UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 6-K
 
REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the month of March 2015

Commission File Number: 001-02413

 Canadian National Railway Company
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

935 de la Gauchetiere Street West
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H3B 2M9
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F
   
Form 40-F
X

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):

Yes
   
No
X

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):

Yes
   
No
X

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the Registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Yes
   
No
X

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): N/A




 
 

 
SIGNATURES

 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 

 
   
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 
Date:
March 24, 2015
 
By:
 /s/ Sean Finn
       
Name:
Sean Finn
       
Title:
Executive Vice-President Corporate Services
and Chief Legal Officer

 
 

 
 
CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY COMPANY
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 

 
Items
Description
   
1     
Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders
 
2     
Management Proxy Circular
 
3     
Form of Proxy
 
4     
Annual Report
 

 
 

 
 
 
Item 1
 
 

 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL 
MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
 
Our annual meeting of holders of common shares will be held at
 
The Peabody Memphis
Venetian Room
149 Union Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
 
on Tuesday, ApriI 21, 2015, at 8:30 a.m.
(CentraI DayIight Time) for the purposes of:
 
 
1.
receiving the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, and the auditors' reports thereon;
 
2.
electing the directors;
 
3.
appointing the auditors;
 
4.
considering and approving, in an advisory, non-binding capacity, a resolution (the full text of which is set out on page 9 of the accompanying management information circular) accepting the Company's approach to executive compensation as disclosed in the Statement of Executive Compensation section of the accompanying management information circular; and
 
5.
transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
 
The directors have fixed March 5, 2015, as the Record Date for the determination of the holders of common shares entitled to receive notice of the meeting and vote at the meeting.
 
 
By order of the Board of Directors
 


 
 
(Signed) Sean Finn
Sean Finn
Executive Vice-President
Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer 
and Corporate Secretary
 
March 10, 2015 
Montréal, Quebec
 
 
 
 

 
Item 2
 
     
     
     
 
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
CIRCULAR
 
 
AND NOTICE OF ANNUAL
MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
  APRIL 21, 2015  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL
MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

Our annual meeting of holders of common shares will be held at

The Peabody Memphis
Venetian Room
149 Union Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.

on Tuesday, April 21, 2015, at 8:30 a.m.
(Central Daylight Time) for the purposes of:


1.
receiving the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, and the auditors’ reports thereon;

2.
electing the directors;

3.
appointing the auditors;

4.
considering and approving, in an advisory, non-binding capacity, a resolution (the full text of which is set out on page 9 of the accompanying management information circular) accepting the Company’s approach to executive compensation as disclosed in the Statement of Executive Compensation section of the accompanying management information circular; and
 
5.
transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
 
The directors have fixed March 5, 2015, as the Record Date for the determination of the holders of common shares entitled to receive notice of the meeting and vote at the meeting.
 
 
By order of the Board of Directors

 
(Signed) Sean Finn
 
Sean Finn
Executive Vice-President
Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer
and Corporate Secretary

March 10, 2015
Montréal, Quebec

 
 
 

 
 


March 10, 2015


Dear Shareholder:

On behalf of the Board of Directors and management of Canadian National Railway Company (the “Company”), we cordially invite you to attend the annual meeting of shareholders that will be held this year at The Peabody Memphis hotel, Venetian Room, 149 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee (United States) on Tuesday, April 21, 2015, at 8:30 a.m. (Central Daylight Time).

This management information circular (the “Information Circular”) describes the business to be conducted at the meeting and provides information on executive compensation and CN’s governance practices. In addition to these items, we will discuss at the meeting highlights of our 2014 performance and our plans for the future. You will have the opportunity to meet and interact with your directors and the senior officers of the Company.

Your participation in the affairs of the Company is important to us. If you are unable to attend in person, we encourage you to complete and return the enclosed proxy form or voting instruction form in the envelope provided for this purpose so that your views can be represented. Also, it is possible for you to vote over the internet by following the instructions on the enclosed forms. Even if you plan to attend the meeting, you may find it convenient to express your views in advance by completing and returning the proxy form or voting instruction form or by voting over the internet.

If your shares are not registered in your name but are held in the name of a nominee, you may wish to consult the information on page 6 of the Information Circular with respect to how to vote your shares.

In addition, we would like to recognize Messrs. Charles Baillie and Edward Lumley, who are not standing for re-election and will retire from the Board of Directors at our annual meeting on April 21, 2015. We want to thank them for their dedication, wisdom and leadership throughout their outstanding tenure on the CN Board of Directors.

A live webcast of the meeting will be available on the Company’s website at www.cn.ca.

We look forward to seeing you at the meeting.

Sincerely,
 
 
(Signed) Robert Pace (Signed) Claude Mongeau
Robert Pace
Chair of the Board
Claude Mongeau
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 1
 
 

 
PROXY SUMMARY
 
The following summary highlights some of the important information you will find in this Information Circular. We recommend you to read the entire Information Circular before voting.


SHAREHOLDER VOTING MATTERS

 
BOARD VOTE
FOR MORE INFORMATION
VOTING MATTERS
RECOMMENDATION
SEE PAGES
Election of 11 Directors
FOR each nominee
8, 10
Appointment of KPMG LLP as Auditors
FOR
  8
Advisory Resolution on Executive Compensation
FOR
9, 34



OUR DIRECTOR NOMINEES
 
NAME
AGE
DIRECTOR SINCE
POSITION
INDEPENDENT
COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP
ATTENDANCE IN 2014
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS
D.J. Carty
68
2011
Corporate Director
Yes
Audit (Chair) – Governance – Environment – Compensation – Strategic
100%
3
G.D. Giffin
65
2001
Senior Partner, McKenna Long & Aldridge
Yes
Audit – Donations – Compensation (Chair) – Investment – Strategic
100%
5
E.E. Holiday
63
2001
Corporate Director and Trustee
Yes
Governance – Finance – Compensation – Investment – Strategic
100%
4
V.M. Kempston Darkes
66
1995
Corporate Director
Yes
Governance – Environment (Chair) – Finance – Compensation – Strategic
100%
4
D. Losier
62
1994
Corporate Director
Yes
Audit – Governance (Chair) – Compensation – Investment – Strategic
100%
2
K.G. Lynch
64
2014
Vice-Chair, BMO Financial Group
Yes
Governance – Environment – Finance – Compensation – Strategic
100%
2
C. Mongeau
53
2009
President and CEO, CN
No
Donations (Chair) – Strategic
100%
1
J.E. O’Connor
65
2011
Corporate Director
Yes
Audit – Environment – Finance – Compensation – Strategic (Chair)
100%
1
R. Pace
60
1994
Chair of the Board, CN President and CEO, The Pace Group
Yes
Governance – Donations – Environment – Compensation – Strategic
100%
1
R.L. Phillips
64
2014
President, R.L. Phillips Investments Inc.
Yes
Audit – Governance – Environment – Compensation – Strategic
100%
4
L. Stein
53
2014
Executive Vice-President – General Counsel, The Clorox Company
Yes
Audit – Environment – Finance – Compensation – Strategic
100%
1
 
 
2 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Disciplined Approach to Compensation

CN’s approach to executive compensation is driven by a commitment to deliver sustainable and solid returns to shareholders. CN exercises a disciplined approach to executive compensation by ensuring that target compensation, while reasonable, supports attraction and retention of executive talent. In addition, compensation programs are structured to provide leverage within its short and long-term incentive plans, with strong ties between realized pay and shareholder returns. Compensation programs are designed to encourage appropriate behaviours and include appropriate risk mitigation mechanisms. The executive compensation policy aims to position total direct compensation between the median and the 60th percentile of the executives’ respective comparator group. On a constant currency and Long-Term Incentive valuation basis, the year-over-year total compensation decreased by 2.8% for the President and CEO and 4.8% on average for the other Named Executive Officers in 2014.
 
BEST PRACTICES ADOPTED BY CN

~ 80% of Named Executive Officers’ target total direct compensation is variable and linked to CN’s performance

Incentive payout capped and no guaranteed minimum payout

Inclusion of a relative total shareholder return condition in 2015

Stringent stock ownership requirements

CEO post-retirement shareholding requirement

Overlap of performance measures for short and long-term incentives to mitigate risk

Double trigger change of control policy

Anti-hedging policy on CN securities

Executive clawback policy

No employment contracts for NEOs

Independent executive compensation consultant retained by the Compensation Committee

Annual “Say on Pay” vote


HIGHLIGHTS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE BEST PRACTICES

CN is committed to adhering to the highest standards of corporate governance and our corporate governance practices were designed in a manner consistent with this objective. Some of our best practices are highlighted in the following table.

Size of Board
11
Number of Independent Director Nominees
10
Annual Election of Directors (no staggered term)
Yes
Directors Elected Individually (no slate voting)
Yes
Majority Voting for Directors
Yes
Separate CEO & Chair Positions
Yes
Common Directorships Guidelines (Board Interlocks)
Yes
Board Tenure and Term Limit Guidelines for Board Chair and Committee Chairs
Yes
Stock Ownership Guidelines for Directors and Executives
Yes
Ownership Requirement for Directors and CEO Beyond Board Tenure
Yes
Director Orientation and Continuing Education
Yes
Diversity Policy for Directors
Yes
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Program
Yes
Annual Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation
Yes
Formal Board Performance Assessment
Yes



VOTE YOUR SHARES

Voting by proxy is the easiest way to vote your shares. Please refer to your proxy form or voting instruction form included in this package or to the “Questions & Answers” section on page 5 of this Information Circular for more information on the voting methods available to you.



 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 3
 
 

 
 

INFORMATION CIRCULAR

This Information Circular is provided in connection with the solicitation of proxies by management of Canadian National Railway Company for use at the annual meeting of its shareholders or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Meeting”). In this document “you” and “your” refer to the shareholders of, and “CN”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Canadian National Railway Company. The Meeting will be held on Tuesday, April 21, 2015, at 8:30 a.m. (Central Daylight Time) for the purposes set forth in the foregoing Notice of Meeting. The information contained herein is given as at February 27, 2015, except as indicated otherwise.

IMPORTANT — If you are not able to attend the Meeting, please exercise your right to vote by signing the enclosed form of proxy or voting instruction form and, in the case of registered shareholders by returning it to Computershare Trust Company of Canada in the enclosed envelope, or by voting over the internet no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on April 20, 2015, or, if the Meeting is adjourned or postponed, by no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on the business day prior to the day fixed for the adjourned or postponed meeting. If you are a non-registered shareholder, reference is made to the section entitled “How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?” on page 6 of this Information Circular. If you are a holder of Employee Shares (as such term is defined in this Information Circular), reference is made to the section entitled ”How do I vote if I own Employee Shares” on page 7 of this Information Circular.
 
WHAT’S INSIDE
     
         
 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
     
         
1
LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS
  34 STATEMENT OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
      34 Letter to Shareholders
2
PROXY SUMMARY
  36 Human Resources and Compensation Committee
         
5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS   39
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
      39
Executive Summary
8
BUSINESS OF THE MEETING
  56
2014 Highlights
8
Financial Statements
  56
Summary Compensation Table
8
Election of Directors
  60
Incentive Plan Awards
8
Appointment of Auditors
  64
Employment Arrangements
9
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation
  65
Pension Plan Benefits
         
10
NOMINEES FOR ELECTION TO THE BOARD
  67
Termination and Change of Control Benefits
10
Description of Nominees
  68
Currency Exchange Information
15
Additional Disclosure Relating to Directors
     
      69
OTHER INFORMATION
16
BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
     
16
Comparator Groups
  69
Securities Authorized For Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
16
Changes to Compensation
  69
Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers
17
Compensation Levels
  69
Interest of Informed Persons and Others in Material Transactions
17
Compensation Table
  69
Shareholder Proposals
18
Share Ownership
  69
Availability of Documents
19
Share Ownership Table
     
19
Directors’ Deferred Share Unit Plan
  70
SCHEDULE “A” – MANDATE OF THE BOARD
         
20
STATEMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
  72
SCHEDULE “B” – REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEES
20
General
  72
Report of the Audit Committee
20
Code of Business Conduct
  73
Report of the Finance Committee
21
Independence of Directors
  74
Report of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
21
Independent Chair of the Board
  75
Report of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee
21
Position Descriptions
  76
Report of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee
21
Committees of the Board
  76
Report of the Strategic Planning Committee
23
Risk Management Oversight
  77
Report of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds
23
Board and Committee Meetings
  77
Report of the Donations and Sponsorships Committee
24
Board and Committee Attendance
     
25
Director Selection
     
29
Board Performance Assessment
     
29
Director Orientation and Continuing Education
     
31
Stakeholder Engagement
     
32
Audit Committee Disclosure
     
 
 
4 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 
 

 

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


VOTING AND PROXIES

The following questions and answers provide guidance on how to vote your shares.

Who can vote?
Shareholders who are registered as at the close of business on March 5, 2015 (the “Record Date”), will be entitled to vote at the Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof, either in person or by proxy.

As of the close of business on February 27, 2015, the Company had 807,040,436 common shares without par value outstanding. Subject to the voting restrictions described below, each common share carries the right to one vote.

To the knowledge of the directors and senior officers of the Company, based on the most recent publicly available information, the only person who beneficially owns, or directly or indirectly, exercises control or direction over, shares carrying 10% or more of the voting rights attached to any class of shares of the Company is Mr. William H. Gates, III. Mr. Gates is the sole member of Cascade Investment, L.L.C. (“Cascade”). Cascade held 86,324,874 common shares of the Company as of February 27, 2015, representing 10.7% of the outstanding common shares of the Company. In addition, Mr. Gates is a co-trustee of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which held 17,126,874 common shares of the Company as of February 27, 2015, representing 2.1% of the outstanding common shares of the Company. Hence, as of February 27, 2015, Mr. Gates is deemed to have control or direction over 103,451,748 common shares, representing 12.8% of the outstanding common shares of the Company.

What will I be voting on?
Shareholders will be voting (i) to elect directors of the Company, (ii) to appoint KPMG LLP as auditors of the Company, and (iii) in an advisory, non-binding capacity, on the approach to executive compensation disclosed in the “Statement of Executive Compensation” section of this Information Circular. Our Board of Directors and our management are recommending that shareholders vote FOR items (i), (ii) and (iii).

How will these matters be decided at the Meeting?
A simple majority of the votes cast, in person or by proxy, will constitute approval of these matters.

Who is soliciting my proxy?
Management of the Company is soliciting your proxy. The solicitation is being made primarily by mail, but our directors, officers or employees may also solicit proxies at a nominal cost to the Company. The Company has retained and will pay for the services of D.F. King Canada, a division of CST Investor Services Inc. (“D.F. King”), for the solicitation of proxies in Canada and the United States, at an aggregate cost estimated to be approximately C$30,000 plus additional costs relating to out-of-pocket expenses.

Who can I call with questions?
If you have questions about the information contained in this Information Circular or require assistance in completing your form of proxy, please call D.F. King, the Company’s proxy solicitation agent, toll-free in North America at 1-800-239-6813 or at 1-201-806-7301 outside of North America; or by e-mail at inquiries@dfking.com.
 
How can I contact the transfer agent?
You can contact the transfer agent either by mail at Computershare Trust Company of Canada, 100 University Ave., 8th Floor, Toronto (Ontario) M5J 2Y1, by telephone at 1-800-564-6253, by fax at 1-888-453-0330 or by internet at www.investorcentre.com/service, or in French: www.centredesinvestisseurs.com/service.

How do I vote?
If you are eligible to vote and your common shares are registered in your name, you can vote your common shares in person at the Meeting or by proxy, as explained below. If your common shares are held in the name of a nominee, please see the instructions below under “How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?”

What are the voting restrictions?
Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that no person, together with his or her associates, shall hold, beneficially own or control, directly or indirectly, voting shares to which are attached more than 15% in the aggregate of the votes attached to all our voting shares that may ordinarily be cast to elect directors of the Company. In addition, where the total number of voting shares held, beneficially owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any one person together with his or her associates exceeds such 15% maximum, no person shall, in person or by proxy, exercise the voting rights attached to the voting shares held, beneficially owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or his or her associates.

How do I vote if I am a registered shareholder?
 
1.
VOTING BY PROXY
You are a registered shareholder if your name appears on your share certificate or Direct Registration System (DRS). If this is the case, you may appoint someone else to vote for you as your proxy holder by using the enclosed form of proxy. The persons currently named as proxies in such form of proxy are the Board Chair and the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. However, you have the right to appoint any other person or company (who need not be a shareholder) to attend and act on your behalf at the Meeting. That right may be exercised by writing the name of such person or company in the blank space provided in the form of proxy or by completing another proper form of proxy. Make sure that the person you appoint is aware that he or she is appointed and that this person attends the Meeting.

 
How can I send my form of proxy?
You can either return a duly completed and executed form of proxy to the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common shares, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, in the envelope provided, or you can vote by phone or over the internet by following the instructions on the form of proxy.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 5
 
 

 
 

What is the deadline for receiving the form of proxy?
The deadline for receiving duly completed forms of proxy or a vote over the internet is 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on April 20, 2015, or if the Meeting is adjourned or postponed, by no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on the business day prior to the day fixed for the adjourned or postponed meeting.

How will my common shares be voted if I give my proxy?
Your common shares will be voted or withheld from voting in accordance with your instructions indicated on the proxy. If no instructions are indicated, your common shares represented by proxies in favour of the Board Chair or the President and Chief Executive Officer will be voted as follows:

FOR the election of management’s nominees as directors,
 
FOR the appointment of KPMG LLP as auditors,
 
FOR, in an advisory, non-binding capacity, the approach to executive compensation disclosed in the Statement of Executive Compensation section of this Information Circular,
 
and at the discretion of the proxy holder in respect of amendments to any of the foregoing matters or on such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting. Should any nominee named herein for election as a director become unable to accept nomination for election, it is intended that the person acting under proxy in favour of management will vote for the election in his or her stead of such other person as management of the Company may recommend. Management has no reason to believe that any of the nominees for election as directors will be unable to serve if elected to office and management is not aware of any amendment or other business likely to be brought before the Meeting.

If I change my mind, how can I revoke my proxy?
You may revoke your proxy at any time by an instrument in writing (which includes another form of proxy with a later date) executed by you, or by your attorney (duly authorized in writing), and (i) deposited with the Corporate Secretary of the Company at the registered office of the Company (935 de La Gauchetière Street West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3B 2M9) at any time up to and including 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or (ii) filed with the chair of the Meeting on the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or in any other manner permitted by law or in the case of a vote over the internet, by way of a subsequent internet vote.
 
2.
VOTING IN PERSON
If you wish to vote in person, you may present yourself to a representative­ of Computershare Trust Company of Canada at the registration table, the day of the Meeting. Your vote will be taken and counted at the Meeting. If you wish to vote in person at the Meeting, do not complete or return the form of proxy.

How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?
If your common shares are not registered in your name and are held in the name of a nominee such as a trustee, financial institution or securities broker, you are a “non-registered shareholder”. If your common shares are listed in an account statement provided to you by your broker, those common shares will, in all likelihood, not be registered in your name. Such common shares will more likely be registered under the name of your broker or an agent of that broker. Without specific instructions, brokers and their agents or nominees are prohibited from voting shares for the broker’s client. If you are a non-registered shareholder, there are two ways you can vote your common shares, as listed below:

1.
GIVING YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS
Applicable securities laws require your nominee to seek voting instructions from you in advance of the Meeting. Accordingly, you will receive or have already received from your nominee a voting instruction form for the number of common shares you hold. Every nominee has its own mailing procedures and provides its own signature and return instructions, which should be carefully followed by non-registered shareholders to ensure that their common shares are voted at the Meeting.

2.
VOTING IN PERSON
However, if you wish to vote in person at the Meeting, insert your own name in the space provided on the voting instruction form provided by your nominee to appoint yourself as proxy holder and follow the signature and return instructions of your nominee. Computershare Trust Company of Canada must receive your appointment no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on April 20, 2015. Non-registered shareholders who appoint themselves as proxy holders should present themselves at the Meeting to a representative of Computershare Trust Company of Canada. Do not otherwise complete the voting instruction form sent to you as you will be voting at the Meeting.

Non-registered shareholders are either “objecting beneficial owners” or “OBOs” who object that intermediaries disclose information about their ownership in the Company, or “non-objecting beneficial owners” or “NOBOs”, who do not object to such disclosure. The Company pays intermediaries to send proxy-related materials to OBOs and NOBOs.
 
6 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 
 

 
 
How do I vote if I own Employee Shares?
Common shares purchased by employees of the Company under its Canadian and U.S. Employee Share Investment Plans and its Union and Management Savings Plans for U.S. Operations (the “Plans”), are known as “Employee Shares”. Employee Shares remain registered in the name of the Plans’ Custodian (the “Custodian”), unless the employees have withdrawn their common shares from the Plans in accordance with their provisions.

Voting rights attached to the Employee Shares that are registered in the name of the Custodian can be exercised by employees, or their attorneys authorized in writing, by indicating on the enclosed voting instruction form the necessary directions to the Custodian or any other person or company (who need not be a shareholder) as to how they wish their Employee Shares to be voted at the Meeting. Beneficial owners of Employee Shares may also give such voting instructions by telephone or over the internet. The Employee Shares will be voted pursuant to the directions of the beneficial owner. If no choice is specified for an item, the Employee Shares will be voted in accordance with management’s recommendations mentioned above and at the discretion of the Custodian or such other person indicated, in respect of amendments to the items mentioned on the enclosed voting instruction form or on such other business as may properly be brought before the Meeting. Only Employee Shares in respect of which a voting instruction form has been signed and returned (or in respect of which the employee has given voting instructions by telephone or over the internet) will be voted. If you wish to vote Employee Shares in person at the Meeting, refer to paragraph 2 of the section entitled “How do I vote if I am a non-registered shareholder?”

A holder of Employee Shares may revoke his or her directions, as indicated on a voting instruction form, at any time by an instrument in writing executed by the holder of Employee Shares, or by the holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, provided such written instrument indicating the holder’s intention to revoke is (i) deposited with the Corporate Secretary of CN at the registered office of CN at any time up to and including 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or (ii) filed with the chair of the Meeting on the day of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, or in any other manner permitted by law, or in the case of directions given by telephone or over the internet, by way of subsequent telephone or internet directions.

The voting instruction form must be used only with respect to Employee Shares. In the event that an employee holds common shares outside the Plans, he or she must also complete the enclosed form of proxy with respect to such additional common shares. No form of proxy is to be completed with respect to Employee Shares.
 
 

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 7
 
 

 

BUSINESS OF THE MEETING


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, together with the auditors’ reports thereon, are included in the 2014 Annual Report of the Company, available on our website at www.cn.ca, on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, in the Company’s annual report on Form 40-F available on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, and in print, free of charge, to any shareholder who requests copies by contacting our Corporate Secretary at (514) 399-7091 or Investor Relations at (514) 399-0052.


ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that our Board of Directors shall consist of a minimum of seven and a maximum of 21 directors (hereinafter the “Board” or “Board of Directors”). Pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, 11 persons are to be elected as directors for the current year, each to hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until such person’s successor is elected or appointed.

The term of office of each of the present directors expires at the close of the Meeting. The persons named in the section entitled “Nominees for Election to the Board — Description of Nominees” will be presented for election at the Meeting as management’s nominees. All of the nominees proposed for election as directors are currently directors of the Company. Mr. A. Charles Baillie and the Hon. Edward C. Lumley are not standing for re-election at the Meeting. All persons nominated were recommended to the Board of Directors by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Information relating to Messrs. Baillie and Lumley does not appear along with the information regarding the 11 proposed nominees for election as directors of the Company. Nevertheless, because Messrs. Baillie and Lumley acted as directors up to the Meeting, information concerning them appears in the other sections of this Information Circular that pertain to the members of the Board.

Unless authority is withheld, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form intend to vote FOR the election of the persons named in the section entitled “Nominees for Election to the Board — Description of Nominees”. These nominees are, in the opinion of the Board of Directors and management, well qualified to act as directors of the Company for the ensuing year and have confirmed their willingness to serve as directors. The Board of Directors and management do not contemplate that any of these nominees will be unable to serve as a director, but should that occur for any reason before the Meeting, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form reserve the right to vote for another nominee at their discretion unless the shareholder who has given such proxy or voting instruction form has directed that the common shares be withheld from voting on the election of any of the directors.
 
MAJORITY VOTING POLICY
The Board of Directors has adopted a policy which is part of our Corporate Governance Manual, to the effect that a nominee for election as a director of the Company who receives a greater number of votes “withheld” than votes “for”, with respect to the election of directors by shareholders, will be expected to offer to tender his or her resignation to the Board Chair promptly following the meeting of shareholders at which the director is elected. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider such offer and make a recommendation to the Board of Directors whether to accept it or not. The Board of Directors will make its decision and announce it in a press release within 90 days following the meeting of shareholders. The director who offered to tender his or her resignation should not be part of any committee or Board of Directors deliberations pertaining to the resignation offer. This policy only applies in circumstances involving an uncontested election of directors. An “uncontested election of directors” means that the number of director nominees is the same as the number of directors to be elected to the Board and that no proxy material is circulated in support of one or more nominees who are not part of the candidates supported by the Board of Directors.

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS

The Board of Directors and the Audit Committee recommend that KPMG LLP be appointed to serve as our auditors until the next annual meeting of shareholders.

KPMG LLP has served as the Company’s auditors since 1992. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the fees for audit, audit-related, tax and all other services provided to the Company by KPMG LLP were the following:

   
2014 
   
2013 
 
FEES (IN THOUSANDS)
    ($C)       ($C)  
Audit
    2,728       2,608  
Audit-related
    1,162       1,249  
Tax
    746       834  
All other
    92       131  
TOTAL FEES
    4,728       4,822  

Pursuant to the terms of its charter, the Audit Committee approves all audit and audit-related services, audit engagement fees and terms and all non-audit engagements provided by the external auditors. The Audit Committee pre-approved all the services performed by our external auditors for audit-related and non-audit related services for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
 
8 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
The nature of the services under each category is described below.

AUDIT FEES
Consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered by the auditors in relation to the audit of the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements and those of its subsidiaries, and the audit relating to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

AUDIT-RELATED FEES
Audit-related fees were incurred for professional services rendered by the auditors in relation to the audit of the financial statements for the Company’s pension plans, and for attestation services in connection with reports required by statute or regulation and due diligence and other services, including comfort letters, in connection with the issuance of securities.

TAX FEES
Consist of fees incurred for consultations on cross-border tax implications for employees and tax compliance.

ALL OTHER FEES
Consist primarily of fees incurred for services related to a foreign subsidiary (2014) and Information Technology (2013).

Unless authority is withheld, the persons designated in the accompanying form of proxy or voting instruction form intend to vote FOR the appointment of KPMG LLP as auditors of the Company to hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders.
 

ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The Company is again providing its shareholders with an opportunity to cast at the Meeting an advisory vote on the Company’s approach to executive compensation, as disclosed in the “Statement of Executive Compensation” section of this Information Circular. Such section describes the role of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee in overseeing compensation of executives and ensuring that it is linked to the Company’s three-year business plan. The section also describes the Company’s executive compensation principles, the structure of the compensation plans for executives, and the alignment of such plans with the interests of our shareholders.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the resolution set out below and, unless otherwise instructed, the persons designated in the form of proxy intend to vote FOR the following resolution:

“RESOLVED that, on an advisory basis and not to diminish the role and responsibilities of the Board of Directors, the shareholders accept the approach to executive compensation disclosed in the section entitled “Statement of Executive Compensation” of the Information Circular of the Company dated March 10, 2015.”

The Board of Directors has adopted a policy to the effect that, if a majority of the shares represented in person or by proxy at the meeting are voted against the above non-binding advisory resolution, the Board Chair or the Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee will oversee a process to engage with shareholders with a view to giving them the opportunity to express their specific concerns. The Board of Directors and the Human Resources and Compensation Committee will consider the results of this process and, if appropriate, review the Company’s approach to executive compensation in the context of shareholders’ specific concerns.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 9
 
 

 

NOMINEES FOR ELECTION TO THE BOARD
 

DESCRIPTION OF NOMINEES

The following tables set out information as of February 27, 2015, unless otherwise indicated, and include a profile of each nominated director with an explanation of his or her experience, qualifications, top three competencies, participation on the Board and its committees, ownership of securities of CN, as well as participation on the boards of other public companies during the past five years. A more detailed description of our directors’ competencies can be found under the heading “Competency Matrix” in the section entitled “Statement of Corporate Governance Practices”. All nominees are current directors of the Company.
 
Donald J. Carty,
Mr. Carty retired as Vice-Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Dell, Inc. (computer manufacturer) a position he assumed from January 2007 until June 2008 and as Chairman and CEO of AMR Corporation and American Airlines in 2003, after 30 years in the airline business, where he previously served as President and Executive Vice-President of Finance & Planning of AMR Airline Group and American Airlines. He was President and CEO of CP Air from 1985 to 1987.
 
In the voluntary sector, Mr. Carty is on the Executive Board of the SMU Cox School of Business. He is a former Chairman of Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. In 1999, Board Alert named Mr. Carty one of the year’s Outstanding Directors. He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2003.
 
In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Mr. Carty serves as Chairman of the boards of Porter Airlines, Inc. and Research Now Group, Inc.
 
Mr. Carty holds a B.A. and an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Queen’s University and a MBA from Harvard Business School.
O.C., LL.D.
Corporate Director
Age: 68 (1)
Texas, U.S.A.
Director Since:
January 1, 2011
Independent
 
 
 
Principal Competencies
•  Strategy
•  Finance/Accounting
•  Human Resources
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
EMC Corporation
(2015-present)
Audit Committee (Chair)
100%
   
Talisman Energy Inc.
(2009-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
   
Virgin America Inc. (Chairman)
(2006-present)
Environment, Safety and Security Committee 100%    
Gluskin, Sheff & Associates Inc.
(2006-2013)
Finance Committee
100%
   
Barrick Gold Corporation
(2006-2013)
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
   
Dell, Inc.
(1992-2013)
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5) 100%    
Hawaiian Holdings, Inc.
(2004-2011)
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.49%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$4,898,621(3)
COMMON SHARES OWNED OR CONTROLLED (2)
February 2015
56,667
February 2014
38,785

Ambassador
Mr. Giffin is Senior Partner and the Chair of the Public Policy and International department at McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP, where he maintains offices in Washington, D.C. and Atlanta. He has been engaged in the practice of law or government service for more than thirty-five years. Mr. Giffin was United States Ambassador to Canada from 1997 to 2001.

Mr. Giffin is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Jimmy Carter Presidential Center and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Tri-Lateral Commission.

In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Mr. Giffin serves on the Board of Counsellors of McLarty Global.

Mr. Giffin holds a B.A. from Duke University and a J.D. from Emory University School of Law.
Gordon D. Giffin
Senior Partner,
McKenna Long
& Aldridge
Age: 65 (1)
Georgia, U.S.A.
Director Since:
May 1, 2001
Independent
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Public Policy
 
•  Legal
 
•  Human Resources
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
Element Financial Corporation
(2013-present)
Human Resources and Compensation Committee (Chair)
100%
   
Just Energy Group Inc.
(2006-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
Canadian Natural Resources Limited
(2002-present)
Donations and Sponsorships Committee (5)
100%    
TransAlta Corporation (Chair)
(2002-present)
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
   
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
(2001-present)
Finance Committee
100%
   
 
 
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
97.16%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$7,543,688 (3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
87,265
February 2014
83,682
  
 
10 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
 
Edith E. Holiday
Ms. Holiday is a Corporate Director and Trustee and a former General Counsel, United States Treasury Department and former Secretary of the Cabinet, The White House.

Ms. Holiday serves on the public boards mentioned in the following table.

She was also the recipient of the Direct Women’s 2009 Sandra Day O’Connor Board Excellence Award, which honours women who have served with distinction on the board of a public company and advanced the value of diversity in the workplace. She is also the recipient of the Secretary of the Treasury’s highest award, the Alexander Hamilton Award.

Ms. Holiday holds a B.S. and a J.D. from the University of Florida, and she was admitted to the bars of the states of Florida, Georgia and the District of Columbia.
Corporate Director
& Trustee
Age: 63 (1)
Florida, U.S.A.
Director Since:
June 1, 2001
Independent
 
 
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Legal
 
•  Public Policy
 
•  Strategy
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
White Mountains Insurance Group, Ltd.
(2004-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
   
RTI International Metals, Inc.
(1999-present)
Finance Committee
100%
   
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds (various companies)
(1996-present)
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
   
Hess Corporation
(1993-present)
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%
   
H.J. Heinz Company
(1994-2013)
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.35%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$8,794,730 (3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
101,737
February 2014
98,390
 
V. Maureen
Ms. Kempston Darkes is the retired Group Vice-President and President Latin America, Africa and Middle East, General Motors Corporation. In 2009 she ended a 35-year career at GM during which she attained the highest operating post ever held by a woman at GM. From 1994 to 2001, she was President and General Manager of General Motors of Canada Limited and Vice-President of General Motors Corporation.

She is an Officer of the Order of Canada, a member of the Order of Ontario and was ranked by Fortune magazine in 2009 as the 12th Most Powerful Woman in International Business and amongst the top 100 most powerful women in Canada in 2012. In 2006, she was the recipient of the Governor General of Canada’s Awards in Commemoration of the Persons Case and was inducted as a fellow of the Institute of Corporate Directors in 2011. She has also been appointed by the Government of Canada to the Science, Technology and Innovation Council and the Advisory Council for Promoting Women on Boards.

In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Ms. Kempston Darkes is also a director of Irving Oil Company Ltd.

Ms. Kempston Darkes has received Honorary Doctor of Law Degrees from the University of Toronto and the University of Victoria, including an Honorary Doctor of Commerce from Saint Mary’s University. She holds a B.A. in history and political science from Victoria University and the University of Toronto and an LL.B. from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law.

Kempston Darkes,
O.C., D. COMM., LL.D.
Corporate Director
Age: 66 (1)
Ontario, Canada
Florida, U.S.A.
Director Since:
March 29, 1995
Independent
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Transport Industry/Safety
 
•  Sales/Marketing
 
•  Human Resources
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
Schlumberger Limited
(2014-present)
Environment, Safety and Security Committee (Chair)
100%
   
Balfour Beatty Plc.
(2012-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
Enbridge Inc.
(2010-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
   
Brookfield Asset Management Inc.
(2008-present)
Finance Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
97.30%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$15,496,717 (3)
 Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
 February 2015
179,464
 February 2014
175,969
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 11
 
 

 
 
The Hon.
Mr. Losier is the retired President and Chief Executive Officer of Assumption Life (life insurance company). Between 1989 and 1994, Mr. Losier held various cabinet level positions with the government of the Province of New Brunswick, including Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture and Minister of Economic Development and Tourism.

Mr. Losier was co-chair of the University of Moncton’s Excellence Campaign. In 2008, he was named a member of the Security Intelligence Review Committee of Canada, and, as such, became a member of the Privy Council. In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Mr. Losier is a director of Enbridge Gas New Brunswick and chairs the board of directors of Invest N.B. and is a past member and director of the New Brunswick Business Council and Canadian Blood Services, respectively. Mr. Losier was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2011.

Mr. Losier holds a Bachelor of Economics from the University of Moncton and a Masters of Economics from the University of Western Ontario. Mr. Losier was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Business Administration from the University of Moncton.
Denis Losier,
P.C., LL.D., C.M.
Corporate Director
Age: 62 (1)
New Brunswick,
Canada
Director Since:
October 25, 1994
Independent
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Finance/Accounting
 
•  Human Resources
 
•  Sales/Marketing
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
Capital DGMC Inc. (Chairman)
(2013-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (Chair)
100%
   
Plazacorp Retail Properties Ltd.
(2007-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
XL-ID Solutions Inc. (formerly, Excellium Inc.)
(2013)
Donations and Sponsorships Committee (5)
100%    
NAV CANADA
(2004-2013)
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
97.25%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$24,914,738 (3)
 Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
 February 2015
288,532
 February 2014
284,137
 
The Hon.
The Honorable Kevin G. Lynch is Vice-Chair, BMO Financial Group. In this role, Dr. Lynch is a key strategic advisor to senior management. He represents BMO in domestic and international markets.

Prior to joining BMO, Dr. Lynch built a distinguished career in the Government of Canada. Before his retirement in 2009, he served as Clerk of the Privy Council, Secretary to the Cabinet, and Head of the Public Service of Canada. Dr. Lynch began his public service career at the Bank of Canada in 1976 and has held a number of senior positions in the Government of Canada. These included the post of Deputy Minister of Industry, from 1995 to 2000, and Deputy Minister of Finance, from 2000 to 2004. From 2004 to 2006, he served as Executive Director (for the Canadian, Irish and Caribbean constituency) at the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C.

In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Dr. Lynch is the Chair of the Board of Governors of the University of Waterloo, the Chancellor of King’s University and serves on several other boards, including those of the Asia Pacific Foundation and the Gairdner Foundation. Dr. Lynch is also a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Policy Councils.

Dr. Lynch has received honorary degrees from seven Canadian universities and was made a Member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada in 2009, and an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2011. He has been awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award from McMaster University and the Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal.

The Honorable Kevin G. Lynch earned his master’s in Economics from the University of Manchester and a doctorate in Economics from McMaster University.
Kevin G. Lynch,
P.C., O.C., PH.D., LL.D.
Vice-Chair, BMO
Financial Group
Age: 64 (1)
Ontario, Canada
Director Since:
April 23, 2014
Independent
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Public Policy
 
•  Finance/Accounting
 
•  Strategy
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
CNOOC Limited
(2014-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%    
 Empire Company Limited (Sobey’s)
(2013-present)
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
100%
       
Finance Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.78%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$583,035 (3)
 Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
 February 2015
6,752
 February 2014
NIL
 
 
12 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
Claude Mongeau
Mr. Mongeau became President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on January 1, 2010. In 2000, he was appointed Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company and held such position until June 1, 2009. Prior to this, he held the positions of Vice-President, Strategic and Financial Planning and Assistant Vice-President, Corporate Development upon joining the Company in 1994. In 2005, he was selected Canada’s CFO of the Year by an independent committee of prominent Canadian business leaders.

Prior to joining CN, Mr. Mongeau was a partner with Secor Group, a Montréal-based management consulting firm. He also worked in the business development unit of Imasco Inc. and as a consultant at Bain & Company.
 
Mr. Mongeau is a nominee for election as director of the board of The Toronto-Dominion Bank, at its March 26, 2015 annual shareholder meeting. Mr. Mongeau also serves as Chairman of the Board of the Railway Association of Canada.
 
Mr. Mongeau holds an MBA from McGill University.
President & CEO, CN
Age: 53 (1)
Quebec, Canada
Director Since:
October 20, 2009
NOT Independent
 
 
 
 
Principal Competencies
 
•  Strategy
 
•  Transport Industry/Safety
 
•  Finance/Accounting
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
 OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
 TD Bank
(2015 nominee)  
Donations and Sponsorships Committee (Chair) (5)
100%
   
SNC-Lavalin Group Inc.
(2003-present)  
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.84%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$41,245,337 (3)  
 Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
Stock Options Held (4)
 February 2015
477,653  
February 2015
1,738,000  
 February 2014
469,982  
February 2014
1,738,000  
  
James E. O’Connor
Mr. O’Connor is the retired chair of the board of directors of Republic Services, Inc., a leading provider of non-hazardous solid waste collection, recycling and disposal services in the United States. From 1998 to 2011, Mr. O’Connor was chair and Chief Executive Officer of Republic Services, Inc. Prior to 1998, he had held various management positions at Waste Management, Inc.

In 2001, Mr. O’Connor was the recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations (NECO) which rewards Americans who exemplify outstanding qualities in both their personal and professional lives, while continuing to preserve the richness of their particular heritage. He was named to the list of America’s Best CEOs each year, between 2005 and 2010. In 2011, Mr. O’Connor was named to the Institutional Investors’ All American Executive Team. He is also active in many community causes, especially those that benefit children. Mr. O’Connor has served on the board of directors of the SOS Children’s Village. In addition to serving on the Board of Clean Energy Fuels Corp., Mr. O’Connor also serves on the board of directors of the South Florida P.G.A. of America Foundation.

Mr. O’Connor holds a Bachelor of Science in Commerce (concentration in accounting) from DePaul University.
Corporate Director
Age: 65 (1)
Florida, U.S.A.
Director Since:
April 27, 2011
Independent
 
 
 
 
Principal Competencies  
•  Strategy
 
•  Engineering/Environment
 
•  Human Resources
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
Clean Energy Fuels Corp.
(2011-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
Republic Services, Inc.
(1998-2011)
Environment, Safety & Security Committee
100%        
Finance Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee (Chair)
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
97.14%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$1,873,971(3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
21,678
February 2014
18,668
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 13
 
 

 
 

Robert Pace, D. COMM.
Mr. Pace is President and Chief Executive Officer, The Pace Group (radio broadcasting, real estate development and environmental services). He began his professional career as a lawyer in Halifax with the firm Chandler Moore. In 1981, he accepted an appointment to act as the Atlantic Advisor to the Prime Minister of Canada, the Right Honourable Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

In addition to serving on the public boards mentioned in the following table, Mr. Pace is also Chairman of the Walter Gordon Foundation, a director of the Atlantic Salmon Federation and former director of the Asia Pacific Foundation.

Mr. Pace holds an MBA and an LL.B from Dalhousie University and holds an Honourary Doctor of Commerce Degree from Saint Mary’s University.

Mr. Pace has also completed Corporate Director education programs at both Harvard and Chicago Business Schools.
Chair of the Board, CN
President & CEO,
The Pace Group
Age: 60 (1)
Nova Scotia, Canada
Director Since:
October 25, 1994
Independent
 
 
Principal Competencies  
•  Human Resources
 
•  Transport Industry/Safety
 
•  Strategy
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board (Chair)
100%
   
High Liner Foods Incorporated
(1998-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
Hydro One Inc.
(2007-2014)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
   
Overland Realty Limited
(2006-2010)
Donations and Sponsorships Committee (5)
100%        
Environment, Safety & Security Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%
       
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds (5)
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.05%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$25,829,357 (3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
299,124
February 2014
288,926
 
Robert L. Phillips
Mr. Phillips is the President of R.L. Phillips Investments Inc. and was previously President and Chief Executive Officer and director of British Columbia Railway Company Limited from 2001 to 2004. Mr. Phillips was Executive Vice-President, Business Development and Strategy for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. and, before that, held the position of Chief Executive Officer at PTI Group and Dreco Energy Services Limited. He also enjoyed a prestigious career as a corporate lawyer and was appointed to the Queen’s Counsel in Alberta in 1991.

Mr. Phillips serves on the public boards mentioned in the following table. He has also served as a director of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, as a member of the Alberta Economic Development Authority (AEDA) and as a director of the Export and Trade Committee of the AEDA.

Mr. Phillips received his Bachelor of Laws (Gold Medalist), and Bachelor of Science, Chemical Engineering (Hons) from the University of Alberta.
President,
R.L. Phillips
Investments Inc.
Age: 64 (1)
British Columbia,
Canada
Director Since:
April 23, 2014
Independent
 
Principal Competencies  
•  Transport Industry/Safety
 
•  Strategy
 
•  Sales/Marketing
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%    
West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd (Lead Director)
(2005-present)
Audit Committee
100%
   
Precision Drilling Corporation (Chairman)
(2004-present)
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
100%
   
MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates Ltd. (Chairman)
(2003-present)
Environment, Safety & Security Committee
100%
   
Canadian Western Bank
(2001-present)
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%    
Axia NetMedia Corporation
(2000-2014)
Strategic Planning Committee
100%     
Epcor Utilities Inc.
(2005-2014)
       
Capital Power Corporation
(2009-2013)
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.79%
   
Terra Vest Income Fund
(2004-2012)
 
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
 
 
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$1,068,754 (3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
12,377
February 2014
4,125
 
 
14 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
Laura Stein
Ms. Stein is the Executive Vice-President – General Counsel of The Clorox Company (marketer and manufacturer of consumer products) where she serves on the executive committee. From 2000 to 2005, Ms. Stein was Senior Vice-President, General Counsel of the H.J. Heinz Company. She was also previously a corporate lawyer with Morrison & Foerster in San Francisco and Hong Kong.

Ms. Stein is a director of Franklin Resources, Inc. and a former director of Nash Finch Company and serves on the boards of several not-for-profit organizations, including Corporate Pro Bono, Equal Justice Works, the Leadership Council on Legal Diversity and the Association of General Counsel. Previously, Ms. Stein was chair of the Association of Corporate Counsel, co-chair of the General Counsel Committee of the ABA Business Law Section and a director of the Pittsburgh Ballet Theater.

Ms. Stein has received the Margaret Brent Award, the American Bar Association’s highest award for women lawyers; the Sandra Day O’Connor Board Excellence Award; and the Corporate Board Member America’s Top General Counsel Recognition Award.

Ms. Stein received her J.D. from Harvard Law School, and is a graduate of Dartmouth College where she earned an undergraduate and master’s degrees.
Executive
Vice-President –
General Counsel
The Clorox Company
Age: 53 (1)
California, U.S.A.
Director Since:
April 23, 2014
Independent
 
Principal Competencies  
•  Legal
 
•  Engineering/Environment
 
•  Finance/Accounting
   
       
MEMBER OF (6)
ATTENDANCE 2014
   
OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS DURING PAST 5 YEARS
Board
100%
   
Franklin Resources Inc.
(2005-present)
Audit Committee
100%        
Environment, Safety & Security Committee
100%
       
Finance Committee
100%
       
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
100%        
Strategic Planning Committee
100%
       
       
SECURITIES HELD
 
2014 VOTES IN FAVOUR
99.79%
   
VALUE AT RISK
C$571,406 (3)
Common Shares Owned or Controlled (2)
February 2015
6,610
February 2014
NIL
 
(1)
The age of the directors is provided as at April 21, 2015, the date of the Meeting.
 
(2)
The information regarding common shares beneficially owned, controlled or directed has been furnished by the respective nominees individually and includes Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) under the Deferred Share Unit Plan for Directors (“DSU Plan”) in the case of non-executive directors. In the case of Claude Mongeau it includes DSUs under the Company’s Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan (“VIDP”) but does not include common shares under stock options. For further details on the VIDP, please see the Deferred Compensation Plans section and for further information on the DSU Plan, please see the “Board of Directors Compensation” section of this Information Circular.
 
(3)
The Value at Risk represents the total value of common shares and DSUs which total value is based on the February 27, 2015 closing price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange (C$86.35) or, for Donald J. Carty, Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin, Edith E. Holiday, James E. O’Connor and Laura Stein, the New York Stock Exchange (U.S.$69.14) using the closing exchange rate (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.2503) on the same date.
 
(4)
The information regarding stock options comprises the stock options granted to Claude Mongeau under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. For further details on the plan, please see the “Statement of Executive Compensation” section of this Information Circular.
 
(5)
The Donations and Sponsorships Committee and the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds are mixed committees composed of both members of the Board of Directors as well as officers of the Company.
 
(6)
For a detailed review of the Board and committee attendance by director nominees, please refer to the Attendance Table found in the Statement of Governance Practices of this Information Circular.
 

ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE RELATING TO DIRECTORS

As of the date hereof, to the knowledge of the Company and based upon information provided to it by the nominees for election to the Board of Directors, no such nominee is or has been, in the last 10 years, a director or executive officer of any company that, while such person was acting in that capacity or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets, except for the following:

(i)
Mr. Mongeau, a director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, became a director of Nortel Networks Corporation (“NNC”) and Nortel Networks Limited (“NNL”) on June 29, 2006. On January 14, 2009, NNC, NNL and certain other Canadian subsidiaries initiated creditor protection proceedings under the CCAA in Canada. Certain U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions in the United States under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and certain Europe, Middle East and Africa subsidiaries made consequential filings in Europe and the Middle East. Mr. Mongeau resigned as a director of NNC and NNL effective August 10, 2009;

(ii)
Ms. Kempston Darkes, a director of the Company, was an officer of General Motors Corporation (“GM”) when GM filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on June 1, 2009. None of the operations for which she was directly responsible in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East were included in the bankruptcy filing. GM emerged from bankruptcy protection on July 10, 2009 in a reorganization in which a new entity acquired GM’s most valuable assets. Ms. Kempston Darkes retired as a GM officer on December 1, 2009;
 
(iii)
Mr. Giffin, a director of the Company, was a director of AbitibiBowater Inc. until January 22, 2009. AbitibiBowater Inc. and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions in the United States under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on April 16, 2009. AbitibiBowater Inc. and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries filed for creditor protection under the CCAA in Canada on April 17, 2009. Mr. Giffin is no longer a director of AbitibiBowater Inc.; and
 
(iv)
Mr. Losier, a director of the Company, was a director of XL-ID Solutions Inc. (formerly, Excellium Inc.) (“XL-ID”) from July 23, 2013 to August 29, 2013. On January 3, 2014, XL-ID announced that it had submitted a proposal to its creditors under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). On February 13, 2014, XL-ID announced that it had received a final order from the Superior Court of Quebec approving the proposal approved by its creditors.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 15
 
 

 
15 directors’ compensation moves to a “flatfee” structure eliminating meeting and travel attendance fees in line with market best practices.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
 
CN’s compensation program is designed to attract and retain the most qualified people to serve on CN’s Board and its committees and takes into account the risks and responsibilities of being an effective director. To reflect the Company’s extensive operations in the United States and the Company’s need to attract and retain directors with experience in doing business in the U.S., the compensation of the non-executive directors of the Company is designed to be comparable to that of large U.S.-based companies.

The Board sets the compensation of non-executive directors based on the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee’s recommendations. This Committee regularly reviews the compensation of non-executive directors and recommends to the Board such adjustments as it considers appropriate and necessary to recognize the workload, time commitment and responsibility of the Board and committee members and to remain competitive with director compensation trends in Canada and the U.S. Any director who is also an employee of the Corporation or any affiliates does not receive any compensation as a director.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee undertook in 2014 a review of compensation arrangements for non-executive directors, which had last been reviewed in 2011. In October 2014, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee retained the services of Towers Watson to provide expertise and advice on a compensation market review for the non-executive directors. For this study, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee asked Towers Watson to assist in the determination of the appropriate comparator groups for CN non-executive directors, review the level and form of directors’ compensation for the comparator groups, and review the trends in level and form of director compensation in Canada and the U.S.
 

COMPARATOR GROUPS

Towers Watson compared CN’s non-executive directors compensation against three separate comparator groups: (i) selected Class I Railroads (see following table) composed of the same companies used for benchmarking the Named Executive Officers’ compensation, given CN is one of the Class I Railroads; (ii) a Canadian peer group of companies (see following table) selected by screening for companies with comparable size to CN in terms of revenues and market capitalization, given CN is a Canadian company competing to attract and retain Canadian directors; and (iii) the U.S. companies comprised of the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index, given CN’s extensive operations in the U.S. and because CN needs to attract and retain several U.S.-based directors. When compared to these comparator groups, Towers Watson indicated that CN’s compensation for non-executive directors is well-aligned with the upper end of each of these comparator groups.

Selected Class I Railroads

COMPANY NAME
Union Pacific Corporation (U.S.)
Norfolk Southern Corporation (U.S.)
Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. (Cdn.)
CSX Corporation (U.S.)

Canadian Peer Group of Companies
COMPANY NAME
PRIMARY INDUSTRY
 
COMPANY NAME
PRIMARY INDUSTRY
Agrium Inc.
Chemicals
 
CGI Group Inc.
IT services
Air Canada
Airlines
 
Manulife Financial Corporation
Insurance
Bank of Montreal
Banks
 
Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan
Chemicals
Barrick Gold Corporation
Metals & Mining
 
Rogers Communications Inc.
Diversified Telecommunication
BCE Inc.
Diversified Telecommunication
 
Sun Life Financial Inc.
Insurance
Bombardier Inc.
Aerospace & Defense
 
Suncor Energy Inc.
Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Banks
 
Teck Resources Ltd.
Metals & Mining
Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.
Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels
 
Telus Corporation
Diversified Telecommunication
Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd.
Road & Rail
 
Thomson Reuters Corporation
Media
Canadian Tire Corporation
Multiline Retail
 
TransCanada Corporation
Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels
Cenovus Energy Inc.
Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels
     
 

CHANGES TO COMPENSATION

Following the compensation review, the Board, upon the advice of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, approved revisions to non-executive directors’ compensation, effective as of January 1, 2015, which consists of the adoption of an all-inclusive annual retainers structure. Board and committee meeting attendance fees as well as travel attendance fees are eliminated and such variable compensation is now included in the existing Board and committee retainers which have been increased slightly given that they now apply regardless of the number of meetings attended by directors and that this new flat fee compensation structure has been set for the next two years. This approach is consistent with compensation trend of the comparator groups, adds predictability of compensation to non-executive directors, and is simpler to administer.
 
In 2015 directors’ compensation moves to a “flat-fee” structure eliminating meeting and travel attendance fees in line with market best practices.
 
 
16 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
COMPENSATION LEVELS

The following table shows the compensation levels for CN’s non-executive directors during 2014, together with the new compensation levels as discussed above, effective as of January 1, 2015 (such new levels to remain the same for two years):
 
 
FEES (U.S.$)
FEES (U.S.$)
(1)   The Board Chair receives no additional director retainer nor committee chair or committee member retainer.
 
(2)   Directors (including Board Chair) may choose to receive all or part of their cash retainer in common shares or DSUs (see compensation table below for details) and their common share grant retainer can also be received in DSUs. The common shares are purchased on the open market.
 
(3)   Committee chairs receive no additional committee chair or committee member retainer in 2014.
 
