Edgar Filing: AMGEN INC

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-37702

Amgen Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		95-3540776
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California		91320-1799
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(805) 447-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes ¨ No þ

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨

As of July 18, 2017, the registrant had 729,674,773 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

AMGEN INC.

INDEX



		Page No.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	1
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME	1
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	2
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS	3
	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS	4
	NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	5
Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	26
Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	35
Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	36
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		36
Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	36
Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS	36
Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	39
Item 6.	EXHIBITS	39
SIGNATURES		40
INDEX TO EXHIBITS		41

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION



Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMGEN INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenues:
Product sales	$	5,574	$	5,474	$	10,773	$	10,713
Other revenues	236		214		501		502
Total revenues	5,810		5,688		11,274		11,215

Operating expenses:
Cost of sales	1,024		1,050		2,020		2,068
Research and development	873		900		1,642		1,772
Selling, general and administrative	1,209		1,292		2,273		2,495
Other	6		66		50		98
Total operating expenses	3,112		3,308		5,985		6,433

Operating income	2,698		2,380		5,289		4,782

Interest expense, net	321		313		647		607
Interest and other income, net	165		137		360		287

Income before income taxes	2,542		2,204		5,002		4,462

Provision for income taxes	391		334		780		692

Net income	$	2,151	$	1,870	$	4,222	$	3,770

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	2.93	$	2.49	$	5.74	$	5.01
Diluted	$	2.91	$	2.47	$	5.71	$	4.97

Shares used in calculation of earnings per share:
Basic	734		751		736		753
Diluted	738		756		740		759

Dividends paid per share	$	1.15	$	1.00	$	2.30	$	2.00

See accompanying notes.

AMGEN INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	2,151		$	1,870		$	4,222		$	3,770
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes:
Foreign currency translation gains (losses)	35			(17		)	59			16
Effective portion of cash flow hedges	(201		)	(6		)	(274		)	(185		)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities	80			184			238			542
Other	(1		)	1			(1		)	1
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(87		)	162			22			374
Comprehensive income	$	2,064		$	2,032		$	4,244		$	4,144

See accompanying notes.

AMGEN INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,629		$	3,241
Marketable securities	36,598			34,844
Trade receivables, net	3,560			3,165
Inventories	2,961			2,745
Other current assets	2,694			2,015
Total current assets	48,442			46,010

Property, plant and equipment, net	4,980			4,961
Intangible assets, net	9,561			10,279
Goodwill	14,766			14,751
Other noncurrent assets	1,838			1,625
Total assets	$	79,587		$	77,626

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	883		$	917
Accrued liabilities	5,473			5,884
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt	1,459			4,403
Total current liabilities	7,815			11,204

Long-term debt	33,603			30,193
Long-term deferred tax liabilities	2,299			2,436
Long-term tax liabilities	2,605			2,419
Other noncurrent liabilities	1,543			1,499

Contingencies and commitments

Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock and additional paid-in capital; $0.0001 par value; 2,750.0 shares authorized; outstanding — 730.7 shares in 2017 and 738.2 shares in 2016	30,793			30,784
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	1,378			(438		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(449		)	(471		)
Total stockholders’ equity	31,722			29,875
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	79,587		$	77,626

See accompanying notes.

AMGEN INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	4,222		$	3,770
Depreciation and amortization	1,042			1,043
Share-based compensation expense	156			139
Deferred income taxes	(180		)	245
Other items, net	109			42
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables, net	(391		)	(119		)
Inventories	(90		)	(156		)
Other assets	(194		)	(330		)
Accounts payable	(43		)	(100		)
Accrued income taxes	(120		)	(328		)
Other liabilities	200			386
Net cash provided by operating activities	4,711			4,592
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(353		)	(344		)
Purchases of intangible assets	—			(99		)
Purchases of marketable securities	(19,244		)	(14,969		)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	14,425			9,063
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	3,284			1,339
Other	(82		)	(37		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,970		)	(5,047		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of debt	3,485			2,908
Repayment of debt	(4,405		)	(1,000		)
Net change in commercial paper	959			—
Repurchases of common stock	(1,562		)	(1,218		)
Dividends paid	(1,693		)	(1,504		)
Other	(137		)	(245		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,353		)	(1,059		)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(612		)	(1,514		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	3,241			4,144
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,629		$	2,630

See accompanying notes.

AMGEN INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

1. Summary of significant accounting policies

Business

Amgen Inc. (including its subsidiaries, referred to as “Amgen,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a global biotechnology pioneer that discovers, develops, manufactures and delivers innovative human therapeutics. We operate in one business segment: human therapeutics.

Basis of presentation

The financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, is unaudited but includes all adjustments (consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments unless otherwise indicated), which Amgen considers necessary for a fair presentation of its condensed consolidated results of operations for those periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year.

The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017.

