pay dividends on any of our capital stock in the foreseeable future. If payment of dividends does occur at some point in the future, it would be contingent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, and general financial condition. The payment of any dividends will be within the discretion of our Board of Directors. We presently intend to retain all earnings, if any, to implement our business plan; accordingly, we do not anticipate the declaration of any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

 

The change in value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, the Euro and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions, among other things. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in approximately 2.1% appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar. While the international reaction to the RMB revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. As a portion of our costs and expenses is denominated in RMB, the revaluation in July 2005 and potential future revaluation has and could further increase our costs. In addition, any significant revaluation of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this offering into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

   

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If the Company were to be delisted from NASDAQ, our common stock could be subject to “penny stock” rules which could negatively impact our liquidity and our shareholders’ ability to sell their shares.

Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. We must comply with numerous NASDAQ MarketPlace rules in order to maintain the listing of our common stock on NASDAQ. There can be no assurance that we can continue to meet the requirements to maintain the NASDAQ listing of our common stock. If we are unable to maintain our listing on NASDAQ, the market liquidity of our common stock may be severely limited.

 

Volatility in Our Common Share Price May Subject Us to Securities Litigation.

The market for our common stock is characterized by significant price volatility as compared to seasoned issuers, and we expect that our share price will continue to be more volatile than a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities and could divert management's attention and resources.

The Elimination of Monetary Liability Against our Directors, Officers and Employees under Delaware law and the Existence of Indemnification Rights of our Directors, Officers and Employees May Result in Substantial Expenditures by our Company and may Discourage Lawsuits Against our Directors, Officers and Employees.

Our articles of incorporation do not contain any specific provisions that eliminate the liability of our directors for monetary damages to our company and shareholders; however, we are prepared to give such indemnification to our directors and officers to the extent provided for by Delaware law. We may also have contractual indemnification obligations under our employment agreements with our officers. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in our company incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against directors and officers, which we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and resultant costs may also discourage our company from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our shareholders against our directors and officers even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit our company and shareholders.

 

Past Activities Of Stone Mountain and Our Affiliates May Lead to Future Liability.

Prior to Stone Mountain entering into the share exchange agreement with Continental on June 29, 2007, Stone Mountain engaged in businesses unrelated to our current operations. Any liabilities relating to such prior business against which we are not completely indemnified may have a material adverse effect on us.

  

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We may need additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.

 

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the near future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Our business is subject to changing regulations related to corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of noncompliance.

Because our common stock is publicly traded, we are subject to certain rules and regulations of federal, state and financial market exchange entities charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded. These entities, including the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and NASDAQ, have issued requirements and regulations and continue to develop additional regulations and requirements in response to corporate scandals and laws enacted by Congress, most notably the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our efforts to comply with these regulations have resulted in, and are likely to continue resulting in, increased general and administrative expenses and diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. Because new and modified laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

Item 2.

Properties.

 

All land in the PRC is owned by the government and cannot be sold to any individual or entity. Instead, the government grants or allocates landholders a “land use right.” There are four methods to acquire land use rights:

		grant of the right to use land;
		assignment of the right to use land;
		lease of the right to use land; and
		allocated land use rights

 

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In comparison with Western common law concepts, granted land use rights are similar to life estates and allocated land use rights are in some way similar to leaseholds.

 

Granted land use rights are provided by the government in exchange for a grant fee, and carry the rights to pledge, mortgage, lease, and transfer within the term of the grant. Land is granted for a fixed term - generally 70 years for residential use, 50 years for industrial use, and 40 years for commercial and other use. The term is renewable in theory. Unlike the usual case in Western nations, granted land must be used for the specific purpose for which it was granted.

 

Allocated land use rights are generally provided by the government for an indefinite period (usually to state-owned entities) and cannot be pledged, mortgaged, leased, or transferred by the user. Furthermore, allocated land can be reclaimed by the government at any time. Allocated land use rights may be converted into granted land use rights upon the payment of a grant fee to the government.

Kandi has the following granted land use rights:

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein. Readers should carefully review the risk factors disclosed in this Form 10-K and other documents filed by the Company with the SEC.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

 

This section should be read together with the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the attached consolidated financial statements included in this report.

 

Estimates affecting accounts receivable and inventories

 

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reporting of assets and liabilities (and contingent assets and liabilities). These estimates are particularly significant where they affect the reported net realizable value of the Company’s accounts receivable and inventories.