(4)   The committee member retainer in 2014 was paid on a per-committee basis.
 
(5)   Directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred in attending Board and committee meetings.
 
TYPE OF FEE
2014
2015
Board Chair Cash Retainer (1) (2)
120,000
175,000
Board Chair Share Grant Retainer (1) (2)
350,000
375,000
Director Cash Retainer (2)
15,000
35,000
Director Share Grant Retainer (2)
175,000
200,000
Committee Chair Cash Retainers (2)
   
Audit and HRC Committees Chairs
25,000(3)
75,000
Other Committees Chairs
15,000(3)
65,000
Committee Member Cash Retainer (2)
3,500(4)
55,000
Board Meeting Attendance Fee
1,500
N/A
Committee Meeting Attendance Fee
1,500
N/A
Travel Attendance Fee (5)
1,500
N/A
 
 

COMPENSATION TABLE

The table below reflects in detail the compensation earned by non-executive directors in the 12-month period ended December 31, 2014.
 
 
FEES EARNED
       
PERCENT-­
 
DIRECTOR
             
AGE OF
 
BOARD
   
BOARD AND
       
TOTAL FEES
 
VICE-CHAIR
   
COMMITTEE
       
RECEIVED
 
AND
COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE
ATTENDANCE
SHARE-
ALL OTHER
   
IN COMMON
 
BOARD CHAIR
CHAIR
MEMBER
AND TRAVEL
BASED
COMPEN-
   
SHARES
 
RETAINER
RETAINER
RETAINER
FEES
AWARDS
SATION
 
TOTAL
AND/OR
NAME OF DIRECTOR
(C$)(1)
(C$)(1)
(C$)(1)
(C$)(1)(2)
(C$)(3)
(C$)(4)
 
(C$)
DSUs(6)
Current Directors
                 
A. Charles Baillie
16,646
16,646
15,536
61,300
194,198
 
304,326
80%
Donald J. Carty
16,646
18,409
19,420
66,270
194,198
4,970
 
319,913
72%
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
16,568
27,613
14,174
69,584
194,198
1,657
 
323,794
60%
Edith E. Holiday
16,568
19,329
66,270
194,198
 
296,365
66%
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes
16,568
16,568
15,463
67,927
194,198
 
310,724
62%
The Hon. Denis Losier
16,568
20,249
16,752
71,240
194,198
3,314
 
322,321
60%
The Hon. Edward C. Lumley
16,568
16,568
12,886
62,957
194,198
 
303,177
64%
The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch
11,025
12,863
49,703
128,625
 
202,216
75%
James E. O’Connor
16,568
11,045
16,752
69,584
194,198
1,657
 
309,804
63%
Robert Pace(8)
92,803
9,204
6,445
67,927
321,481
3,609
 
501,469
82%
Robert L. Phillips
10,952
12,778
48,046
127,774
4,970
 
204,520
74%
Laura Stein
10,894
12,710
49,703
127,097
 
200,404
71%
Retired Directors
                 
Michael R. Armellino(7)
5,523
5,523
6,443
26,508
64,732
 
108,729
60%
Hugh J. Bolton(7)
5,523
5,523
5,155
23,195
64,732
 
104,128
62%
David G.A. McLean(7)
44,180
23,195
129,465
570 
(5)
197,410
66%
TOTAL
313,600
147,348
186,706
823,409
2,517,490
20,747
 
4,009,300
69%

(1)
All directors earned compensation in U.S. currency. Compensation received in cash was converted to Canadian dollars using the average rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada for 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1045). Compensation elected to be received in common shares or DSUs was converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1097), on the purchase day (February 3, 2014). Robert Pace’s election for such compensation as Chair of the Board was converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada on May 13, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0910). The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch, Robert L. Phillips and Laura Stein election for such compensation was converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada respectively on April 28, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1025), on May 5, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0952) and on May 7, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0894). In addition to the common shares or DSUs received by the directors, the Board Vice-Chair, and the Board Chair, as described in note (3) below, the directors, the Board Vice-Chair and the Board Chair may choose to receive all or part of their cash retainers in common shares or DSUs. The following directors made such election with respect to the amounts set forth beside their names: A. Charles Baillie (C$48,828), Donald J. Carty (C$36,066), the Hon. Kevin G. Lynch (C$23,888), Robert Pace (C$87,280), Robert L. Phillips (C$23,730) and Laura Stein (C$15,861). The amount of cash retainers elected to be received in common shares or DSUs is included in these columns.
 
(2)
Includes travel fees which amounted to a total of C$165,675, in aggregate, for all directors.
 
(3)
Represents a common share grant valued at U.S.$175,000 received by each non-executive director as part of the Director Retainer, U.S.$175,000 for the Board Vice-Chair as part of the Board Vice-Chair Retainer, and U.S.$350,000 for the Board Chair as part of the Board Chair Retainer. Such values were converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1097) on February 3, 2014. The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch, Robert L. Phillips and Laura Stein election for such compensation was converted to Canadian dollars using the closing rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada respectively on April 28, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1025), on May 5, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0952) and on May 7, 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0894).
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 17
 
 

 
  
(4)
Such values represent committee attendance fees received in cash for attendance to meetings of board committees of which they were not members. Such values were converted to Canadian dollars using the average rate of exchange of the Bank of Canada for 2014 (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1045).
 
(5)
Includes the value of insurance premiums for 2014. For Robert Pace: for North American emergency protection outside his province of residence, the annual cost to the Company for such benefits was C$295 (based on an annual premium of C$1,792). For David G.A. McLean: for insurance premiums for medical and dental coverage in Canada and the U.S., the total cost to the Company was C$570 (based on total annual premiums of C$1,841).
 
(6)
This percentage is calculated by dividing the aggregate of the cash retainer elected by non-executive directors to be received in common shares or DSUs described in note (1) above and the value provided under the share-based awards column, by the value provided under the total column.
 
(7)
Michael R. Armellino, Hugh J. Bolton and David G.A. McLean retired from the Board on April 23, 2014.
 
(8)
Robert Pace became Chair of the Board on April 23, 2014. Prior to this date, he had been Board Vice-Chair since April 23, 2013.


SHARE OWNERSHIP

The directors of the Company play a central role in enhancing shareholder value and each has a substantial investment in the Company. The Board has adopted a guideline to the effect that each non-executive director should own, within five years of joining the Board, common shares, Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) or similar share equivalents of CN, if any, (“CN Securities”) with a value of at least the higher of: (i) C$500,000, or (ii) three times the aggregate of the annual director retainer (which includes cash and the value of any grant of CN Securities and in the case of the Board Chair, the aggregate of the annual Board Chair retainer in cash and the value of any grant of CN Securities) (the “Minimum Shareholding Requirement”). Each non-executive director is required to continue to hold such value throughout his or her tenure as a director and the CN Securities held to comply with the Minimum Shareholding Requirement shall not be, during the director tenure, the object of specific monetization procedures or other hedging procedures to reduce the exposure related to his or her holding.
 
Each non-executive director is required to receive at least 50% of his or her annual director, committee, Board Chair and committee chair cash retainers in CN Securities and may elect to receive up to 100% of such retainers in CN Securities until his or her Minimum Shareholding Requirement is met. Once the Minimum Shareholding Requirement is met, directors may elect to receive up to 100% of such retainers in CN Securities.
 
Directors are required to be paid at least 50% in the form of equity until they attain their share ownership requirements.
  
Changes to Share Ownership

In connection with the changes made to the compensation structure, effective with this year’s Meeting, the share ownership requirements for non-executive directors include a new feature to the effect that each director is required to continue to hold CN Securities with a value of at least the higher of: (i) C$250,000 or (ii) 50% of the Minimum Shareholding Requirement, for a period of 2 years after the director leaves the Board.

Approximately 69% of the total annual compensation of the non-executive directors for 2014 was in the form of CN Securities. As of the date hereof, the average value of CN Securities owned by non-executive directors is approximately C$11.5 million (based on the February 27, 2015, closing price of the common shares of the Company on the Toronto Stock Exchange (C$86.35), or the New York Stock Exchange (U.S.$69.14) for U.S. directors).

Directors’ ownership requirement for two years beyond board tenure aligns with longer term stewardship.
 
 
18 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 



SHARE OWNERSHIP TABLE

The following table provides information on the number and the value of common shares and DSUs owned by the Company’s current directors as at February 27, 2015, and the amount needed to meet the Minimum Shareholding Requirement.
 
DIRECTOR
YEAR (1)
NUMBER
OF COMMON
SHARES OWNED,
CONTROLLED
OR DIRECTED
2015
TOTAL VALUE
OF COMMON
SHARES (VALUE
AT RISK)(3)
(C$)
NUMBER OF
DSUs HELD
2015
TOTAL VALUE
OF DSUs (VALUE
AT RISK)(3)
(C$)
TOTAL NUMBER
OF COMMON
SHARES OWNED,
CONTROLLED OR
DIRECTED
AND DSUs (2)
2015
TOTAL VALUE
OF COMMON
SHARES AND
DSUs (VALUE
AT RISK) (3)
(C$)
GUIDELINE MET
OR INVESTMENT
REQUIRED TO
MEET GUIDELINE
(C$)
VALUE AT RISK
AS MULTIPLE OF
SHAREHOLDING
REQUIREMENT
A. Charles Baillie
2015
207,400
 
122,330
 
329,730
     
 
2014
207,400
17,908,990
119,166
10,563,196
326,566
28,472,186
32
 
Variation
 
3,164
 
3,164
     
Donald J. Carty
2015
37,620
 
19,047
 
56,667
     
 
2014
20,000
3,252,089
18,785
1,646,532
38,785
4,898,621
6
 
Variation
17,620
 
262
 
17,882
     
Ambassador
2015
42,493
 
44,772
 
87,265
     
Gordon D. Giffin
2014
40,118
3,673,339
43,564
3,870,349
83,682
7,543,688
9
 
Variation
2,375
 
1,208
 
3,583
     
Edith E. Holiday
2015
73,341
 
28,396
 
101,737
     
 
2014
73,341
6,340,017
25,049
2,454,713
98,390
8,794,730
10
 
Variation
 
3,347
 
3,347
     
V. Maureen
2015
127,368
 
52,096
 
179,464
     
Kempston Darkes
2014
124,590
10,998,227
51,379
4,498,490
175,969
15,496,717
18
 
Variation
2,778
 
717
 
3,495
     
The Hon. Denis Losier
2015
184,254
 
104,278
 
288,532
     
 
2014
184,254
15,910,333
99,883
9,004,405
284,137
24,914,738
28
 
Variation
 
4,395
 
4,395
     
The Hon.
2015
121,370
 
89,387
 
210,757
     
Edward C. Lumley
2014
123,370
10,480,300
87,170
7,718,567
210,540
18,198,867
21
 
Variation
(2,000)
 
2,217
 
217
     
The Hon.
2015
 
6,752
 
6,752
     
Kevin G. Lynch
2014
583,035
583,035
298,427
0.7
 
Variation
 
6,752
 
6,752
     
Claude Mongeau
2015
66,503
 
411,150
 
477,653
     
 
2014
64,496
5,742,534
405,486
35,502,803
469,982
41,245,337
see note 4
 
Variation
2,007
 
5,664
 
7,671
     
James E. O’Connor
2015
21,678
 
 
21,678
     
 
2014
18,668
1,873,971
18,668
1,873,971
2
 
Variation
3,010
 
 
3,010
     
Robert Pace
2015
200,557
 
98,567
 
299,124
     
 
2014
191,715
17,318,097
97,211
8,511,260
288,926
25,829,357
13
 
Variation
8,842
 
1,356
 
10,198
     
Robert L. Phillips
2015
5,625
 
6,752
 
12,377
     
 
2014
4,125
485,719
583,035
4,125
1,068,754
1
 
Variation
1,500
 
6,752
 
8,252
     
Laura Stein
2015
 
6,610
 
6,610
     
 
2014
571,406
571,406
310,056
0.6
 
Variation
 
6,610
 
6,610
     
  
(1)
The number of common shares and DSUs held by each director for 2015 is set out as at February 27, 2015, and for 2014 is set out as at February 28, 2014.
 
(2)
Includes DSUs elected as part of directors compensation and DSUs under the Company’s VIDP held by Claude Mongeau.
 
(3)
The total value is based on the February 27, 2015 closing price of the common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange (C$86.35) or, for Donald J. Carty, Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin, Edith E. Holiday, James E. O’Connor and Laura Stein, the New York Stock Exchange (U.S.$69.14) using the closing exchange rate (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.2503) on the same date.
 
(4)
For a discussion on Claude Mongeau’s shareholding requirements, please see the section “Stock Ownership Status” on p. 49 of this Information Circular.


DIRECTORS’ DEFERRED SHARE UNIT PLAN

Subject to the Minimum Shareholding Requirement, directors may elect to receive all or part of their director, committee member, Board Chair, and committee chair cash retainers either in cash, common shares of the Company purchased on the open market or DSUs. They may also elect to receive their common share grant retainer in DSUs. Each DSU entitles the beneficiary thereof to receive upon resignation, retirement or death, one common share of the Company purchased on the open market, plus additional DSUs reflecting dividend equivalents.

Each director has an account where notional DSUs are credited and held until the director leaves the Board. The number of DSUs credited to each director’s account is calculated by dividing the elected amount of the director, committee member, Board Chair, and committee chair cash and common share retainers by the common share price on the day the credit is made.
 
Participants in the DSU Plan are credited additional DSUs that are equivalent to the dividends declared on the Company’s common shares. Such additional DSUs are credited to each non-executive director’s account on each dividend payment date. The number of DSUs is calculated using the same rate as for the dividends paid on the common shares.

When a director leaves the Board, the Company buys the same number of common shares on the open market as the number of DSUs the director holds in the DSU Plan, after deducting appropriate taxes. These shares are then delivered to the former director. All administration costs as well as any brokerage fees associated with the purchase and registration of common shares are paid by CN.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 19
 
 

 
  
STATEMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
 

GENERAL

We are committed to adhering to the highest standards of corporate governance and our corporate governance practices were designed in a manner consistent with this objective. The role, specific mandate and functioning rules of the Board of Directors and of each of its committees are set forth in our Corporate Governance Manual which was formally approved by the Board of Directors on January 21, 2003, and last amended on March 10, 2015. Our Corporate Governance Manual is available on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance. It is revised regularly with a view of continually improving our practices by assessing their effectiveness and comparing them with evolving practices, changing circumstances and our needs. Our Corporate Governance Manual forms part of the documentation given to all persons elected or appointed to the Board of Directors.

As a Canadian reporting issuer with securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), our corporate governance practices comply with applicable rules adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA”), applicable provisions of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and related rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We are exempted from complying with many of the NYSE corporate governance rules, provided that we comply with Canadian governance requirements. Except as summarized on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance, our governance practices comply with the NYSE corporate governance rules in all significant respects.

The CSA adopted, in June 2005, National Instrument 58-101— Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices (as amended from time to time, the “Disclosure Instrument”) and National Policy 58-201— Corporate Governance Guidelines (as amended from time to time, the “Governance Policy”). The Governance Policy provides guidance on governance practices to Canadian issuers, while the Disclosure Instrument requires issuers to make the prescribed disclosure regarding their own governance practices. The Company believes that its corporate governance practices meet and exceed the requirements of the Disclosure Instrument and the Governance Policy. The text set forth hereunder refers to the items of the Disclosure Instrument as well as to the guidelines of the Governance Policy, where applicable. The Company also refers, where appropriate, to the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards (the “NYSE Standards”).

The Board of Directors is of the opinion that the Company’s corporate governance practices are well designed to assist the Company in achieving its principal corporate objective, which is the enhancement of shareholder value. The mandate of the Board is set out in Schedule “A” to this Information Circular. The Board of Directors has approved the disclosure of the Company’s governance practices described below, on the recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.
 
The role, mandate and rules of the Board of Directors and of its committees are set forth in our corporate governance manual, a detailed document available on our website. CN is one of the few issuers in Canada with such a comprehensive governance manual publicly available.
 

CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT

The Board of Directors reviews and updates our Code of Business Conduct to ensure that it is consistent with current industry trends and standards; clearly communicates CN’s organizational mission, values, and principles; and, most importantly, serves as a reference guide for employees to support everyday decision making. The Code is applicable­ to directors, officers and employees of CN. It addresses many important matters, including conflicts of interest, protection and proper use of corporate assets and opportunities, confidentiality of corporate information, fair dealing, compliance with laws and reporting of any illegal or unethical behaviour. No waiver has ever been granted to a director or executive officer in connection therewith. The Code of Business Conduct is available on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance and in print to any share­holder who requests a copy by contacting our Corporate Secretary. The Code has also been filed with the Canadian and U.S. securities regulatory authorities.

The Board, through its Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, reviews, monitors and oversees the disclosure relating to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct. Each year, management reports to such committee on the implementation of the Code of Business Conduct within the organization and on any material contravention of the Code of Business Conduct by employees of the Company.

The Board requests that every director disclose any direct or indirect interest he or she has in any organization, business or association, which could place the director in a conflict of interest. Every year, a questionnaire is sent to each director to ensure that the director is in no such conflict that has not been disclosed. Should there be a discussion or decision relating to an organization, business or association in which a director has an interest, the Board will request that such director not participate or vote in any such discussion or decision.

The Company believes that ethical business conduct is an important part of its success. Hence, the mandate of the Board attached as Schedule “A” to this Information Circular states that the Board has the responsibility for overseeing management in the competent and ethical operation of the Company. As part of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct, employees are also required to avoid outside interests that may impair or appear to impair the effective performance of their responsibilities to the Company, and be fair and impartial in all dealings with customers, suppliers and partners. A key person in the implementation of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct is CN’s Ombudsman, who presents reports to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. The office of the Ombudsman offers a confidential, neutral and informal avenue which facilitates fair and equitable resolutions to concerns arising within the Company.
 
 
The Board of Directors has adopted procedures allowing interested parties to communicate directly with the Board Chair.

20 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
  
The Board of Directors also adopted procedures allowing interested parties (i) to submit accounting and auditing complaints or concerns to us and (ii) to communicate directly with the Board Chair, who presides over all non-executive director sessions. These procedures are described on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance. The Code of Business Conduct provides that concerns of employees regarding any potential or real wrongdoing in terms of accounting or auditing matters may be submitted confidentially through CN’s Hotline.
 

INDEPENDENCE OF DIRECTORS

To better align the interests of the Board of Directors with those of our shareholders, all of the nominees for election to the Board of Directors, except our President and Chief Executive Officer, are independent. In determining whether a director is an independent director, the Board of Directors applies the standards developed by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities, the NYSE and the additional standards adopted by the Board. These standards are set out in CN’s Corporate Governance Manual which is available on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance.

As shown in the following table, 10 of the 11 nominees for election to the Board of Directors are independent:
 
 
INDEPENDENCE STATUS
 
NAME
INDEPENDENT
NOT
INDEPENDENT
REASON FOR
NON-INDEPENDENCE
STATUS
Donald J. Carty
   
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
   
Edith E. Holiday
   
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes
   
The Hon. Denis Losier
   
The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch
   
Claude Mongeau
   
President and Chief
   
Executive Officer
     
of the Company
James E. O’Connor
   
Robert Pace
   
Robert L. Phillips
   
Laura Stein
   
 

INDEPENDENT CHAIR OF THE BOARD

The Company’s Board has been led by a non-executive Chair since it became public in 1995 and we believe that the separation of the positions of President and Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board contributes to allowing the Board to function independently of management. Hence, our Corporate Governance Manual provides that the Board Chair must be an independent director who is designated by the Board. Mr. Robert Pace is the independent Board Chair. The Corporate Governance Manual describes the responsibilities of the Chair of the Board. The key role of the Board Chair is to take all reasonable measures to ensure that the Board (i) has structures and procedures in place to enable it to function independently of management; (ii) carries out its responsibilities effectively; and (iii) clearly understands and respects the boundaries between the responsibilities of the Board and those of management. Mr. Pace became Chair of the Board on April 23, 2014.
 
10 of the 11 nominees for election to the Board of Directors are independent.
 

POSITION DESCRIPTIONS

Our Corporate Governance Manual includes position descriptions for the Board Chair and the Committee Chairs, as well as a position description for the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
 

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

Given our size, the nature and geographical scope of our activities and the great number of laws and regulations to which we are subject, the Board of Directors has subdivided its supervision mandate into six areas and has established committees that have certain responsibilities for such areas. These committees are the Audit Committee, the Finance Committee, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, the Environment, Safety and Security Committee and the Strategic Planning Committee and their charters are available as part of CN’s Corporate Governance Manual. The Board of Directors also established the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds and the Donations and Sponsorships Committee, which are mixed committees composed of members of the Board of Directors as well as officers of the Company. All committees report to the Board of Directors and, subject to certain limited exceptions, there are no standing delegations of the Board of Directors’ decision-making authority to committees.

The following is a brief summary of the mandate of each committee of the Board of Directors.
 
Schedule “B” to this Information Circular provides reports on the activities of each Board Committee.
 
Audit Committee

The Audit Committee has the responsibility of overseeing the Company’s financial reporting, monitoring risk management, internal controls and internal and external auditors. The mandate of the Audit Committee is further described in the section entitled “Statement of Corporate Governance Practices — Audit Committee Disclosure” on page 32 of this Information Circular and in the charter of such committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual. The charter of the Audit Committee provides that such Committee must be composed solely of independent directors. As at February 27, 2015, all members of the Audit Committee are independent.

Finance Committee

The Finance Committee has the responsibility of overseeing the Company’s financial policies, and authorizing, approving and recommending financial activities. As part of these responsibilities, the Finance Committee provides oversight with respect to our capital structure, dividend policy, share repurchase program, cash flows and key financial ratios, reviews the opportunities and parameters for debt or equity financing, reviews financing documents and, within the scope of its authority levels established by the Board, may authorize the borrowing of money, the issuing of debt securities or other forms of financing, and makes recommendations to the Board thereon. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Finance Committee are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 21
 
 

 
 
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has the responsibility of monitoring the composition of the Board of Directors and its committees and overseeing corporate governance matters. As part of its responsibilities, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee develops, reviews and monitors criteria for selecting directors, including required or desired competencies and skills to improve the Board of Directors and, in consultation with the Board Chair, identifies candidates qualified to become Board members.

This Committee reviews the corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, recommends any change that should be made thereto and monitors the disclosure of its practices. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.

The charter of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee provides that such Committee must be composed solely of independent directors. As at February 27, 2015, all members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are independent.

Human Resources and Compensation Committee

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee has the responsibility of monitoring executive management’s performance assessment and succession planning. This Committee also has the mandate to review human resources practices by ensuring, amongst other things, that appropriate human resources systems are in place so that the Company can attract, motivate and retain the quality of personnel required to meet its business objectives. The mandate of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee is further described in the section entitled “Statement of Executive Compensation — Human Resources and Compensation Committee” on page 36 of this Information Circular and in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual. The charter of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee provides that such Committee must be composed solely of independent directors. As at February 27, 2015, all members of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee are independent.

The Board has adopted a policy, which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual, that no more than one in three members of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee shall be a sitting CEO of another company, at least one member shall be experienced in executive compensation, and the President and CEO of the Company shall be excluded from the Committee member selection process.

Reference is also made to the subsection entitled “Statement of Executive Compensation — Human Resources and Compensation Committee — Executive and Board Compensation Consultants” on page 38 of this Information Circular for disclosure in respect of executive compensation consultants.

Environment, Safety and Security Committee

The Environment, Safety and Security Committee has the responsibility, amongst other things, of overseeing the development and implementation of environmental, safety and security policies, assessing environmental, safety and security practices, and reviewing the Company’s business plan to ascertain whether environmental, safety and security issues are adequately taken into consideration. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.

Strategic Planning Committee

The Strategic Planning Committee, which is composed of all of the Company’s Board Members, focuses on financial and strategic issues, including the review of the key assumptions, as well as the economic, business, regulatory and competitive conditions underlying the Company’s business plan. It also reviews, with the President and Chief Executive Officer and other appropriate executive officers, the Company’s business plan and capital budget prior to their formal approval by the Board of Directors. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Strategic Planning Committee are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.

Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds

The Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds, which is a mixed committee composed of directors and officers, has the responsibility, amongst other things, of reviewing the activities of the CN Investment Division, reviewing and approving the CN Investment Incentive Plan and award payouts thereunder, advising the CN Investment Division on investment of assets of CN’s Pension Trust Funds and approving certain of the investments made by CN’s Pension Trust Funds. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.

Donations and Sponsorships Committee

The Donations and Sponsorships Committee, which is a mixed committee composed of directors and officers, has the responsibility, amongst other things, of developing a donations and sponsorships strategy and for reviewing and approving donation and sponsorship requests. The responsibilities, powers and operation of the Donations and Sponsorships Committee are further described in the charter of such Committee which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual.
 
 
22 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 

RISK MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT

At CN, the Board is entrusted with the responsibility for identifying and overseeing the significant risks to which CN’s business is exposed and ensuring there are processes in place to effectively identify, monitor and manage them. These processes seek to mitigate risk. A significant risk is generally defined as an exposure that has the potential to materially impact CN’s ability to meet or support its business objectives. The Board delegates responsibility for the execution of certain elements of the risk oversight program to committees of the Board in order to ensure appropriate expertise, attention and diligence, and reports to the Board in the ordinary course.
 
The Board has strong processes in place to identify and monitor the significant risks to which CN is exposed.
 
Management undertakes an enterprise-wide process to identify, classify, assess and report on CN’s significant risks and mitigation strategies. For a detailed explanation of the material risks applicable to CN and its affiliates, see the section entitled “Business risks” in CN’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis dated February 2, 2015 included in CN’s 2014 Annual Report, available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov and on CN’s website at www.cn.ca.

Risk information is reviewed by committees of the Board and/or the Board throughout the year and Company Officers present updates on the execution of business strategies, risks and mitigation activities. The Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that appropriate risk management processes are in place across the organization and it considers the effectiveness of the operation of CN’s internal control procedures and reviews reports from CN’s internal and external auditors. As part of its risk management process activities, the Audit Committee ensures that significant risks identified are referred to a Board committee or the Board for oversight, as appropriate. Specifically, the Audit Committee reviews the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies including information technology risk management, business interruption management, and assists the Board with the oversight of the Company’s compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. From a financial perspective, the Company is exposed to various risks such as customer credit risk, commodity price risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and liquidity risk. To manage these risks, CN follows a financial risk management framework, which is monitored and approved by the Finance Committee, with a goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, optimizing earnings per share and free cash flow, financing CN’s operations at an optimal cost of capital and preserving the Company’s liquidity. The Finance Committee, as part of its responsibility to review CN’s liquidity position, also oversees pension funding risks. The Human Resources and Compensation Committee considers risks relating to compensation, succession planning and CN’s employee benefit obligations while the Environment, Safety and Security Committee considers risks related to environment, health and safety, and security.
 

