1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Inphi Corporation (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in November 2000. The Company is a fabless provider of high-speed analog and mixed signal semiconductor solutions for the communications and datacenter markets. The Company’s semiconductor solutions are designed to address bandwidth bottlenecks in networks, maximize throughput and minimize latency in computing environments and enable the rollout of next generation communications and datacenter infrastructures. In addition, the semiconductor solutions provide a vital high-speed interface between analog signals and digital information in high-performance systems such as telecommunications transport systems, enterprise networking equipment and datacenters.

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 28, 2018.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, they contain all normal recurring accruals and adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to state fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position at September 30, 2018, and its consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future quarters or the full year.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance on “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The new revenue recognition guidance provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The guidance requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The FASB issued several updates to the guidance. The Company adopted the new revenue guidance effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of that date. See Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The guidance simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. The guidance eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, and requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The guidance also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. Separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements is required under this guidance. The guidance further clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. The Company adopted this guidance starting January 1, 2018 and concluded that there was no cumulative effect adjustment required. The Company has elected to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer (referred to as the measurement alternative). See Note 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

 INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires companies that lease assets (lessees) to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by the leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance which requires the credit losses related to debt securities classified as available-for sale to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance related to the classification of certain transactions on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for calendar year-end public companies in 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance on classifying the definition of a business. This guidance clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This guidance is effective for calendar year-end public companies in 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating the Step 2 impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The new guidance requires an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The new guidance becomes effective for goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance that allows an option to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings any stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, though early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the update. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued guidance to eliminate the separate guidance applicable to share-based payments to nonemployees. Under the new guidance, equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees will be measured on the grant date, instead of being remeasured through the performance completion date (generally the vesting date), as required under the current guidance. The new guidance will also require recognition of compensation cost for awards with performance conditions when achievement of those conditions are probable, rather than upon their achievement.  Further, the new guidance will eliminate the requirement to reassess the classification of nonemployee awards under the financial instruments literature upon vesting.  The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements.  The new guidance will no longer require disclosure of the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will require disclosure of the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements.  The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance requiring a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets.  Capitalized implementation costs are expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use.   The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Revenue

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606), using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance resulted in no cumulative effect adjustment as of January 1, 2018. Starting January 1, 2018, the Company recognizes revenue on sales to distributors upon shipment and transfer of control (known as “sell-in” revenue recognition), rather than deferring recognition until distributors report that they have sold the products to their customers (known as “sell-through” revenue recognition). The impact on revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was an increase (decrease) of ($154) and $3,019, respectively. The impact on cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was an increase of $5 and $548, respectively. The deferred revenue and inventories decreased by $3,019 and $548 as of September 30, 2018, respectively. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue guidance, while prior periods will not be retrospectively adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic revenue recognition accounting.

The Company recognizes revenue when the control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for such goods or services.

The following table shows revenue by geography, based on the shipping location of customers:

Product Revenue

The Company’s products are fully functional at the time of shipment and do not require additional production, modification, or customization. The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control at a point in time when title transfers either upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances. Sales and other taxes the Company collects are excluded from revenue. The fee is based on specific products and quantities to be delivered at specified prices, which is evidenced by a customer purchase order or other persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Certain distributors may receive a credit for the price discounts associated with the distributors' customers that purchased those products. The Company estimates the extent of these distributor price discounts at each reporting period to reduce accounts receivable and revenue. Although the Company accrues an estimate of distributor price discount, the Company does not issue these discounts to the distributor until the inventory is sold to the distributors' customers. As of September 30, 2018, the estimated price discount was $961. Payment terms of customers are typically 30 to 60 days after invoice date. The Company’s products are under warranty against defects in material and workmanship generally for a period of one or two years. The Company accrues for estimated warranty cost at the time of sale based on anticipated warranty claims and actual historical warranty claims experience including knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of the Company’s typical experience.

Other Revenue

Occasionally, the Company enters into license and development agreements with some of its customers and recognizes revenue from these agreements upon completion and acceptance by the customer of contract deliverables by milestones or as services are provided, depending on the terms of the arrangement. Revenue is deferred for any amounts billed or received prior to completion of milestones or delivery of services. The Company believes the milestone method best depicts efforts expended to transfer services to the customers. Certain contracts may include multiple performance obligations in which the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling price. The Company determines stand-alone selling prices based on the adjusted market assessment approach or residual approach, if applicable.

 INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less or (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which the right to invoice for services performed.