Principles of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amgen as well as its majority-owned subsidiaries. We do not have any significant interests in any variable interest entities. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Property, plant and equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment is recorded at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, of $7.8 billion and $7.5 billion as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers to transfer goods and services. The FASB has subsequently issued additional, clarifying standards to address issues arising from implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. The new revenue recognition standard and clarifying standards are effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. The new standards are required to be adopted using either a full retrospective or a modified-retrospective approach. We expect to adopt this standard by using the modified-retrospective approach beginning in 2018. We have substantially completed our impact assessment and do not currently anticipate a material impact on Total revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We continue to review the impact that the new standard will have on our collaborations and license arrangements, as well as our financial statement disclosures. As we complete our assessment, we are also identifying and preparing to implement changes to our accounting policies, business processes, and internal controls to support the new accounting and disclosure requirements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the accounting and disclosures of financial instruments, including a provision requiring that equity investments (except for investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting) be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. With the exception of equity investments currently being accounted for at cost, adjustments are applied using a modified-retrospective approach by reflecting adjustments through a cumulative-effect impact on retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The new standard will be applied prospectively to those investments currently accounted for at cost. The impact that this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements will depend on the fair value of available-for-sale securities in our portfolio in the future. See Note 6, Available-for-sale investments, for the fair value of equity securities as of June 30, 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the accounting and disclosure of leases. This new standard requires that lessees recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet, including leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP, and disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements. The new standard requires a modified-retrospective approach to adoption and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2019, but may be adopted earlier. We expect to adopt this standard beginning in 2019. We continue to evaluate the impact that this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements, including related disclosures, as well as on our business processes and systems, accounting policies and internal controls. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income, but we do expect that upon adoption, this standard will have a material impact on our assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary effect of adoption will be the requirement to record right-of-use assets and corresponding lease obligations for current operating leases. In addition, the standard will require us to update our systems and processes used to track, record and account for our lease portfolio.

In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. Accordingly, these financial assets will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This new standard also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through Net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2020, but may be adopted earlier, beginning on January 1, 2019. With certain exceptions, adjustments are to be applied using a modified-retrospective approach by reflecting adjustments through a cumulative-effect impact on retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the income tax accounting guidance for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The new standard requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intercompany transfer of an asset, other than inventory, in the period the transfer occurs. The current exception to defer the recognition of any tax impact on intercompany transfers of inventory until it is sold to a third party remains unaffected. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018, but may be adopted earlier. We expect to adopt this standard beginning in 2018. The standard would be applied prospectively to any transaction occurring on or after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with the evaluation of when a set of assets acquired or disposed of should be considered a business. The new standard requires an entity to evaluate whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set would not be considered a business. The new standard also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. The new standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018, but may be adopted earlier. We expect to adopt this standard beginning in 2018. Adoption of this new standard may result in more transactions being accounted for as asset acquisitions versus business combinations; however, the impact on our consolidated financial statements will depend on the facts and circumstances of any specific future transactions.

2. Restructuring

In 2014, we initiated a restructuring plan to both invest in continuing innovation and the launch of our new pipeline molecules while improving our cost structure. As part of the plan, we closed facilities in Washington State and Colorado and are reducing the number of buildings we occupy at our headquarters in Thousand Oaks, California, as well as at other locations.

We continue to estimate that we will incur $800 million to $900 million of pre-tax charges in connection with our restructuring, including (i) separation and other headcount-related costs of $535 million to $585 million with respect to staff reductions and (ii) asset-related charges of $265 million to $315 million that consist primarily of asset impairments, accelerated depreciation and other related costs resulting from the consolidation of our worldwide facilities. Through June 30, 2017, we incurred a total of $517 million of separation and other headcount-related costs and $243 million of net asset-related charges.

The amounts related to the restructuring recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, were not significant. As of June 30, 2017, the total restructuring liability was not significant.

3. Income taxes

The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, were 15.4% and 15.6%, respectively, compared with 15.2% and 15.5%, respectively, for the corresponding periods of the prior year. The effective rates differ from the federal statutory rates primarily as a result of indefinitely invested earnings of our foreign operations. We do not provide for U.S. income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign operations that are intended to be invested indefinitely outside the United States.

The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017, was due primarily to a prior year benefit associated with tax incentives and lower tax benefits from share-based compensation payments, offset partially by discrete benefits associated with the effective settlement of certain state and federal tax matters.

The increase in our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017, was due primarily to lower tax benefits from share-based compensation payments, offset partially by discrete benefits associated with the effective settlement of certain state and federal tax matters and favorable tax impacts of changes in the jurisdictional mix of income and expenses.

The U.S. territory of Puerto Rico imposes an excise tax on the gross intercompany purchase price of goods and services from our manufacturer in Puerto Rico. The rate is 4% and is effective through December 31, 2027. We account for the excise tax as a manufacturing cost that is capitalized in inventory and expensed in cost of sales when the related products are sold. For U.S. income tax purposes, the excise tax results in foreign tax credits that are generally recognized in our provision for income taxes when the excise tax is incurred.