BOARD AND COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Process

The Board Chair, in collaboration with the Corporate Secretary, has the responsibility of establishing a schedule for the meetings of the Board of Directors and its committees. During this process, the Corporate Secretary, in collaboration with the Board and committee chairs and the appropriate executive officers, establishes Board and committee working plans for the year. We believe that proceeding in this manner helps in the preparation of in-depth presentations conducive to meaningful information sessions and discussions while allowing management to plan ahead. If, during the course of the year, events or circumstances require Board or committee action or consideration, additional meetings are called. The total number of meetings and the attendance record for each director for all board and committee meetings held during the course of 2014 are set out in the section entitled “Nominees for Election to the Board — Board and Committee Attendance” of this Information Circular.

Board and Committee working plans are established for the year.
 
Communication regularly takes place between the Board Chair and the President and Chief Executive Officer and, through the Office of the Corporate Secretary, between executive officers having responsibilities for matters placed under the supervision of particular committees and the Chairs of such committees. This open communication ensures that all meaningful information concerning the affairs and progress of the Company are transmitted to those members of the Board of Directors or committees having special supervisory responsibilities.

In Camera Meetings

The independent Board members meet before or after every regular in-person meeting of the Board of Directors in in camera sessions, without the presence of management and under the chairmanship of the Board Chair. During the financial year ended December 31, 2014, there were 9 in camera sessions that were attended exclusively by non-executive directors.

In camera sessions are held by independent board members at every regular in-person meeting of the board of directors.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 23
 
 

 
 
 

BOARD AND COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE

Attendance Table

The following tables show the record of attendance by director at meetings of the Board and its committees, as well as the number of Board and Board committee meetings held during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2014.
 
    NUMBER AND % OF MEETINGS ATTENDED
DIRECTOR(1)
BOARD
AUDIT
COMMITTEE
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
AND
NOMINATING
COMMITTEE
DONATIONS
AND
SPONSORSHIPS
COMMITTEE
ENVIRONMENT,
SAFETY AND
SECURITY
COMMITTEE
FINANCE
COMMITTEE
HUMAN
RESOURCES
AND COMPENSATION
COMMITTEE
INVESTMENT
COMMITTEE
OF CN’S
PENSION
TRUST
FUNDS
STRATEGIC
PLANNING
COMMITTEE
COMMITTEES
(TOTAL )
OVERALL
ATTENDANCE
A. Charles Baillie(2)
9/9
(100%)
2/2
7/7
(Chair)
5/5
4/4
3/3
21/21
(100%)
30/30
(100%)
Donald J. Carty(3)
9/9
(100%)
5/5
(Chair)
5/5
3/3
3/3
3/3
1/1
3/3
23/23
(100%)
32/32
(100%)
Ambassador
Gordon D. Giffin(4)
9/9
(100%)
5/5
3/3
2/2
3/3
5/5
(Chair)
4/4
3/3
25/25
(100%)
34/34
(100%)
Edith E. Holiday
9/9
(100%)
5/5
7/7
5/5
4/4
3/3
24/24
(100%)
33/33
(100%)
V. Maureen
Kempston Darkes(5)
9/9
(100%)
3/3
3/3
5/5
(Chair)
4/4
5/5
1/1
3/3
24/24
(100%)
33/33
(100%)
The Hon. Denis Losier(6)
9/9
(100%)
5/5
5/5
(Chair)
1/1
2/2
5/5
4/4
3/3
25/25
(100%)
34/34
(100%)
The Hon.
Edward C. Lumley(7)
9/9
(100%)
2/2
7/7
5/5
4/4
(Chair)
3/3
21/21
(100%)
30/30
(100%)
The Hon.
Kevin G. Lynch(8)
7/7
(100%)
3/3
3/3
5/5
3/3
3/3
17/17
(100%)
24/24
(100%)
Claude Mongeau(9)
9/9
(100%)
3/3
(Chair)
1/1
3/3
7/7
(100%)
16/16
(100%)
James E. O’Connor(10)
9/9
(100%)
5/5
5/5
7/7
3/3
1/1
3/3
(Chair)
24/24
(100%)
33/33
(100%)
Robert Pace(11)
9/9
(100%)
(Chair)
3/3
5/5
3/3
3/3
5/5
1/1
3/3
23/23
(100%)
32/32
(100%)
Robert L. Phillips(12)
7/7
(100%)
3/3
3/3
3/3
3/3
3/3
15/15
(100%)
22/22
(100%)
Laura Stein(13)
7/7
(100%)
3/3
3/3
5/5
3/3
3/3
17/17
(100%)
24/24
(100%)
 
(1)
In addition to committee members, all non-executive board members attended on a non-voting basis the January 2014 meeting of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee. The following directors who did not sit on the Finance Committee attended the October meeting on a non-voting basis: Donald J. Carty, Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin, The Hon. Denis Losier, Robert L. Phillips and Robert Pace. The following directors also attended the November Finance Committee meeting on a non-voting basis: Donald J. Carty, The Hon. Denis Losier and Robert L. Phillips. Messrs. Robert Pace and Robert L. Phillips also attended the April Finance Committee meeting.
 
(2)
A. Charles Baillie stepped down as member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(3)
Donald J. Carty became Chair of the Audit Committee, member of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee, member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and stepped down as member of the Finance Committee and of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds on April 23, 2014.
 
(4)
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin stepped down as member of the Finance Committee and of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(5)
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes became a member of the Finance Committee, member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and stepped down as member of the Audit Committee and of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds on April 23, 2014.
 
(6)
The Hon. Denis Losier became Chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and remained member of the Audit Committee. He stepped down as a member of Donations and Sponsorships Committee and of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(7)
The Hon. Edward C. Lumley stepped down as member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(8)
The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch became a member of the Finance Committee, member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, member of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee, member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and member of the Strategic Planning Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(9)
In addition to committee members, Claude Mongeau attended five Audit Committee meetings, five Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee meetings, five Environment, Safety and Security Committee meetings, six Finance Committee meetings and five Human Resources and Compensation Committee meetings on a non-voting basis. Mr. Mongeau stepped down as member of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds on April 23, 2014.
 
(10)
James E. O’Connor became Chair of the Strategic Planning Committee, member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and stepped down as member of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds on April 23, 2014.
 
(11)
Robert Pace became Chair of the Board and member of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee and stepped down as member of the Audit Committee and of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds on April 23, 2014.
 
(12)
Robert L. Phillips became a member of the Audit Committee, member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, member of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee, member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and member of the Strategic Planning Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
(13)
Laura Stein became a member of the Audit Committee, member of the Finance Committee, member of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee, member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and member of the Strategic Planning Committee on April 23, 2014.
 
 
24 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

Meetings Held Table

BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE MEETINGS
NUMBER
OF MEETINGS
HELD IN 2014
Board
9
Audit Committee
5
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
5
Donations and Sponsorships Committee
3
Environment, Safety and Security Committee
5
Finance Committee
7
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
5
Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds
4
Strategic Planning Committee
3

DIRECTOR SELECTION

Review of Credentials

In consultation with the Board Chair, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee annually reviews the credentials of nominees for election or re-election as members of the Board of Directors. It considers their qualifications, the validity of the credentials underlying each nomination, and, for nominees who are already directors of the Company, an evaluation of their effectiveness and performance as members of the Board of Directors, including their attendance at Board and committee meetings. Board and Board committee members are expected to attend all meetings. As stated in our Corporate Governance Manual, any director who has attended less than 75% of meetings of the Board or meetings of committees on which they sit, for more than two consecutive years, without a valid reason for the absences, will not be renominated. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee monitors and is constantly on the lookout for new candidates for nomination to the Board of Directors and is mindful of the mandatory retirement dates of current directors.
 
Any director who has attended less than 75% of Board or committee meetings for more than two years without a valid reason will not be renominated.
  
Competency Matrix

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, together with the Board Chair, is responsible for determining the needs of the Board in the long term and identifying new candidates to stand as nominees for election or appointment as directors. The last few years, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board Chair focused on board renewal and succession in light of upcoming director retirements, with a view to expanding and completing the Board’s overall expertise in certain areas. The Board Chair and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee continue to engage in an on-going, in-depth succession planning process. Board renewal and succession has been an item at most meetings of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. In proposing the list of Board nominees, the Board of Directors is guided by the process described in our Corporate Governance Manual. As part of the process, the Board Chair, in consultation with the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, develops a competency matrix based on knowledge areas, types of expertise, gender and geographical representation, and identifies any gaps to be addressed in the director nomination process. The Board ensures that the skill set developed by directors, through their business expertise and experience, meets the needs of the Board. The Board also gives careful consideration to factors such as age, diversity (including gender), geographical location, competencies and experience of current directors, the suitability and performance of directors proposed for election, as well as his or her independence, qualifications, financial acumen, business judgment and board dynamics. This competency matrix is reviewed regularly by the Board Chair with Board members, and is updated as may be required.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee regularly reviews its competency matrix in light of upcoming director retirements, with a view of expanding the Board’s overall experience and expertise and filling any gaps so that the needs of the Board are met. The Committee and the Board have approved the matrix set out on page 26 of this Information Circular.

In order to assist the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board Chair in recommending candidates to become directors of CN, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has constituted, together with the Board Chair, an evergreen list of potential Board candidates, which it updates from time to time. Prior to nominating a new director for election or appointment, the Board Chair and the Chief Executive Officer meet with the candidate to discuss his or her interest and willingness to serve on CN’s Board, potential conflicts of interest, and his or her ability to devote sufficient time and energy to the Board of Directors.

This sustained and rigorous process in which CN attracts and recruits new members to its Board ultimately brings new perspectives and energy to the Board.

See following section on “Board Diversity” for additional information on director selection process.
 
 
An evergreen list of potential board candidates is maintained and updated from time to time.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 25
 
 

 
 
The following table identifies the competencies of each nominee for election to the Board of Directors, together with their gender, age range and tenure at CN.
 

(1)
Definition of competencies:

 
Sales/Marketing: Experience as a senior executive in a product, service or distribution company; experience in supply chain management and strong knowledge of CN’s markets, customers and strategy.

 
Finance/Accounting: Experience in corporate finance, overseeing complex financial transactions, investment management; experience in financial accounting and reporting, auditing, and internal controls.

 
Legal: Experience as a senior practicing lawyer either in private practice or the legal department of a major public entity.

 
Strategy: Experience in strategic planning and leading growth for a major public entity.

 
Human Resources: Experience in oversight of compensation programs, particularly compensation programs for executive level employees and incentive based compensation programs and experience with talent management, succession planning, leadership development and executive recruitment.

 
Engineering/Environment: Thorough understanding of the operations of the transportation industry (particularly the rail industry), environmental issues and transportation industry regulations.

 
Transport Industry/Safety: Knowledge and experience in the transportation industry, including strategic context and business and safety issues facing the transportation industry.

 
Public Policy: Experience in, or a strong understanding of, the workings of government and public policy in Canada and the United States.

Board Diversity

In an increasingly complex global marketplace, the ability to draw on a wide-range of viewpoints, backgrounds, skills, and experience is critical to the Company’s success. Further, director and nominee diversity helps to ensure that a wide-variety of different perspectives are brought to bear on issues, while enhancing the likelihood that proposed solutions will be nuanced and comprehensive. The Board believes that diversity is an important attribute of a well-functioning board. In selecting qualified candidates to serve as directors of the Company, a wide-range of aspects of diversity are considered, including gender, race, ethnicity, culture, and geography and measures ensuring that the Board, as a whole, reflects a range of viewpoints, backgrounds, skills, experience and expertise.
 
On March 10, 2015 the Board adopted a target of having a minimum representation of one-third of the Board by women by 2017.
 
CN believes that diversity, including gender diversity, at the board and executive officer levels of corporate leadership (and at all levels of the Company), can provide a number of potential benefits, including:
 
•  
access to a significant part of the potential relevant talent pool that can contribute to and lead in a variety of technical and other functional areas;

unique and tangible contributions, resulting from different perspectives, experiences, concerns and sensibilities, in product development, marketing, customer relations, mentoring and employee relations in a world of diverse customers and workforces;

the potential for richer discussion and debate at the executive and board level (and at other levels of management) that may ultimately increase effectiveness in their decision-making and advising functions;
 
executive teams and boards with diverse backgrounds increase the likelihood that the perspectives and concerns of all stakeholders are represented in discussions; and

signaling CN’s values to various stakeholders, including employees at all levels, shareholders, customers, communities, regulators and other government officials, and the public.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has developed a set of criteria for Board membership that strives to attain a diversity of background and skills for the Board.
 
26 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 
 
 

 
 
In the process of searching for qualified persons to serve on the Board, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee strives for the inclusion of diverse groups, knowledge, and viewpoints. To accomplish this, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may retain an executive search firm to help meet the Board’s diversity objective. In connection with its efforts to create and maintain a diverse Board, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has:

developed recruitment protocols that seek to include diverse candidates in any director search. These protocols take into account that qualified candidates may be found in a broad array of organizations, including academic institutions, privately held businesses, nonprofit organizations, professions such as accounting, human resources and legal services and trade associations, in addition to the traditional candidate pool of corporate directors and officers;

strived to use, to their fullest potential, the current network of organizations and trade groups that may help identify diverse candidates and may rely on executive search firms to identify diversity candidates as well; and
 
periodically reviewed director recruitment and selection protocols so that diversity remains a component of any director search.

Board Diversity Policy

CN believes that increasing the diversity of the Board to reflect the communities and customers CN serves is essential in maintaining a competitive focus. Increased board diversity can contribute to enhanced performance, ensuring the presence of valuable capabilities that non-diverse boards lack, and changing board dynamics in positive ways such as by enhancing the board’s ability to handle conflict with a wider disparity of viewpoints among directors from more varied backgrounds. CN also believes that a diverse board signals that diverse perspectives are important to the Company, and that CN is committed to inclusion, not only in principle but also in practice. Further, as a result of CN’s commitment to diversity CN has access to a wider pool of talent and a broader mix of leadership skills.

On March 10, 2015, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee recommended, and the Board approved, a diversity policy for the Board. It provides that the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, which is responsible for recommending director nominees to the Board, will consider candidates on merit, based on a balance of skills, background, experience and knowledge. In identifying the highest quality directors, the Committee will take into account diversity considerations such as gender, age and ethnicity, with a view of ensuring that the Board benefits from a broader range of perspectives and relevant experience. The Committee will also set measurable objectives for achieving diversity and recommend them to the Board for adoption on an annual basis. Pursuant to the policy, the Board adopted a target of having a minimum representation of one-third of the Board by women, by 2017. The Board Diversity Policy is available on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance.

In addition, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee ­considers the level of representation of women on the Board by overseeing the selection process and ensuring that sufficient numbers of women and other diverse candidates are included in the slate of candidates for Board of Directors consideration. Following the Board’s discussion in 2012 about the importance of diversity to the Board, CN recruited Laura Stein who has a strong public company background in ethics and compliance, corporate communications, crisis management, risk management, finance and internal audit matters. Laura Stein was elected to the board as of April 23, 2014, increasing the total number of women on the Board to three, or 27% of the Board nominees in 2015.

Diversity and Senior Management

The Company is committed to having a diverse senior management group which offers a depth of perspectives and enhances the Company’s operations.

In fulfilling part of its oversight role, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee has reviewed CN’s integrated approach to executive and high-potential talent management and succession planning, ensuring a pipeline of leaders is in place to drive both short and long-term performance. The Committee considered processes and practices for leadership development and reviewed the depth of succession pools for senior leadership roles across the Company.

In this regard, CN has developed and implemented a number of Company-wide and innovative diversity initiatives relating to women. These initiatives provide training, development and mentorship opportunities to assist female employees at CN to:

understand opportunities for personal and professional growth within the Company;

further develop their confidence in operations;

build strong partnerships with fellow employees and communities where CN has operations; and

gain access to mentoring and networking opportunities.

Company-wide diversity hiring targets have been established in Canada. In 2014, our “Women in Operations Council” was launched with strong executive level sponsorship. In 2015, internships will be expanded to provide additional learning opportunities for women. With upcoming retirements and development actions, we will have the opportunity to place diverse talent at more senior levels. These actions, in line with our continuing education and training initiatives, create additional positions for diversity within our organization. In 2014, approximately 19% of promotions in Canada were filled by women (women represent 10% of our Canadian employees overall). The number of women hired in skilled trade positions has more than doubled on a year-over-year basis.

As at December 31, 2014, four of CN’s 28 executive officers were women, representing 14% of the executive officer population. Although no gender diversity targets have been established specifically for senior executive positions, CN promotes an inclusive and diverse hiring approach that supports the recruitment of female candidates and provides opportunities for their advancement. Specific targets or quotas for gender diversity are not currently used for senior executive positions as appointments are based on a balance of criteria, including merit, experience and competency of the individual at the relevant time. Nonetheless, executive officer appointments are reviewed with our diversity and talent management objectives in mind, including the level of representation of women in executive officer positions.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 27
 
 
 
 

 
  
CN’s commitment to diversity and inclusion initiatives focuses on the following areas: minorities, women, persons with disabilities, aboriginals in Canada and veterans in the U.S. In 2014, approximately 26% of CN’s new employees in Canada and 23% in the U.S. were hired from these segments.

Supported by executive management and the Board, these initiatives represent the Board’s and CN’s commitment to diversity and inclusion across the Company.

Common Directorships

With a view to further strengthen directors’ independence, the Board has adopted a policy pursuant to which a director shall not accept the invitation to join an outside board on which a director of CN already sits without previously obtaining the approval of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. In addition, the Board has adopted a policy, which is included in our Corporate Governance Manual, to the effect that no more than two of the Company’s directors should generally serve on the same outside board or outside board committee.

As of February 27, 2015, no members of our Board of Directors served together on the boards of other public companies.
 
No Board members sit together on the Board of another public company.

Number of Directorships

CN recognizes that Board membership requires a significant dedication of time. As a result, the number of boards on which an individual can serve is necessarily limited. With a view to taking reasonable steps to ensure the ability of each candidate to make the commitment of time necessary to be a director of CN, the Board will apply the following guidelines when considering candidates to become directors of CN:

for candidates that are chief executive officers or other senior executives of public corporations, the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than two (2) public corporation directorships (excluding CN’s Board) in addition to membership on the board of the corporation at which an individual is employed;

for candidates that have a full-time employment with non-public corporations or other entities and for full-time employees of public corporations (other than chief executive officers or senior executives of such public corporations), the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than four (4) public corporation directorships (excluding CN’s Board) in addition to membership on the board of the corporation at which an individual is employed; and

for other candidates, the Board will prefer individuals who hold no more than five (5) public corporation directorships (excluding CN’s Board).

Directors are expected to provide the Board Chair with information as to all boards of directors that they sit on or that they have been asked to join so as to allow the Board to determine whether it is appropriate for such director to continue to serve as a member of the Board or of a Board Committee. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board Chair will apply Board nominee selection criteria, including directors’ past contributions to the Board and availability to devote sufficient time to fulfill their responsibilities, prior to recommending directors for re-election for another term.

The biographies on pages 10 to 15 of this Information Circular identify the other reporting issuers of which each nominee is a director.

Retirement from the Board

The Board has adopted a policy on the mandatory retirement age for directors whereby a director would not, unless otherwise determined by the Board, in its discretion, be nominated for re-election at the annual meeting of shareholders following his or her 75th birthday. In addition, directors are expected to inform the Board Chair of any major change in their principal occupation so that the Board will have the opportunity to decide the appropriateness of such director’s continuance as a member of the Board or of a Board committee. The Board of Directors has not deemed it appropriate or necessary to limit the number of terms a director may serve on the Board, except as set out below.

Board Tenure and Term Limits

The Board has also adopted a policy, which is part CN’s Corporate Governance Manual, to the effect that the Board Chair and the Committee Chair tenure would be subject to term limits. The Board of Directors is of the view that CN’s policy on Chair term limits, together with its policy on mandatory retirement age, establishes a mechanism that ensures Board Chair and committee chair renewal, provides a fresh perspective in the boardroom and improves the Board’s ability to plan its composition over a longer period of time.
 
Our policy on term limits, together with our policy on mandatory retirement age, ensures a fresh perspective in the boardroom.

Effective as of April 23, 2014, but without regard to past service, CN’s Board Chair will serve for a term of five (5) years, renewable for one further three (3) year term, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors to further extend the term, if deemed appropriate. At the end of the term(s) as Board Chair, the departing Board Chair would not stand for election as a Director of CN at the next annual shareholders’ meeting. The above term(s) for the Board Chair would remain subject to the mandatory retirement age limit of 75 years of age.

Effective as of April 23, 2014, but without regard to past service, committee chairs will serve for a term of three (3) years, renewable for one further two (2) year term, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors to further extend the term, if deemed appropriate.

In each of the above instances, the election or appointment of the CN Board Chair or committee chairs, respectively, remains subject to annual review and election/appointment.

The Board retains its discretion to extend the above term limits, which will preserve its ability to deal with special circumstances warranting the extension of the mandate.
 
28 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
The Board has implemented a comprehensive assessment process.
The following chart shows the tenure of the Company’s Board as of April 21, 2015:



Please refer to the director nominees’ biographies on pages 10 to 15 for details regarding length of Board tenure of each nominee for election as directors.

Director Emeritus
The Board of Directors confers, from time to time, the honorary status of Director Emeritus to retiring or former directors who have made significant contributions to the Board through long and distinguished service and accomplishments. Currently, lifetime emeritus status has been bestowed upon the late Purdy Crawford, as well as Raymond Cyr, James Gray, Cedric Ritchie, Michael Armellino, Hugh Bolton and David McLean as Chairman Emeritus.

Directors Emeritus are invited to attend the annual meeting of shareholders and certain Company or Board events taking place in their geographic area of residence and are reimbursed for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at such events.
 

BOARD PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Process

The Board of Directors has implemented, and reviews, from time to time, a comprehensive process to annually assess its effectiveness, the effectiveness of its committees, the Board Chair, the committee chairs and individual directors. This process is under the supervision of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board Chair and is comprised of the following steps:
 
The Board has implemented a comprehensive assessment process.

The following questionnaires are prepared by the Office of the Corporate Secretary and approved by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board Chair, taking into account current issues, the findings of previous years and input from the Board of Directors:

 
Board and committee performance evaluation questionnaires, including a self-assessment by individual directors;

 
Board Chair evaluation questionnaire; and

 
Committee Chair evaluation questionnaires.

Each questionnaire is then sent to every director and a complete set of the responses is forwarded to the Board Chair, except for the responses to the evaluation questionnaire relating to the Board Chair, which is forwarded directly to each of the Chairs of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Human Resources and Compensation Committee.
 
Following receipt of the completed questionnaires, the Board Chair contacts every director and conducts open and confidential one-on-one meetings. The purpose of these meetings is to discuss the answers received from and in respect of each director, to take into account any comments which the director may have and to review the self-evaluation of each director. One of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee or Human Resources and Compensation Committee Chairs also discusses individually with each director his or her responses and comments on the Board Chair evaluation questionnaire

Reports are then made by the Board Chair, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and Human Resources and Compensation Committee Chairs to the Board of Directors, with suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the Board of Directors, Board committees, Board and committee chairs, and separately to individual directors in respect of their personal performance.

The Board Chair and committee chairs take into consideration the overall results and suggestions derived from the annual Board performance assessment in order to improve the functioning and activities of the Board and Board committees.

Independent Advisor

In addition to the above-mentioned process, the Board may, from time to time, hire an independent advisor to assist the Board of Directors in independently assessing the performance of the Board of Directors, Board committees, Board and committee chairs and individual directors.

Peer Assessment

The Board Chair leads on an annual basis a peer review process through one-on-one meetings with each individual director. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee also considers on an annual basis the appropriateness of conducting a peer assessment through an independent advisor.

The Board performance assessment process is further described in CN’s Corporate Governance Manual which is available on our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance.
 

DIRECTOR ORIENTATION
AND CONTINUING EDUCATION

Orientation

Our orientation program includes presentations by the Company’s ­officers on CN’s organizational structure and the nature and operation of its business, a review with the Board Chair of the methods of operation and the roles of the Board and its committees, a discussion on the contribution individual directors are expected to make and access to appropriate information or outside resources as required. New directors are provided with the following: a Directors’ handbook containing corporate and other information required to familiarize themselves with the Company, its organization and operations and CN’s key corporate governance and public disclosure documents, including CN’s Corporate Governance Manual and board and committee charters; information regarding the review process for the Board, its committees and their chairs, and individual directors; CN’s important policies and procedures, including CN’s Code of Business Conduct; and organizational charts and other business orientation materials, including CN’s Investor Fact Book, sustainability and safety brochures, financial statements and regulatory information.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 29
 
 

 

In addition, meetings are arranged with new directors and members of CN’s Leadership team to provide an overview of their areas of responsibility and their function/department. These areas include finance, corporate services, marketing, operations, human resources and investor relations.

New directors also receive presentations by the Company’s officers on CN’s business and operations, safety, community outreach initiatives and talent development, amongst others. New directors are also invited to attend the following Company events:

Annual top 200 business plan;

Annual sales meetings;

Industry conferences or CN’s analyst/investor meetings;

Leadership training sessions and dinners with participants; and

Other company events on an ad hoc basis.

In addition, new directors are encouraged to visit sites across CN’s network relating to the Company’s operations. These sites include mechanical and car shops, intermodal and engineering groups, data centres, training centres, railway yards and ports.

Continuing Education

The Board recognizes the importance of ongoing director education and the need for each director to take personal responsibility for this process. To facilitate ongoing education, the Company:

maintains a membership for each director in an organization dedicated to corporate governance and ongoing director education;

each year strongly encourages and funds the attendance of each director at seminars or conferences of interest and relevance;

encourages presentations by outside experts to the Board or committees on matters of particular importance or emerging significance; and
 
at least annually, holds a Board meeting at or near an operating site or other facility of the Company, a key customer, supplier or affiliated company.

The Board Chair arranges for Board members to have access to education and information on an ongoing basis pertaining to Board effectiveness and the best practices associated with successful boards, briefings on factors or emerging trends that may be relevant to the Company’s business strategy and other material as deemed appropriate by the Board Chair. The Company also makes available, at its cost, a host of educational programs provided by leading institutions. We encourage directors to attend seminars and other educational programs and to report back to the Board on the quality of such programs. Educational reading materials on corporate governance and other topics are also included in the materials provided to the Board in advance of meetings.

In 2014, Board members were provided with educational reading materials and presentations on a variety of matters and topics, including corporate governance, executive compensation, executive succession planning, shareholders and shareholder associations, key accounting considerations, financial strategy, risk management and disclosure, and Canadian and U.S. securities law developments. The Board regularly received updates and reports by CN’s internal counsel on regulatory matters of importance and emerging issues of significance, such as diversity, safety and risk mitigation, to CN and the railway industry.