4. Investments

The following table summarizes the investments by investment category:

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 77 investments that were in an unrealized loss position. The gross unrealized losses on these investments at September 30, 2018 of $315 were determined to be temporary in nature. The Company reviews the investments to identify and evaluate investments that have an indication of possible other-than-temporary impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2018 are presented in the following table:

The Company has a marketable equity investment in a company located in Taiwan. The fair value of the investment and unrealized loss as of September 30, 2018 was $1,321 and $672, respectively. This investment is presented as Other assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company has non-marketable equity investments in privately held companies without readily determinable market values. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company accounted for non-marketable equity investments at cost less impairment. Realized gains and losses on non-marketable equity investments sold or impaired were recognized in Other income, net. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which changed the way the Company accounts for non-marketable equity investments. The Company adjusts the carrying value of non-marketable equity investments to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment (referred to as the measurement alternative). All gains and losses on non-marketable equity investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in Other income, net. There was no cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of this guidance. As of September 30, 2018, non-marketable equity investments had a carrying value of approximately $23,866, of which $6,066 was remeasured to fair value based on observable transaction during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These investments are presented as Other assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized gain recorded in other income and included as adjustment to the carrying value of non-marketable equity investments held as of September 30, 2018 was $3,066 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

5. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

6. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following:

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $5,134 and $14,931, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $5,304 and $15,203, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, computer software costs included in property and equipment was $6,776 and $7,181, respectively. Amortization expense of capitalized computer software costs was $126 and $471 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Amortization expense of capitalized computer software costs was $252 and $791 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Property and equipment not yet paid as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $1,890 and $3,339, respectively.

The Company leases certain equipment under capital lease agreements. Assets held under capital leases are included in property and equipment above. Gross amount and accumulated depreciation of assets under capital lease as of September 30, 2018 was $3,639 and $1,544, respectively. Gross amount and accumulated depreciation of assets under capital lease as of December 31, 2017 was $3,639 and $898, respectively.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The minimum lease payments under capital leases as of September 30, 2018 are as follows:

7. Identifiable Intangible Assets

The following table presents details of identifiable intangible assets:

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company reclassified $60,500 of acquired in-process research and development to developed technology as the technology was commercialized.

The following table presents amortization of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

Based on the amount of intangible assets subject to amortization at September 30, 2018, the expected amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

The weighted-average amortization periods remaining by intangible asset category are as follows (in years):

8. Product Warranty Obligation

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the product warranty liability was $110. There was no change in product warranty liability during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

9. Convertible debt

In December 2015, the Company issued $230,000 of 1.125% convertible senior notes due 2020 (Convertible Notes 2015). The Convertible Notes 2015 will mature December 1, 2020, unless earlier converted or repurchased. Interest on the Convertible Notes 2015 is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2016. The initial conversion rate is 24.8988 shares of common stock per $1 principal amount of Convertible Notes 2015, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $40.16 per share. The total interest expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $3,652, which consists of $650 of contractual interest expense, $2,754 of amortization of debt discount and $248 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $10,685, which consists of $1,936 of contractual interest expense, $8,026 of amortization of debt discount and $723 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $3,443, which consists of $650 of contractual interest expense, $2,562 of amortization of debt discount and $231 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $10,075, which consists of $1,936 of contractual interest expense, $7,467 of amortization of debt discount and $672 of amortization of debt issuance costs.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes 2015, the Company entered into capped call transactions (Capped Call 2015) in private transactions. Under the Capped Call 2015, the Company purchased capped call options that in aggregate relate to 100% of the total number of shares of the Company's common stock underlying the Convertible Notes 2015, with a strike price equal to the conversion price of the Convertible Notes 2015 and with a cap price equal to $52.06 per share.

In September 2016, the Company issued $287,500 of 0.75% convertible senior notes due 2021 (Convertible Notes 2016, and together with the Convertible Notes 2015, the Convertible Notes). The Convertible Notes 2016 will mature September 1, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. Interest on the Convertible Notes 2016 is payable on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2017. The initial conversion rate is 17.7508 shares of common stock per $1 principal amount of Convertible Notes 2016, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $56.34 per share. The total interest expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $4,253, which consists of $542 of contractual interest expense, $3,430 of amortization of debt discount and $281 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $12,425, which consists of $1,608 of contractual interest expense, $9,998 of amortization of debt discount and $819 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $3,999, which consists of $542 of contractual interest expense, $3,195 of amortization of debt discount and $262 of amortization of debt issuance costs. The total interest expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $11,684, which consists of $1,606 of contractual interest expense, $9,315 of amortization of debt discount and $763 of amortization of debt issuance costs.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes 2016, the Company entered into capped call transactions (Capped Call 2016) in private transactions. Under the Capped Call 2016, the Company purchased capped call options that in aggregate relate to 100% of the total number of shares of the Company's common stock underlying the Convertible Notes 2016, with a strike price approximately equal to the conversion price of the Convertible Notes 2016 and with a cap price equal to approximately $73.03 per share.