One or more of our legal entities file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and certain foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in those jurisdictions. Significant disputes may arise with authorities involving issues of the timing and amount of deductions, the use of tax credits and allocations of income and expenses among various tax jurisdictions because of differing interpretations of tax laws, regulations and the interpretation of the relevant facts. As previously disclosed, on April 12, 2017, we received a Revenue Agent Report (RAR) from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The RAR proposes to make significant adjustments that relate primarily to the allocation of profits between certain of our entities in the United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. We disagree with the proposed adjustments and are pursuing resolution through the IRS administrative appeals process, which we believe will likely not be concluded within the next 12 months. Final resolution of the IRS audit could have a material impact on our results of operations and cash flows if not resolved favorably, however, we believe our income tax reserves are appropriately provided for all open tax years. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ended on or before December 31, 2009. In addition, we are currently under examination by a number of other state and foreign tax jurisdictions.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the gross amount of our unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs) increased approximately $110 million and $225 million, respectively, as a result of tax positions taken during the current year. The UTB balance decreased approximately $65 million during the second quarter of 2017 due to the effective settlement of certain state and federal tax matters. Substantially all of the UTBs as of June 30, 2017, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate.

4. Earnings per share

The computation of basic earnings per share (EPS) is based on the weighted-average number of our common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of our common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares, which include primarily shares that may be issued under our stock option, restricted stock and performance unit award programs, as determined using the treasury stock method (collectively, dilutive securities).

The computations for basic and diluted EPS were as follows (in millions, except per share data):



	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Income (Numerator):
Net income for basic and diluted EPS	$	2,151	$	1,870	$	4,222	$	3,770

Shares (Denominator):
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS	734		751		736		753
Effect of dilutive securities	4		5		4		6
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS	738		756		740		759

Basic EPS	$	2.93	$	2.49	$	5.74	$	5.01
Diluted EPS	$	2.91	$	2.47	$	5.71	$	4.97

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the number of anti-dilutive employee share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS was not significant.

5. Collaborations

A collaborative arrangement is a contractual arrangement that involves a joint operating activity. These arrangements involve two or more parties that are both: (i) active participants in the activity and (ii) exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the activity.

From time to time, we enter into collaborative arrangements for the research and development (R&D), manufacture and/or commercialization of products and/or product candidates. These collaborations generally provide for non-refundable up-front license fees, development and commercial performance milestone payments, cost sharing, royalty payments and/or profit sharing. Our collaboration arrangements are performed with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success and each is unique in nature. Below is a significant arrangement that had a material change since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Novartis Pharma AG

In April 2017, we expanded our existing collaboration with Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis), a wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis AG, in the area of migraine. In the United States, Amgen and Novartis will jointly develop and collaborate on the commercialization of Aimovig^™(erenumab). Amgen, as the principal, will recognize product sales of Aimovig^™ in the United States, and will share U.S. commercialization costs with Novartis and pay Novartis a significant royalty on net sales in the United States. Novartis holds global co-development rights and exclusive commercial rights outside the United States and Japan. Novartis will pay Amgen double-digit royalties on net sales of the products in the Novartis exclusive territories. Novartis will fund a portion of global R&D expenses. Novartis will also make payments to Amgen that could collectively exceed $400 million if certain regulatory events occur and commercial thresholds are achieved. Amgen will manufacture and supply Aimovig^™ worldwide.

The migraine collaboration will continue for the commercial life of the products unless terminated in accordance with its terms.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, costs recovered from Novartis for the migraine products were $31 million and $11 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, costs recovered from Novartis for the migraine products were $57 million and $20 million, respectively. Costs recovered are included primarily in Research and development expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

6. Available-for-sale investments

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values of available-for-sale investments by type of security were as follows (in millions):



Type of security as of June 30, 2017	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	7,664	$	9	$	(12	)	$	7,661
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	226		1		(1		)	226
Foreign and other	2,334		27		(8		)	2,353
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	9,591		56		(10		)	9,637
Industrial	9,499		88		(18		)	9,569
Other	1,229		8		(2		)	1,235
Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,689		1		(8		)	1,682
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	1,854		2		(3		)	1,853
Money market mutual funds	2,165		—		—			2,165
Other short-term interest-bearing securities	2,382		—		—			2,382
Total interest-bearing securities	38,633		192		(62		)	38,763
Equity securities	134		30		(5		)	159
Total available-for-sale investments	$	38,767	$	222	$	(67	)	$	38,922



Type of security as of December 31, 2016	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	6,681	$	1	$	(68	)	$	6,614
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	302		—		(3		)	299
Foreign and other	1,784		9		(34		)	1,759
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	8,476		21		(37		)	8,460
Industrial	8,793		59		(63		)	8,789
Other	1,079		5		(7		)	1,077
Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,968		1		(29		)	1,940
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	1,731		1		(13		)	1,719
Money market mutual funds	2,782		—		—			2,782
Other short-term interest-bearing securities	4,188		—		—			4,188
Total interest-bearing securities	37,784		97		(254		)	37,627
Equity securities	127		31		(4		)	154
Total available-for-sale investments	$	37,911	$	128	$	(258	)	$	37,781

The fair values of available-for-sale investments by classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):



Classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,165	$	2,783
Marketable securities	36,598		34,844
Other noncurrent assets	159		154
Total available-for-sale investments	$	38,922	$	37,781

Cash and cash equivalents in the above table excludes bank account cash of $464 million and $458 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The fair values of available-for-sale interest-bearing security investments by contractual maturity, except for mortgage- and asset-backed securities that do not have a single maturity date, were as follows (in millions):



Contractual maturity	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Maturing in one year or less	$	6,905	$	8,393
Maturing after one year through three years	11,629		10,404
Maturing after three years through five years	13,346		12,157
Maturing after five years through ten years	3,286		2,974
Maturing after ten years	62		40
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	3,535		3,659
Total interest-bearing securities	$	38,763	$	37,627

For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, realized gains totaled $40 million and $31 million, respectively, and realized losses totaled $87 million and $54 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, realized gains totaled $75 million and $68 million, respectively, and realized losses totaled $171 million and $121 million, respectively. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

The unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments and their related fair values were as follows (in millions):



	Less than 12 months					12 months or greater
Type of security as of June 30, 2017	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,784	$	(12	)	$	—	$	—
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	132		(1		)	—		—
Foreign and other	968		(8		)	11		—
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	2,231		(9		)	22		(1		)
Industrial	2,646		(18		)	62		—
Other	370		(2		)	5		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,355		(6		)	69		(2		)
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	917		(3		)	8		—
Equity securities	20		(5		)	—		—
Total	$	14,423	$	(64	)	$	177	$	(3	)



	Less than 12 months					12 months or greater
Type of security as of December 31, 2016	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,774	$	(68	)	$	—	$	—
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	201		(3		)	—		—
Foreign and other	1,192		(34		)	17		—
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	3,975		(37		)	44		—
Industrial	3,913		(61		)	149		(2		)
Other	486		(7		)	7		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,631		(26		)	158		(3		)
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	1,087		(10		)	118		(3		)
Equity securities	22		(4		)	—		—
Total	$	18,281	$	(250	)	$	493	$	(8	)

The primary objective of our investment portfolio is to enhance overall returns in an efficient manner while maintaining safety of principal, prudent levels of liquidity and acceptable levels of risk. Our investment policy limits interest-bearing security investments to certain types of debt and money market instruments issued by institutions with primarily investment-grade credit ratings, and it places restrictions on maturities and concentration by asset class and issuer.

We review our available-for-sale investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value below our cost basis each quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the cost basis of an asset may not be recoverable. The evaluation is based on a number of factors, including the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been below our cost basis and adverse conditions related specifically to the security, including any changes to the credit rating of the security, and the intent to sell, or whether we will more likely than not be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Our assessment of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired could change in the future based on new developments or changes in assumptions related to that particular security. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we believe the cost bases for our available-for-sale investments were recoverable in all material respects.

7. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	237	$	225
Work in process	1,618		1,608
Finished goods	1,106		912
Total inventories	$	2,961	$	2,745

8. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill were as follows (in millions):



	Six months ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Beginning balance	$	14,751	$	14,787
Goodwill related to acquisitions of businesses⁽¹⁾	—		2
Currency translation adjustments	15		10
Ending balance	$	14,766	$	14,799


⁽¹⁾	Consists of goodwill recognized on the acquisition dates of business combinations and subsequent adjustments to these amounts resulting from changes to the acquisition date fair values of net assets acquired in the business combinations recorded during their respective measurement periods.

Identifiable intangible assets

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):



	June 30, 2017							December 31, 2016
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Intangible assets, net		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Intangible assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed product technology rights	$	12,562	$	(6,436	)	$	6,126	$	12,534	$	(5,947	)	$	6,587
Licensing rights	3,274		(1,450		)	1,824		3,275		(1,300		)	1,975
Marketing-related rights	1,326		(865		)	461		1,333		(793		)	540
Research and development technology rights	1,145		(755		)	390		1,122		(704		)	418
Total finite-lived intangible assets	18,307		(9,506		)	8,801		18,264		(8,744		)	9,520
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
In-process research and development	760		—			760		759		—			759
Total identifiable intangible assets	$	19,067	$	(9,506	)	$	9,561	$	19,023	$	(8,744	)	$	10,279

Developed product technology rights consist of rights related to marketed products acquired in business combinations. Licensing rights consist primarily of contractual rights acquired in business combinations to receive future milestones, royalties and profit sharing payments, capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products and up-front payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related intangible assets consist primarily of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. R&D technology rights consist of technology used in R&D with alternative future uses.

In-process research and development (IPR&D) consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. As of June 30, 2017, the primary projects are AMG 899 (formerly TA-8995), acquired in the acquisition of Dezima Pharma B.V. (Dezima) in 2015, and oprozomib, acquired in the acquisition of Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2013. The valuation of AMG 899 reflects delayed development pending competitor clinical trials in the class. Detailed information from these trials is expected in the third quarter of 2017 and may have a material impact on the value of our related IPR&D.