In addition, in 2014 members of the Board attended external courses in subject areas which included anti-trust law, trends in law and business, data security, compensation strategies, safety training, enterprise risk management and board succession and renewal.

Directors also interacted with executive and senior management at every board meeting and received regular and extensive presentations on matters of strategic importance to the Company’s business, including presentations on its customer engagement initiatives, safety, stakeholder and community outreach initiatives, business growth strategy, operating plans, supply chain strategy, car management, CN’s sustainability initiatives and regulatory matters relevant to the business of the Company.

Moreover, the directors have, from time to time, been provided with first-hand opportunities to visit certain sites where CN has made ­significant investments, such as the intermodal terminals in Prince George and at the Port of Prince Rupert. They have also visited certain CN main yards, as well as our Information Technology command center, Kirk Yard and the EJ&E properties in the United States. In 2014, the Board visited CN’s new state-of-the-art training center in Winnipeg, Manitoba where they participated in locomotive, belt pack and crane simulators. They were briefed on various operational practices and technologies including hot box detectors, switches, handbrake applications, wheel and welding shops. The Board attended classes and met with training participants. During such events, the Board had the opportunity to interact with CN officers to gain a full appreciation of CN’s modernized training program and to learn more about CN’s overall operations. In addition, the Board visited the Port of Montreal, an important supply chain partner. Directors also attend community dinners and other company events throughout the year.

 
30 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

 
The following table lists seminars and courses by external providers, as well as dedicated internal sessions and presentations on key CN subject matters, that the directors of the Company attended in 2014 and early 2015.

SUBJECT MATTER/TOPIC PRESENTED
PRESENTED/HOSTED BY
ATTENDED BY
SAFETY
CN Corporate Services
All directors
• Emergency Response Co-operation
CN Operations
 
• Safety Practices
   
CUSTOMER RELATIONS
CN Marketing
All directors
• CustomerFIRST Initiatives
CN Operations
Strategic Planning Committee members
• Supply Chain Monitoring Tools
   
• Customer Survey
   
• Balancing Operational and Service Excellence
   
INVESTOR RELATIONS
CN Investor Relations
All directors
• Shareholders
   
• Shareholder Associations
   
MARKETING
CN Marketing
All directors
• Grain Business
CN Network Strategies
Strategic Planning Committee members
• Export Supply Chain
   
• Energy Sector
   
• LNG Projects
   
FINANCE
External Auditors KPMG
Audit Committee members
• KPMG Training Session
CN Accounting
 
• Investor Financial Perspectives RBC Capital Markets All directors
• Shareholder Distributions and Capital Structure
Wells Fargo Securities
 
SUSTAINABILITY
Downstream Consulting at IHS/Purvin & Gertz
All directors
• Environmental Stewardship
CN Corporate Services
 
• Workforce Renewal and Training Excellence CN Operations  
  CN Human Resources  
TECHNOLOGY
CN Information Technology
All directors
• Business Intelligence
CN Operations
 
• Enhanced Risk Mitigation Through Process and Technology
   
LAW
CN Corporate Services
All directors
• Competition Bureau Update
   
• CTA Review Update
   
 


STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

CN is recognized as a company that delivers responsibly, is a key part of the solution for customers, and a true backbone of the economy. Over the year, we continued to deepen the Company’s sustainability agenda — moving customer goods safely and efficiently, ensuring environmental stewardship, attracting and developing the best railroaders, adhering to the highest ethical standards and building safer, stronger communities. In broad terms, the Company continued its stakeholder activities:

engaging with governments as a participant on advisory councils, review boards and regulatory proceedings;

investment community outreach;

working collaboratively with supply chain partners;

participating in industry associations (Railway Association of Canada; Association of American Railroads);

engaging with suppliers at our annual supplier council and through our Sustainable Procurement Excellence program;

strengthening our relationships and improving our communication with customers;

ensuring the opportunity for regular two-way communication with employees;

structured community engagement; and

open dialogue with Aboriginal peoples.

Specifically on the safety front, CN actively engaged communities across its network, meeting with emergency responders and elected officials, providing training and expertise and sharing relevant information on dangerous goods shipments.

Throughout 2014, CN also continued its support of hundreds of CN railroaders in the Community who are champions in the causes they choose to support. CN granted C$690,000 to support its employees, their families and pensioners in their volunteer efforts.
 
In 2014, CN received a number of awards and recognition including:

•   Recognition by the Dow Jones sustainability index as both a North American and a world leader in the transportation and transportation infrastructure sector

•   Recognition by CDP as a carbon disclosure leader by being awarded with a position on the A list: the CDP climate performance leadership index 2014

•   Awards by Investor Relations Magazine in the following categories (among others): best corporate governance, best investor community meetings and global top 50 company for Investor Relations

•  Recognition by Corporate Knights as top 50 Corporate Citizens in Canada
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 31
 
 

 
 
As well, our Investor Relations department actively engages with the broad investment community, including shareholders, analysts, potential investors, as well as shareholder advocacy groups, to provide public information on the Company, as well as to address any specific questions or concerns. We have in place various means of communication for receiving feedback from interested parties, such as a toll-free number for general inquiries (1-888-888-5909). The Board of Directors also adopted procedures allowing interested parties (i) to submit accounting and auditing complaints or concerns to us and (ii) to communicate directly with the Chair of the Board, who presides over all non-executive director sessions. These procedures are described on our website at www.cn .ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance.
 

AUDIT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURE

National Instrument 52-110 — Audit Committees (“NI 52-110”) of the CSA requires issuers to include the charter of their audit committee and disclose information with respect to the composition, education and experience of the members of their audit committees, as well as all fees paid to external auditors in their annual information form. We comply with the requirements regarding composition and responsibilities, as summarized hereinafter, and we refer to our Annual Information Form — section “10.2 Audit Committee Disclosure” and “Schedule A” — available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on our website at www.cn.ca, under Investors for a description of the education and relevant experience of the Audit Committee members and with regards to the charter of our Audit Committee.

Composition of the Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is composed of six independent directors, namely, Donald J. Carty, Chair of the Committee, Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin, The Hon. Denis Losier, James E. O’Connor, Robert L. Phillips and Laura Stein. The Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, Mr. Giffin, is a required member of the Audit Committee, as provided for in the charter of the Audit Committee. No member of the Audit Committee receives, other than in his or her capacity as a director or member of a Board committee, directly or indirectly, any fee from the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, nor is an affiliated person of the Company, or any subsidiary of the Company.

MANDATE OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

As further described below, the Audit Committee’s responsibilities can be divided into four categories:

overseeing financial reporting;

monitoring risk management and internal controls;

monitoring internal auditors; and

monitoring external auditors.

OVERSEEING FINANCIAL REPORTING

The mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the committee is responsible for reviewing, with management and the external auditors, the annual and quarterly financial statements of the Company and accompanying information, including the Company’s MD&A disclosure and earnings press releases, prior to their release, filing and distribution. The mandate also provides that the Committee should review the procedures in place for the review of the Company’s disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company’s financial statements and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.

The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing the financial information contained in the annual information form and other reports or documents, financial or otherwise, requiring Board approval.

Furthermore, the Audit Committee is in charge of reviewing the results of the external audit, any significant problems encountered in performing the audit, and management’s response and/or action plan related to any issue identified by the external auditors and any significant recommendations relating thereto.

MONITORING RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROLS

The Audit Committee is responsible for receiving periodically ­management’s report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of CN’s disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control. The mandate of the Audit Committee also provides that the Committee must review CN’s risk assessment and risk management policies.

The Audit Committee is also responsible for assisting the Board with the oversight of CN’s compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Additionally, the mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the ­Committee must establish procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, or employee concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters, while insuring confidentiality and anonymity. CN has adopted such procedures. Please refer to the Corporate Governance section of our website at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance for more details on these procedures.

MONITORING INTERNAL AUDITORS

The Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that the Chief Internal Auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee, and for regularly monitoring the internal audit function’s performance, its responsibilities, staffing, budget and the compensation of its members. It further annually reviews the internal audit plan and ensures that the internal auditors are accountable to the Audit Committee.

MONITORING EXTERNAL AUDITORS

The mandate of the Audit Committee states that the Committee is responsible for recommending the retention and, if appropriate, the removal of external auditors, evaluating and remunerating them, and monitoring their qualifications, performance and independence.

The Audit Committee is also in charge of approving and overseeing the disclosure of all audit, review and attestation services provided by the external auditors, determining which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing, and pre-approving and overseeing the disclosure of permitted non-audit services by the external auditors.

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the external auditors and discussing with them the quality and not just the acceptability of the Company’s accounting principles, including any material written communications between the Company and the external auditors (including disagreements, if any, with management and the resolution thereof).

The Audit Committee also reviews at least annually, the formal written statement from the external auditors stating all relationships the external auditors have with CN and confirming their independence.

The mandate of the Audit Committee also provides that the Committee is responsible for reviewing hiring policies for employees or former employees of the Company’s firm of external auditors.

 
32 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 

Furthermore, the mandate of the Audit Committee states that the Audit Committee may retain independent advisors to help it carry out its responsibilities, including fixing such advisors’ fees and retention terms, subject to advising the Board Chair. The Committee makes arrangements for the appropriate funding for payment of the external auditors and any advisors retained by it. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee also has direct communication channels with the internal and external auditors to discuss and review specific issues as appropriate. The internal and external auditors must meet separately with the Audit Committee, without management, twice a year, and more frequently as required.

The Audit Committee met five (5) times in 2014 and held in camera sessions at each meeting. The report of the Audit Committee, set forth in Schedule “B” to this Information Circular, outlines the major subject areas reviewed by the Committee during the year, in compliance with its mandate.

NON-AUDIT SERVICES

The mandate of the Audit Committee provides that the Audit Committee determines which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing, approves audit services and pre-approves permitted non-audit services to be provided by the external auditors. CN’s Audit Committee and the Board of Directors have adopted resolutions prohibiting the Company from engaging KPMG LLP to provide certain non-audit services to the Company and its subsidiaries, including bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements, financial information systems design and implementation, appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions, contribution in-kind reports, actuarial services, internal audit outsourcing services, management functions or human resources functions, broker or dealer, investment adviser, or investment banking services and legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit. Pursuant to such resolutions, the Company may engage KPMG LLP to provide non-audit services, including tax services, other than the prohibited services listed above, but only if the services have specifically been pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
 
The external auditors are prohibited from providing certain non-audit services.

Audit Committee Report Regarding Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Audit Committee received periodically management’s report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control in respect of the 2014 fiscal year. The Company’s external auditors, KPMG LLP, are responsible for performing an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) in the U.S., and an independent audit of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. These audits serve as a basis for KPMG LLP’s opinions addressing whether the consolidated financial statements fairly present our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

The Audit Committee has discussed with KPMG LLP the matters required to be discussed by the PCAOB Auditing Standards No. 16 (Communication With Audit Committees) and Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada (“CPA”) Handbook — Assurance Section 260 (Communications With Those Charged With Governance) including matters relating to the conduct of the audit of our financial statements and the assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

KPMG LLP provided the Committee with written disclosures and the letter required by Rule 3526 of the PCAOB. The Audit Committee has discussed with KPMG LLP the firm’s independence from the Company. A formal written statement describing all relationships between KPMG LLP and the Company was remitted to the Audit Committee and it includes a written confirmation that KPMG LLP are independent within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulation and are independent public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards, including the independence rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and Rule 3520 of the PCAOB.

Based on this review and these discussions, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements be filed with Canadian securities regulators and included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed with the SEC.

Education and Relevant Experience of the Audit Committee Members

The Board of Directors believes that the composition of the Audit Committee reflects a high level of financial literacy and experience. As required in the charter of the Audit Committee, all members of the Audit Committee are financially literate, as such term is defined under Canadian securities laws and regulations and the NYSE Standards, and several members of the Committee meet all criteria to be designated as “audit committee financial expert” under the rules of the SEC. The Board has made such determination based on the education and experience of each Committee member.

In determining if a director is an “audit committee financial expert”, the Board considers if the director is a person who has: (a) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; (b) the ability to assess the general application of such accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (c) experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; (d) an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and (e) an understanding of audit committee functions.

All members of the Audit Committee are financially literate and several members are audit committee financial experts.

 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 33
 
 

 
 

STATEMENT OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION


DEAR SHAREHOLDER:

On behalf of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) and the Board of Directors of Canadian National Railway Company (“CN” or the “Company”), we are pleased to share with you our approach to executive compensation. Our annual “Say on Pay” advisory vote received strong support in 2014 with 97.7% of the votes cast in favour of our disciplined approach to executive compensation. CN remains committed to transparency by providing clear and comprehensive disclosure information to its shareholders.

2014 Overview

2014 marked the fifth year since Mr. Mongeau’s appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer (the “President and CEO”). The experienced executive team of Named Executive Officers (the “NEOs”) has been stable since his appointment in 2010 with only the Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer position turning over in 2013 with the appointment of Mr. Jim Vena. Since Mr. Mongeau’s appointment, the share price has increased by 179% on the TSX for an annualized return of 23%. The market capitalization of CN has increased by C$38B and the Company attained the fourth largest market capitalization in Canada at the end of 2014.

CN continued to deliver solid financial results in 2014 despite brutal winter conditions which impacted operations in the first quarter of the year. Our 2014 financial results are a testimony to the dedication and hard working attitude of CN’s railroaders who showed resilience despite exceptional weather and operational circumstances. CN remains committed to maintain its industry leading position by balancing operational and service excellence, delivering superior growth at low incremental cost, building a solid team of railroaders and actively engaging stakeholders.

 
2014 STRETCH
OBJECTIVE (1)
 
2014 ACTUAL
 
IN MILLIONS
(EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
C$
C$
INCREASE
VS. 2013
RESULTS
INCREASE
VS. 2014
STRETCH
OBJECTIVES
Revenues (2) ($M)
$11,819
$12,134
+ 14.7%
+ 2.7%
Operating Income ($M)
$4,454
$4,624
+ 19.4%
+ 3.8%
EPS
$3.55
$3.85
+ 24.6%
+ 8.5%
Free Cash Flow ($M)
$1,794
$2,220
+ 36.8%
+ 23.7%
ROIC
15.90%
17.36%
+ 84bps
+ 146bps

(1)
Adjusted for currency.

(2)
Adjusted to reflect actual fuel surcharges.

Disciplined Approach to Compensation

CN’s approach to executive compensation is driven by our goal to deliver sustainable and solid returns to shareholders. CN exercises a disciplined approach to executive compensation by ensuring that target compensation, while reasonable, supports attraction and retention of executive talent. In addition, compensation programs are structured to provide leverage within its short and long-term incentive plans, with strong ties between realized pay and shareholder returns.

Long-term growth and value creation remain central to our pay strategy and targets are set to ensure that our compensation policies do not encourage undue risk-taking on the part of our executives. In some instances, performance criteria are used under both short and long-term performance plans to ensure that a profitable short-term decision shall not have an adverse effect on our long-term performance. CN’s executive compensation program also supports safe and reliable operations, environmentally and socially responsible practices, industry leading returns and the attraction and retention of skilled employees.

CN’s executive compensation policy aims to position total direct compensation between the median and the 60th percentile of the executives’ respective comparator group. Our disciplined approach to compensation has resulted in an overall aggregate positioning of all executives’ total direct compensation close to the median as confirmed by Towers Watson’s review in December 2014.

Compensation Decisions in 2014

Compensation of the NEOs has been paid in U.S. dollars since 2002 in order to provide for a more precise, meaningful and stable comparison with U.S. denominated salaries of incumbents in equivalent positions within the comparator group. Given that Canadian securities laws require that the compensation information provided in the Summary Compensation Table and other prescribed tables be stated in Canadian dollars, currency fluctuations can impact the year-over-year comparability of compensation levels. The Committee believes that the Company’s comparator group and the U.S. dollar denominated approach to compensation for the NEOs is appropriate and, combined with a disciplined approach to compensation, provides a competitive compensation envelope.

BASE SALARY AND ANNUAL INCENTIVE BONUS PLAN

CN’s policy for base salaries and target bonus is to be at the 50th percentile of the comparator group. In 2014, the target bonus of the NEOs other than the President and CEO was increased from 70% to 80% of base salary to increase the weighting of at risk pay and better align with prevailing target bonus levels across the Class I railroad industry. Concurrent with the change in the bonus target, the base salary of these four (4) NEOs was kept unchanged in 2014. Furthermore, with the exception of Mr. Vena who was promoted in 2013, the Committee decided to keep base salaries unchanged in 2015 for all NEOs, including the President and CEO.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PROGRAM

The Long-Term Incentive (the “LTI”) valuation methodology for bench-mark, grant and disclosure purposes has been revised to reinforce alignment throughout the compensation review process. Starting in 2014, the disclosed LTI value in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56 will be calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. The same methodology will also be used for benchmarking and grant purposes to ensure consistency throughout the full compensation process.

 
34 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


TOTAL COMPENSATION

On a constant currency and LTI valuation basis, the total compensation change for the President and CEO decreased by 2.8% and 4.8% on average for the other NEOs in 2014 and results in an aggregate positioning close to the median of the comparator group. The Board believes the compensation awarded to the President and CEO and to the other NEOs adequately reflects their leadership and performance in driving CN’s business agenda.

Incentive Plan Changes in 2015

In 2014, the Committee continued its review of CN’s compensation programs and approved changes that will take effect in 2015 and reinforce the link between executive pay and shareholder interests. CN’s Share Unit Plan will now include a new set of Relative Total Shareholder Return (the “Relative TSR”) performance measures which will represent 30% of the Performance Share Units (the “PSUs”) grant value. Concurrent with the introduction of these new performance measures, the LTI mix will evolve to lower weighting on stock options. The maximum payout range for PSUs will be increased from 150% to 200% to align with the prevailing payout range for all Class I Railroads. PSU payments at the end of the performance cycle will be made in CN common shares purchased on the open market rather than cash. Finally, the minimum service condition which supports retention of key contributors close to retirement, has been increased to 15 months in an effort to maintain retention of such key contributors during the critical winter period. A detailed explanation of the changes that will be implemented in 2015 is presented on page 50.
 
Compensation Risk Mitigation

Our compensation programs are designed to encourage appropriate behaviours and include appropriate risk mitigation mechanisms. In 2014, following a review of the Company’s compensation policies, programs and practices, Towers Watson conducted its annual review and concluded that there do not appear to be significant risks arising from CN’s compensation programs that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Based on the adjustment to the LTI design performed in 2014 that will apply in 2015, Towers Watson also indicated that “the increased weight on PSUs in the LTI mix and the introduction of the relative TSR measure align with both competitive market trends and “best practice” governance standards”. At its December 2014 meeting, the Committee reviewed the Towers Watson risk assessment report and supported its conclusions. In its own assessment, the Committee has determined that proper risk mitigation features are in place within the Company’s compensation programs.
 
Conclusion

Executive compensation is an important topic and the Committee is committed to ensuring that CN’s executive compensation remains competitive, linked to performance and based on a disciplined approach. We encourage you to cast your advisory “Say on Pay” vote in favor of CN’s approach to executive compensation and we hope that the following information will assist you in making an informed decision. The Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and other members will be present during the Meeting to answer questions you may have about our executive compensation. We believe that our approach to executive compensation supports the execution of our strategic plan and we remain committed to developing compensation programs that will continue to be aligned with our shareholders’ interest.



(Signed) Robert Pace
Robert Pace
Chair of the Board

 
(Signed) Gordon D. Giffin
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee

 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 35
 
 
 

 
 

HUMAN RESOURCES AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

Composition of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee

All CN independent directors are members of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee. All members have a thorough understanding of compensation policies and principles related to executive compensation and have experience in human resources and compensation matters. Furthermore, members are also members of other committees of the Board and this overlap provides for a strong link between committees’ risk oversight responsibilities.

The following is a description of the education, skills and experience of each member of the Committee as at the date of this Information Circular that are relevant to the performance of his/her responsibilities as a member of the Committee, including skills and experience enabling the Committee to make decisions on the suitability of the Company’s compensation policies and practices:

Mr. Baillie is the retired chair and Chief Executive Officer of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. As Chief Executive Officer, the head of the human resources department reported directly to his office. Mr. Baillie is a member of the Governance, Human Resource, Nominating and Compensation Committee at George Weston Limited and has been chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of TELUS Corporation. He has also served on the human resources committees of various other public companies.

Mr. Carty spent 30 years in the airline business before retiring as Vice-Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Dell, Inc. Mr. Carty has experience in developing and implementing compensation plans and performance-based goals for executive and enterprise-wide personnel. Mr. Carty serves as chair of the Human Resources Committee of Talisman Energy and is actively involved in human resources as Chair of the Board of Directors of the following companies: Porter Airlines Inc., Virgin America Inc. and Research Now Group, Inc.
 
Mr. Giffin is Senior Partner of the law firm of McKenna Long & Aldridge, where he maintains offices in Washington, D.C. and Atlanta. His practice focuses on international transactions and trade matters and public policy. He has been engaged in the practice of law or government service for more than thirty-five years. Mr. Giffin was United States Ambassador to Canada from August 1997 to April 2001 and had responsibility for personnel matters. Mr. Giffin serves as chair of the board of TransAlta Corporation, as a member of the Management Resources and Compensation Committee of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and as a member of the Governance and Compensation Committee of Element Financial Corporation.
 
Ms. Holiday has extensive experience serving as a board member for different companies such as Hess Corporation, RTI International Metals, Inc. and White Mountains Insurance Group, Ltd. and has served on the board of H.J. Heinz Company. As General Counsel at the United States Treasury Department and as Secretary of the Cabinet at The White House, Ms. Holiday was in charge of the supervision of approximately 2,200 lawyers.
 
Ms. Kempston Darkes was Group Vice-President of General Motors Corporation. She was responsible for supervising human resources and compensation activities. As President Latin America, Africa and Middle East of General Motors Corporation and as President of General Motors of Canada Limited, Ms. Kempston Darkes supervised the senior head of human resources, who reported directly to her office. Ms. Kempston Darkes currently serves on the Compensation and Human Resources Committees of Balfour Beatty Plc. and Enbridge Inc. and has served on the Compensation and Human Resources Committees of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. and Irving Oil Inc.

Mr. Losier was the President and Chief Executive Officer, Assumption Life. As Chief Executive Officer, the Vice-President of Human Resources reported directly to Mr. Losier. Mr. Losier has worked with consultants to assess Assumption Life’s human resources practices and benefits and to measure the competitiveness of its executive compensation policies and practices. In addition, Mr. Losier gained human resources experience by actively participating and developing a leadership succession and development plan in anticipation of his retirement as Chief Executive Officer of Assumption Life. Mr. Losier has also been involved in succession planning for other publicly traded companies.
 
Mr. Lumley was a Member of Parliament from 1974 to 1984, during which time he held various cabinet portfolios in the Government of Canada. As Minister of the Crown for six cabinet portfolios, he was responsible for many Crown corporations employing thousands of employees. Mr. Lumley has served on the human resources committees of nine public companies and chaired six of them over the years. As chairman of Noranda Manufacturing Group of Companies he was responsible for eight individual operating companies.

Mr. Lynch held various senior positions in the Government of Canada, including as Clerk of the Privy Council, Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Public Service of Canada where he was responsible for the overall management of 263,000 employees in 80 departments and agencies of the Canadian government. Mr. Lynch is a member of the Leadership Council of the Bank of Montreal, the Chair of the Corporate Governance Committee of Empire Company Ltd. and a member of the Human Resources Committee of Empire Company Ltd.
 
Mr. O’Connor was chair of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Republic Services, one of the largest waste management companies in the U.S., and was involved in various human resources and compensation matters. Mr. O’Connor also serves as a director on the Board of Clean Energy Fuels Corporation.

Mr. Pace is the Chair of CN’s Board of Directors and President and Chief Executive Officer of The Pace Group and human resources officers within the Group report directly to him. Mr. Pace has more than 25 years of business experience. Between 2005 and 2013, Mr. Pace was the Chair of CN’s Human Resources and Compensation Committee.

 
36 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


Mr. Phillips served as President and Chief Executive Officer of various companies, including Dreco Energy Services Ltd, PTI Group Inc. and British Columbia Railway Corporation where he gained in depth exposure to human resources and compensation matters. He currently serves on the Human Resources and Compensation Committees of Precision Drilling Corporation, Canadian Western Bank, MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates Ltd and West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd.

Ms. Stein currently serves as Executive Vice-President — General Counsel at The Clorox Company. She also served as Senior Vice-President and General Counsel at H.J. Heinz Company. Ms. Stein gained extensive human resources and compensation experience through the review and execution of compensation matters for both companies. Ms. Stein has also been engaged with shareholders’ advisory groups on various compensation matters.

The following table summarizes the Committee members’ human resources and compensation-related experience:
 
 
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS
 
WITH VERY STRONG
AREA OF EXPERIENCE
OR STRONG EXPERIENCE
Membership on HR committees
12/12
100%
Organizational exposure to the HR function
12/12
100%
Leadership and succession planning, talent development
12/12
100%
Approval of employment contracts
11/12
92%
Development/oversight of incentive programs
12/12
100%
Oversight of stress-testing of incentive programs vs. business/operating performance
12/12
100%
Pension plan administration/oversight
9/12
75%
Interpretation and application of regulatory requirements related to compensation policies and practices
11/12
92%
Engagement with investors and investor representatives on compensation issues
7/12
58%
Oversight of financial analysis related to compensation policies and practices
11/12
92%
Exposure to market analysis related to compensation policies and practices
11/12
92%
Drafting or review of contracts and other legal materials related to compensation policies and practices
7/12
58%
Oversight of labour matters
8/12
67%
 

Mandate of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee

The Committee’s responsibilities include:

ensuring that appropriate mechanisms are in place regarding succession planning for the executive management positions, including that of the President and Chief Executive Officer;

reviewing executive management’s performance assessment;

reviewing leadership and talent management for the Company’s key positions;

overseeing the identification and management of risks associated with CN’s compensation policies and practices and reviewing disclosure on: (i) the role of the Committee in that respect; (ii) any practices that CN uses to identify and mitigate such risks and (iii) any identified risk arising from CN’s compensation policies and practices that is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on CN;
 
overseeing the selection of any benchmark group used in determining compensation or any element of compensation and reviewing disclosure on such group;
 
retaining outside advisors to assist it in the performance of its functions and responsibilities, including compensation consultants, independent legal counsel or other independent advisors and overseeing their work;

evaluate the independence of compensation consultants in accordance with applicable NYSE listing standards or other applicable laws, rules or regulations;
 
recommending to the Board of Directors executive management’s compensation; and

reviewing human resources practices by ensuring, among other things, that appropriate human resources systems are in place to allow the Company to attract, motivate and retain the quality of personnel required to meet its business objectives.