 

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONTENTS

 

PAGE

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

 

PAGES

F-2-3

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

PAGES

F-4-5

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

PAGE

F-6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

PAGES

F-7-8

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

PAGES

F-9-31

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

---

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of:

Kandi Technologies Corp. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kandi Technologies Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We were not engaged to examine management’s assertion about the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 included in the Company’s Item 9A “Controls and procedures” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion thereon.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Kandi Technologies Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

 

/s/ Weinberg & Company, P.A.

Weinberg & Company, P.A.

Boca Raton, Florida

March 6, 2009

F-1

---

 

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

ASSETS
		December 31,				December 31,
		2008				2007
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents		$	141,380			$	1,149,140
Restricted cash			12,550,685				1,367,222
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $7,123 and $3,701 as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively			7,715,081				11,401,367
Inventories			3,207,571				3,293,529
Notes receivable			13,235,961				47,853
Other receivables			289,315				416,454
Prepayments and prepaid expenses			60,017				17,774
Due from employees			19,805				9,932
Discontinued operation			-				15,000,567
Total Current Assets			37,219,815				32,703,838
LONG-TERM ASSETS
Plant and equipment, net			20,832,549				10,427,176
Land use rights, net			9,368,403				385,539
Construction in progress			1,913,456				1,321,832
Deposit for acquisition			-				12,270,859
Deferred taxes			265,243				108,495
Discontinued operation			-				506,526
Total Long-Term Assets			32,379,651				25,020,427
TOTAL ASSETS		$	69,599,466			$	57,724,265

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-2

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
		December 31,				December 31,
		2008				2007
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable		$	9,371,105			$	6,333,057
Other payables and accrued expenses			1,151,245				378,675
Short-term bank loans			26,115,375				20,869,862
Customer deposits			676,548				483,320
Notes payable			13,081,026				1,476,600
Due to employees			10,502				310
Due to related party			623,767				-
Deferred taxes			139,500				-
Discontinued operation			-				15,138,249
Total Current Liabilities			51,169,068				44,680,073
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Discontinued operation			-				2,651
Total Long-Term Liabilities			-				2,651
TOTAL LIABILITIES			51,169,068				44,682,724
CONMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 19,961,000 and 19,961,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively			19,961				19,961
Additional paid-in capital			7,138,105				7,138,105
Retained earnings (the restricted portion is $534,040 and $0 at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively)			10,047,198				5,125,120
Accumulated other comprehensive income			1,225,134				758,355
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY			18,430,398				13,041,541
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		$	69,599,466			$	57,724,265

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-3

---

 

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

		2008				2007
REVENUES, NET		$	40,513,788			$	33,434,662
COST OF GOODS SOLD			30,919,868				26,244,696
GROSS PROFIT			9,593,920				7,189,966
Research and development			839,989				108,399
Selling and marketing			477,413				730,609
General and administrative			1,836,394				936,224
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS			6,440,124				5,414,734
Interest expense, net			(2,017,323	)			(1,115,132	)
Government grants			64,595				-
Forfeiture of customer deposits			6,186				505,207
Forgiveness of debt			10,049				161,834
Other, net			100,331				143
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES			4,603,962				4,966,786
INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT			(9,605	)			391,760
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS			4,594,357				5,358,546
DISCONTINUED OPERATION
Loss from discontinued operation			(33,398	)			(329,450	)
Gain from disposition of discontinued operation			361,119				-
NET GAIN (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATION			327,721				(329,450	)
NET INCOME			4,922,078				5,029,096
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Foreign currency translation			466,779				443,810

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-4

---

 

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

 AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

		2008				2007
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME		$	5,388,857			$	5,472,906
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC AND DILUTED			19,961,000				16,056,838
INCOME PER SHARE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS, BASIC AND DILUTED		$	0.23			$	0.33
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE FROM NET GAIN (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATION, BASIC AND DILUTED		$	0.02			$	(0.02	)
NET INCOME PER SHARE, BASIC AND DILUTED		$	0.25			$	0.31

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-5

---

 

 KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

		Common Stock								Additional Paid-				Retained				Accumulated Other Comprehensive
		Shares				Par Value				in Capital				Earnings				Income				Total
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2007			12,000,000			$	12,000			$	7,154,193			$	96,024			$	392,463			$	7,654,680
Recapitalization			7,961,000				7,961				(16,088	)			-				-				(8,127	)
Foreign currency translation gain			-				-				-				-				662,403				662,403
Income tax expense related to other comprehensive income			-				-				-				-				(296,511	)			(296,511	)
Net income			-				-				-				5,029,096				-				5,029,096
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007			19,961,000			$	19,961			$	7,138,105			$	5,125,120			$	758,355			$	13,041,541
Foreign currency translation gain			-				-				-				-				466,779				466,779
Net income			-				-				-				4,922,078				-				4,922,078
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008			19,961,000			$	19,961			$	7,138,105			$	10,047,198			$	1,225,134			$	18,430,398