All IPR&D projects have major risks and uncertainties associated with the timely and successful completion of development and commercialization of product candidates, including our ability to confirm safety and efficacy based on data from clinical trials, our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and our ability to successfully complete these tasks within budgeted costs. We are not permitted to market a human therapeutic without obtaining regulatory approvals, and such approvals require our completing clinical trials that demonstrate a product candidate is safe and effective. In addition, the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, including government healthcare programs and private insurance plans, as well as competitive product launches, impact the revenues a product can generate. Consequently, the eventual realized value, if any, of the acquired IPR&D projects may vary from their estimated fair values. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.

During both of the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized amortization charges associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $371 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized amortization charges associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $744 million and $740 million, respectively. The total estimated amortization charges for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining six months ending December 31, 2017, and the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, are $0.6 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.1 billion, $1.1 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively.

9. Financing arrangements

The carrying values and fixed contractual coupon rates of our borrowings were as follows (in millions):



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Commercial paper	$	960		$	—
Short-term loan	—			605
2.125% notes due 2017 (2.125% 2017 Notes)	—			1,250
Floating Rate Notes due 2017	—			600
1.25% notes due 2017 (1.25% 2017 Notes)	—			850
5.85% notes due 2017 (5.85% 2017 Notes)	—			1,100
6.15% notes due 2018 (6.15% 2018 Notes)	500			500
4.375% €550 million notes due 2018 (4.375% 2018 euro Notes)	620			577
5.70% notes due 2019 (5.70% 2019 Notes)	1,000			1,000
1.90% notes due 2019 (1.90% 2019 Notes)	700			—
Floating Rate Notes due 2019	550			250
2.20% notes due 2019 (2.20% 2019 Notes)	1,400			1,400
2.125% €675 million notes due 2019 (2.125% 2019 euro Notes)	771			710
4.50% notes due 2020 (4.50% 2020 Notes)	300			300
2.125% notes due 2020 (2.125% 2020 Notes)	750			750
Floating Rate Notes due 2020	300			—
2.20% notes due 2020 (2.20% 2020 Notes)	700			—
3.45% notes due 2020 (3.45% 2020 Notes)	900			900
4.10% notes due 2021 (4.10% 2021 Notes)	1,000			1,000
1.85% notes due 2021 (1.85% 2021 Notes)	750			750
3.875% notes due 2021 (3.875% 2021 Notes)	1,750			1,750
1.25% €1,250 million notes due 2022 (1.25% 2022 euro Notes)	1,429			1,315
2.70% notes due 2022 (2.70% 2022 Notes)	500			500
2.65% notes due 2022 (2.65% 2022 Notes)	1,500			—
3.625% notes due 2022 (3.625% 2022 Notes)	750			750
0.41% CHF700 million bonds due 2023 (0.41% 2023 Swiss franc Bonds)	731			687
2.25% notes due 2023 (2.25% 2023 Notes)	750			750
3.625% notes due 2024 (3.625% 2024 Notes)	1,400			1,400
3.125% notes due 2025 (3.125% 2025 Notes)	1,000			1,000
2.00% €750 million notes due 2026 (2.00% 2026 euro Notes)	857			789
2.60% notes due 2026 (2.60% 2026 notes)	1,250			1,250
5.50% £475 million notes due 2026 (5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes)	619			586
4.00% £700 million notes due 2029 (4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes)	912			864
6.375% notes due 2037 (6.375% 2037 Notes)	552			552
6.90% notes due 2038 (6.90% 2038 Notes)	291			291
6.40% notes due 2039 (6.40% 2039 Notes)	466			466
5.75% notes due 2040 (5.75% 2040 Notes)	412			412
4.95% notes due 2041 (4.95% 2041 Notes)	600			600
5.15% notes due 2041 (5.15% 2041 Notes)	974			974
5.65% notes due 2042 (5.65% 2042 Notes)	487			487
5.375% notes due 2043 (5.375% 2043 Notes)	261			261
4.40% notes due 2045 (4.40% 2045 Notes)	2,250			2,250
4.563% notes due 2048 (4.563% 2048 Notes)	1,415			1,415
4.663% notes due 2051 (4.663% 2051 Notes)	3,541			3,541
Other notes due 2097	100			100
Unamortized bond discounts, premiums and issuance costs, net	(936		)	(936		)
Total carrying value of debt	$	35,062		$	34,596
Less current portion	(1,459		)	(4,403		)
Total noncurrent debt	$	33,603		$	30,193

There are no material differences between the effective interest rates and coupon rates of any of our borrowings, except for the 4.563% 2048 Notes and the 4.663% 2051 Notes, which have effective interest rates of approximately 6.3% and 5.6%, respectively.

Debt repayments

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we repaid the $605 million short-term loan, the $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2.125% 2017 Notes, the $600 million aggregate principal amount of the Floating Rate Notes due 2017, the $850 million aggregate principal amount of the 1.25% 2017 Notes and the $1.1 billion aggregate principal of the 5.85% 2017 Notes.