The Committee’s full charter is available as part of CN’s Corporate Governance Manual at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/ Governance. Finally, the Committee met five times in 2014 and held in camera sessions during each meeting. The report of the Committee, set forth in Schedule “B” to this Information Circular, outlines the major subject areas reviewed by the Committee during the year.

Talent Management and Employee Engagement

In 2014, the Committee continued to oversee actions aimed at ­further strengthening the Company’s Talent Management strategies, in order to attract, onboard, connect with, and develop railroaders who will continue to drive CN’s sustained success. Two new state-of-the-art training centers located in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Homewood, Illinois were inaugurated in 2014 in a continuous effort to improve the quality of training, expand the onboarding experience, accelerate productivity and instill a stronger safety culture.

Through its Onboarding Program, CN continues to provide newly hired railroaders with a thoughtful integration into the Company, by equipping them with tools and knowledge to work safely and efficiently and to feel connected to the business. The Company continues to invest in a diverse range of programs to continue to engage with its employees. Employees’ involvement in these programs continues to support CN’s agenda, whether it is CN Ambassadors helping recruit the next generation of railroaders, EcoChampions supporting the Company’s sustainability efforts, Wellness Champions promoting healthy life habits, or Railroaders in the Community engaged in the neighbourhoods where CN operates. The fact that approximately 77% of employees are CN shareholders is another testament to their engagement in the Company’s success.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 37
 
 

 

The Company also increased cross-functional awareness through developmental opportunities for key talent, including the LINK business program and internships in transportation. Programs for accelerated business learning were refined as well as those for expanded understanding of our operations. Additionally, the launch of a development portal aimed at providing access to development tools and reference material was completed in 2014. CN continued its ongoing Talent Reviews in 2014 to continue the identification and development of key talent for succession. CN is also consciously weaving a diversity component into talent initiatives to ensure it is creating an environment that allows CN to compete for the best talent. Over 50 review sessions were conducted with business leaders across the Company, including presentations by EVPs to the President and CEO. Customized development plans were then built for railroaders identified as key talent. The functional EVPs presented their strategic plans on talent and succession to the Board, and the Committee is confident that solid leadership development and succession plans are in place.

To meet attrition and growth in business volumes, more than 3,900 new railroaders were recruited in 2014. As of December 31, 2014, CN counted 25,530 employees contributing to the success of our organization. The Committee is satisfied that, under Mr. Mongeau’s continued leadership, the proper human resources strategies and systems are in place to attract and retain talented and engaged employees to ensure the Company’s ongoing success.

Executive and Board Compensation Consultants

Management retains consulting firms to assist in determining compensation for its executives. In 2014, Management retained the services of Towers Watson to provide market information on competitive compensation levels and plan designs, survey results and trends, as well as external perspectives on various executive compensation matters. In 2014, Management was invoiced approximately C$292,300 by Towers Watson for these services. Towers Watson also provided support to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee for the review of compensation arrangements for non-executive directors, as described on page 16. The Board was invoiced C$30,000 for these services.

The Committee also independently retains the services of executive compensation consultants to provide advice on compensation recommendations that are presented for Committee approval. Since October 2007, the Committee has retained the services of Hugessen for that purpose. The Committee mandated Hugessen to review and provide advice directly to the Committee on executive compensation recommendations and related questions. In aggregate, the fees invoiced by Hugessen in 2014 totalled approximately C$86,800. The Committee has also reviewed Hugessen’s independence and evaluated their performance for 2014. The Committee is satisfied with the advice received from Hugessen and that such advice is objective and independent. Hugessen also meets the independence requirements of the NYSE Listing Standards and confirmed that on an annualized basis, the amount of fees received by the firm from CN represents less than 5% of the total fees of Hugessen.

Since 2007, the Board of Directors has adopted a policy to the effect that the Chair of the Committee must pre-approve all non-compensation services provided to the Company by the consultant retained by the Committee to perform executive compensation-related services. Pursuant to an understanding between the Committee and Hugessen, the latter has agreed not to perform any work for Management. During 2014, the only services performed by Hugessen were executive compensation-related services provided directly to the Committee.
 
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION – RELATED FEES
 
         
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL FEES
TYPE OF FEE
SERVICES RENDERED IN 2013
SERVICES RENDERED IN 2014
FOR SERVICES RENDERED IN 2014
(BEFORE TAX)
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
(%)
 
Hugessen
Towers Watson
Hugessen
Towers Watson
Hugessen
Towers Watson
Executive and Board Compensation-Related Fees
131,700
207,500
86,800
322,300
100
70%
All Other Fees
0
259,600
0
139,600
0
30%
 
 
38 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

This CD&A section explains our executive compensation policy and programs and focuses on the following executives who appear in the compensation tables:

Claude Mongeau
President and Chief Executive Officer
Luc Jobin
Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer
Jim Vena
Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer
Jean-Jacques Ruest
Executive Vice-President and Chief Marketing Officer
Sean Finn
Executive Vice-President, Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer
 
COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK AND POLICY
 
The Company follows a comprehensive executive compensation program for NEOs which includes: i) base salary; ii) annual incentive bonus; iii) long-term incentives; iv) pension benefits; and v) executive perquisites. The first three elements define total direct compensation. The objective of CN’s compensation program is to attract, retain and engage top talent by ensuring that there is a clear link between the Company’s long-term strategy, its business plan and executive rewards.
 
Decisions on how much to pay the NEOs and all other executives in terms of total direct compensation are based on the Company’s executive compensation policy. The policy aims to position total direct compensation between the median and the 60th percentile of the executives’ respective comparator groups. For the NEOs, the comparator group consists of select Class I Railroads (Union Pacific Corporation, CSX Corporation, Norfolk Southern Corporation and Canadian Pacific Railway Limited). For all other executives, the comparator group is comprised of a broad sample of U.S. organizations with revenues between U.S.$6 billion and U.S.$15 billion that participate in Towers Watson’s proprietary database. CN generated revenues of C$12.1 billion in 2014. For executives in group or division level positions, a total sample of the U.S. Industrial organizations is used, with revenue ranges aligned to reflect the scope of the role of the respective CN executive. More information on the comparator groups can be found on page 43.
 
In December 2014, as part of the annual compensation review process, Towers Watson provided an assessment of how total direct compensation offered to all executives during the year compared against that of the respective comparator groups. Towers Watson reported that the overall aggregate positioning of all executives’ total direct compensation was close to the median of the comparator group.
 
DECISION PROCESS

The compensation of the NEOs, other than that of the President and CEO, is recommended by the President and CEO and reviewed and recommended by the Committee for approval by the Board. The compensation of the President and CEO is recommended by the Committee and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors. The President and CEO serves at the will of the Board. Neither the President and CEO nor the other NEOs have an employment contract. For a discussion on the compensation of the President and CEO, please see the section entitled “President and Chief Executive Officer Compensation” on page 52.
 
2014 BASE SALARY INCREASES
 
The base salaries of NEOs are paid in U.S. dollars in order to provide for a more precise, meaningful and stable comparison with U.S. denominated salaries of incumbents in equivalent positions within the comparator group. As part of the NEOs’ annual compensation review, base salaries were set with reference to the median of the Class I Railroads comparator group. Salary increases reflect market competitiveness, economic outlook, leadership abilities, retention considerations and succession plans. Base salaries for NEOs other than the President and CEO were not adjusted in 2014, given the increase in target bonus opportunities described below. In 2015, base salaries will also remain unchanged, with the exception of the Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer (the “COO”). For more information on base salaries, please refer to page 44.
 
2014 ANNUAL BONUS RESULTS
 
As in prior years, the President and CEO’s target bonus in 2014 was 120% of base salary, and the other NEOs’ target bonus was increased from 70% to 80% of base salary to align with competitive market practice and increase the percentage of “at risk” compensation. Corporate performance accounted for 70% of the annual incentive bonus and was measured against challenging targets for revenue, operating income, diluted earnings per share, return on invested capital (the “ROIC”), and free cash flow. The ROIC performance objective is also used as a performance measure for the Performance Share Units as it mitigates risk between short and long-term performance on invested capital. The Board is of the view that its chosen corporate performance objectives are appropriate for a capital-intensive business like CN’s.
 
Despite a very difficult winter, the corporate performance for 2014 was solid, with financial results exceeding stretch levels for all corporate performance objectives. Consequently, the Board of Directors assessed the performance of the Company at “exceeds”, resulting in a corporate bonus factor of 150% (or 200% for NEOs and 194 other executives and senior management employees), as set out in the plan rules. The table showing the 2014 corporate performance objectives, as approved by the Board of Directors in January 2014, and the 2014 results as reported by the Company, can be found on page 46.
 
The remaining 30% of the annual incentive bonus was based on individual performance that considered the strategic and operational priorities related to each NEO’s function.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 39
 
 

 

The ratings related to the individual component of the bonus for the NEOs were also reviewed by the Committee resulting in an average individual bonus factor of 110%. The individual performance rating, along with the corporate bonus factor, served as the basis for calculating the annual incentive bonus payouts set out in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56. Despite a year of strong results, including the achievement of record volumes and continued industry-leading operating metrics, the Committee reviewed and recommended for Board approval management’s recommendation for a reduced overall individual performance factor for the President and CEO and the COO at 100% in light of the Company’s safety performance. In 2014, the Company experienced a year-over-year deterioration in its quantitative safety metrics, due in part to challenging winter conditions. Management took immediate action and is committed to reverse this trend in 2015, with safety objectives playing an even more prominent role in the individual performance factor of the President and CEO in 2015.

Overall, 2014 bonus payouts for NEOs ranged from 170% to 178% of target.

Executives, including the NEOs, and senior management employees, are required to provide the Company with a six-month notice period prior to retirement, in order to maintain their eligibility for accrued and future bonuses under the Annual Incentive Bonus Plan (the “AIBP”).

2014 LONG-TERM INCENTIVES

To align with mid and long-term business performance and shareholder value creation, long-term incentives consist of a combination of stock options and PSUs. PSUs require the achievement of strong return on investment capital performance and payouts only occur if the share price at time of vesting has increased from the time of grant to ensure that management is rewarded only when shareholder value is created.

In determining the appropriate long-term incentive fair value granted to NEOs, the Committee considered external market data, as well as other factors such as individual performance, retention risk and succession plans, and the Company’s compensation philosophy. Long-term incentive fair values for NEOs were determined with reference to the 60th percentile of the Class I Railroads comparator group.

The payout of the PSUs granted in 2014 to NEOs is subject to a three-year average return on invested capital target for the period ending on December 31, 2016. The table summarizing the performance objectives and payout condition of the 2014 PSU award can be found on page 47.

The stock options granted in 2014 are conventional and vest over four years at a rate of 25% at each anniversary date. Stock options have a 10-year term.

2012 PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS AWARD PAYOUT

The Committee reviewed the vesting of the 2012 PSUs against the performance targets. The Company achieved a three-year average return on invested capital to December 31, 2014 of 16.57%, exceeding the target set in 2012. This outcome resulted in a performance vesting factor of 150% of the PSUs awarded in 2012, in accordance with the plan rules. As the minimum average closing share price condition was also met, payout under the plan occurred in February 2015, provided compliance with the other conditions of the award agreements.

The table illustrating the 2012 PSU performance objectives and results can be found on page 48.

RISK MITIGATION IN OUR COMPENSATION PROGRAM

The Company has a formalized compensation philosophy to guide compensation program design and decisions. Many of the characteristics inherent in the Company’s executive compensation program encourage the right behaviours, thus mitigating risks and aligning long-term results with shareholder interests. The following are examples of such characteristics:

Appropriate balance between fixed and variable pay, as well as short and long-term incentives;

Multiple performance metrics are to be met or exceeded in the AIBP;

Overlap of performance measures for short and long-term incentives to mitigate risk;

Incentive payout opportunities are capped and do not have a guaranteed minimum payout;

Cannot engage in hedging activity or in any form of transactions in publicly traded options on CN securities;

Executive compensation clawback policy is in place;

Stock ownership guidelines apply to executives and senior management employees; and

The Committee retains the services of an independent executive compensation consultant.

A complete list and description of these risk-mitigating features is available on page 50.

In December 2014, following a review of the Company’s compensation policy, programs and practices, Towers Watson concluded again this year that “overall, there do not appear to be significant risks arising from CN’s compensation programs that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company”. The Committee supports the conclusions from Towers Watson’s risk assessment report and in its own assessment determined that proper risk mitigation features are in place within the Company’s compensation program.

NON-COMPETE, NON-SOLICITATION AND NON-DISCLOSURE The railroad industry operates in a highly competitive market and CN has undergone a transformational journey to be an industry leader. In recent years, the Company has continued to improve its efforts to protect itself and its confidential information. Accordingly, the Company’s long-term incentive award agreements, as well as its non-registered pension plans, contain non-compete, non-solicitation, non-disclosure of confidential information and other restrictive clauses. Payout under the long-term incentive plans or the non-registered pension plans is subject to current or former employees complying with these conditions. Further details related to CN’s non-compete and non-solicitation provisions are available on page 49.
 
 
40 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

Executive Compensation Policy Objectives

The Company’s executive compensation policy and programs are designed to ensure that there is a clear link between the Company’s long-term strategy, its business plan and executive rewards, thus encouraging appropriate behaviours. A significant proportion of executive incentive remuneration is therefore tied to key corporate objectives that play a pivotal role in driving the organization’s short and long-term profitability and return to shareholders. The executive compensation program is also designed to be competitive, in order to attract, retain and motivate outstanding executive talent while providing for appropriate risk control features.

The executive compensation program is comprised of five elements: i) base salary; ii) annual incentive bonus; iii) long-term incentives; iv) pension benefits; and v) executive perquisites. The combination of base salary, annual incentive bonus and long-term incentives defines the total direct compensation offering, which is weighted towards variable, “pay-for-performance” elements.

 
2014 Compensation Mix

The following charts illustrate the President and CEO’s 2014 compensation mix (at target), as well as that of the other NEOs (on average). As shown, a significant component of total compensation is “at risk”:
 

 
President and CEO   All Other NEOs (Average)
     
 
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 41
 
 

 

Compensation Policy

THE COMPANY’S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICY

The executive compensation policy aims to target total direct compensation between the median and 60th percentile of the executives’ respective comparator groups. Base salaries and target annual bonuses are set with reference to the median level of the respective comparator group, whereas the grant date fair value of long-term incentives is set with reference to the 60th percentile. The Committee believes that the compensation policy and its principles provide for competitive and reasonable compensation levels.

COMPENSATION DECISIONS AND PROCESS

The compensation is determined as part of an annual process followed by the Committee and outlined in the chart below:
 

The Committee reviews benchmark information in December each year, and approves compensation adjustments in January of the following year by taking into consideration comparator group practices, economic outlook, leadership abilities, retention considerations and succession plans.

The Committee reviews and recommends for approval by the Board of Directors the performance targets related to both the AIBP and the PSUs in January. These targets are derived from CN’s annual business plan, which is prepared by Management and reviewed with the full Board during the Strategic Planning Committee meetings prior to the beginning of the applicable year. Business planning is an extensive process during which Management examines with the Board the economic, business, regulatory and competitive conditions which affect or can be expected to affect CN’s business in the following three-year period. Throughout the year, members of the Committee are provided with updates related to the Company’s performance against targets. The Board and Committee also have open access to senior management throughout the year, should they wish to discuss specific business issues or seek clarification. The Board and the Committee are therefore confident that they have detailed visibility of the Company’s financial performance and that they are appropriately equipped to recommend executive compensation decisions. Finally, throughout the annual executive compensation review process, the Committee also receives and considers advice from its independent compensation consultant, Hugessen.

The annual grant of PSUs and stock options to NEOs and other eligible employees is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors in January for the then current year. In determining the appropriate long-term incentive fair value granted to each NEO, the Committee considered external market data, as discussed in the “Benchmarking Using Comparator Groups” section, as well as other factors such as individual performance, leadership and talent retention.

The compensation of the NEOs, other than that of the President and CEO, is recommended by the President and CEO and reviewed and recommended by the Committee for approval by the Board. The compensation of the President and CEO is recommended by the Committee and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors.

 
42 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


BENCHMARKING USING COMPARATOR GROUPS

The median and 60th percentile competitive pay levels are determined using comparator groups, which have been carefully reviewed and endorsed by the Committee as being appropriate for the level and nature of the benchmarked positions. In determining compensation for the NEOs, the Company considers a comparator group of North American companies comprised of the following Class I Railroads: Union Pacific Corporation, CSX Corporation, Norfolk Southern Corporation and Canadian Pacific Railway Limited.
 
The comparator group is comprised of Class I Railroads that are similar in terms of industry and complexity, including size, revenue, capital investment, and market capitalization. These companies directly compete with CN for key talent. Furthermore, beginning in 2015, half of CN’s relative total shareholder return performance (please refer to page 50 for a description of the plan) will be measured against the same comparator group.

The table below shows CN’s positioning relative to the primary comparator group for NEOs. Data are as at December 31, 2014.
 
     
MARKET
AVERAGE NUMBER
 
REVENUE
NET INCOME
CAPITALIZATION
OF EMPLOYEES
COMPARATOR GROUP
(MILLIONS)
(MILLIONS)
(MILLIONS)
(THOUSANDS)
Union Pacific Corporation
U.S.$ 23,988
U.S.$ 5,180
U.S.$ 105,900
47,201
CSX Corporation
U.S.$ 12,669
U.S.$ 1,927
U.S.$ 36,200
31,512
Norfolk Southern Corporation
U.S.$ 11,624
U.S.$ 2,000
U.S.$ 33,900
29,063
Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd.
C$ 6,620
C$ 1,476
C$ 37,900
14,575
Average
C$ 15,658 (1)
C$ 3,010 (1)
C$ 60,519 (1)
30,588
Canadian National Railway Company
C$ 12,134
C$ 3,167
C$ 64,900
24,635
Rank
4
2
2
4

(1)  Values were converted in Canadian dollars using the December 31, 2014 exchange rate of U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1601.

The comparator group used for benchmarking of all executives other than the NEOs is a broad sample of comparable-size U.S. organizations with revenues between U.S.$6 billion and U.S.$15 billion that participate in Towers Watson’s proprietary database. The Committee also considers data from this sample for NEOs for purposes of verifying the alignment with general compensation trends, but not for direct benchmarking purposes, given the direct comparability of the above-mentioned Class I Railroads.

COMPONENTS OF THE 2014 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM

The following table summarizes the components of the Company’s executive compensation program, which is driven by the executive compensation policy and weighted towards variable, “pay-for-performance” elements. Each component is then further detailed in this section.
 
COMPONENT
2014 DESIGN SUMMARY
FORM
OPPORTUNITY
RISK-MITIGATING
ELEMENTS
OBJECTIVES
AND RATIONALE
Base Salary
•   Fixed rate of pay
•   Individual salary recommendations based on competitive assessment and economic outlook, leadership, retention and succession considerations
•   Performance period: 1 year
•  Cash
•   Set with reference
to the median
of the respective
comparator group
•   Provides for
a balanced mix
of pay components
(fixed vs. variable)
•   Use of external
advisor and peer
group analysis
•   Provide competitive level of fixed compensation
•   Recognize sustained individual performance
•   Reflect increase in role responsibility and/or
growth in role
           
Annual Incentive
Bonus
•   Annual awards based on achievement of five pre-determined corporate performance objectives (70%) and individual performance (30%)
•   Approximately 4,700 management employees are eligible
•   Performance period: 1 year
•  Cash-based
performance pay
•   Target is 120%
of base salary for
the President and
CEO and 80% for
the other NEOs.
Maximum payout
is limited to 2.0 times
the target
•   For other eligible
management
employees, target
is based on grade
level with a
maximum payout
limited to 1.5 or 2.0
times the target
•   Use of multiple
performance
metrics
•   Plan targets
reviewed and
approved annually
based on in-depth
review of annual
business plan
•   Payouts are capped
•   No guaranteed
minimum payout
•   Payouts
subject to a
clawback policy
•   Reward the
achievement
of a balanced set
of annual corporate
performance objectives
•   Reward the
achievement
of personal objectives
aligned with each
employee’s area
of responsibility
and role in realizing
operating results
•   Drive superior
corporate and
individual performance
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 43
 
 

 


COMPONENT
DESIGN SUMMARY
FORM
OPPORTUNITY
RISK-MITIGATING
ELEMENTS
OBJECTIVES
AND RATIONALE
Long-Term
Incentives
Performance Share Units (PSUs)
•   Performance vesting subject to the attainment of 3-year average return on invested capital targets
•   Payout conditional on the attainment of a minimum share price during the last three months of the plan period
•   Employees must remain in active and continuous service until the last day of the year in which the grant was made to be eligible for payout
•   Performance period: 3 years
 
•   Performance-based share units payable in cash
•   Long-term incentive
grant date fair value determined with reference
to the 60th percentile
of the respective comparator group for
NEOs and executives
•   PSU performance
vesting factor capped
at 150%
•   Significant weighting towards long-term incentive compensation
•   Overlapping multi-year performance periods
•   Mix of financial and market measures
•   PSU payouts are capped and there is no minimum guaranteed payout
•   Payouts subject to a clawback policy
•   Align management interests with share- holder value growth
•   Reward the achievement of sustained financial performance
•   Contribute to retention of key talent
•   Recognize individual contribution and potential
 
Stock options
•   Conventional stock options that vest over 4 years at a rate of 25% per year
•   Grant is approximately of equal value to the Performance Share Units (except for the President and CEO who receives a different proportion due to the 20% limitation under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan)
•   Employees must remain in active and continuous service until the last day of the year in which the grant was made to be eligible for payout
•   Performance period: 4-year vesting, 10-year term
•   Stock options
Pension Benefits
Canadian Pension Plans
•   Defined Benefit Plan: Benefits payable calculated as a percentage of the five-year highest average earnings multiplied by pensionable service
•   Pensionable service period for most defined benefit plans: Maximum of 35 years
•   Defined Contribution Plan: Benefits based on the participant’s required contributions and on Company- matched contributions
•   Non-registered plans: Supplement to the registered plans and provide benefits in excess of the Canadian Income Tax Act limits
U.S. Pension Plans
•   Defined Benefit Plan: Benefits payable calculated as a percentage of the five-year highest average earnings (out of the last 10 years) multiplied by credited service
•   Maximum of 35 years of credited service for most defined benefit plans
•   Savings Plan: 401(k) benefits based on the participant’s voluntary contributions and 50% matching by the Company, limited to 3% of base pay
•   Defined Contribution Feature: Additional benefits included in the Savings Plan based on Company contributions equal to 3.5% of base pay
•   Non-registered plans: Supplement to the registered plans and provide benefits in excess of IRS and Railroad Retirement Board limits
•   Cash payments following retirement
•   Non-registered plans restricted to executives and senior anagement employees
•   Most retirement benefits for executives and senior management employees are calculated using base salary and annual bonus (up to target levels)
•   Annual retirement benefits to President and CEO from non-registered plan capped at U.S.$1M
•   Provide an effective and attractive executive compensation program
Executive
Perquisites
•   Healthcare and life insurance benefits, annual executive physical exam, club membership, company-leased vehicle, parking, financial counselling and tax services
•   Non-cash perquisites
•   Competitive
•   No tax gross-ups on such perquisites
•   Use of corporate aircraft restricted to business-related purposes
 
 
Base Salary

The Committee normally reviews the base salaries of executives in January each year, by taking into consideration median comparator group practices, economic outlook, leadership abilities, retention considerations and succession plans. The base salaries of NEOs are paid in U.S. dollars in order to provide for a more precise, meaningful and stable comparison with U.S. denominated salaries of incumbents in equivalent positions within the comparator group.

In 2014, the President and CEO received an increase in base salary of 4.9% in recognition of continued growth in his role and to maintain competitive market positioning. The base salary of other NEOs in 2014 was left unchanged. The Company did not adjust base salaries in 2015 for the NEOs, except for the Executive Vice-President and COO who received an increase to maintain a market competitive compensation envelope.


The folllowing table presents base salary increases for 2014 and 2015 in U.S. dollars:
 
NAME
2013
(U.S.$)
2014
(U.S.$)
INCREASE
2015
(U.S.$)
INCREASE
Claude Mongeau
1,025,000
1,075,000
4.9%
1,075,000
0.0%
Luc Jobin
600,000
600,000
0.0%
600,000
0.0%
Jim Vena
560,000
560,000
0.0%
600,000
7.1%
Jean-Jacques Ruest
560,000
560,000
0.0%
560,000
0.0%
Sean Finn
528,000
528,000
0.0%
528,000
0.0%
 
 
44 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


Annual Incentive Bonus Plan

In addition to the NEOs, approximately 4,700 active management employees are eligible to participate in an annual performance-based bonus plan. Under the Company’s AIBP, minimum, target and maximum payouts, expressed as a percentage (%) of base salary, are as follows for the President and CEO, the other NEOs, the Senior Vice-Presidents and Vice-Presidents:
 
POSITION
MINIMUM
TARGET (1)
MAXIMUM (1)
President and CEO
0%
120%
240%
Other NEOs
0%
80%
160%
Senior Vice-Presidents
0%
65%
130%
Vice-Presidents
0%
50/60%
100/120%

(1)  As a percentage of base salary as at December 31, 2014.

The bonus payout received under the AIBP depends on the achievement of both corporate (70%) and individual (30%) objectives. This design reflects the Company’s view that any short-term incentive should be tied both to the overall performance of the Company and to those areas of its business that each employee can influence directly.
 
The following illustrates the 2014 AIBP for the President and CEO:
  
AIBP for the President and CEO



For 2014, the AIBP was comprised of the following components:

1.
Corporate financial performance: 70% of the bonus was linked to the achievement of a balanced set of objectives that contribute to the Company’s long-term financial growth and profitability. The Committee ensures that performance goals and conditions are directly aligned with the achievement of the Company’s corporate objectives as set out in the Company’s business plan, which is recommended by the Strategic Planning Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors. These corporate objectives are taken into account in establishing the Company’s targets under the AIBP. In addition, in setting the AIBP targets for the upcoming year, the Company generally excludes items from the prior year that did not necessarily arise as part of the normal business of the Company, which can impact the comparability of the Company’s year-over-year financial performance and the Company’s current year targets in relation to the prior year’s results.

In 2014, the Board of Directors assessed the Company’s performance against targets for revenues, operating income, diluted earnings per share, free cash flow and one-year ROIC. These measures were selected because they are quantifiable measures that play a key role in driving the organization’s profitability and return to shareholders. Additionally, the Board is of the view that its chosen corporate objectives are appropriate for a capital-in-tensive business like CN. The 2014 targets were approved by the Board of Directors in January 2014 based on the Company’s business and financial outlook at that time.

