Q1 2013 - 10Q
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
(Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
for the transition period from              to             
 
Commission file number: 1-13888
 
 

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
27-2496053
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
12900 Snow Road
44130
Parma, OH
(Zip code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (216) 676-2000
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer x
Accelerated Filer o
Non-Accelerated Filer o
Smaller Reporting Company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
As of April 15, 2013, 134,868,616 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION:
 
 
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2
Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
As of March 31, 2013
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
17,317

 
$
11,304

Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
   $7,573 as of December 31, 2012 and $6,336 as of March 31, 2013
236,429

 
188,761

Inventories
513,065

 
538,222

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
56,190

 
58,087

Total current assets
823,001

 
796,374

Property, plant and equipment
1,532,359

 
1,537,488

Less: accumulated depreciation
698,452

 
705,785

Net property, plant and equipment
833,907

 
831,703

Deferred income taxes
6,157

 
5,876

Goodwill
498,261

 
497,681

Other assets
136,589

 
130,513

Total assets
$
2,297,915

 
$
2,262,147

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
128,120

 
$
94,437

Short-term debt
8,426

 
2,102

Accrued income and other taxes
30,923

 
28,682

Supply chain financing liability
26,962

 
12,659

Other accrued liabilities
50,953

 
58,784

Total current liabilities
245,384

 
196,664

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
535,709

 
551,886

Other long-term obligations
125,005

 
121,587

Deferred income taxes
41,966

 
38,301

Contingencies – Note 12

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, par value $.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
—

 
—

Common stock, par value $.01, 225,000,000 shares authorized,
   150,869,227 shares issued as of December 31, 2012 and 151,356,901
   shares issued as of March 31, 2013
1,509

 
1,516

Additional paid-in capital
1,812,592

 
1,816,133

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(280,678
)
 
(284,454
)
Retained earnings
66,884

 
71,094

Less: cost of common stock held in treasury, 16,418,710 shares as of
   December 31, 2012 and 16,503,525 shares as of March 31, 2013
(249,487
)
 
(249,656
)
Less: common stock held in employee benefit and compensation trusts,
   76,095 shares as of December 31, 2012 and 73,522 shares as of
   March 31, 2013
(969
)
 
(924
)
Total stockholders’ equity
1,349,851

 
1,353,709

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,297,915

 
$
2,262,147

 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3
Table of Contents

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2012
 
2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 
 
 
 
Net sales
 
$
240,938

 
$
253,727

Cost of sales
 
174,007

 
205,177

Gross profit
 
66,931

 
48,550

Research and development
 
4,199

 
3,093

Selling and administrative expenses
 
38,725

 
29,713

Operating income
 
24,007

 
15,744

 
 
 
 
 
Other (income) expense, net
 
(3,423
)
 
550

Interest expense
 
4,762

 
9,008

Interest income
 
(81
)
 
(64
)
Income before provision for income taxes
 
22,749

 
6,250

 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
5,220

 
2,040

Net income
 
$
17,529

 
$
4,210

 
 
 
 
 
Basic income per common share:
 
 
 
 
Net income per share
 
$
0.12

 
$
0.03

Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
143,795

 
134,646

 
 
 
 
 
Diluted income per common share:
 
 
 
 
Net income per share
 
$
0.12

 
$
0.03

Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
144,499

 
134,833

 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
17,529

 
$
4,210

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
9,848

 
(7,309
)
Commodities and foreign currency derivatives, net of tax of $403 and ($307), respectively
 
1,680

 
3,533

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
11,528

 
(3,776
)
Comprehensive income
 
$
29,057

 
$
434


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


4
Table of Contents

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Cash flow from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
17,529

 
$
4,210

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operations:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
16,087

 
20,376

Deferred income tax provision
(218
)
 
(1,660
)
Post-retirement and pension plan changes
796

 
1,141

Currency gains
(139
)
 
23

Stock-based compensation
3,538

 
2,366

Interest expense
2,975

 
3,433

Insurance recoveries
4,007

 
—

Other charges, net
(6,447
)
 
262

Increase in working capital*
(47,110
)
 
(8,934
)
Increase in long-term assets and liabilities
(6,392
)
 
(3,218
)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(15,374
)
 
17,999

Cash flow from investing activities:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(31,424
)
 
(13,156
)
Proceeds from derivative instruments
3,623

 
2,181

Other
53

 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(27,748
)
 
(10,975
)
Cash flow from financing activities:
 
 
 
Short-term debt reductions, net
(3,012
)
 
(6,324
)
Revolving Facility borrowings
100,000

 
66,000

Revolving Facility reductions
(47,000
)
 
(52,500
)
Principal payments on long-term debt
(97
)
 
(99
)
Supply chain financing
(5,262
)
 
(14,304
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
92

 
132

Purchase of treasury shares
(1,185
)
 
(181
)
Other
(127
)
 
(5,647
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
43,409

 
(12,923
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
287

 
(5,899
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
101

 
(114
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
12,429

 
17,317

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
12,817

 
$
11,304

 
 
 
 
* Net change in working capital due to the following components:
 
 
 
Change in current assets:
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
72,481

 
$
47,767

Inventories
(100,674
)
 
(23,789
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(4,087
)
 
(1,186
)
Decrease in accounts payable and accruals
(14,610
)
 
(36,596
)
(Decrease) increase in interest payable
(220
)
 
4,870

Increase in working capital
$
(47,110
)
 
$
(8,934
)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


5
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)



(1)
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
A. Organization
GrafTech International Ltd. is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and providers of high quality synthetic and natural graphite and carbon based products. References herein to “GTI,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer collectively to GrafTech International Ltd. and its subsidiaries. We have seven major product categories: graphite electrodes, refractory products, needle coke products, advanced electronics technologies, advanced graphite materials, advanced composite materials and advanced materials, which are reported in the following segments:
Industrial Materials includes graphite electrodes, refractory products, and needle coke products, and primarily serves the steel industry.
Engineered Solutions includes advanced electronics technologies, advanced graphite materials, advanced composite materials and advanced materials, and provides primary and specialty products to the advanced electronics, industrial, energy, transportation and defense industries.
B. Basis of Presentation
The interim Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they have been prepared in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). December 31, 2012 final position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (the “Annual Report”) but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. These interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the accompanying Notes, contained in the Annual Report.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are of a normal, recurring nature) which management considers necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim period presented. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
C. New Accounting Standards
In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance on reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The guidance requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of AOCI by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. We disclose our reclassifications within Footnote 14 "Derivative Instruments", as these are the only material reclassifications out of AOCI. This guidance was adopted by the Company retrospectively as of January 1, 2013. As the accounting standard only impacts disclosures, the new standard does not have an impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
(2)
Stock-Based Compensation
For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2013, we recognized $3.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense. A majority of the expense, $3.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, was recorded as selling and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income, with the remaining expenses recorded as cost of sales and research and development.
As of March 31, 2013, the total compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock, performance shares and stock options not yet recognized was $18.5 million, which will be recognized over the weighted average life of 1.7 years.

6
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


Restricted Stock and Performance Shares
Restricted stock and performance share awards activity under the plans for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant  Date
Fair Value
Outstanding unvested as of January 1, 2013
1,851,919

 
$
13.30

Granted
90,542

 
8.77

Vested
(288,939
)
 
15.90

Forfeited/canceled/expired
(70,821
)
 
19.21

Outstanding unvested as of March 31, 2013
1,582,701

 
12.30

 
Stock Options
Stock option activity under the plans for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding as of January 1, 2013
1,730,149

 
$
12.35

Granted
5,200

 
9.74

Forfeited/canceled/expired
—

 
—

Exercised
(40,735
)
 
4.29

Outstanding as of March 31, 2013
1,694,614

 
12.54

(3)
Earnings per Share
The following table shows the information used in the calculation of our share counts for basic and diluted earnings per share:
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    for basic calculation
143,795,454

 
134,645,729

Add: Effect of stock options and restricted stock
703,313

 
186,829

Weighted average common shares outstanding
    for diluted calculation
144,498,767

 
134,832,558

Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive securities had been issued.
The weighted average common shares outstanding for the diluted earnings per share calculation excludes consideration of stock options covering 461,197 shares in the three months ended March 31, 2012, as the exercise prices were greater than the weighted average market price of our common stock for that period. The weighted average common shares outstanding for the diluted earnings per share calculation excludes consideration of stock options covering 1,594,615 shares in the three months ended March 31, 2013 with exercise prices greater than the weighted average market price of our common stock for that period.