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-6

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

		2008				2007
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income		$	4,922,078			$	5,029,096
Net (gain) loss from discontinued operation			(327,721	)			329,450
Income from continuing operations			4,594,357				5,358,546
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			1,976,369				1,321,382
Provision for doubtful accounts			5,308				3,701
Loss on disposal of fixed assets			-				35,049
Deferred taxes			9,605				(391,760	)
Forgiveness of debt			(10,049	)			(161,834	)
Forfeiture of customer deposits			(6,186	)			(505,207	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:
(Increase) Decrease In:
Accounts receivable			3,680,979				(4,615,544	)
Inventories			85,959				2,169,649
Other receivables			127,137				241,555
Due to employees			320				174,598
Prepayments and prepaid expenses			(42,243	)			266,056
Increase (Decrease) In:
Accounts payable			3,048,097				522,919
Other payables and accrued liabilities			772,570				116,359
Customer deposits			199,412				478,249
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations			14,441,635				5,013,718
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operation			706,030				2,813,423
Net cash provided by operating activities			15,147,665				7,827,141
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of plant and equipment			(482,581	)			(2,821,010	)
Addition to construction in progress			(8,427,605	)			(1,334,438	)
Reverse merger with SMOU, net of cash acquired			-				373
Purchase of a subsidiary, net of cash acquired			(44,129	)			-
Issuance of notes receivable			(19,284,461	)			(5,638,027	)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets			121,443				-
Repayments of notes receivable			6,096,353				5,937,746
Deposit for acquisition			-				(12,270,859	)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations			(22,020,980	)			(16,126,215	)
Net cash provided by investing activities frm discontinued operation			-				88,746
Net cash used in investing activities			(22,020,980	)			(16,037,469	)

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-7

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

		2008				2007
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Restricted cash			(11,183,462	)			(1,367,222	)
Proceeds from short-term bank loans			37,099,213				26,902,520
Repayments of short-term bank loans			(31,853,701	)			(15,631,588	)
Proceeds from notes payable			13,063,385				1,476,600
Repayments of notes payable			(1,458,959	)			(117,057	)
Repayments of advances to related parties			623,767				17,288
Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations			6,290,243				11,280,541
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operation			-				(2,935,797	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			6,290,243				8,344,744
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS			(583,072	)			134,416
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(424,688	)			649,157
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year			1,149,140				365,567
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR		$	141,380			$	1,149,140
SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Income taxes paid		$	-			$	-
Interest paid		$	2,204,006			$	1,007,597

 

SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH DISCLOSURES:

 

1.	During the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, $7,835,980 and $319,763 were transferred from construction in progress to plant and equipment, respectively.

 

2.	On June 24, 2008, the Company acquired 100% interest of Zhejiang Kandi Special Vehicles Co., Ltd. ("KSV") for $12,314,988 in cash and KSV became a 100% owned subsidiary of the Company. The following represents the assets purchased and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

 

Plant and equipment, net		$	3,200,615
Land use rights, net			9,114,373
Total assets purchased			12,314,988
Total liabilities assumed			-
Total net assets		$	12,314,988
Share percentage			100%
Net assets acquired		$	12,314,988
Total consideration paid (including the deposit of $12,270,859 paid in 2007)		$	12,314,988

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

 

F-8

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Stone Mountain Resources, Inc. (“Stone Mountain “) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 31, 2004. On June 29, 2007, Stone Mountain Resources, Inc. changed its name to Kandi Technologies, Corp. (the “Company”).

 

On June 29, 2007, pursuant to the share exchange agreement between Stone Mountain Resources, Inc., Continental Development Limited, (“Continental”) and Excelvantage (Continental’s sole shareholder), Stone Mountain issued 12,000,000 shares of its common stock to Excelvantage, in exchange for 100% of the common stock of Continental. As a result of the share exchange, Continental became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stone Mountain. Kandi Technologies, Corp. conducts its operations through its wholly owned subsidiary, Zhejiang Kandi Vehicles Co. Ltd., a People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) company.

 

The Company closed on its acquisition of 100% shares of Kandi Special Vehicles Co., Ltd. (“KSV”) on June 24, 2008 after which KSV became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The acquisition was accounted for as purchase in accordance with Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 “Business Combinations”, the consolidated statements of income include the result of operations of Kandi Special Vehicle Co., Ltd. from the acquisition date through December 31, 2008.