10. Other liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following:

11. Income Taxes

The Company normally determines its interim provision using an estimated single annual effective tax rate for all tax jurisdictions. ASC 740 provides that when an entity operates in a jurisdiction that has generated ordinary losses on a year-to-date basis or on the basis of the results anticipated for the full fiscal year and no benefit can be recognized on those losses, a separate effective tax rate should be computed and applied to ordinary income (or loss) in that jurisdiction. The Company incurred pretax loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 from its U.S. operations and will not recognize tax benefit of the losses due to full valuation allowance established against deferred tax assets. Thus, a separate effective tax rate was applied to losses from the U.S. jurisdiction to compute the Company’s interim tax provision.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $203 and $8,406 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The effective tax rates were 1% and 10% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The difference between the effective tax rates and the 21% federal statutory rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 resulted primarily due to change in valuation allowance, foreign income taxes provided at lower rates, geographic mix in expected operating results, unrecognized tax benefits, recognition of federal and state research and development credits, and windfall tax benefits from stock-based compensation. In addition, the income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, included the partial release of federal valuation allowance resulting from the transfer of an acquired in-process research and development to developed technology in 2018 which allowed the related deferred tax liability to be considered a source of income for realizing deferred tax assets, as well as the revaluation of the foreign deferred tax liability on the in-process research and development based on the foreign tax rates applicable to the anticipated reversal periods, partially offset by income tax expense for the accrual of unrecognized tax benefit for foreign taxes.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $10,182 and $9,359 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 17% and 11%, respectively. The difference between the effective tax rates and the 34% federal statutory rate was primarily due to tax impact of developed technology and in-process research and development impairment charge, change in valuation allowance, foreign income taxes provided at lower rates, geographic mix in expected operating results, unrecognized tax benefits, recognition of federal and state research and development credits and windfall tax benefits from stock-based compensation.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the gross amount of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits increased approximately $1,196 and $5,404, respectively, primarily as a result of tax positions taken during the current year. Substantially all of the unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018, if recognized, would not affect the Company’s effective tax rate due to valuation allowance. A significant amount of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is recorded against deferred tax asset, and a recognition of such unrecognized benefits would be offset by an increase in valuation allowance, resulting in no net effect on the effective tax rate. The Company believes that in the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that the gross unrecognized tax benefit may decrease by approximately $51 due to expiration of statute of limitations on certain foreign income taxes.

The Company is currently under examination by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (“IRAS”) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The audit adjustment made by IRAS to date generally affected only the timing of certain deductions claimed in those years and had no net effect on the Company’s income statement. IRAS is still in the process of examining the valuation of certain intangible assets transferred to Singapore during the years under audit, which may affect the deduction of related amortization in the subsequent years. As of the report date, the examination is ongoing.

The Tax Act, signed into law on December 22, 2017, made significant changes to U.S. federal corporate taxation, including a reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, a one-time transition tax on mandatory repatriation of accumulated earnings and profits of foreign subsidiaries in conjunction with the elimination of U.S. tax on dividend distributions from foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017, and inclusion of global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries.

Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”) allows for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the new tax legislation to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts.  In accordance with SAB 118, as of December 31, 2017, the Company made a provisional estimate of the remeasurement of the federal deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 to reflect the reduced U.S. statutory corporate tax rate to 21%,  the mandatory repatriation income which was fully absorbed by the U.S. net operating loss, the related valuation allowance offset, and valuation allowance release on deferred tax assets for the federal AMT credit that was made refundable by the Tax Reform Act. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company made changes to its provisional estimates previously recorded for the mandatory repatriation upon filing of its 2017 U.S. income tax return.  The change in the mandatory repatriation income was fully absorbed by the U.S. net operating loss, which is subject to valuation allowance and resulted in no current tax liability.  These measurement period adjustments had no net tax effect after the offsetting change to valuation allowance.   The Company will continue to analyze the effects of the Tax Act on the consolidated financial statements and will finalize the impacts of tax reform in its year-end financial statements.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the GILTI inclusion. Entities can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or account for GILTI as a period cost in the year the tax is incurred. The Company has not made an election. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the Tax Act, including provisions impacting certain foreign income, such as a GILTI tax and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, these items did not result in an impact on the Company’s effective tax rate.