7
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


(4)
Segment Reporting

We operate in two reportable segments: Industrial Materials and Engineered Solutions.
Industrial Materials. Our industrial materials segment manufactures and delivers high quality graphite electrodes, refractory products and needle coke products. Electrodes are key components of the conductive power systems used to produce steel and other non-ferrous metals. Refractory products are used in blast furnaces and submerged arc furnaces due to their high thermal conductivity and the ease with which they can be machined to large or complex shapes. Needle coke, a crystalline form of carbon derived from decant oil, is the key ingredient in, and is used primarily in, the production of graphite electrodes.
Engineered Solutions. The Engineered Solutions segment includes advanced electronics technologies, advanced graphite materials, advanced composite materials and advanced materials. Advanced electronics technologies products consist of electronic thermal management solutions, fuel cell components, and sealing materials. Advanced graphite materials are highly engineered synthetic graphite products used in many areas due to their unique properties and the ability to tailor them to specific solutions. These products are used in transportation, alternative energy, metallurgical, chemical, oil and gas exploration and various other industries. Advanced composite materials are highly engineered carbon products that are woven into various shapes to primarily support the aerospace and defense industries. Advanced materials use carbon and graphite powders as components or additives in a variety of industries, including metallurgical processing, battery and fuel cell components, and polymer additives.
We continue to evaluate the performance of our segments based on segment operating income. Intersegment sales and transfers are not material and the accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those for our Consolidated Financial Statements as a whole. Corporate expenses are allocated to segments based on each segment’s percentage of consolidated sales.
The following tables summarize financial information concerning our reportable segments:
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales to external customers:
 
 
 
Industrial Materials
$
192,996

 
$
208,777

Engineered Solutions
47,942

 
44,950

Total net sales
$
240,938

 
$
253,727

Segment operating income:
 
 
 
Industrial Materials
24,925

 
16,078

Engineered Solutions
(918
)
 
(334
)
Total segment operating income
$
24,007

 
$
15,744

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of segment operating income to
    income before provision for income taxes
 
 
 
Other (income) expense, net
(3,423
)
 
550

Interest expense
4,762

 
9,008

Interest income
(81
)
 
(64
)
Income before provision for income taxes
$
22,749

 
$
6,250


(5)
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2012, includes $4.0 million of insurance reimbursements for claims made related to flood damages incurred at our Clarksburg, West Virginia facility during 2011.

8
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


(6)
Benefit Plans
The components of our consolidated net pension costs are set forth in the following table:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Service cost
$
426

 
$
489

Interest cost
2,150

 
1,985

Expected return on plan assets
(2,195
)
 
(1,706
)
Amortization of prior service cost
6

 
6

Net cost
$
387

 
$
774


The components of our consolidated net postretirement costs are set forth in the following table: 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Service cost
$
46

 
$
28

Interest cost
381

 
331

Amortization of prior service benefit
(49
)
 
(50
)
Plan amendment
—

 
—

Net cost
$
378

 
$
309


(7)
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We are required to review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually for impairment. Goodwill impairment is tested at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.
Our annual impairment test of goodwill was performed as of December 31, 2012. The estimated fair values of our reporting units were based on discounted cash flow models derived from internal earnings forecasts and assumptions. The assumptions and estimates used in these valuations incorporated the current and expected economic environment. Our model was based on our internally developed forecast and based on these valuations, the fair value substantially exceeded our net asset value. In addition, to the quantitative analysis, we qualitatively assessed our reporting units and we believe that the quantitative analysis supporting the fair value in excess of the carrying value is appropriate. However, a further significant deterioration in the global economic environment or in any of the input assumptions in our calculation could adversely affect the fair value of our reporting units and result in an impairment of some or all of the goodwill on the balance sheet.
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, there were no events or changes in circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2013 are as follows:

9
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


 
Total
 
(Dollars in
Thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2012
$
498,261

Currency translation effect
(580
)
Balance as of March 31, 2013
$
497,681


The following table summarizes intangible assets with determinable useful lives by major category as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013:
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Patents
$
3,520

 
$
(1,617
)
 
$
1,903

 
$
3,520

 
$
(1,673
)
 
$
1,847

Trade name
7,900

 
(2,870
)
 
5,030

 
7,900

 
(3,139
)
 
4,761

Technological know-how
43,349

 
(12,554
)
 
30,795

 
43,349

 
(14,061
)
 
29,288

Customer –related
    intangible
110,798

 
(31,233
)
 
79,565

 
110,798

 
(34,591
)
 
76,207

Total finite-lived
    intangible assets
$
165,567

 
$
(48,274
)
 
$
117,293

 
$
165,567

 
$
(53,464
)
 
$
112,103

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $5.6 million and $5.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, respectively.
(8)
Long-Term Debt and Liquidity
The following table presents our long-term debt: 
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Revolving Facility
$
69,500

 
$
83,000

Senior Notes
300,000

 
300,000

Senior Subordinated Notes
164,183

 
166,983

Other debt
2,026

 
1,903

Total
$
535,709

 
$
551,886

 
The fair value of long-term debt, which was determined using Level 2 inputs, was $546.3 million, versus a book value of $535.7 million as of December 31, 2012 and $563.7 million, versus a book value of $551.9 million as of March 31, 2013.
Revolving Facility
On October 7, 2011, we successfully completed the refinancing of our principal revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”). Borrowers under the Revolving Facility were GrafTech Finance Inc. (“GrafTech Finance”) and GrafTech Switzerland S.A. (“Swissco”), both wholly-owned subsidiaries. On April 20, 2012, as permitted by Section 9.19 of the October 7, 2011 Credit Agreement, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement pursuant to which, on August 28, 2012, GrafTech Luxembourg II S.à.r.l. (“Luxembourg Holdco”) replaced Swissco as a Borrower. Swissco is no longer entitled to borrow Loans under the Revolving Facility although it is entitled to request letters of credit thereunder only for its own use.

10
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The interest rate applicable to the Revolving Facility is, at GrafTech’s option, either LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.5% to 2.25% (depending on our total net leverage ratio and/or senior unsecured rating) or, in the case of dollar denominated loans, the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% (depending upon such ratio or rating). The alternate base rate is the highest of (i) the prime rate announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (ii) the federal fund effective rate plus one-half of 1.0% and (iii) the London interbank offering rate (as adjusted) for a one-month period plus 1.0%. The borrowers pay a per annum fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% (depending on such ratio or rating) on the undrawn portion of the commitments under the Revolving Facility.
The financial covenants require us to maintain a minimum cash interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and a maximum senior secured leverage ratio of 2.25 to 1.00, subject to adjustment for certain events. As of March 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all financial and other covenants contained in the Revolving Facility, as applicable.
Senior Notes
On November 20, 2012, GrafTech International Ltd. entered into an indenture dated November 20, 2012 (the “Indenture”) among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Company issued $300 million principal amount of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2020. These Senior Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with all of the Company's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. The Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of the Company's existing and future subsidiaries that guarantee certain other indebtedness of the Company or another guarantor.
 
The Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.375% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on May 15, 2013. Interest will accrue from November 20, 2012. The Senior Notes mature on November 15, 2020.
 
The Company is entitled to redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time on or after November 15, 2016, at the redemption prices set forth in the Indenture. In addition, prior to November 15, 2016, the Company may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus a “make whole” premium determined as set forth in the Indenture. The Company is also entitled to redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes before November 15, 2015 with the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 106.375% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

If, prior to maturity, a change in control (as defined in the Indenture) of the Company occurs and thereafter certain downgrades of the ratings of the Senior Notes as specified in the Indenture occur, the Company will be required to offer to repurchase any or all of the Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

The Indenture also contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to: (i) create liens or use assets as security in other transactions; (ii) engage in certain sale/leaseback transactions; and (iii) merge, consolidate or sell, transfer, lease or dispose of substantially all of their assets.