Debt issuances

In May 2017, we issued a $3.5 billion principal amount of notes, consisting of the Floating Rate Notes due 2019, the 1.90% 2019 Notes, the Floating Rate Notes due 2020, the 2.20% 2020 Notes and the 2.65% 2022 Notes. In the event of a change-of-control triggering event, as defined in the terms of the notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of these debt securities at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. All of the aforementioned fixed-rate notes may be redeemed at any time, in whole or in part, at the principal amount of the notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest and, except for the 2.65% 2022 Notes, a make-whole amount, which is defined by the terms of the notes. The 2.65% 2022 Notes may be redeemed without payment of the make-whole amount if redemption occurs on or after one month prior to maturity.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we issued commercial paper under our commercial paper program. As of June 30, 2017, the weighted-average effective borrowing rate on outstanding commercial paper was 1.3%.

10. Stockholders’ equity

Stock repurchase program

Activity under our stock repurchase program, on a trade date basis, was as follows (in millions):



	2017			2016
	Shares	Dollars		Shares	Dollars
First quarter	3.4	$	555	4.7	$	690
Second quarter	6.2	1,006		3.9	591
	9.6	$	1,561	8.6	$	1,281

As of June 30, 2017, $2.5 billion remained available under our stock repurchase program.

Dividends

In March 2017 and December 2016, the Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $1.15 per share of common stock, which were paid in June 2017 and March 2017, respectively.

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (AOCI) were as follows (in millions):



	Foreign currency translation			Cash flow hedges			Available-for-sale securities			Other			AOCI
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	(610	)	$	282		$	(138	)	$	(5	)	$	(471	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	21			—			—			—			21
Unrealized gains	—			17			116			—			133
Reclassification adjustments to income	—			(131		)	49			—			(82		)
Income taxes	3			41			(7		)	—			37
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	(586	)	$	209		$	20		$	(5	)	$	(362	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	37			—			—			—			37
Unrealized gains	—			17			73			—			90
Reclassification adjustments to income	—			(330		)	47			—			(283		)
Other	—			—			—			(1		)	(1		)
Income taxes	(2		)	112			(40		)	—			70
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	(551	)	$	8		$	100		$	(6	)	$	(449	)

The reclassifications out of AOCI and into earnings were as follows (in millions):



	Amounts reclassified out of AOCI
Components of AOCI	Three months ended June 30, 2017			Three months ended June 30, 2016			Line item affected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contract gains	$	33		$	79		Product sales
Cross-currency swap contract gains (losses)	297			(212		)	Interest and other income, net
	330			(133		)	Income before income taxes
	(117		)	49			Provision for income taxes
	$	213		$	(84	)	Net income
Available-for-sale securities:
Net realized losses	$	(47	)	$	(23	)	Interest and other income, net
	(2		)	8			Provision for income taxes
	$	(49	)	$	(15	)	Net income



	Amounts reclassified out of AOCI
Components of AOCI	Six months ended June 30, 2017			Six months ended June 30, 2016			Line item affected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contract gains	$	90		$	175		Product sales
Cross-currency swap contract gains (losses)	371			(142		)	Interest and other income, net
	461			33			Income before income taxes
	(164		)	(12		)	Provision for income taxes
	$	297		$	21		Net income
Available-for-sale securities:
Net realized losses	$	(96	)	$	(53	)	Interest and other income, net
	(2		)	8			Provision for income taxes
	$	(98	)	$	(45	)	Net income

11. Fair value measurement

To estimate the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, we use valuation approaches within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is divided into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:



Level 1	—	Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access
Level 2	—	Valuations for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than level 1 inputs
Level 3	—	Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used for measuring fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level of input used that is significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The fair values of each major class of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):



	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

Fair value measurement as of June 30, 2017, using:							Total
Assets:
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	7,661	$	—	$	—	$	7,661
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	—		226		—		226
Foreign and other	—		2,353		—		2,353
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	—		9,637		—		9,637
Industrial	—		9,569		—		9,569
Other	—		1,235		—		1,235
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		1,682		—		1,682
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	—		1,853		—		1,853
Money market mutual funds	2,165		—		—		2,165
Other short-term interest-bearing securities	—		2,382		—		2,382
Equity securities	159		—		—		159
Derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts	—		18		—		18
Cross-currency swap contracts	—		153		—		153
Interest rate swap contracts	—		52		—		52
Total assets	$	9,985	$	29,160	$	—	$	39,145

Liabilities:
Derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	93	$	—	$	93
Cross-currency swap contracts	—		398		—		398
Contingent consideration obligations in connection with business combinations	—		—		182		182
Total liabilities	$	—	$	491	$	182	$	673



	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

Fair value measurement as of December 31, 2016, using:							Total
Assets:
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	6,614	$	—	$	—	$	6,614
Other government-related debt securities:
U.S.	—		299		—		299
Foreign and other	—		1,759		—		1,759
Corporate debt securities:
Financial	—		8,460		—		8,460
Industrial	—		8,789		—		8,789
Other	—		1,077		—		1,077
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		1,940		—		1,940
Other mortgage- and asset-backed securities	—		1,719		—		1,719
Money market mutual funds	2,782		—		—		2,782
Other short-term interest-bearing securities	—		4,188		—		4,188
Equity securities	154		—		—		154
Derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts	—		203		—		203
Interest rate swap contracts	—		41		—		41
Total assets	$	9,550	$	28,475	$	—	$	38,025

Liabilities:
Derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	4
Cross-currency swap contracts	—		523		—		523
Interest rate swap contracts	—		7		—		7
Contingent consideration obligations in connection with business combinations	—		—		179		179
Total liabilities	$	—	$	534	$	179	$	713

The fair values of our U.S. Treasury securities, money market mutual funds and equity securities are based on quoted market prices in active markets with no valuation adjustment.