Under the terms of the AIBP, a maximum corporate performance factor of 150% (or 200% for NEOs and 194 other executives and senior management employees) can be applied to an eligible employee’s annual bonus payout when financial results exceed all five corporate performance stretch (maximum) objectives. There is no payout under a given measure if threshold performance is not achieved.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 45
 
 

 
 
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS – 2014 ANNUAL INCENTIVE BONUS PLAN

In January 2014, the performance targets were set assuming an exchange rate of U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0277. During the year, the actual exchange rate was U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1038. The Company’s revenue targets were therefore adjusted to take into consideration the foreign exchange and difference between actual and forecasted oil and diesel prices with respect to the Company’s fuel surcharges. The following table therefore compares the 2014 adjusted performance targets with the actual 2014 results as reported by the Company.
 
 
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2014(1)
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
AS ADJUSTED(2)
RESULTS
2014
(C$)
PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT
IN MILLIONS
(EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA AND ROIC)
WEIGHT
BASE
(THRESHOLD)
(C$)
STRETCH
(MAXIMUM)
(C$)
BASE
(THRESHOLD)
(C$)
STRETCH    
(MAXIMUM)
(C$)
Revenues
25%
11,175
11,350
11,644(3)
11,819(3)
12,134
Exceeds
Operating Income
25%
4,130
4,255
4,329
4,454   
4,624
Exceeds
Diluted Earnings Per Share
15%
3.27
3.40
3.42
3.55   
3.85
Exceeds
Free Cash Flow (4)
20%
1,550
1,650
1,694
1,794   
2,220
Exceeds
ROIC (5)
15%
15.30%
15.90%
15.30%
15.90%   
17.36%
Exceeds

(1)
Corporate objectives assume an exchange rate of U.S.$1.00 = C$1.0277.

(2)
Corporate objectives and results reflect an actual exchange rate of U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1038.

(3)
Revenues target has been adjusted to reflect actual fuel surcharges invoiced to clients based on actual oil and diesel prices in 2014.

(4)
Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company believes that free cash flow is a useful measure of performance as it demonstrates the Company’s ability to generate cash for debt obligations and for discretionary uses such as payment of dividends and strategic opportunities. The Company defines its free cash flow measure as the difference between net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities; adjusted for changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents and the impact of major acquisitions, if any.

(5)
ROIC measures the Company’s efficiency in the use of its capital funds and is viewed as a key measure of long-term value generation to its shareholders. ROIC is generally calculated as net income before interest expense, divided by the total of the average net indebtedness and the average shareholders’ equity, and may, in certain instances, be adjusted for certain items as determined by the Committee.

As a result of the Company’s focus on operational and service excellence and solid execution despite brutal winter conditions, CN’s 2014 growth continued to outpace that of the overall economy, generating the highest volumes and earnings in its history. The Company produced solid free cash flow, supported in part by the monetization of underutilized assets. The Company continued to reinvest in the business, with 2014 capital spending of C$2.3 billion. At the same time, the Company maintained its commitment to creating shareholder value. In 2014, the Company’s dividend was increased by 16% and 22.4 million shares were repurchased, returning over C$2.3 billion to shareholders.

For 2014, after considering the financial results against established corporate objectives, the Board of Directors assessed the corporate performance at “exceeds”, allowing for a corporate performance factor of 150% (or 200% for NEOs and other executives and senior management employees).

2.
Individual performance: 30% of the bonus was based on personal business-oriented goals that considered the strategic and operational priorities related to each executive’s respective function, with a strong overall focus on: balancing operational and service excellence, delivering superior growth, opening new markets with breakthrough opportunities, deepening employee engagement and stakeholder engagement. The individual performance factor can range from 0% to 200% for NEOs and other executives and senior management employees. For all other eligible management employees, the performance factor can range from 0% to 150%. The individual performance factor for the President and CEO is based on an individual assessment reviewed and approved by the Committee.

In 2014, the individual objectives of the NEOs included both quantitative measures and qualitative strategic and operational considerations related to their function. At year-end, the President and CEO reviewed the performance of the other NEOs, taking into consideration their achievements against their pre-determined individual objectives and determined their individual performance rating, subject to Committee review and Board approval. The Committee then reviewed and reflected on each NEO’s, other than the President and CEO’s, individual­ achievements against goals, as well as their overall leadership in meeting their function’s objectives. For 2014, taking into account the recommendations of the President and CEO, the Committee determined that the NEOs had achieved their personal objectives and recommended for approval by the Board each of their individual performance ratings, which translates to the performance factor to be applied to the calculation of their bonus payout.

Despite a year of strong results, including the achievement of record volumes and continued industry-leading operating metrics, the Committee reviewed and recommended for Board approval management’s recommendation for a reduced overall individual performance factor for the President and CEO and the COO at 100% in light of the Company’s safety performance. In 2014, the Company experienced a year-over-year deterioration in its quantitative safety metrics, due in part to challenging winter conditions. Management took immediate action and is committed to reverse this trend in 2015, with safety objectives playing an even more prominent role in the individual performance factor of the President and CEO in 2015.

In 2014, the overall average individual performance factor for the NEOs, including the President and CEO, was 110%.

Any annual incentive bonus payout under the individual component is conditional upon a payout being declared under the corporate component. In addition, should corporate performance be assessed at “partially meets” (i.e. a corporate performance factor below 100%), the individual performance factor will be prorated to the same level.
 
 
46 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


The following formula illustrates how an eligible management employee’s annual base salary (as at December 31, 2014), target payout (expressed as a percentage of base salary), corporate and individual performance factors interact in the determination of the actual annual bonus payout:
 

In 2014, the average payout for the NEOs, including the President and CEO, was 173% of target payout. The actual payouts are reported in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56, under the column Non-equity incentive plan compensation — Annual incentive plans.

Executives, including the NEOs, and senior management employees, are required to provide the Company with a six-month notice period prior to retirement. This measure was instituted to allow for improved succession planning and to maximize the effectiveness of transitions. Employees who fail to provide such notice forfeit any accrued and future bonus under the AIBP, save for specific and exceptional circumstances.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVES

The Board of Directors considers a number of factors to assess the Company’s long-term incentive strategy, including the balance between long-term value creation and shareholder wealth protection, executive stock ownership position versus stock option holdings, executive retention risk, as well as the dilution impact of the different long-term incentive vehicles. Since 2005, the Board of Directors has elected to grant a combination of stock options and PSUs to NEOs, as well as to designated executives and senior management employees.

In 2014, the Company changed the methodology used for long-term incentives valuation to reinforce alignment throughout the compensation review process. As a result, the LTI value disclosed in 2014 in the Summary Compensation Table (page 56) is calculated using Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. The same valuation methodology is also used for benchmark and grant purposes. The new valuation methodology will provide for more precise and comparable compensation information.

The stock options and PSUs granted are of approximately equal value for all eligible employees, except for the President and CEO. The President and CEO’s long-term incentive award has a smaller relative weight in stock option value, due to the 20% limitation on the number of stock options that can be awarded to any one individual in a particular year, pursuant to the terms of the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan (please refer to page 63 for a description of the plan).

The annual grant of PSUs and stock options to NEOs and other eligible employees is reviewed and approved at the meetings of the Committee and the Board of Directors which takes place each year in January. In order to determine each NEO’s LTI award, the Committee takes into consideration individual performance, retention risk and succession plans, as well as the Company’s compensation philosophy and the value of LTIs granted over the last three years by the Class I Railroads included in the comparator group (please refer to section “Benchmarking Using Comparator Groups” on page 43). The Committee does not take into account previous executive grants when setting the individual awards, as the LTI plans are inherently performance-based.

The exercise price of the stock options granted is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the TSX or the NYSE on the grant date.

Since 2011, a “one-year minimum active service” condition has been included in the stock options and PSU award agreements, in order to encourage retention of key talent approaching retirement. In other words, should an executive, including NEOs, or other management employee retire in the year of the award agreement, PSUs and stock options awarded pursuant to that agreement will be forfeited. The “one-year minimum active service” condition upon retirement will be increased to 15 months for PSUs beginning in 2015 to support retention of key employees during the critical winter period (please refer to “Changes to Compensation in 2015” on page 50 for more details).

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS: 2014 AWARD

The Share Units Plan was approved by the Board of Directors in 2004. The objective of the Share Units Plan is to enhance the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented employees and to provide alignment of interests between such employees and the shareholders of the Company. PSUs awarded are generally scheduled for payout after three years and the performance vesting factor is determined in relation to the achievement of a target related to the Company’s average ROIC over the plan period. In 2014, the average ROIC objective applied to the three-year period ends on December 31, 2016. PSU payout is also conditional upon meeting a minimum average closing share price during the last three months of 2016. The performance vesting factor is capped at 150% of target.

The ROIC for each of the applicable plan years is generally calculated as net income before interest expense, divided by the total of the Company’s average net indebtedness and the average shareholders’ equity, and may, in certain instances, be adjusted for certain items as determined by the Committee. ROIC measures the Company’s efficiency in the use of its capital funds and is viewed as a key measure of long-term value generation to its shareholders.

The decision to use the ROIC performance measure for both short and long-term incentives is based on a prudent risk management approach in order to focus on ROIC over different time periods (one year vs. three years). Moreover, the weighting of the ROIC condition under the AIBP is limited to 15% of target bonus and ROIC performance objectives are based on the Business Plan. Finally, as explained on page 50, a new Relative TSR condition will be introduced for PSUs in 2015 (in addition to the ROIC performance measure).

PSUs granted in 2014 to NEOs and other designated employees are subject to the attainment of the performance measures presented in the table below:

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES –
PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS – 2014 AWARD
 
 
OBJECTIVE
PERFORMANCE
VESTING FACTOR (1)
Performance Objective:
Below 13.5%
   0%
Average ROIC for the
13.5%
  50%
three-year period ending
14.5%
100%
on December 31, 2016
15.5%
125%
 
16.5% and above
150%
Payout Condition:
C$59.65 on the TSX
or
U.S.$56.04 on the NYSE
Minimum average closing
share price for the last
three months of 2016
 
(1)  Interpolation applies between objectives.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 47
 
 

 

If the performance measures are met, the payout for cash-settled PSUs, made in the currency of the recipient’s salary, will be calculated as follows:
 

The grant date fair value of the PSUs awarded to each NEO in 2014 is included in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56, under the Share-Based Awards column.

In October 2014, CN modified its Share Unit Plan to provide for future award payouts to be settled in CN common shares purchased on the open market rather than cash. The changes will affect PSU awards made in 2015 and beyond and aim to support higher ownership among participants. Following the modification of the Share Units Plan, executives, including NEO and senior management employees, were offered a one-time election to settle 2013 and 2014 future PSU award payouts in CN common shares purchased on the open market rather than cash and according to the plan terms.

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS: 2012 AWARD PAYOUT

The PSUs awarded in 2012 to NEOs and other designated employees vested based on the achievement of an average ROIC for the three-year period ending on December 31, 2014. Over the past three years, CN’s share price has increased by 100% in Canada, in comparison to a 22% increase of the S&P/TSX Composite Index. In addition, the Company’s market capitalization in Canada has increased by nearly C$29 billion during this same period. The Company’s superior performance therefore led to the achievement of a three-year average ROIC of 16.57% and resulting in a performance vesting factor of 150%. As the minimum average closing share price condition was also met, payout occurred in February 2015 in accordance with the Share Units Plan and the 2012 award agreement.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS –
PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS – 2012 AWARD
 
 
OBJECTIVE
PERFORMANCE
VESTING
FACTOR (1)
RESULTS
Performance Objective:
Below 13.0%
0%
 
Average ROIC for
13.0%
50%
 
the three-year period
14.0%
100%
16.57%
ending on
15.0%
125%
 
December 31, 2014
16.0% and above
150%
 
       
Payout Condition:
   
Minimum average
C$39.01 on the TSX
C$77.90
closing share price
or
 
for the last three
U.S.$38.08 on the NYSE
U.S.$68.42
months of 2014
   

(1)  Interpolation applies between objectives.

The value vested during the year for each NEO is included in the table Incentive Plan Awards — Value Vested or Earned During the Year, and under the Share-Based Awards — Value Vested During the Year column on page 62.

STOCK OPTIONS

Stock options were granted in 2014 to NEOs and other designated employees pursuant to the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Please refer to page 63 for details of the Plan. The stock options granted in 2014 vest over four years at a rate of 25% at each anniversary date and have a 10-year term. Grants were made in the currency of the recipient’s salary.

Stock options are granted with the objective of rewarding NEOs and other designated employees for creating sustainable, long-term shareholder value. If the share price increases between the grant date and the vesting date, stock options will have a realizable value. Gains are realized once the stock options are exercised. The gain will be equivalent to the difference between the share price on the date of exercise and the grant date share price, multiplied by the number of stock options exercised.

The grant date fair value of the stock options awarded to NEOs in 2014 is included in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56, under the Option-Based Awards column.

EXECUTIVE PERQUISITES

NEOs are eligible to receive perquisites and personal benefits in accordance with the Company’s policy and in line with general market practices. These typically include the use of a company-leased vehicle, parking, financial counselling and tax services, club membership, certain healthcare benefits and life insurance and an annual executive physical exam. Other executives and senior management employees are also eligible to receive select perquisites; the type and value of the perquisites are generally determined by the grade of the employee’s position. Since 2010, all executives must comply with the aircraft utilization policy which restricts the usage of the corporate aircraft to business-related purposes only, save for exceptional circumstances and provided all incremental costs are fully reimbursed. Since January 2010, tax gross-ups on the value of certain executive perquisites have been eliminated.

EMPLOYEE SHARE INVESTMENT PLAN

The Employee Share Investment Plan (the “ESIP”), available to all Company employees, provides the opportunity to participate in CN’s ownership through the purchase of voting shares on the open market via payroll deductions. Employees may contribute between 1% and 10% of their gross base salary to the ESIP every pay period. The Company provides a 35% match on the first 6% of employee contributions. Both employee and employer contributions vest immediately. Approximately 77% of CN’s employees are shareholders of the Company through participation in the ESIP, and in 2014, all NEOs participated in the ESIP.

The value of the Company match received by NEOs in 2014 under the ESIP is indicated in the Details of the All Other Compensation Amounts table on page 59.

Other Key Compensation Programs of the Company

STOCK OWNERSHIP

The Committee strongly supports stock ownership by executives. Stock ownership guidelines require a minimum level of stock ownership, set as a multiple of base salary, to be achieved within a five-year period to align the interests of executives with those of shareholders. As at December 31, 2014, 199 executives and senior management employees are subject to share ownership guidelines. Once executives and senior management employees have met their initial shareholding requirements, they are required to maintain compliance, which is reported annually to the Committee. Stock ownership guidelines can be met through the holding of common shares and vested deferred share units under the Company’s Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan (the “VIDP”).
 
 
48 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


Stock options (vested or unvested) and unvested LTI grants do not count towards the minimum level of stock ownership. Stock ownership requirements are as follows:
 
 
GUIDELINES
President and CEO
5 times base salary
Executive and Senior Vice-Presidents
3 times base salary
Vice-Presidents
1.5 to 2 times base salary
Senior Management
1 time base salary

The President and CEO is also required to maintain his stock ownership guideline level until one year after retirement. As at December 31, 2014, all NEOs exceeded their share ownership requirements.

STOCK OWNERSHIP STATUS AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2014
 
NAMED EXECUTIVE
OFFICER
NUMBER OF 
SHARES HELD 
(1)
VALUE OF 
HOLDINGS 
(C$)
(2)
 
VALUE 
REQUIRED 
TO MEET 
GUIDELINES 
(C$)
(3)
 
HOLDINGS AS
A MULTIPLE OF
BASE SALARY
(3)
Claude Mongeau
477,291
 
38,192,826
 
5,936,690
 
32.2 ×
 
Luc Jobin
60,340
 
4,828,407
 
1,988,100
 
7.3 ×
 
Jim Vena
58,534
 
4,693,891
 
1,855,560
 
7.6 ×
 
Jean-Jacques Ruest
186,250
 
14,903,725
 
1,855,560
 
24.1 ×
 
Sean Finn
75,220
 
6,019,104
 
1,749,528
 
10.3 ×
 

(1)
Common shares and/or vested deferred share units as at December 31, 2014.

(2)
Value is based on the closing share price of the common shares on December 31, 2014 on the TSX (C$80.02), or the fair market value at the time of purchase if greater.

(3)
U.S.$ salaries as at December 31, 2014 were converted to Canadian dollars using the average rate during the year (U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1045).

ANTI-HEDGING POLICY

Under the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, no directors, officers or employees can engage in hedging activity or in any form of transactions in publicly traded options on CN securities. This relates to all forms of derivatives, including “puts” and “calls”.

CHANGE OF CONTROL PROVISIONS

The Management Long-Term Incentive Plan and the Share Units Plan include “double trigger provisions”. Pursuant to such provisions, the vesting of non-performance stock options or PSUs awarded held by a participant would not accelerate upon a Change of Control, unless the participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason. A Change of Control means any of the following events:

a)
in the event the ownership restrictions in the CN Commercialization Act are repealed, a formal bid for a majority of the Company’s outstanding common shares;
 
b)
approval by the Company’s shareholders of an amalgamation, merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation, unless the definitive agreement of such transaction provides that at least 51% of the directors of the surviving or resulting corporation immediately after the transaction are the individuals who, at the time of such transaction, constitute the Board and that, in fact, these individuals continue to constitute at least 51% of the board of directors of the surviving or resulting corporation during a period of two consecutive years; or

c)
approval by the Company’s shareholders of a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

The amended provisions state that acceleration of vesting would not occur if a proper substitute to the original stock options or share units is granted to the participant. If such substitute is granted and a participant is terminated without cause or submits a resignation for good reason within 24 calendar months after a Change of Control, all outstanding substitute stock options or share units which are not then exercisable shall vest and become exercisable or payable in full upon such termination or resignation. Substitute stock options that are vested and exercisable shall remain exercisable for a period of 24 calendar months from the date of such termination or resignation and units shall be paid within 30 days. Discretion is left to the Board of Directors to take into account special circumstances. The definition of a resignation for good reason is included in the Termination and Change of Control Benefits table on page 67.

NON-COMPETE / NON-SOLICITATION PROVISIONS

Non-compete and non-solicitation provisions are included in the PSU and stock option award agreements for all executives and other management employees. In 2010, the Board of Directors approved the inclusion of non-compete and non-solicitation provisions to certain supplemental retirement plans and arrangements. Such provisions were also harmonized in 2010 and 2011 across the non-registered pension plans that apply to all executives and senior management employees.

Non-compete and non-solicitation provisions will be applied if a recipient fails to comply with certain commitments for a two-year period following termination of employment. Those commitments prohibit:

a)
the use of confidential CN information for any purpose other than performing his or her duties with CN;

b)
engaging in any business that competes with CN;

c)
soliciting, accepting the business of a customer, client, supplier or distributor of CN or hiring or engaging employees of CN;

d)
taking advantage or profit from any business opportunity of which they became aware in the course of employment with CN; and
 
e)
taking any action as a result of which relations between CN and its consultants, customers, clients, suppliers, distributors, employees or others may be impaired or which might otherwise be detrimental to the business interests or reputation of CN.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION CLAWBACK

CN’s clawback policy, adopted in 2008, applies to all CN executives. Under this policy, the Board may, in its sole discretion, to the full extent permitted by governing laws and to the extent it determines that it is in the Company’s best interest to do so, require reimbursement of all or a portion of annual and long-term incentive compensation received by an executive. The Board of Directors may seek reimbursement of full or partial compensation from an executive or former executive officer in situations where:

a)
the amount of incentive compensation received by the executive or former executive officer was calculated based upon, or contingent on, the achievement of certain financial results that were subsequently the subject of or affected by a restatement of all or a portion of the Company’s financial statements;

b)
the executive officer engaged in gross negligence, intentional misconduct or fraud that caused or partially caused the need for the restatement; and

c)
the incentive compensation payment received would have been lower had the financial results been properly reported.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 49
 
 

 
 
Changes to Compensation in 2015

In 2014, the Committee undertook a review of the long-term incentive plan in an effort to further align the interests of management and shareholders and to ensure that competitive compensation practices are in place. The following changes were approved by the Board in October 2014 and will apply to 2015 LTI awards:

LTI Award


Introduction of Relative Total Shareholder Return performance measures to the PSUs — The introduction of Relative TSR measures will increase alignment between executive pay and shareholder returns and will provide a performance measure based on CN’s performance relative to its peers. For the 2015 award, CN’s relative TSR will be measured against two comparator groups: i) Class I Railroads (same comparator as for NEOs compensation benchmarking), and ii) S&P/TSX 60 companies. The comparator groups were determined considering markets where CN competes for capital investments.

Increased emphasis on PSUs within the overall LTI mix — With the introduction of new performance measures for PSUs, the LTI mix has been adjusted to ensure that a significant portion of LTI awards are based on ROIC and TSR performance.
 
Maximum payout opportunity increased to align with market practice of other Class I Railroads — Commensurate with the increase to the maximum payout opportunity, the stretch performance level on the ROIC performance conditions will further support strong payout for performance alignment. Further, the introduction of two new relative TSR performance measures will make the achievement of the maximum payout more challenging under the new design.
 
Settlement of PSUs in equity — The new settlement approach will provide participants with the flexibility of holding CN shares upon settlement to encourage increased share ownership among middle and senior management employees.

Vesting conditions in case of retirement — The minimum service period for PSUs in case of retirement was increased to retain key employees during the critical winter season and the retirement definition for stock options and PSUs was adjusted to support retention of newly hired senior employees.

The following table summarizes the changes set forth in 2015:
 
  2014   2015
LTI Weighting
Stock Options – 50%
 
Stock Options – 45%
 
PSUs – 50%
 
PSUs – 55%
PSUs
     
Performance Criteria
100% ROIC and minimum share price condition  70% ROIC and minimum share price condition 30% Relative TSR ranking against Class I Railroads and S&P/TSX 60 companies
Maximum Payout
150%
 
200%
Minimum Service Condition in Case of Retirement
12 months
 
15 months
Settlement
Cash-settled
 
Equity-settled in CN common shares purchased on the open market
 
Risk Mitigation in our Compensation Program
 

One of the Company’s fundamental goals is to create sustained shareholder value. To support this objective, the Committee focuses on developing and recommending an executive compensation philosophy and program that aligns with the Company’s business strategy, emphasizes pay-for-performance, and encourages the right behaviours. Hence, many characteristics of the Company’s executive compensation program serve to mitigate risk and emphasize the importance of longer­-term value creation:
 
Structured Process

An annual review of the performance measures under the Company’s AIBP and Share Units Plan takes place to ensure their continued relevance.

The Committee completes a formal assessment of performance each year, and can then use discretion to increase or decrease any compensation awards if it deems appropriate based on market factors or other extenuating circumstances.
 
 
50 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 


Balanced Program

The compensation program appropriately balances fixed and variable pay, as well as short-term and long-term incentives (in aggregate, approximately 80% of NEOs’ target total direct compensation is directly linked to the Company’s performance).

The corporate component of the AIBP includes five performance metrics that are appropriately balanced between “top-line” measures and “bottom-line” measures, thus diversifying the risk associated with the use of any single performance metric (please refer to section “Annual Incentive Bonus Plan” on page 45 for more information).

There are multi-year, overlapping performance periods for the PSUs and stock options, which encourages consistent, long-term behaviour.

The LTI awards, which constitute a significant portion of NEO compensation, vest over a 3 or 4-year period, motivating executives to create longer-term value.

The performance measures used within the Share Units Plan reflect an appropriate balance between financial and share price conditions.

The use of the same performance measure (ROIC) for the AIBP (one year) and PSUs (three-year average) ensures balance between short- and long-term performance sustainability on key capital investment expenditures.

Fixed Limits on Variable Compensation

The AIBP and the Share Units Plan are designed to include the possibility of a zero payout, as well as a pre-defined maximum.

Annual retirement benefits for the President and CEO from the non-registered pension plan are capped.

Protection Mechanisms

The Company’s executive compensation clawback policy allows the Board, in certain situations, to request the full or partial reimbursement of annual and long-term incentive awards received by executives (please refer to section “Executive Compensation Clawback” on page 49 for more information).

The NEOs are not governed by employment contracts and the long-term incentive plans include “double-trigger provisions”, such that the vesting of LTI awards would generally not accelerate upon a Change in Control.

Under the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, directors, executives and employees are prohibited from engaging in hedging activities against CN securities.

In order to further align their interests with those of shareholders, executives and senior management employees (199 individuals) are required to meet specific stock ownership guidelines. In addition, the President and CEO must maintain his stock ownership level for one year after retirement (please refer to section “Stock Ownership” on page 48 for more information).

Commencing at various dates, for executives and senior management employees, the payout of LTI awards and the payment of retirement benefits under the Company’s non-registered pension plans, are conditional on compliance with the conditions of their benefit plans, award or employment agreements, including but not limited to non-compete, non-solicitation, non-disclosure of confidential information and other restrictive covenants (please refer to section “Non-Compete/Non-Solicitation Provisions” on page 49 for more information).

Independent Advice

Management retains the services of an external executive compensation consultant to assist in compensation related matters for its executives. The Committee retains the services of an independent executive compensation consultant to provide advice on compensation recommendations that are presented for Committee approval.

In 2011, Towers Watson was mandated to review the Company’s compensation policy, programs and practices and assessed any potential risk implications. Towers Watson concluded that “there does not appear to be significant risks arising from CN’s compensation programs that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the company”. The Committee played an active role in reviewing the Risk Assessment report and in discussing the improvement actions suggested by Towers Watson. As a result, the Committee requested that Management perform more extensive stress-testing on future LTI awards, to validate that programs are aligned with CN’s pay-for-performance principles. Since 2012, stress-testing exercises are performed on the NEOs’ LTI grants proposed by human resources management and results are presented to the Committee for their consideration prior to the Committee and the Board approving such grants. CN has requested that Towers Watson annually review the actions taken by CN since the initial risk assessment report and comment on any potential risks.

In December 2014, Towers Watson considered the actions taken by CN and once again confirmed that “overall, there do not appear to be significant risks arising from CN’s compensation programs that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company”. Based on the adjustment to the LTI design performed in 2014 that will apply to the 2015 LTI grants, Towers Watson also indicated that “the increased weight on PSUs in the LTI mix and the introduction of the relative TSR measure align with both competitive market trends and “best practice” governance standards, which favour performance-based equity over time-vested equity and a focus on relative performance”. The Committee supports the conclusion from the Towers Watson risk assessment report and in its own assessment determined that proper risk mitigation features are in place within the Company’s compensation programs.

Throughout the year, the Committee plays an important oversight role related to the identification and management of risks associated with CN’s compensation programs and practices. For example, in camera sessions, restricted to members of the Committee, are held at the start of each of the Committee meetings to allow for discussion regarding any compensation or risk related issue. The Committee also believes in the benefits of a certain level of overlapping membership between the Audit and the Human Resources and Compensation Committees, particularly with regard to risk monitoring. As such, Donald J. Carty, Chair of the Audit Committee, is a member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin, Chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, is a member of the Audit Committee. James E. O’Connor, Chair of the Strategic Planning Committee, is also a member of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin is a member of the Strategic Planning Committee. These overlaps effectively provide a link between committees’ risk oversight responsibilities.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 51
 
 

 

President and Chief Executive Officer’s Compensation

Claude Mongeau,

PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Mr. Mongeau became President and Chief Executive Officer of CN on January 1, 2010. He joined CN in May 1994 and has held the positions of Assistant Vice-President Corporate Development, and Vice-President, Strategic and Financial Planning. He was appointed Executive Vice­-President and Chief Financial Officer in October 2000.