The Indenture also contains customary events of default, including (i) failure to pay principal or interest on the Senior Notes when due and payable, (ii) failure to comply with covenants or agreements in the Indenture or the Senior Notes which failures are not cured or waived as provided in the Indenture, (iii) failure to pay indebtedness of the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor or Significant Subsidiary (as defined in the Indenture) within any applicable grace period after maturity or acceleration and the total amount of such indebtedness unpaid or accelerated exceeds $50.0 million, (iv) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization, (v) failure to pay any judgment or decree for an amount in excess of $50.0 million against the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary that is not discharged, waived or stayed as provided in the Indenture, (vi) cessation of any subsidiary guarantee to be in full force and effect or denial or disaffirmance by any Subsidiary Guarantor of its obligations under its subsidiary guarantee, and (vii) a default under the Company's Senior Subordinated Notes. In the case of an event of default, the principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest may be accelerated.

The offering of the Senior Notes was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or any state securities laws or blue sky laws but the Company has agreed to file a registration statement

11
PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


under the Securities Act to permit the exchange of the Senior Notes for new registered notes of the Company having terms substantially identical to the Senior Notes. Under certain circumstances, the Company may also be required to file a shelf registration statement under the Securities Act to register the resale of the Senior Notes by certain holders thereof. If the Company fails to comply with certain of their obligations, the Company will be required to pay additional interest to the holders of the Senior Notes until it does comply.
Senior Subordinated Notes
On November 30, 2010, in connection with our acquisitions of Seadrift Coke L.P. and C/G Electrodes LLC, we issued Senior Subordinated Notes for an aggregate face amount of $200 million. These Senior Subordinated Notes are non-interest bearing and mature in 2015. Because these notes are non-interest bearing, we were required to record them at their present value (determined using an interest rate of 7%). The difference between the face amount of the notes and their present value is recorded as debt discount. The debt discount is amortized to income using the interest method, over the life of the notes. The loan balance, net of unamortized discount, was $164.2 million as of December 31, 2012 and $167.0 million as of March 31, 2013.
(9)
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following: 
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
As of
March 31,
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Inventories:
 
 
 
Raw materials and supplies
$
230,057

 
$
226,232

Work in process
213,948

 
234,400

Finished goods
73,293

 
84,190

 
517,298

 
544,822

Reserves
(4,233
)
 
(6,600
)
         Total
$
513,065

 
$
538,222


(10) Interest Expense
The following table presents an analysis of interest expense: 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Interest incurred on debt
$
1,637

 
$
5,449

Amortization of discount on Senior Subordinated Notes
2,617

 
2,801

Amortization of debt issuance costs
377

 
555

Supply Chain Financing mark-up
131

 
203

Total interest expense
$
4,762

 
$
9,008

Interest Rates
The Revolving Facility had an effective interest rate of 2.21% and 2.20% as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, respectively. The Senior Subordinated Notes have an implied interest rate of 7.00%. The Senior Notes have a fixed interest rate of 6.375%.
 

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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


(11)
Supply Chain Financing

We have a supply chain financing arrangement with a financing party. Under this arrangement, we essentially assign our rights to purchase needle coke from a supplier to the financing party. The financing party purchases the product from a supplier under the standard payment terms and then immediately resells it to us under longer payment terms. The financing party pays the supplier the purchase price for the product and then we pay the financing party. Our payment to the financing party for this needle coke includes a mark-up (the “Mark-Up”). The Mark-Up is a premium expressed as a percentage of the purchase price. The Mark-Up is subject to quarterly reviews. This arrangement helps us to maintain a balanced cash conversion cycle between inventory payments and the collection of receivables. Based on the terms of the arrangement, the total amount that we owe to the financing party may not exceed $49.3 million at any point in time.
We record the inventory once title and risk of loss transfers from the supplier to the financing party. We record our liability to the financing party as an accrued liability. Our liability under this arrangement was $27.0 million and $12.7 million as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, respectively. We recognized Mark-Up of $0.1 million and $0.2 million as interest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
(12)
Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various investigations, lawsuits, claims, demands, environmental compliance programs and other legal proceedings arising out of or incidental to the conduct of our business. While it is not possible to determine the ultimate disposition of each of these matters, we do not believe that their ultimate disposition will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Product Warranties
We generally sell products with a limited warranty. We accrue for known warranty claims if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We also accrue for estimated warranty claims incurred based on a historical claims charge analysis. Claims accrued but not yet paid and the related activity within the accrual for the three months ended March 31, 2013, are presented below (dollars in thousands): 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2012
$
1,485

Product warranty adjustments
(1
)
Payments and settlements
(319
)
Balance as of March 31, 2013
$
1,165

(13)
Income Taxes
We compute an estimated annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis, considering ordinary income and related income tax expense. Ordinary income refers to income (loss) before income tax expense excluding significant, unusual, or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs. These items may include the cumulative effect of changes in tax laws or rates, impairment charges, adjustments to prior period uncertain tax positions, or adjustments to our valuation allowance due to changes in judgment of the realizability of deferred tax assets.

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PART I (CONT'D)
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013:
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Tax expense
$
5,220

 
$
2,040

Pretax income
$
22,749

 
$
6,250

Effective tax rates
22.9
%
 
32.6
%
The current year effective tax rate differs from the U.S statutory rate of 35% primarily due to an enacted tax law change resulting in a favorable discrete item.
As of March 31, 2013, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $10.0 million, $5.9 million of which, if recognized, would have a favorable impact on our effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that a reduction of unrecognized tax benefits of $5.8 million may occur within 12 months due to settlements and the expiration of statutes of limitation.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. All U.S. tax years prior to 2010 are generally closed by statute or have been audited and settled with the domestic tax authorities. We have one issue outstanding from the 2008 U.S. federal audit, which is under appeals. We are also under audit in Switzerland for federal, cantonal, and communal taxes for the tax years ended 2006 - 2009. All other non-U.S. jurisdictions are still open to examination beginning after 2007.
We continue to assess the need for valuation allowances against deferred tax assets based on determinations of whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. Appropriate consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Examples of positive evidence would include a strong earnings history, an event or events that would increase our taxable income through a continued reduction of expenses, and tax planning strategies that would indicate an ability to realize deferred tax assets. In circumstances where significant positive evidence does not yet outweigh negative evidence, we have maintained valuation allowances on those deferred tax assets.
(14)
Derivative Instruments
We use derivative instruments as part of our overall foreign currency and commodity risk management strategies to manage the risk of exchange rate movements that would reduce the value of our foreign cash flows and to minimize commodity price volatility. Foreign currency exchange rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the value of sales made and costs incurred in currencies other than the US dollar.
Certain of our derivative contracts contain provisions that require us to provide collateral. Since the counterparties to these financial instruments are large commercial banks and similar financial institutions, we do not believe that we are exposed to material counterparty credit risk. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any of the counter-parties to our instruments.
Foreign currency derivatives
We enter into foreign currency derivatives from time to time to attempt to manage exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. These foreign currency instruments, which include, but are not limited to, forward exchange contracts and purchased currency options, attempt to hedge global currency exposures such as foreign currency denominated debt, sales, receivables, payables, and purchases. Forward exchange contracts are agreements to exchange different currencies at a specified future date and at a specified rate. There was no ineffectiveness on these contracts designated as hedging instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2013.
In 2012 and 2013, we entered into foreign forward currency derivatives denominated in the Mexican peso, South African rand, Brazilian real, euro and Japanese yen. These derivatives were entered into to protect the risk that the eventual cash flows resulting from such transactions may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates between

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PART I (CONT'D)
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


the US dollar and the Mexican peso, South African rand, Brazilian real, euro and Japanese yen. As of March 31, 2013, we had outstanding Mexican peso, South African rand, Brazilian real, euro, and Japanese yen currency contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $255.0 million. The foreign currency derivatives outstanding as of March 31, 2013 have several maturity dates ranging from April 2013 to December 2013.
Commodity derivative contracts
We periodically enter into derivative contracts for certain refined oil products and natural gas. These contracts are entered into to protect against the risk that eventual cash flows related to these products may be adversely affected by future changes in prices. There was no ineffectiveness on these contracts during the three months ended March 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2013, we had outstanding derivative swap contracts for refined oil products with aggregate notional amounts of $28.5 million. These contracts have maturity dates ranging from April 2013 to June 2013.
The fair value of all derivatives is recorded as assets or liabilities on a gross basis in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, the fair values of our derivatives and their respective balance sheet locations are presented in the following tables:
 
 
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
Location
 
Fair  Value
 
Location
 
Fair  Value
As of December 31, 2012
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
Other receivables
 