Most of our other government-related and corporate debt securities are investment grade with maturity dates of five years or less from the balance sheet date. Our other government-related debt securities portfolio is composed of securities with weighted-average credit ratings of A- or equivalent by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s), and BBB+ or equivalent by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (S&P) or Fitch Ratings Inc. (Fitch); and our corporate debt securities portfolio has a weighted-average credit rating of A- or equivalent by Fitch, and BBB + or equivalent by S&P or Moody’s. We estimate the fair values of these securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income- and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. The inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities; issuer credit spreads; benchmark securities; and other observable inputs.

Our residential mortgage-, other mortgage- and asset-backed securities portfolio is composed entirely of senior tranches, with credit ratings of AAA by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch. We estimate the fair values of these securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income- and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. The inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities; issuer credit spreads; benchmark securities; prepayment/default projections based on historical data; and other observable inputs.

We value our other short-term interest-bearing securities at amortized cost, which approximates fair value given their near-term maturity dates.

All of our foreign currency forward and option derivatives contracts have maturities of three years or less, and all are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A- or equivalent by S&P or Moody’s. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that utilizes an income-based industry standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. The inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR), swap rates and obligor credit default swap rates. In addition, inputs for our foreign currency option contracts include implied volatility measures. The inputs, when applicable, are at commonly quoted intervals. See Note 12, Derivative instruments.

Our cross-currency swap contracts are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A- or equivalent by S&P or Moody’s. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that utilizes an income-based industry standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. The inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, LIBOR, swap rates, obligor credit default swap rates and cross-currency basis swap spreads. See Note 12, Derivative instruments.

Our interest rate swap contracts are with counterparties that have minimum credit ratings of A- or equivalent by S&P or Moody’s. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by using an income-based industry standard valuation model for which all significant inputs were observable either directly or indirectly. The inputs included LIBOR, swap rates and obligor credit default swap rates.

Contingent consideration obligations

As a result of our business acquisitions, we incurred contingent consideration obligations, as discussed below. The contingent consideration obligations are recorded at their estimated fair values by using probability-adjusted discounted cash flows, and we revalue the obligations each reporting period until the related contingencies have been resolved. The fair value measurements of these obligations are based on significant unobservable inputs related to product candidates acquired in business combinations and are reviewed quarterly by management in our R&D and commercial sales organizations. The inputs include, as applicable, estimated probabilities and timing of achieving specified regulatory and commercial milestones and estimated annual sales. Significant changes that increase or decrease the probabilities of achieving the related regulatory and commercial events, that shorten or lengthen the time required to achieve such events, or that increase or decrease estimated annual sales would result in corresponding increases or decreases in the fair values of the obligations, as applicable. Changes in the fair values of contingent consideration obligations are recognized in Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Changes in the carrying amounts of contingent consideration obligations were as follows (in millions):



	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
Beginning balance	$	184		$	194		$	179	$	188
Net changes in valuation	(2		)	(23		)	3		(17		)
Ending balance	$	182		$	171		$	182	$	171

As a result of our acquisition of Dezima in October 2015, we are obligated to pay its former shareholders up to $1.25 billion of additional consideration contingent upon achieving certain development and sales-related milestones and low single-digit royalties on net product sales above a certain threshold. The estimated fair values of the contingent consideration obligations had an aggregate value of $110 million at acquisition. The valuation of the contingent consideration reflects delayed development of AMG 899 pending competitor clinical trials. Detailed information from these trials is expected in the third quarter of 2017 and may have a material impact on the value of the Dezima contingent consideration.

As a result of our acquisition of BioVex Group, Inc. in 2011, we are obligated to pay its former shareholders up to $325 million of additional consideration contingent upon the achievement of certain sales thresholds related to IMLYGIC^®(talimogene laherparepvec) within specified periods of time.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no transfers of assets or liabilities between fair value measurement levels, and there were no material remeasurements of the fair values of assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Summary of the fair values of other financial instruments

Cash equivalents

The estimated fair values of cash equivalents approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of such financial instruments.

Borrowings

We estimated the fair value of our borrowings (Level 2) by taking into consideration indicative prices obtained from a third-party financial institution that utilizes industry standard valuation models, including both income- and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities; credit spreads; benchmark yields; foreign currency exchange rates, as applicable; and other observable inputs. As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the aggregate fair values of our borrowings were $37.9 billion and $36.5 billion, respectively, and the carrying values were $35.1 billion and $34.6 billion, respectively.