12. Earnings Per Share

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

13. Stock–Based Compensation

In June 2010, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which became effective in November 2010. The 2010 Plan provides for the grants of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and stock unit awards to employees, non-employee directors, advisors and consultants. The compensation committee of the Board administers the 2010 Plan, including the determination of the recipient of an award, the number of shares subject to each award, whether an option is to be classified as an incentive stock option or nonstatutory option, and the terms and conditions of each award, including the exercise and purchase prices and the vesting or duration of the award. Options granted under the 2010 Plan are exercisable only upon vesting. At September 30, 2018, 4,493,952 shares of common stock have been reserved for future grants under the 2010 Plan.

Stock Option Awards 

The Company did not grant any stock options during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following table summarizes information regarding options outstanding:

The intrinsic value of options outstanding, exercisable and vested and expected to vest is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the respective balance sheet dates.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $3,887 and $8,796, respectively. The intrinsic value of exercised options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the exercise date. Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $522 and $1,514, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to members of the Board and employees. Most of the Company’s outstanding RSUs vest over four years with vesting contingent upon continuous service. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs using the market price of the common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of these awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The following table summarizes information regarding outstanding RSUs:

The RSUs include performance-based stock units subject to achievement of pre-established revenue goal and earnings per share on non-GAAP basis. Once the goals are met, the performance-based stock units are subject to four years of vesting from the original grant date, contingent upon continuous service. The total performance-based units that vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 92,205. As of September 30, 2018, the total performance-based units outstanding was 123,984.

Market Value Stock Units

In January 2018, the compensation committee of the Board approved long-term market value stock unit (MVSU) awards to certain executive officers and employees, subject to certain market and service conditions in the maximum total amount of 801,000 units. Recipients may earn between 0% to 225% of the target number of shares based on the Company’s achievement of total shareholder return (TSR) in comparison to the TSR of companies in the S&P 500 Index over a period of approximately three years in length ending in the first calendar quarter of 2021 after reporting of fiscal year 2020 results. If the Company’s absolute TSR is negative for the performance period, then, even if the relative TSR performance compared to other companies is high, the maximum number of shares that may be earned would be limited to the target number of shares. The fair value of the MVSU awards was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation model and compensation is being recognized ratably over the performance period. The expected volatility of the Company’s common stock was estimated based on historical average volatility rate for the three-year performance period. The dividend yield assumption was based on historical and anticipated dividend payouts. The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on observed interest rates consistent with three-year performance measurement period. The total amount of compensation to recognized over the performance period, and the assumptions used to value the grants are as follows:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In December 2011, the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which was amended and restated effective April 2015 and further amended and restated effective April 2018. Participants purchase the Company's stock using payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of their total cash compensation. Pursuant to the terms of the ESPP, the "look-back" period for the stock purchase price is six months. Offering and purchase periods will begin on February 10 and August 10 of each year. Participants will be granted the right to purchase common stock at a price per share that is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company's common stock at the beginning or the end of each six-month period.

The ESPP imposes certain limitations upon an employee’s right to acquire common stock, including the following: (i) no employee shall be granted a right to participate if such employee immediately after the election to purchase common stock, would own stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company, and (ii) no employee may be granted rights to purchase more than $25 fair value of common stock for each calendar year. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock available for purchase under the ESPP is 2,750,000 shares. The total common stock issued under the ESPP during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 283,493 and 171,099, respectively.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The fair value of the ESPP is estimated at the start of offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the Company’s results of operations as follows:

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, restricted stock units and awards at September 30, 2018, prior to the consideration of expected forfeitures, is approximately $130,504 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.58 years.

14. Fair Value Measurements

The guidance on fair value measurements requires fair value measurements to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

The Company measures its investments in marketable securities at fair value using the market approach, which uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company has cash equivalents, which consist of money market funds valued using the amortized cost method, in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, which approximates fair value.

The Company determines the amount of transfers between Levels 1 and 2 or transfers into or out of Level 3 by using the end-of-period fair value. The Company had no transfers among the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Convertible Notes are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at their original issuance value including accreted interest, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance cost. The Convertible Notes are not marked to fair value at the end of each reporting period. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of Convertible Notes was determined on the basis of market prices observable for similar instruments and is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The following table presents information about assets required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis:

As discussed in Note 4, the Company has a marketable equity investment. The marketable equity investment is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. As discussed in Note 4, the Company has non-marketable equity investments which are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because the Company estimates the value based on valuation methods using the observable transaction price at the transaction date.