$
1,062

 
Other payables
 
$
2,374

Commodity derivative contracts
Other current assets
 
—

 
Other current liabilities
 
31

Total fair value
 
 
$
1,062

 
 
 
$
2,405

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
Other receivables
 
$
2,886

 
Other payables
 
$
886

Commodity derivative contracts
Other current assets
 
258

 
Other current liabilities
 
15

Total fair value
 
 
$
3,144

 
 
 
$
901

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
Location
 
Fair  Value
 
Location
 
Fair  Value
As of December 31, 2012
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
Other receivables
 
$
242

 
Other payables
 
$
—

Total fair value
 
 
$
242

 
 
 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
Other receivables
 
$
96

 
Other payables
 
$
130

Total fair value
 
 
$
96

 
 
 
$
130


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PART I (CONT'D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The location and amount of realized (gains) losses on derivatives are recognized in the Statements of Income when the hedged item impacts earnings and are as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized (Effective
Portion)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Location of (Gain)/Loss Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Effective Portion)
 
2012
 
2013
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives, excluding tax
  of $122 and $(9), respectively
 
Cost of goods sold/Other expense / (income) / Revenue
 
$
(1,221
)
 
$
94

Commodity forward derivatives, excluding
  tax of $894 and $117, respectively
 
Cost of goods sold / Revenue
 
$
(2,470
)
 
$
(323
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Gain)/Loss  Recognized
(Effective Portion)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Location of (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income
 
2012
 
2013
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
 
Cost of goods sold/Other expense (income)
 
$
209

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
Amount of (Gain)/Loss
Recognized
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Location of (Gain)/Loss Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income
 
2012
 
2013
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivatives
 
Cost of goods sold/Other expense (income)
 
$
63

 
$
(1,782
)
Our foreign currency and commodity derivatives are treated as hedges and are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. With respect to the inputs used to determine the fair value, we use observable, quoted rates that are determined by active markets and, therefore, classify the contracts as “Level 2”.

 

16
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(Unaudited)

Introduction to Part I, Item 2, and Part II, Item 1 and Item 1A
Important Terms. We define various terms to simplify the presentation of information in this Report. These terms, which definitions are incorporated herein by reference, are defined in “Part I – Preliminary Notes – Important Terms” of the Annual Report.
Presentation of Financial, Market and Legal Data. We present our financial information on a consolidated basis.
Unless otherwise noted, when we refer to dollars, we mean U.S. dollars.
Unless otherwise specifically noted, market and market share data in this Report are our own estimates or derived from sources described in “Part I – Preliminary Notes – Presentation of Financial, Market and Legal Data” in the Annual Report, which description is incorporated herein by reference. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Forward Looking Statements and Risks” in this Report and “Forward Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report. We cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this market and market share data and have not independently verified it. None of the sources has consented to the disclosure or use of data in this Report.
Reference is made to the Annual Report for background information on various risks and contingencies and other matters related to circumstances affecting us and our industry.
Neither any statement made in this Report nor any charge taken by us relating to any legal proceedings constitutes an admission as to any wrongdoing.
Forward Looking Statements and Risks. This Report contains forward looking statements. In addition, we or our representatives have made or may make forward looking statements on telephone or conference calls, by webcasts or emails, in person, in presentations or written materials, or otherwise. These include statements about such matters as: expected future or targeted operational and financial performance; growth rates and future production and sales of products that incorporate or that are produced using our products; changes in production capacity in our operations and our competitors' or customers' operations and the utilization rates of that capacity; growth rates for, future prices and sales of, and demand for our products and our customers' products; costs of materials and production, including anticipated increases or decreases therein, our ability to pass on any such increases in our product prices or surcharges thereon, or customer or market demand to reduce our prices due to such decreases; changes in customer order patterns due to changes in economic conditions; productivity, business process and operational initiatives, and their impact on us; our position in markets we serve; financing and refinancing activities; investments and acquisitions that we have made or may make in the future and the performance of the businesses underlying such acquisitions and investments; employment and contributions of key personnel; employee relations and collective bargaining agreements covering many of our operations; tax rates; capital expenditures and their impact on us; nature and timing of restructuring charges and payments; stock repurchase activities; supply chain management; customer and supplier contractual provisions and related opportunities and issues; competitive activities; strategic plans and business projects; regional and global economic and industry market conditions, the timing and magnitude of changes in such conditions and the impact thereof; interest rate management activities; currency rate management activities; deleveraging activities; rationalization, restructuring, realignment, strategic alliance, raw material and supply chain, technology development and collaboration, investment, acquisition, venture, operational, tax, financial and capital projects; legal proceedings, contingencies, and environmental compliance including any regulatory initiatives with respect to greenhouse gas emissions which may be proposed; consulting projects; potential offerings, sales and other actions regarding debt or equity securities of us or our subsidiaries; and costs, working capital, revenues, business opportunities, debt levels, cash flows, cost savings and reductions, margins, earnings and growth. The words “will,” “may,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “target,” “goal,” “continue to,” “positioned to” and similar expressions, or the negatives thereof, identify some of these statements.

Our expectations and targets are not predictors of actual performance and historically our performance has deviated, often significantly, from our expectations and targets. Actual future events and circumstances (including future results and trends) could differ materially, positively or negatively, from those set forth in these statements due to various factors. These factors include:

17
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(Unaudited)

•
the possibility that additions to capacity for producing EAF steel, increases in overall EAF steel production capacity, and increases or other changes in steel production may not occur or may not occur at the rates that we anticipate or may not be as geographically disbursed as we anticipate;
•
the possibility that increases or decreases in graphite electrode manufacturing capacity (including growth by producers in developing countries), competitive pressures (including changes in, and the mix, distribution, and pricing of, their products), reduction in specific consumption rates, increases or decreases in customer inventory levels, or other changes in the graphite electrode markets may occur, which may impact demand for, prices or unit and dollar volume sales of graphite electrodes and growth or profitability of our graphite electrodes business;
•
the possible failure of changes in EAF steel production or graphite electrode production to result in stable or increased, or offset decreases in, graphite electrode demand, prices, or sales volume;
•
the possibility that a determination that we have failed to comply with one or more export controls or trade sanctions to which we are subject with respect to products or technology exported from the United States or other jurisdictions or the denial of export privileges to which our subsidiary, Fiber Materials Inc. (which we acquired in 2011), is subject could result in civil or criminal penalties, including imposition of significant fines, denial of export privileges and loss of revenues from certain customers;
•
the possibility that, for all of our product lines, capital improvement and expansion in our customers' operations and increases in demand for their products may not occur or may not occur at the rates that we anticipate or the demand for their products may decline, which may affect their demand for the products we sell or supply to them;
•
the possibility that continued global consolidation of the world's largest steel producers could impact our business or industry;
•
the possibility that average graphite electrode revenue per metric ton in the future may be different than current spot or market prices due to changes in product mix, changes in currency exchange rates, changes in competitive market conditions or other factors; 
•
the possibility that price increases, adjustments or surcharges may not be realized or that price decreases may occur;
•
the possibility that current challenging economic conditions and economic demand reduction may continue to impact our revenues and costs;
•
the possibility that continuing uncertainty over U.S. fiscal policy may adversely affect global economic activity and demand for our products;
•
the possibility that the current debt crisis in certain European countries could cause the value of the euro to deteriorate, reducing the purchasing power of European customers;
•
the possibility that the European debt crisis could contribute to further instability in global credit markets and reduce demand for our products;
•
the possibility that potential future cuts in defense spending by the United States government as a part of efforts to reduce federal budget deficits could reduce demand for certain of our products and revenue;
•
the possibility that decreases in prices for energy and raw materials may lead to downward pressure on prices for our products and delays in customer orders for our products as customers anticipate possible future lower prices;
•
the possibility that (i) increases in prices for our raw materials (and the magnitude of such increases), (ii) global events that influence energy pricing and availability and (iii) increases in our energy needs, or other developments may adversely impact or offset our productivity and cost containment initiatives;
•
the possibility that current economic disruptions may result in idling or permanent closing of blast furnace capacity or delay of blast furnace capacity additions or replacements which may affect demand and prices for our refractory products;