12. Derivative instruments

The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks related to its business operations. To reduce our risks related to these exposures, we utilize or have utilized certain derivative instruments, including foreign currency forward, foreign currency option, cross-currency swap, forward interest rate and interest rate swap contracts. We do not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes.

Cash flow hedges

We are exposed to possible changes in the values of certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, associated primarily with our euro-denominated international product sales. Increases and decreases in the cash flows associated with our international product sales due to movements in foreign currency exchange rates are offset partially by corresponding increases and decreases in the cash flows from our international operating expenses resulting from these foreign currency exchange rate movements. To further reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our international product sales, we enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge a portion of our projected international product sales primarily over a three-year time horizon, with, at any given point in time, a higher percentage of nearer-term projected product sales being hedged than in successive periods.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had open foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $3.7 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, and open foreign currency option contracts with notional amounts of $289 million and $608 million, respectively. We have designated these foreign currency forward and foreign currency option contracts, which are primarily euro based, as cash flow hedges; and accordingly, we report the effective portions of the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts in AOCI in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and we reclassify them to earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

To hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of our long-term debt denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into cross-currency swap contracts. Under the terms of such contracts, we paid euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs and received U.S. dollars for the notional amounts at the inception of the contracts; and based on these notional amounts, we exchange interest payments at fixed rates over the lives of the contracts by paying U.S. dollars and receiving euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs. In addition, we will pay U.S. dollars to and receive euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs from the counterparties at the maturities of the contracts for these same notional amounts. The terms of these contracts correspond to the related hedged debt, effectively converting the interest payments and principal repayment on the debt from euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs to U.S. dollars. We have designated these cross-currency swap contracts as cash flow hedges, and accordingly, the effective portions of the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are reported in AOCI in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to earnings in the same periods during which the hedged debt affects earnings.

The notional amounts and interest rates of our cross-currency swaps were as follows (notional amounts in millions):



	Foreign currency				U.S. dollars
Hedged notes	Notional amount		Interest rate		Notional amount		Interest rate
2.125% 2019 euro Notes	€	675	2.125	%	$	864	2.6	%
1.25% 2022 euro Notes	€	1,250	1.25	%	$	1,388	3.2	%
0.41% 2023 Swiss franc Bonds	CHF	700	0.41	%	$	704	3.4	%
2.00% 2026 euro Notes	€	750	2.00	%	$	833	3.9	%
5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes	£	475	5.50	%	$	747	6.0	%
4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes	£	700	4.00	%	$	1,111	4.5	%

In connection with anticipated issuances of long-term fixed-rate debt, we entered into forward interest rate contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The forward interest rate contracts hedged the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable Treasury rate between the time we entered into these contracts and the time the related debt was issued in May 2017. Gains and losses realized on such contracts, which were designated as cash flow hedges, were recognized in AOCI and are being amortized into earnings over the lives of the associated debt issuances.

The effective portions of the unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in other comprehensive income for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in millions):



	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2017			2016			2017			2016
Foreign currency contracts	$	(203	)	$	86		$	(250	)	$	(62	)
Cross-currency swap contracts	217			(226		)	281			(195		)
Forward interest rate contracts	3			(4		)	3			(4		)
Total	$	17		$	(144	)	$	34		$	(261	)

The locations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and the effective portions of the gain/(loss) reclassified out of AOCI and into earnings for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in millions):



		Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Statements of Income location	2017		2016			2017		2016
Foreign currency contracts	Product sales	$	33	$	79		$	90	$	175
Cross-currency swap contracts	Interest and other income, net	297		(212		)	371		(142		)
Total		$	330	$	(133	)	$	461	$	33

No portions of our cash flow hedge contracts are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, and the gains and losses of the ineffective portions of these hedging instruments were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. As of June 30, 2017, the amounts expected to be reclassified out of AOCI and into earnings during the next 12 months are approximately $114 million of net losses on our foreign currency and cross-currency swap contracts and approximately $1 million of losses on forward interest rate contracts.

Fair value hedges

To achieve the desired mix of fixed and floating interest rates on our long-term debt, we entered into interest rate swap contracts that qualified and are designated as fair value hedges. The terms of these interest rate swap contracts correspond to the related hedged debt instruments and effectively convert a fixed interest rate coupon to a floating LIBOR-based coupon over the lives of the respective notes. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had interest rate swap agreements with aggregate notional amounts of $6.65 billion that hedge certain of our long-term debt issuances. The contracts have rates that range from three-month LIBOR plus 0.4% to three-month LIBOR plus 2.0%. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we entered into interest rate swap contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $3.65 billion with respect to our 3.625% 2024 Notes, 3.125% 2025 Notes and 2.60% 2026 Notes. The contracts have rates that range from three-month LIBOR plus 0.3% to three-month LIBOR plus 1.4%. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2017, interest rate swap contracts that had an aggregate notional amount of $850 million matured. These contracts had rates of three-month LIBOR plus 0.4%.