On May 9, 2008, the Company sold Zhejiang Yongkang Top Import & Export Co., Ltd. (“Dingji”), a subsidiary to certain individuals. In accordance with SFAS 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long−Lived Assets,” the results of operations of the Dingji as of the disposal date May 9, 2008 are removed from the detailed financial statement line items to the “discontinued operation” of the Company’s financial statements.

The primary operations of Kandi Technologies, Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is the design, development, manufacturing, and commercializing of all-terrain vehicles, go-karts, and specialized automobile related products for the People’s Republic of China and global export markets. Sales are made to dealers in Asia, North America, Europe and Australia.

 

NOTE 2 – LIQUIDITY

 

While the Company had net income of $4,922,078 and cash flows from operations of $15,147,665 for the year ended of December 31, 2008, the Company also had a working capital deficit of $13,949,253 at December 31, 2008, which was principally due to the Company using the cash proceeds borrowed from short-term loans to invest in fixed assets and land use rights. The Company has a credit line for $21,322,693, $10,504,509 of which was used at December 31, 2008, from commercial banks. Subsequent to December 31, 2008, the Company collected approximately $10 million of its notes receivable. The Company expects to collect the remaining notes receivable by June 30, 2009 according to written agreements.

 

F-9

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)	Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kandi Technologies Corp., and the following subsidiaries:

(i)

Continental Development Ltd., (“Continental”) (100% subsidiary of the Company)

(ii)

Zhejiang Kandi Vehicles Co. Ltd., (“Kandi”) (100% subsidiary of Continental)

(iii)

Zhejiang Yongkong Top Import and Export Co. Ltd., (“Dingji”) (100% subsidiary of Kandi)

As of May 9, 2008, Dingji was sold and is presented in the financial statements as a discontinued operation. Also see Note 14.

(iv)

Kangdi Special Vehicle Co. Ltd., (“KSV”) (100% subsidiary of the Company)

Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b)	Concentrations

 

The Company’s major customers for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, accounted for the following percentages of total sales and accounts receivable as follows:

 

		Sales			Accounts Receivable
Major Customers		2008	2007		December 31, 2008	December 31, 2007
Company A		75%	-		52%	-
Company B		7%	18%		1%	40%
Company C		6%	15%		8%	19%
Company D		-	14%		-	11%
Company E		2%	8%		9%	8%
Company F		1%	5%		1%	7%

 

The Company’s major suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, accounted for the following percentage of total purchases and accounts payable as follows:

 

		Purchases			Accounts Payable
Major Suppliers		2008	2007		December 31, 2008	December 31, 2007
Company G		79%	2%		9%	7%
Company H		2%	2%		4%	6%
Company I		4%	2%		4%	5%
Company J		4%	4%		4%	5%
Company K		1%	1%		3%	4%

 

F-10

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 
 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(c)	Economic and Political Risks

The Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC economy.

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

(d)	Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

F-11

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(e)	Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, due from related parties, prepayments and prepaid expenses, other receivables, due from employees, accounts payable, due to employees, other payables and accrued liabilities, notes payable, short-term bank loans, and customer deposits. Management has estimated that the carrying amount approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

(f)	Cash and Cash Equivalents

For financial reporting purposes, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash at December 31, 2008 and 2007 represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans and notes payable. Also see Note 9 and Note 10.

(g)	Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (market value). The cost of raw materials is determined on the basis of weighted average. The cost of finished goods is determined on the weighted average basis and comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overhead.

Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less any further costs expected to be incurred for completion and selling expense.

(h)	Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtful accounts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has an allowance for doubtful accounts of $7,123 and $3,701, respectively.

(i)	Prepayments

Prepayments represent cash paid in advance to suppliers for raw materials purchases.

 

F-12

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(j)	Plant and Equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter.  Estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

Buildings	30 years
Machinery	10 years
Motor vehicles	5 years
Office equipment	5 years
Moulds	5 years

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the statement of income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred, whereas   significant renewals and betterments are capitalized. Also see Note 8.

 

(k)	Construction in Progress

Construction in progress represents direct costs of construction or the acquisition cost of buildings or machinery and design fees. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. No depreciation is provided until the assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

(l)	Land Use Rights

According to the laws of China, land in the PRC is owned by the Government and cannot be sold to an individual or a company.  However, the government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land.   The land use rights granted to the Company are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of fifty years.