18
Table of Contents    
PART I (CONT’D)
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(Unaudited)

•
the possibility that economic conditions may cause customers to seek to delay or cancel orders and that we may not be able to correspondingly reduce production costs or delay or cancel raw material purchase commitments;
•
the possibility that economic, political and other risks associated with operating globally, including national and international conflicts, terrorist acts, political and economic instability, civil unrest, and natural or nuclear calamities might interfere with our supply chains, customers or activities in a particular location;
•
the possibility that reductions in customers' production, increases in competitors' capacity, competitive pressures, or other changes in other markets we serve may occur, which may impact demand for, prices of or unit and dollar volume sales of, our other products, or growth or profitability of our other product lines, or change our position in such markets;
•
the possibility that we will not be able to hire and retain key personnel, maintain appropriate relations with unions, associations and employees or to renew or extend our collective bargaining or similar agreements on reasonable terms as they expire or do so without a work stoppage or strike;
•
the possibility that an adverse determination in litigation pending in Brazil involving disputes related to the proper interpretation of certain collectively bargained wage increase provisions applicable to both us and other employers in the Bahia region might result in the filing of claims against our Brazilian subsidiary;
•
the possibility of delays in or failure to achieve successful development and commercialization of new or improved engineered solutions or that such solutions could be subsequently displaced by other products or technologies;
•
the possibility that we will fail to develop new customers or applications for our engineered solutions products;
•
the possibility that our manufacturing capabilities may not be sufficient or that we may experience delays in expanding or fail to expand our manufacturing capacity to meet demand for existing, new or improved products;
•
the possibility that we may propose acquisitions or divestitures in the future, that we may not complete the acquisitions or divestitures, and that investments and acquisitions that we may make in the future may not be successfully integrated into our business or provide the performance or returns expected;
•
the possibility that challenging conditions or changes in the capital markets will limit our ability to obtain financing for growth and other initiatives, on acceptable terms or at all;
•
the possibility that conditions or changes in the global equity markets may have a material impact on our future pension funding obligations and liabilities on our balance sheet;
•
the possibility that the amount or timing of our anticipated capital expenditures may be limited by our financial resources or financing arrangements or that our ability to complete capital projects may not occur timely enough to adapt to changes in market conditions or changes in regulatory requirements;
•
the possibility that the actual outcome of uncertainties associated with assumptions and estimates using judgment when applying critical accounting policies and preparing financial statements may have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position;
•
the possibility that we may be unable to protect our intellectual property or may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, resulting in damages, limitations on our ability to produce or sell products or limitations on our ability to prevent others from using that intellectual property to produce or sell products;
•
the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances or changing interpretations and enforcement agendas relating to legal proceedings or compliance programs;
•
the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances or changing interpretations and enforcement agendas relating to health, safety or environmental compliance or remediation obligations or liabilities to third parties or relating to labor relations;

19
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(Unaudited)

•
the possibility that new or expanded regulatory initiatives with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, if implemented, could have an impact on our facilities, increase the capital intensive nature of our business, and add to our costs of production of our products;
•
the possibility that our provision for income taxes and effective income tax rate or cash tax rate may fluctuate significantly due to (i) changes in applicable tax rates or laws, (ii) changes in the sources of our income, (iii) changes in tax planning, (iv) new or changing interpretations of applicable regulations, (v) changes in profitability, (vi) changes in our estimate of our future ability to use foreign tax credits, and (vi) other factors;
•
the possibility of changes in interest or currency exchange rates, in competitive conditions, or in inflation or deflation;
•
the possibility that our outlook could be significantly impacted by, among other things, changes in United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations in response to the capital markets crisis and its impact on global economic conditions, developments in North Africa, the Middle East, North Korea, and other areas of concern, the occurrence of further terrorist acts and developments (including increases in security, insurance, data back-up, energy and transportation and other costs, transportation delays and continuing or increased economic uncertainty and weakness) resulting from terrorist acts and the war on terrorism;
•
the possibility that our outlook could be significantly impacted by changes in demand as a result of the effect on customers of the volatility in global credit and equity markets;
•
the possibility that interruption in our major raw material, energy or utility supplies due to, among other things, natural or nuclear disasters, process interruptions, actions by producers and capacity limitations, may adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply our products or result in higher costs;
•
the possibility that our key or other raw materials become unavailable and that the magnitude of changes in the cost of key and other raw materials, including petroleum based coke, by reason of shortages, market pricing, pricing terms in applicable supply contracts, or other events may adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply our products or result in higher costs;
•
the possibility of interruptions in production at our facilities due to, among other things, critical equipment failure, which may adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply our products or result in higher costs;
•
the possibility that we may not achieve the earnings or other financial or operational metrics that we provide as guidance from time to time;
•
the possibility that the anticipated benefits from organizational and work process redesign, changes in our information systems, or other system changes, including operating efficiencies, production cost savings and improved operational performance, including leveraging infrastructure for greater productivity and contributions to our continued growth, may be delayed or may not occur or may result in unanticipated disruption;
•
the possibility of security breaches in the Company's information technology systems;
•
the possibility that our disclosure or internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or personnel, that the degree of compliance with our policies and procedures related to those controls may deteriorate or that those controls may not operate effectively and may not prevent or detect misstatements or errors;
•
the amount, prices and timing of purchases, if any, of shares purchased pursuant to our share repurchase program adopted in July 2012;
•
the possibility that severe economic conditions may adversely affect our liquidity or capital resources;
•
the possibility that delays may occur in the financial statement closing process due to a change in our internal control environment or personnel;
•
the possibility of changes in performance that may affect financial covenant compliance or funds available for borrowing; and

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(Unaudited)

•
other risks and uncertainties, including those described elsewhere in this Report or our other SEC filings, as well as future decisions by us.
Occurrence of any of the events or circumstances described above could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or the market price of our common stock.
No assurance can be given that any future transaction about which forward looking statements may be made will be completed or as to the timing or terms of any such transaction.
All subsequent written and oral forward looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as otherwise required to be disclosed in periodic reports required to be filed by public companies with the SEC pursuant to the SEC's rules, we have no duty to update these statements.
For a more complete discussion of these and other factors, see “Risk Factors,” in Part I, Item 1A of our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 

21
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(Unaudited)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Global Economic Conditions and Outlook

2013 Outlook. Based on the International Monetary Fund's April 16th report, the estimate for global GDP growth has been reduced to 3.25 percent in 2013, a reduction from its January estimate of 3.5 percent. Advanced economies are anticipated to expand at a modest growth rate of 1.2 percent in 2013, following a weak start to the year. Recessionary conditions in Europe are forecasted to persist with economic activity projected to contract 0.3 percent in the region in 2013. The anticipated growth rate for emerging markets and developing economies was also reduced to 5.3 percent in 2013.
On April 22, 2013, the World Steel Association (WSA) cited that global steel production, excluding China, declined 3.6 percent in the first quarter of 2013 as compared to the same period in the prior year. On April 11, 2013, the WSA had also reduced its steel demand growth forecast from 3.2 percent to 2.9 percent in 2013, largely driven by a soft first quarter and a weaker outlook in the European Union. Steel customer confidence remains low given the slow start to the year in steel production.
As a result of the above economic and steel data, we are reducing our targeted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and other (income) expense ("EBITDA") range for the full year 2013 by approximately five percent to $165 million to $195 million to reflect weaker than previously anticipated demand for graphite electrodes. Given the challenging operating environment, we are also reducing our targeted capital expenditures to $90 million to $110 million.
In the second quarter of 2013, we are targeting EBITDA to be in the range of $30 million to $40 million. Seasonally stronger volumes, compared to the first quarter, in the Industrial Materials segment and improved profitability of the Engineered Solutions segment are anticipated to be offset by the full flow-through of lower 2013 pricing of graphite electrodes. In the second half of 2013, we expect improved profitability due to increased revenue in both business segments and lower costs in the Industrial Materials segment as the carryover of higher cost needle coke inventory is depleted and graphite electrode operating rates increase.     
In summary, our expectations for 2013 are as follows:
•
EBITDA targeted in the range of $165 million to $195 million (previous guidance was $175 million to $205 million);
•
Overhead expense (selling and administrative, and research and development expenses) of approximately $140 million;
•
Interest expense in the range of $35 million to $40 million;
•
Capital expenditures in the range of $90 million to $110 million (previous guidance was $90 million to $120 million);
•
Depreciation expense in the range of $90 million to $95 million;
•
An effective tax rate in the range of 33 percent to 36 percent; and
•
Cash flow from operations in the range of $150 million to $180 million.