15. Segment and Geographic Information

The Company operates in one reportable segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is considered to be the chief operating decision maker, manages the Company’s operations as a whole and reviews consolidated financial information for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources. Revenue by region is classified based on the locations to which the product is transported, which may differ from the customer’s principal offices.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

The following table sets forth the Company’s revenue by geographic region:

As of September 30, 2018, $29,561 of long-lived tangible assets are located outside the United States, of which $26,271 are located in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2017, $8,695 of long-lived tangible assets are located outside the United States, of which $4,647 are located in Taiwan.

16. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases its facility under noncancelable lease agreements expiring in various years through 2026. The Company also licenses certain software used in its research and development activities under a term license subscription and maintenance arrangement.

As of September 30, 2018, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year are as follows:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, lease operating expense was $1,142 and $4,590, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, lease operating expense was $1,709 and $5,075, respectively.

Noncancelable Purchase Obligations

The Company depends upon third party subcontractors to manufacture its wafers.  These subcontractor relationships typically allow for the cancellation of outstanding purchase orders, but require payment of all expenses incurred through the date of cancellation. As of September 30, 2018, the total value of open purchase orders for wafers was approximately $9,030. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has a commitment to pay $1,339 for software licenses and $804 for mask costs.

Legal Proceedings

Netlist, Inc. v. Inphi Corporation, Case No. 09-cv-6900 (C.D. Cal.)

On September 22, 2009, Netlist filed suit in the United States District Court, Central District of California, or the Court, asserting that the Company infringes U.S. Patent No. 7,532,537. Netlist filed an amended complaint on December 22, 2009, further asserting that the Company infringes U.S. Patent Nos. 7,619,912 and 7,636,274, collectively with U.S. Patent No. 7,532,537, the patents-in-suit, and seeking both unspecified monetary damages to be determined and an injunction to prevent further infringement. These infringement claims allege that the iMB™ and certain other memory module components infringe the patents-in-suit. The Company answered the amended complaint on February 11, 2010 and asserted that the Company does not infringe the patents-in-suit and that the patents-in-suit are invalid. In 2010, the Company filed inter partes requests for reexamination with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), asserting that the patents-in-suit are invalid. As a result of the proceedings at the USPTO, the Court has stayed the litigation, with the parties advising the Court on status every 120 days.

INPHI CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

As to the proceeding at the USPTO, reexamination has been ordered for all of the patents that were alleged to infringe, and at present, the USPTO has determined that almost all of the originally filed claims are not valid, with certain amended claims being determined patentable. The Reexamination Certificate for U.S. Patent No. 7,532,537 was issued on August 2, 2016 based upon amended claims. The parties continue to assert their respective positions with respect to the reexamination proceeding for U.S. Patent No. 7,619,912. With respect to the reexamination proceeding for U.S. Patent No. 7,636,274, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board has determined that none of the claims are patentable, Netlist has dismissed its appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit regarding this determination, and the parties are awaiting the USPTO issuance of the Reexamination Certificate based upon these proceedings.

While the Company intends to defend the foregoing USPTO proceedings and lawsuit vigorously, the USPTO proceedings and litigation, whether or not determined in the Company’s favor or settled, could be costly and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect the Company’s business.

Based on the nature of USPTO proceedings and litigation, the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome of this lawsuit and therefore, cannot determine the likelihood of loss nor estimate a range of possible loss. However, because of the nature and inherent uncertainties of litigation, should the outcome of these actions be unfavorable, the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company entered into settlement agreements related to claims by certain customers of ClariPhy Communications Inc. (ClariPhy) associated with contracts entered prior to the acquisition date under which the Company paid $8,000 to the customers. The Company also entered into an agreement with former shareholders of ClariPhy in which the Company recovered $4,875 from the escrow set up as part of the ClariPhy acquisition. The Company recorded a charge of $2,125, net of amount previously accrued, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included in General and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

The Company has recently been notified that it may be subject to additional possible claims by a customer of ClariPhy associated with circumstances arising prior to the acquisition date. The Company is currently reviewing whether these additional claims are valid, and the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the amount of any potential liability at this time. Amounts payable as a result of any or part of these claims may be recoverable from the escrow set up as part of the ClariPhy acquisition.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, investors, directors, officers, employees and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third-parties. These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. The Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.