(m)	Impairment of Long-Term Assets

Long-term assets of the Company are reviewed annually as to whether their carrying value has become impaired, pursuant to the guidelines established in SFAS No. 144. The Company considers assets to be impaired if the carrying value exceeds the future projected cash flows from the related operations.  The Company also re-evaluates the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. There were no impairments in 2008 and 2007.

 

F-13

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(n)	Revenue Recognition

Revenue represents the invoiced value of goods sold, recognized upon the shipment of goods to customers. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:

à

Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists,

à

Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered,

à

The seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and

à

Collectibility is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s revenue results from sales contracts with distributors and revenue are recorded upon the shipment of goods. Management conducts credit background checks for new customers as a means to reduce the subjectivity of assuring collectibility.

(o)	Government Grants

Grants received from the PRC Government for assisting in the Company’s technical research and development efforts are netted against the relevant research and development costs incurred when the proceeds are received or collectible.

During 2008 and 2007, $64,595 and $0 was received from the PRC Government as a reward for the Company’s contribution to the local economy.

(p)	Research and Development

Expenditures relating to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements to existing products are expensed as incurred.  Research and development expenses were $839,989 and $108,399 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

(q)	Retirement Benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of contributions under defined contribution retirement plans to the relevant authorities are charged as expenses as incurred. The retirement benefits expense for 2008 and 2007 are $69,990 and $79,628 respectively and are included in general and administrative expenses.

(r)

Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequence attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.

 

F-14

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

 

(s)	Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the Renminbi (RMB). Capital accounts of the consolidated financial statements are translated into United States dollars from RMB at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

 

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate of the year.

 

	2008		2007
Year end RMB: US$ exchange rate	6.8542		7.3141
Average yearly RMB:  US$ exchange rate	7.0842		7.5614

 

(t)	Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income includes net income and the foreign currency translation gain, net of tax.

 

(u)

Segments

The Company operates in one business segment, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of all-terrain vehicles, go-karts, and special automobile related products. Also see Note 15.

 

(v)	Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company’s stock-based compensation is recorded in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123R.

 

The Company estimates fair value of restricted stock based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes model. The Company’s expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of Company’s stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. There were no estimated forfeitures as the current options outstanding were only issued to founders and senior management of the Company. SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods, if necessary, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

F-15

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007

 

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(w)	Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. There were no potentially dilutive securities for 2008 and 2007.

(x)	Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (R), Business Combinations. SFAS No. 141 (R) requires an acquirer to measure the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquire at their fair values on the acquisition date, with goodwill being the excess value over the net identifiable assets acquired. The calculation of earnings per share will continue to be based on income amounts attributable to the parent. SFAS No.141 (R) is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS 141(R) will significantly affect the accounting for future business combinations and we will determine the accounting as new combinations are determined.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements. This Statement establishes accounting and reporting standards that require the ownership interests in subsidiaries’ non-parent owners be clearly presented in the equity section of the balance sheet; requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income; requires that changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary be accounted for consistently; requires that when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary be initially measured at fair value and the gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary be measured using the fair value of any noncontrolling equity; requires that entities provide disclosures that clearly identify the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. This Statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008. The Company has not determined the impact, if any, SFAS No. 160 will have on its financial statements.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS No. 161"), which amends SFAS No.133 and expands disclosures to include information about the fair value of derivatives, related credit risks and a company's strategies and objectives for using derivatives. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact that SFAS No. 161 will have on the disclosures in its financial statements.

 

F-16

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KANDI TECHNOLOGIES, CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 

 

NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES

 

Inventories are summarized as follows:

		December 31, 2008				December 31, 2007
Raw materials		$	988,426			$	1,534,448
Work-in-progress			1,980,413				1,402,073
Finished goods			238,732				357,008
Total inventories		$	3,207,571			$	3,293,529

 

NOTE 5 – NOTES RECEIVABLE

Notes receivable consist of the following:

		December 31, 2008				December 31, 2007
Notes receivable from unrelated companies:
Due March 31, 2009, interest at 7.2% per annum (subsequently settled on its due date)		$	3,928,997			$	-
Due April 29, 2009, interest at 7.2% per annum			729,480				-
Due June 30, 2009, interest at 5.31% per annum			8,147,091				-
Notes receivable from unrelated companies			12,805,568				-
Bank acceptance notes:
Due January 5, 2009 (subsequently settled on its due date)			430,393				47,853
Bank acceptance notes			430,393				-
Notes receivable		$	13,235,961			$	47,853

Notes receivable from unrelated companies are unsecured.

 

F-17

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