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(Unaudited)


Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 as Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2013.
The tables presented in our period-over-period comparisons summarize our consolidated statements of income and illustrate key financial indicators used to assess the consolidated financial results. Financial information is presented for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013. Throughout our MD&A, changes that are less than 5% or less than $1.0 million, may be deemed not meaningful and are generally excluded from the discussion.

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31,
 
Increase
 
%
(in thousands, except per share data and % change)
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Decrease)
 
Change
Net sales
 
$
240,938

 
$
253,727

 
$
12,789

 
5
 %
Cost of sales
 
174,007

 
205,177

 
31,170

 
18
 %
Gross profit
 
66,931

 
48,550

 
(18,381
)
 
(27
)%
Research and development
 
4,199

 
3,093

 
(1,106
)
 
(26
)%
Selling and administrative expenses
 
38,725

 
29,713

 
(9,012
)
 
(23
)%
Operating income
 
24,007

 
15,744

 
(8,263
)
 
(34
)%
Other expense (income), net
 
(3,423
)
 
550

 
3,973

 
(116
)%
Interest expense
 
4,762

 
9,008

 
4,246

 
89
 %
Interest income
 
(81
)
 
(64
)
 
17

 
(21
)%
Income before provision for income taxes
 
22,749

 
6,250

 
(16,499
)
 
(73
)%
Provision for income taxes
 
5,220

 
2,040

 
(3,180
)
 
(61
)%
Net income
 
$
17,529

 
$
4,210

 
$
(13,319
)
 
(76
)%
Basic income per common share:
 
$
0.12

 
$
0.03

 
$
(0.09
)
 


Diluted income per common share:
 
$
0.12

 
$
0.03

 
$
(0.09
)
 


Net sales, by operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013 were: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase
 
%
(in thousands, except per % change)
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Decrease)
 
Change
Industrial Materials
 
$
192,996

 
$
208,777

 
$
15,781

 
8
 %
Engineered Solutions
 
47,942

 
44,950

 
(2,992
)
 
(6
)%
Total net sales
 
$
240,938

 
$
253,727

 
$
12,789

 
5
 %
An analysis of the components of change in net sales for Industrial Materials and Engineered Solutions is set forth in the following table: 
 
Volume
 
Price/Mix
 
Currency
 
Net
Change
Industrial Materials
18
 %
 
(8
)%
 
(2
)%
 
8
 %
Engineered Solutions
(7
)%
 
1
 %
 
—
 %
 
(6
)%
Net sales. Net sales for our Industrial Materials segment increased by $15.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. This increase was driven by higher graphite electrodes sales volumes, which were partially offset by a decrease in the selling price of electrodes. The weighted average selling price, excluding currency impacts, of electrodes in the three months ended March 31, 2013 decreased approximately 7% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. Partially offsetting the higher graphite electrodes sales were decreases in needle coke volumes and pricing.

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Net sales for our Engineered Solutions segment decreased $3.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased demand for our advanced graphite materials products, which was partially offset by increased volumes for our advanced electronics technologies and advanced composite materials products.
Cost of sales. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we experienced increases in cost of sales of $31.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. In addition to $16.0 million of costs associated with additional volumes, graphite electrodes sold during the three months ended March 31, 2013 carried higher raw material and overhead costs than graphite electrodes sold during the three months ended March 31, 2012. We anticipate that the higher raw material costs and overhead absorption rates will continue to negatively impact our costs in the second quarter, and to a lesser extent, the third quarter of 2013. These additional costs were partially offset by a favorable foreign currency impact of $3.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012.
Research and development. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, research and development expenses decreased $1.1 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. This reduction included lower incentive plan and stock-based compensation expense in the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Selling and administrative expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, selling and administrative expenses decreased $9.0 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012.  This reduction was caused in part, by a decrease in incentive and stock-based compensation expense of $2.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013.  Additionally, a favorable experience related to the collection of delinquent accounts receivable provided a $1.2 million benefit to selling and administrative expense in the three months ended March 31, 2013.  The remainder of the reduction in selling and administrative expense is the direct result of cost control measures established in response to the difficult operating environment expected in 2013.  Offsetting these cost reductions was an increase in severance costs of $0.5 million incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2013. 
Other expense (income), net. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we received a one-time $4.0 million insurance reimbursement for claims made related to flood damages incurred at our Clarksburg, West Virginia facility during 2011.
Interest expense. Interest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2013 increased $4.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the $300 million Senior Notes issued in November 2012. These notes have an interest rate of 6.375%.
Segment operating income. Corporate expenses are allocated to segments based on each segment’s percentage of consolidated sales. The following table represents our operating income by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013: 
 
For the Three Months Ended
  
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Industrial Materials
$
24,925

 
$
16,078

Engineered Solutions
(918
)
 
(334
)
Total segment operating income
$
24,007

 
$
15,744



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The percentage relationship of cost of operations to sales for Industrial Materials and Engineered Solutions is set forth in the following table:
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
(Percentage of sales)
 
2012
 
2013
 
Change
Industrial Materials
87
%
 
92
%
 
5
 %
Engineered Solutions
102
%
 
101
%
 
(1
)%
Segment operating costs and expenses as a percentage of sales for Industrial Materials increased to 92% for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to 87% for the three months ended March 31, 2012. Graphite electrodes sold during the three months ended March 31, 2013 carried higher raw material and overhead costs than graphite electrodes sold during the three months ended March 31, 2012. These cost increases were partially offset by reduced selling and administrative expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012.
 Segment operating costs and expenses as a percentage of sales for Engineered Solutions decreased from 102% for the three months ended March 31, 2012 to 101% for the three months ended March 31, 2013. Our Engineered Solutions segment remained at break-even operating income in the three months ended March 31, 2013, due primarily to start-up costs associated with investments to support further growth.
 Provision for income taxes. The following table summarizes the expense for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013:  
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Tax expense
$
5,220

 
$
2,040

Pretax income
$
22,749

 
$
6,250

Effective tax rates
22.9
%
 
32.6
%
    
The current year effective tax rate differs from the U.S statutory rate of 35% primarily due an enacted tax law change resulting in a favorable discrete item.

 Effects of Changes in Currency Exchange Rates

When the currencies of non-U.S. countries in which we have a manufacturing facility decline (or increase) in value relative to the U.S. dollar, this has the effect of reducing (or increasing) the U.S. dollar equivalent cost of sales and other expenses with respect to those facilities. In certain countries where we have manufacturing facilities, and in certain instances where we price our products for sale in export markets, we sell in currencies other than the dollar. Accordingly, when these currencies increase (or decline) in value relative to the dollar, this has the effect of increasing (or reducing) net sales. The result of these effects is to increase (or decrease) operating profit and net income.
Many of the non-U.S. countries in which we have a manufacturing facility have been subject to significant economic and political changes, which have significantly impacted currency exchange rates. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates in the future or whether those changes will have net positive or negative impacts on our net sales, cost of sales or net income.

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(Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the average exchange rates for the euro, Brazilian real, Mexican peso, South African rand and Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar fluctuated as follows versus the same period of the previous year:
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
 
 
 
Euro
(3.1
)%
 
(0.8
)%
Brazilian real
(5.9
)%
 
(11.9
)%
Mexican peso
(8.9
)%
 
2.0
 %
South African rand
(9.8
)%
 
(15.6
)%
Japanese yen
5.5
 %
 
(13.8
)%
 
 
 
 
For net sales of Industrial Materials, the impact of the changes in the average exchange rates for first quarter of 2013 was a decrease of $3.7 million compared to the same period of 2012. The impact of the exchange rate changes on cost of sales of Industrial Materials for the first quarter of 2013 was a decrease of $3.7 million compared to the same period of 2012. Changes in currency exchange rates had no material impact on net sales or cost of sales for Engineered Solutions for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the same period for 2012.
As part of our cash management, we also have intercompany loans between our subsidiaries. These loans are deemed to be temporary and, as a result, remeasurement gains and losses on these loans are recorded as currency gains / losses in other income (expense), net, on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The remeasurement of intercompany loans and the effect of transaction gains and losses on intercompany activities resulted in a gain of $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to a loss of $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013.
We have in the past and may in the future use various financial instruments to manage certain exposures to specific financial market risks caused by currency exchange rate changes, as described under “Part I, Item 3–Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”.


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(Unaudited)


 Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that we have adequate liquidity to meet all of our present needs. Disruptions in the U.S. and international financial markets, however, could adversely affect our liquidity and the cost and availability of financing to us in the future. As of March 31, 2013 we had cash and cash equivalents of $11.3 million, long-term debt of $551.9 million, short-term debt of $2.1 million and stockholder’s equity of $1,354 million. We also had $461 million of unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving facility (after considering financial covenants restrictions and the outstanding letters of credit of approximately $6.8 million). As a part of our cash management activities, we manage accounts receivable credit risk, collections, and accounts payable vendor terms to maximize our free cash at any given time and minimize accounts receivable losses.
Our sources of funds have consisted principally of cash flow from operations and debt including our Revolving Facility. Our uses of those funds (other than for operations) have consisted principally of capital expenditures, the repurchase of common shares outstanding, cash paid for acquisitions and associated expenses and debt reduction payments and other obligations.
We have a supply chain financing arrangement with a financing party that provides additional working capital liquidity of up to $50 million. Under this arrangement, we essentially assigned our rights to purchase needle coke from a third-party supplier to the financing party. The financing party purchases the product from our supplier under the standard payment terms and then immediately resells it to us under longer payment terms. The financing party pays the supplier the purchase price for the product and then we pay the financing party. Our payment to the financing party for this needle coke includes a mark-up (the “Mark-Up”). The Mark-Up is subject to quarterly reviews. In effect, we have a longer period of time to pay the financing party than by purchasing directly from the supplier which helps us maintain a balanced cash conversion cycle between inventory payments and the collection of receivables. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Mark-Up was based on 2 month LIBOR plus a margin of 2.25%. Under this arrangement we incurred a mark-up of approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013.
In the event that operating cash flow and the financing of needle coke purchases fail to provide sufficient liquidity to meet our business needs, including capital expenditures, any such shortfall would need to be made up by increased borrowings under our Revolving Facility.
We use cash flow from operations, funds from supply chain financing, and funds available under the Revolving Facility (subject to continued compliance with the financial covenants and representations under the Revolving Facility) as well as cash on hand as our primary sources of liquidity. The Revolving Facility is secured, and provides for maximum borrowings of up to $570 million including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $50 million and is subject to certain conditions (including a maximum senior secured leverage ratio test). The Revolving Facility matures in October 2016. As of March 31, 2013, we had outstanding borrowings drawn from the Revolving Facility of $83.0 million and outstanding letters of credit of $6.8 million. On October 29, 2012, we amended the Revolving Facility to permit the issuance and guarantee of the Senior Notes, as well as to permit us to loan the proceeds of the Senior Notes to GrafTech Finance and Luxembourg Holdco so that they can repay amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility, and to permit those entities to repay intercompany loans to us in order to fund payments on the Senior Notes and certain other indebtedness. In addition, we amended the Revolving Facility to permit acquisitions (and related intercompany loans to fund such acquisitions) in the aggregate amount of $400.0 million, in addition to those already permitted by the Revolving Facility and to increase to $400.0 million the amount of debt we may incur under our general debt basket, to the extent we meet certain financial ratios.
The interest rate applicable to the Revolving Facility is, at GrafTech’s option, either LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.25% (depending on our total net leverage ratio and/or senior unsecured rating) or, in the case of dollar denominated loans, the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% (depending upon such ratio or rating). The alternate base rate is the highest of (i) the prime rate announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (ii) the federal fund effective rate plus  1/2 of 1% and (iii) the London interbank offering rate (as adjusted) for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%. The borrowers pay a per annum fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% (depending on such ratio or rating) on the undrawn portion of the commitments under the Revolving Facility.
On April 20, 2012, we amended and restated our Credit Agreement for the sole purpose of reflecting a change in the structure of our European operations and the addition of two new European subsidiaries as parties to the Agreement. The restatement did not otherwise effect any changes to the financial terms or covenants of the Revolving

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(Unaudited)

Facility. As described above, on October 29, 2012, we amended the Credit Agreement to permit the issuance of the Senior Notes, among other things.
As of March 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all financial and other covenants contained in the Revolving Facility, as applicable. These covenants include maintaining a cash minimum interest coverage ratio of at least 3.00 to 1.00 and a maximum senior secured leverage ratio of 2.25 to 1.00, which are measured based on a rolling average of the prior four quarters. Based on expected operating results and expected cash flows, we expect to be in compliance with these covenants through December 31, 2013. If we were to believe that we would not continue to comply with these covenants, we would seek an appropriate waiver or amendment from the lenders thereunder. We cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain such waiver or amendment on acceptable terms or at all.
As of March 31, 2013, approximately 85% of our debt consists of fixed rate or zero interest rate obligations compared to 86% as of December 31, 2012.
Cash Flow and Plans to Manage Liquidity. Our cash flow typically fluctuates significantly between quarters due to various factors. These factors include customer order patterns, fluctuations in working capital requirements, timing of capital expenditures, acquisitions, stock repurchases and other factors.
Certain of our obligations could have a material impact on our liquidity. Cash flow from operations and from financing activities services payment of our obligations, thereby reducing funds available to us for other purposes. As of March 31, 2013 we had $461 million of unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving facility (after considering financial covenants restrictions and the outstanding letters of credit of approximately $6.8 million). We expect to use a substantial portion of that capacity for general purposes including working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, stock repurchases and other purposes. Continued volatility in the global economy may require additional borrowings under our Revolving Facility if our supply chain financing arrangement is terminated. An improving economy, while resulting in improved results of operations, could increase our cash requirements to purchase inventories, make capital expenditures and fund payables and other obligations until increased accounts receivable are converted into cash. A downturn could significantly and negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows, which, coupled with increased borrowings, could negatively impact our credit ratings, our ability to comply with debt covenants, our ability to secure additional financing and the cost of such financing, if available.
Based on expected operating results and expected cash flows, we expect to be in compliance with our existing financial covenants in 2013.
In order to seek to minimize our credit risks, we reduce our sales of, or refuse to sell (except for cash on delivery or under letters of credit) our products to some customers and potential customers. In the current economic environment, our customers may experience liquidity shortages or difficulties in obtaining credit, including letters of credit. Our unrecovered trade receivables worldwide have not been material during the last 3 years individually or in the aggregate. We cannot assure you that we will not be materially adversely affected by accounts receivable losses in the future.
We manage our capital expenditures taking into account quality, plant reliability, safety, environmental and regulatory requirements, prudent or essential maintenance requirements, global economic conditions, available capital resources, liquidity, long-term business strategy and return on invested capital for the relevant expenditures, cost of capital and return on invested capital of the relevant segment and the Company as a whole, and other factors. We focus on growth capital expenditures which exceed our weighted average cost of capital.  We prioritize projects with superior returns, which are often associated with high growth markets.
We had positive cash flow from operating activities during 2010, 2011 and 2012. Although the global economic environment experienced significant swings in these periods, our working capital management and cost-control initiatives allowed us to remain operating cash flow positive in both times of declining and improving operating results.
On July 24, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to ten million shares to replace the completed program. Purchases under the new program may take place from time to time in the open market, or through privately negotiated transactions, as market, industry and economic conditions warrant. No shares have yet been purchased through this new repurchase program. In addition, upon the vesting or payment of stock awards, an employee may elect receipt of the full share amount and either pay the resulting taxes or have shares sold in the open market to cover the tax obligation. We sometimes elect to purchase these shares rather than have them sold in the open market.

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(Unaudited)

Related Party Transactions. Mr. Nathan Milikowsky, a director of GrafTech since 2010, and certain members of his immediate family and certain entities in which he and members of his immediate family have interests, were substantial equity owners of Seadrift and C/G prior to the acquisitions of those entities by the Company. In connection with those acquisitions, Mr. Milikowsky, his immediate family members and those entities received a portion of the aggregate consideration paid to the equity holders of Seadrift and C/G pursuant to the Seadrift Merger Agreement and the C/G Merger Agreement, which comprised of shares of the Company's common stock, cash and Senior Subordinated Notes.
We have not engaged in or been a party to any other material transactions with affiliates or related parties except for transactions with our current or former subsidiaries and compensatory transactions with directors and officers including employee benefits, stock option and restricted stock grants, compensation deferral, and stock purchases).
Cash Flows.
The following is a discussion of our cash flow activities:
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2012
 
2013
 
(Dollars in millions)
Cash flow (used in) provided by:
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
(15.4
)
 
$
18.0

Investing activities
$
(27.7
)
 
$
(11.0
)
Financing activities
$
43.4

 
$
(12.9
)
Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities represents cash receipts and cash disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities. Operating cash flow is derived by adjusting net income for:
•
Non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization; post retirement obligations, severance and pension plan changes; stock-based compensation charges;
•
Gains and losses attributed to investing and financing activities such as gains and losses on the sale of assets and unrealized currency transaction gains and losses;
•
Changes in operating assets and liabilities which reflect timing differences between the receipt and payment of cash associated with transactions and when they are recognized in results of operations.
The net impact of the changes in working capital (operating assets and liabilities), which are discussed in more detail below, include the impact of changes in: receivables, inventories, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, accrued taxes, interest payable, and payments of other current liabilities.
We continue to attempt to maximize our operating cash flows by focusing on working capital items that are most directly affected by changes in sales volume, such as accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable.
During the three months ended March 31, 2012, changes in working capital resulted in a net use of funds of $47.1 million which was impacted by:
•
cash inflows of $72.5 million from the decrease in accounts receivable, which were due primarily to decreased sales for the period;
•
cash outflows for inventories of $100.7 million due to increased volumes on hand resulting from lower sales volumes;
•
net cash outlfows of $14.6 million from a decrease in accounts payable and accruals through normal operations and inventory purchases.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2013, changes in working capital resulted in a net use of funds of $8.9 million which was impacted by:
•
cash inflows of $47.8 million from the decrease in accounts receivable;
•
cash outflows for inventories of $23.8 million primarily due to increased volumes on hand to meet expected increased demand over the balance of the year; and
•
net cash outflows from decreases in accounts payable and accruals of $36.6 million through normal operations.
Other uses of cash in the three months ended March 31, 2013 included contributions to pension and other benefit plans of $2.1 million.
Investing Activities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $27.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012, and included capital expenditures of $31.4 million, which were partially offset by proceeds from derivative instruments of $3.6 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $11.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and included capital expenditures of $13.2 million and proceeds from our derivative instruments of $2.2 million.
 Financing Activities.
Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $43.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and included net borrowings under our Revolving Facility of $53.0 million, offset by net payments under our supply chain financing arrangement of $5.3 million, purchases of treasury shares of $1.2 million and reductions in other short-term debt arrangements of $3.0 million.
Net cash flow used in financing activities was $12.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and included net borrowings under our Revolving Facility of $14 million which were primarily used to fund capital expenditures and fund working capital additions.
Restrictions on Dividends and Stock Repurchases
A description of the restriction on our ability to pay dividends and our ability to repurchase common stock is set forth under “Item 5 – Dividend Policies and Restrictions” in the Annual Report and such description is incorporated herein by reference. Such description contains all of the information required with respect thereto.
Under the Revolving Facility, in general, GTI is permitted to pay dividends and repurchase common stock in an aggregate amount (cumulative from October 2011) up to $75 million (or $500 million, if certain leverage ratio requirements are satisfied) plus, each year, an aggregate amount equal to 50% of the consolidated net income in the prior year.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We discuss recently adopted accounting standards in Note 1, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Description of Our Financing Structure
We discuss our financing structure in more detail in Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Liquidity” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks primarily from changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, energy commodity prices and commercial energy rates. We, from time to time, routinely enter into various transactions that have been authorized according to documented policies and procedures to manage these well-defined risks. These transactions relate primarily to financial instruments described below. Since the counterparties to these financial instruments are large commercial banks and similar financial institutions, we do not believe that we are exposed to material counterparty credit risk. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes.
Our exposure to changes in interest rates results primarily from floating rate long-term debt tied to LIBOR or Euro LIBOR. Our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates results primarily from:
•
sales made by our subsidiaries in currencies other than local currencies;
•
raw material purchases made by our foreign subsidiaries in currencies other than local currencies; and
•
investments in and intercompany loans to our foreign subsidiaries and our share of the earnings of those subsidiaries, to the extent denominated in currencies other than the dollar.
Our exposure to changes in energy commodity prices and commercial energy rates results primarily from the purchase or sale of refined oil products and the purchase of natural gas and electricity for use in our manufacturing operations.
Currency Rate Management. We enter into foreign currency derivatives from time to time to attempt to manage exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. These foreign currency derivatives, which include, but are not limited to, forward exchange contracts and purchased currency options, attempt to hedge global currency exposures. Forward exchange contracts are agreements to exchange different currencies at a specified future date and at a specified rate. Purchased foreign currency options are instruments which give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to exchange different currencies at a specified rate at a specified date or over a range of specified dates. Forward exchange contracts and purchased currency options are carried at market value.
The outstanding foreign currency derivatives as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013 represented a net unrealized loss of $1.3 million and a net unrealized gain of $2.0 million, respectively.
Energy Commodity Management. We periodically enter into commodity derivative contracts and short duration fixed rate purchase contracts to effectively fix some or all of our natural gas and refined oil product exposure. The outstanding contracts as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013 represented a net unrealized loss of $0.3 million and a net unrealized gain of $0.2 million, respectively.
Interest Rate Risk Management. We periodically implement interest rate management initiatives to seek to minimize our interest expense and the risk in our portfolio of fixed and variable interest rate obligations.
We periodically enter into agreements with financial institutions that are intended to limit, or cap, our exposure to incurrence of additional interest expense due to increases in variable interest rates. These instruments effectively cap our interest rate exposure. We currently do not have any such instruments outstanding.
Sensitivity Analysis. We use sensitivity analysis to quantify potential impacts that market rate changes may have on the fair values of our foreign currency derivatives and our commodity derivatives. The sensitivity analysis represents the hypothetical changes in value of the hedge position and does not reflect the related gain or loss on the forecasted underlying transaction. As of March 31, 2013, a 10% appreciation or depreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies from the prevailing market rates would result in a corresponding increase of $10.9 million or a corresponding decrease of $10.0 million, respectively, in the fair value of the foreign currency hedge portfolio. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of the underlying commodity prices that we hedge would result in a corresponding increase or decrease of $2.5 million as of March 31, 2013 in the fair value of the commodity hedge portfolio. Because of the high correlation between the hedging instrument and the underlying exposure, fluctuations in the value of the instruments are generally offset by reciprocal changes in the value of the underlying exposure.
We had no interest rate derivative instruments outstanding as of March 31, 2013. A hypothetical increase in interest rates of 100 basis points (1%) would have increased our interest expense by $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013.


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Table of Contents    
PART I (CONT’D)
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures at the reasonable assurance level. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a reporting company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2013. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2013.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2013 that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.


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Table of Contents
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES


Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required by this Item is set forth in Note 12, “Contingencies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in Part I-Item IA of the Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On July 24, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to ten million shares. Purchases under this program may take place from time to time in the open market, or through privately negotiated transactions, as market, industry and economic conditions warrant. We had not yet made any purchases under this program as of March 31, 2013.
Upon the vesting or payment of stock awards, an employee may elect receipt of the full share amount and either pay the resulting taxes or sell shares in the open market to cover the tax obligation. We sometimes elect to purchase these shares rather than allow them to be sold in the open market. These repurchases are in addition to the programs authorized by our Board of Directors described above.
Period
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased*
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
January 1 through January 31, 2013
2,062

 
$
9.84

 
—

 
10,000,000

February 1 through
February 28, 2013
12,160

 
9.63

 
—

 
10,000,000

March 1 through March 31, 2013
70,593

 
7.61

 
—

 
10,000,000


* Including purchases of vested restricted stock shares from employees as payment for the withholding taxes due upon the vesting or payment of stock awards.
 
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
 
Item 5. Other Information.

Not Applicable.




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Table of Contents
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the following table have been filed as part of this Report.
 
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
 
 
31.1
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act by Craig S. Shular, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer).
 
 
31.2
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act by Lindon G. Robertson, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer).
 
 
32.1
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Craig S. Shular, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer).
 
 
32.2
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Lindon G. Robertson, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer).
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


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Table of Contents

SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD.
Date:
April 25, 2013
By:
/s/ Lindon G. Robertson
 
 
 
Lindon G. Robertson
 
 
 
Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer (Principal Financial Officer)


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