As President and CEO, Mr. Mongeau is responsible for providing leadership and vision for CN, as well as achieving strategic and operational goals that will build long-term shareholder value. More details on his role are available in the Company’s Corporate Governance Manual, available at www.cn.ca, under Delivering Responsibly/Governance.

COMPENSATION

The President and CEO’s annual compensation takes into account factors such as competitive positioning against market, economic outlook, and leadership abilities. Mr. Mongeau’s annual compensation is recommended by the Committee and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors. The President and CEO serves at the will of the Board and does not have an employment contract.

BASE SALARY

In 2014, Mr. Mongeau’s base salary was increased from U.S.$1,025,000 to U.S.$1,075,000 (C$1,187,338) to maintain his competitive position against market.

ANNUAL INCENTIVE BONUS PLAN

As in prior years, Mr. Mongeau’s target bonus for 2014 was 120% of his base salary. As is the case for other management participants in the AIBP, 70% of the bonus payout is based on corporate performance and 30% is based on individual performance.

The Company’s 2014 performance was characterized by brutal first-quarter winter weather which impacted performance, followed by a strong rebound starting in March, and capped by record full-year freight volumes. Executing on the Company’s objective to grow faster than the overall economy at low incremental cost drove a 15% increase in revenue, a 150 basis-point improvement in the operating ratio, a 25% increase in earnings-per-share, and a 37% increase in free cash flow. The Company continued to invest for safety, growth and productivity with 2014 capital expenditures representing 19% of revenues. The Company’s disciplined approach to capital spending supported a 17% return on invested capital, a 84 basis-point improvement versus 2013. CN also maintained its strong commitment to shareholders, returning 73% of net income through buybacks and dividends. Shareholders also benefited from a 32% appreciation in shares price on the Toronto Stock Exchange (21% on the NYSE). After considering the 2014 financial results against the established corporate financial objectives, the Board of Directors assessed the corporate performance as “exceeds”, allowing for a corporate financial performance factor of 200% for the President and CEO.
 
The individual performance of the President and CEO is measured against goals, objectives and standards approved annually by the Committee and the Board. The individual goals set at the beginning of 2014 included elements covering performance in the following areas: balancing operational and service excellence (20%); delivering superior growth (20%); opening new markets with breakthrough opportunities (20%); deepening employee engagement throughout the workforce (20%); and re-building on our momentum with key stakeholders (20%).

Specific measures, both quantitative and qualitative, are considered in each of the above-mentioned categories. Additional details on each category are presented below. The Committee reviewed the President and CEO’s performance in each area and, despite a year of strong results, recommended for Board approval management’s recommendation for a reduced overall individual performance factor at 100% in light of the Company’s safety performance. The Committee recommended to the Board the approval of the President and CEO’s annual incentive bonus payout of U.S.$2,193,000 (C$2,544,099).

BALANCING OPERATIONAL AND SERVICE EXCELLENCE

Despite the significant first-quarter challenges created by the winter of a lifetime with extreme cold conditions, CN maintained its industry-leading operating ratio by achieving a near-record 61.9% in 2014, approximately five points better than the industry average. CN also continued to lead the industry with respect to key operating metrics, including an average train speed of twenty-six miles-per-hour, over 15% better than the industry average; an average dwell time of seventeen hours, over 25% better than the industry average; a 2.5% improvement in gross ton miles per U.S. gallon of fuel consumed, maintaining CN’s industry-leading fuel efficiency; and an almost 8% improvement in labour productivity (gross ton miles per average number of employees). CN’s ability to execute on its Operational and Service Excellence objectives enabled the Company to deliver industry-leading volume growth, and to do so at low incremental cost.

Under Mr. Mongeau’s leadership, the Company also continued to build on its commitment to becoming a true supply chain enabler. Through a portfolio of initiatives called Customer FIRST, CN continued to develop innovative solutions to address key customer pinch points, including the first and last miles of the shipment cycle. iAdvise, the latest first-mile/last-mile initiative, built critical mass in 2014 when the program was rolled out for CN’s largest customers. iAdvise is providing customers with the timely, accurate information they need to better plan their operations and is helping to elevate CN ahead of the competition.

CN experienced an increase in injuries and accidents in 2014. In regards to injuries, the deterioration was largely attributable to an increase in slips, trips and falls due in part to the challenging winter conditions. In terms of accidents, the very cold temperatures specifically impacted the steel components of railcars and the track infrastructure. The Company also saw an increase in accidents on some of its branch lines that have recently experienced significant volume growth. Mr. Mongeau and his team took immediate action by further increasing its efforts to emphasize the need for employees to be cognizant of changing weather conditions and to ensure an attentive approach to walking in yards and alongside tracks. An immediate, supplemental communication plan was rolled out to employees during the winter, and updated procedures on preventing slips, trips and falls were rolled into the Company’s training curriculum. CN also increased its corridor

 
52 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

risk assessments, which enabled pinpointed risk mitigation investments such as the installation of additional wayside inspection sites, along with additional training for car inspectors to ensure the quality of inspections is at the highest skill level. Visual patrols and the frequency of ultrasonic rail flaw detection inspections were also increased on key branch lines.

DELIVERING SUPERIOR GROWTH

Under Mr. Mongeau’s leadership, the Company continued to improve its performance with respect to Operational and Service Excellence, supply chain enabling, service innovation, and investing ahead of the curve. The Company’s success in these areas builds the foundation for superior growth. In 2014, the Company once again significantly over-performed relative to economic conditions. CN posted 8% carload growth, versus the Class I rail industry average of 5%, to achieve all-time record volumes. Revenues grew 15% to just over C$12 billion, also a Company record. Volume growth was broad-based and included market share gains in intermodal and automotive; growth related to new energy markets; and record grain shipments relating to a 100-year Canadian crop. Demonstrating the value of the Company’s service and capacity, as well as the end-to-end supply chain approach which helps customers to reduce costs and to win in their own markets, enabled CN to once again achieve inflation-plus pricing.

OPENING NEW MARKETS WITH BREAKTHROUGH OPPORTUNITIES

Under Mr. Mongeau’s leadership, the Company continued to focus its efforts on developing breakthrough opportunities that leverage the strength of CN’s franchise, its end-to-end supply chain mindset and its ability to grow at low incremental cost. These initiatives require a longer-term perspective as well as an immediate commitment to ensuring the allocation of adequate resources. Several new markets continued to grow significantly in 2014, including commodities related to energy markets and import/export containerized trade. In 2014, CN also completed a multi-year investment in Kirk Yard. Coupled with the nearly complete investment to enhance the Company’s EJ&E network, CN has established a strong competitive advantage for traffic that originates, terminates or passes through Chicago, IL. CN also invested in rail infrastructure to support supply chain efficiencies for bulk commodities including grain and potash and continued to develop innovative products in a number of markets. CN continues to build a strong foundation for future growth by increasing network capacity, resilience and fluidity, seizing opportunities to extend the Company’s physical footprint, investing in the training and development of the next generation of railroaders, and driving efforts that improve safety.

DEEPENING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT THROUGH THE WORKFORCE

Since 2010, when Mr. Mongeau became CEO, 14,000 new employees have joined CN to replace retiring or departing employees and to support growth. In 2014 alone, CN on-boarded more than 3,900 new employees. Deepening employee engagement remains an important component of Mr. Mongeau’s strategic agenda. CN is carefully recruiting the right railroaders, systematically onboarding employees, and is working diligently to retain its employees. Deepening employee engagement takes many forms, from regular quality communications to structured talent management, and careful leadership development. Two new state-of-the-art training facilities were inaugurated in 2014 and are now bringing CN to the forefront of enhanced training excellence to improve onboarding, accelerate productivity and instill a stronger safety culture.

The Company’s LEAD program celebrated its first anniversary in 2014 with 1,200 employees trained, including almost all senior leaders. The LEAD program is a multi-year customized management training program aimed at building engagement, promoting trust and respect, and developing people. The Company’s LINK program, aimed at accelerating the transfer of railroad knowledge and business leadership skills to key talent, graduated its third consecutive cohort in 2014. The practice of performance management discussions for all employees (management and union) was continued in 2014.

The Company also expanded a Transportation Internship program to offer unionized employees a chance to gain experience in management roles and initiated a program to attract more women in Operations. CN continued to deploy workforce planning at more micro levels to better understand internal workforce movements and predict future talent needs at various levels. A dashboard platform was also introduced in 2014 to give senior leaders access to key, up-to-date people metrics and allow for comparison between groups and territories, as well as identification of risk and problem areas to drive action.

RE-BUILDING MOMENTUM WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS

CN has an unwavering commitment to safety and recognizes that safe operations are critical to all stakeholders: employees, customers and the communities through which we operate. CN believes that the rail industry can enhance safety by working more closely with communities. Toward that end, CN has been reaching out to municipal officials and their emergency responders along its North American rail network to review its comprehensive safety programs, to share in confidence relevant information on dangerous goods traffic, and to discuss emergency response planning and training. This initiative, under Mr. Mongeau’s leadership, involves almost 1,100 communities in Canada and approximately 870 communities in the United States and supplements governmental and regulatory direction. In 2014, CN also continued to endorse regulations requiring the retrofitting or phasing-out of older model DOT-111 tank cars used to transport flammable liquids, and a reinforced standard for new tank cars built in the future. On its own initiative, CN took steps in 2014 to structure freight rates that offer its customers an incentive to acquire more robust tank cars for the transportation of crude oil that meet higher safety standards. Mr. Mongeau also announced a program to replace CN’s own small fleet of legacy DOT-111 tank cars that are used to transport diesel fuel on the CN network.

In 2014, the Company’s efforts in the realm of stakeholder engagement were also influenced by developments in the Canadian Grain scene. Unfortunately in 2014, the Canadian government took a step backward on the regulatory front, imposing minimum grain volume requirements on the two main railways, extending interswitching limits in three Western provinces, and re-enforcing a regulatory approach that undermines collaboration. Mr. Mongeau has taken a leading role in working to ensure a continuing, well-functioning rail transportation marketplace by discouraging burdensome regulation that threatens to increase costs, stifle innovation and potentially discourage investments that support strong, safe and resilient supply chains.

Throughout 2014, CN also continued its support of hundreds of CN railroaders in the Community who are champions in the causes they choose to support. CN donated C$690,000 to support its employees, their families and pensioners in their volunteer efforts.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 53
 
 

 


In 2014, CN received a number of awards and recognition including: recognition as a Carbon Disclosure Leader in Canada by CDP; recognition from various stakeholders, as one of the top 50 Socially Responsible Corporations by the Maclean’s magazine and recognition as one of Canada’s most attractive employers.

LONG-TERM INCENTIVES

PSUs and stock options are granted to the President and CEO pursuant to the Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. Grants to the President and CEO are made on the same basis and conditions as those to the other NEOs of the Company, subject to the 20% limitation under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. In 2014, Mr. Mongeau received 104,490 PSUs and 180,000 stock options. The fair value of these awards is included in the Summary Compensation Table on page 56, under the Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards columns.

In accordance with the disclosure rules issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators, amounts paid to Mr. Mongeau are reported in the prescribed tables in Canadian dollars.

Other Named Executive Officers’ Compensation

Luc Jobin,

EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Mr. Jobin is accountable for the Company’s financial management and governance, strategic planning and information technology.

Appointed CN’s Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”) in June 2009, Mr. Jobin has extensive experience as a business leader and senior executive within the consumer goods, manufacturing and investment industries.

Mr. Jobin obtained his Chartered Accountant designation from the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and earned his Diploma in Public Accountancy from McGill University.

In 2014, Mr. Jobin’s base salary was maintained at U.S.$600,000 (C$662,700) concurrent with the increase of target bonus from 70% to 80% of base salary under the AIBP. In addition, Mr. Jobin received 31,780 PSUs and 63,560 stock options, in accordance with the terms of the Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan respectively.

Mr. Jobin’s performance in 2014 was assessed against individual performance objectives, including achieving key financial targets, supporting the strategic agenda, driving superior performance and intensifying employee engagement. Mr. Jobin was assessed as having partially exceeded his overall individual performance objectives. Based on the Company’s financial performance, as well as on his individual assessment, Mr. Jobin received a 2014 annual bonus in the amount of U.S.$852,000 (C$988,405).

Jim Vena,

EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

Mr. Vena was accountable for the Company’s North American rail operations. Appointed CN’s Executive Vice-President and COO in February 2013, Mr. Vena has extensive railway experience having held successively senior positions within the Company’s operating functions.

Mr. Vena joined CN in 1977 as a brakeman in Jasper, Alberta. Mr. Vena gradually took over various management positions in CN operations and marketing and led all three of CN’s operating regions as Senior Vice-President, Southern Region; Senior Vice-President, Western Region; and Senior Vice-President, Eastern Region.

In 2014, Mr. Vena’s base salary was maintained at U.S.$560,000 (C$618,520), concurrent with the increase of target bonus from 70% to 80% of base salary under the AIBP. In addition, Mr. Vena received 31,780 PSUs and 63,560 stock options, in accordance with the terms of the Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan respectively.

Mr. Vena’s performance in 2014 was assessed against individual performance objectives, including service, cost control, asset utilization, safety and people. While key metrics in the areas of service, cost control and asset utilization exceeded objectives, Mr Vena was assessed as having, on an overall basis, met his individual performance objectives in light of the Company’s safety performance in 2014. Based on the Company’s financial performance, as well as on his individual assessment, Mr. Vena received a 2014 annual bonus in the amount of U.S.$761,600 (C$883,532).

Jean-Jacques Ruest,

EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER

Mr. Ruest was appointed CN’s Executive Vice-President and Chief Marketing Officer (the ”CMO”) on January 1, 2010 and is responsible for providing the strategic direction and leadership for CN’s sales, marketing and supply chain solutions groups.

He is a seasoned executive and has extensive marketing experience within the railway industry. Prior to joining CN, he accumulated more than 15 years of experience working for a major international chemical company.

Mr. Ruest holds a Masters in Business Administration in marketing from HEC Montréal and a Bachelor of Science degree in applied chemistry from the Université de Sherbrooke. He also completed the executive program from the University of Michigan’s business school.

In 2014, Mr. Ruest’s base salary was maintained at U.S.$560,000 (C$618,520), concurrent with the increase of target bonus from 70% to 80% of base salary under the AIBP. In addition, Mr. Ruest received 30,060 PSUs and 60,120 stock options, in accordance with the terms of the Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan respectively.

Mr. Ruest’s performance in 2014 was assessed against individual performance objectives, including delivering superior growth, opening new markets, creating new products, balancing operational and service excellence and the leveraging of sales & marketing talent. Mr. Ruest was assessed as having partially exceeded his overall individual performance objectives. Based on the Company’s financial performance, as well as on his individual assessment, Mr. Ruest received a 2014 annual bonus in the amount of U.S.$795,200 (C$922,512).

Sean Finn,

EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT CORPORATE SERVICES AND CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER

Mr. Finn was appointed Senior Vice-President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary in December 2000 and CN’s Executive Vice-President Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer (the “CLO”) in December 2008. He is responsible for a wide array of legal, government, regulatory, public affairs, risk mitigation and security matters. As Corporate Secretary, he is also responsible for CN’s Corporate Governance practices.

Mr. Finn led CN’s tax function and was appointed CN’s Vice-President, Treasurer and Principal Tax Counsel in January 2000. Before joining the Company, he was the Managing Tax Partner for a major Montreal law firm.
 
54 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

Mr. Finn graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Montreal, after which he was admitted to the Quebec Bar, and is a member of the Canadian and American Bar Associations. Mr. Finn has completed the Directors Education Program offered by the Institute of Corporate Directors and the Rotman School of Management, as well as the Excellence in the Boardroom Program at the Rotman School of Management, Executive Programs, University of Toronto.

In 2014, Mr. Finn’s base salary was maintained at U.S.$528,000 (C$583,176), concurrent with the increase of target bonus from 70% to 80% of base salary under the AIBP. In addition, Mr. Finn received 25,770 PSUs and 51,540 stock options, in accordance with the terms of the Share Units Plan and the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan respectively.

Mr. Finn’s performance in 2014 was assessed against individual performance objectives related to taking CN’s stakeholder engagement to the highest standards, leading key strategic initiatives associated with Corporate Services, ensuring leadership and development succession for the Corporate Services function, ensuring successful corporate governance and being a trusted advisor to the President and CEO, the executive team and the Board. Mr. Finn was assessed as having met his overall individual performance objectives. Based on the Company’s financial performance, as well as on his individual assessment, Mr. Finn received a 2014 annual bonus in the amount of U.S.$718,080 (C$833,045).

Performance Graph

The following Performance Graph illustrates the yearly cumulative total shareholder return on a $100 investment in CN’s common shares compared with the cumulative total return of the S&P/TSX and the S&P 500 Indices from the period beginning December 31, 2009 to the period ending December 31, 2014. It assumes reinvestment of all dividends during the covered period.
 
 
 
 
DEC-09
DEC-10
DEC-11
DEC-12
DEC-13
DEC-14
CNR
$100
$118
$144
$165
$225
$300
CNI
$100
$124
$149
$176
$223
$274
S&P/TSX
$100
$118
$107
$115
$130
$144
S&P 500
$100
$115
$117
$136
$180
$205
 
The following graph illustrates the year-over-year increase in cumulative total shareholder return on a C$100 investment in CN’s common shares on the TSX compared with the total compensation earned by NEOs in each year of the five-year period ending on December 31, 2014, and demonstrates the close link between the two. The total compensation earned by NEOs is defined as the amount of base salary and bonus earned during the year, plus the yearly change in unrealized and realized gains from equity-based incentive plans.

 
 
Over the last five years, the three main components of compensation — base salary, annual incentive, and LTI — that were earned by all NEOs combined represented about 0.82% of the approximate C$38 billion aggregate market capitalization increase over the same period. The Committee believes that the Company’s executive compensation policy is effective and appropriately supports a strong relationship between the compensation earned by NEOs and the investment return of ­shareholders. Over the last five years, approximately 87% of the compensation earned by NEOs was derived from equity-based incentive plans, which demonstrates strong alignment between NEO compensation and shareholder return. Finally, over the same period, CN’s total compensation as per the Summary Compensation Table increased, on average, by 3.9% per year (21.2% over five years) as a result of compensation increases and currency fluctuation (please refer to “Impact on Currency” on page 56 for more details).
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 55
 
 

 

2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Impact of Currency

Compensation of the NEOs has been paid in U.S. dollars since 2002 as it provides a more precise, meaningful and stable comparison basis with U.S. denominated salaries from the Class I Railroad comparator group. In 2014, the Canadian dollar declined by 8.3% against the U.S. dollar which results in an increase of approximately 9.1% of compensation values disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table.

Impact of LTI Valuation Change

In 2014, the Company changed the methodology used for LTI valuation to reinforce alignment throughout the compensation review process. As a result, the LTI value disclosed in 2014 in the Summary Compensation Table is based on Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. In 2014, the change in LTI valuation methodology results in an increase of 11.5% of the cumulative share-based and option-based awards values disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table.
 
Constant Currency and LTI Valuation Comparison

On a constant currency and LTI valuation basis, the year-over-year total compensation change for the President and CEO was -2.8% vs. 13.5% as per the Summary Compensation Table below. On average, the year-over-year total compensation change for the other NEOs was -4.8% on a constant currency and LTI valuation basis compared to 9.0% as per the Summary Compensation Table below.

The following table provides guidance on year-over-year compensation increases as per the Summary Compensation Table based on a constant currency and LTI valuation basis:
 
 
COMPENSATION CHANGE ON A CONSTANT CURRENCY
 
AND LTI VALUATION BASIS, AS APPROVED BY THE BOARD
 
CEO
OTHER NEOs
Base Salary
4.9%
1.4%(1)
Long-Term Incentive
-7.9%
-6.8%
Total Compensation
-2.8%
-4.8%

(1)  The increase is due to Mr. Vena’s appointment as COO in February 2013.
 

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table sets forth the annual total compensation in Canadian dollars for the NEOs, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. Fluctuation in the exchange rate affects year-over-year comparability. Please refer to page 68 for currency exchange information.
 
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION
YEAR
SALARY
(C$)
SHARE-BASED
AWARDS(1)(3)
(C$ )
OPTION-
BASED
AWARDS(2)(3)
(C$ )
NON-EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN
COMPENSATION –
ANNUAL
INCENTIVE
PLANS(4)
(C$)
PENSION
VALUE(5)
(C$)
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION(6)
(C$)
TOTAL
COMPENSATION
(C$)
 
2014
1,187,338
3,373,982
2,113,200
2,544,099
40,000
82,988
9,341,607
Claude Mongeau
2013
1,055,648
3,210,050
1,609,300
1,644,443
628,000
82,191
8,229,632
President and Chief Executive Officer
2012
999,600
2,654,030
1,698,400
2,208,678
314,000
84,797
7,959,505
Luc Jobin
2014
662,700
1,026,176
746,194
988,405
180,833(8)
21,021
3,625,329
Executive Vice-President
2013
617,940
945,575
587,818
561,517
150,669(8)
18,694
2,882,213
and Chief Financial Officer
2012
574,770
902,008(7)
625,011
710,794
141,982(8)
16,591
2,971,156
Jim Vena
2014
618,520
1,026,176
746,194
883,532
288,000
14,734
3,577,156
Executive Vice-President
2013
546,061
980,709
554,670
518,958
2,200,000(9)
13,497
4,813,895
and Chief Operating Officer
2012
327,869
184,402
151,003
376,500
144,000
24,329
1,208,103
Jean-Jacques Ruest
2014
618,520
970,637
705,809
922,512
195,000
17,541
3,430,019
Executive Vice-President
2013
576,744
893,255
555,293
524,083
310,000
17,233
2,876,608
and Chief Marketing Officer
2012
539,784
718,376
588,264
667,528
174,000
18,059
2,706,011
Sean Finn
2014
583,176
832,113
605,080
833,045
182,000
15,458
3,050,872
Executive Vice-President Corporate
2013
543,787
788,070
489,905
464,652
317,000
14,846
2,618,260
Services and Chief Legal Officer
2012
512,795
651,252
533,298
634,152
137,000
16,126
2,484,623

(1)
Valuation Disclosure for Share-Based Awards— Consistent with disclosure requirements, the following (a) summarizes the methodology and key assumptions used to calculate the fair value of awards at the grant date and (b) discloses the fair value used for accounting and financial reporting purposes. For 2014 share-based awards, the fair value of awards at the grant date, as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, reflects the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the value calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. This methodology was selected as it provides alignment throughout the compensation review process by using the same methodology for benchmarking, grant and disclosure purposes. The value may differs from the value reported for accounting purposes due to the differences in valuation input assumptions, as provided on page 58. For 2012 and 2013 share-based awards, the fair value of awards at the grant date, as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, reflects the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the accounting fair value of awards.
 
A summary of the 2014 valuation factors calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology as well as under the accounting valuation methodology is presented in the following table. Detailed assumptions for both methodologies are presented on page 58.

 
TOWERS WATSON EXPECTED LIFE BINOMIAL
 
ACCOUNTING VALUATION
     
 
METHODOLOGY
 
METHODOLOGY
 
VARIANCE
 
 
2014 VALUATION
 
GRANT DATE FAIR
 
2014 VALUATION
 
GRANT DATE FAIR
 
TOWERS WATSON
 
 
FACTOR
 
VALUE
 
FACTOR
 
VALUE
 
VS. ACCOUNTING
 
2014 – Share-Based Award
55%
 
C$32.29
 
47.5%
 
C$27.91
 
C$4.38
 

56 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
 
(2) 
Valuation Disclosure for Option-Based Awards — Consistent with disclosure requirements, the following (a) summarizes the methodology and key assumptions used to calculate the fair value of awards at the grant date and (b) discloses where the fair value used for accounting and financial reporting purposes. For 2014 option-based awards, the fair value of awards at the grant date, as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, reflects the number of stock options awarded multiplied by the value calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. This methodology was selected as it provides alignment throughout the compensation review process by using the same methodology for benchmarking, grant and disclosure purposes. The value differs from the value reported for accounting purposes due to the differences in valuation input assumptions, as provided on page 58. For 2012 and 2013 option-based awards, the fair value of awards at the grant date, as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, reflects the number of stock options awarded multiplied by the accounting fair value of awards.

A summary of the 2014 valuation factors calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology as well as under the accounting valuation methodology is presented in the following table. Detailed assumptions for both methodologies are presented on page 58.

 
TOWERS WATSON EXPECTED LIFE BINOMIAL
 
ACCOUNTING VALUATION
     
 
METHODOLOGY
 
METHODOLOGY
 
VARIANCE
 
 
2014 VALUATION
 
GRANT DATE FAIR
 
2014 VALUATION
 
GRANT DATE FAIR
 
TOWERS WATSON
 
 
FACTOR
 
VALUE
 
FACTOR
 
VALUE
 
VS. ACCOUNTING
 
2014 – Option-Based Award
20%
 
C$11.74
 
18.9%
 
C$11.08
 
C$0.66
 
 
(3)
LTI Valuation Comparison — CN changed its equity valuation methodology in 2014 to reinforce alignment through its compensation review process. As a result, the LTI values disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table for 2014 are calculated using the Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology. As a result of the change in valuation methodology, comparison between 2014 share-based and option-based award values and historical values is challenging. For comparison purposes, a supplementary Summary Compensation Table for the President and Chief Executive Officer is provided below which shows the grant date fair values for share-based and option-based awards for 2012, 2013 and 2014 solely using the accounting fair value of awards.
 
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION
YEAR
SALARY
(C$)
SHARE-BASED
AWARDS
(C$ )
OPTION-
BASED
AWARDS
(C$ )
NON-EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN
COMPENSATION –
ANNUAL
INCENTIVE
PLANS
(C$)
PENSION
VALUE
(C$)
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION
(C$)
TOTAL
COMPENSATION
(C$)
Claude Mongeau
2014
1,187,338
2,916,316
1,994,400
2,544,099
40,000
82,988
8,765,141
President and
2013
1,055,648
3,210,050
1,609,300
1,644,443
628,000
82,191
8,229,632
Chief Executive Officer
2012
999,600
2,654,030
1,698,400
2,208,678
314,000
84,797
7,959,505
 
(4)
Represents the incentive award earned under the AIBP for the applicable year. Refer to page 45 for the details of the AIBP.

(5)
Includes the compensatory value of pension benefits as reported in the “Defined Benefit Plans” and “Defined Contribution Plans” tables in the “Pension Plan Benefits” section on page 65.

(6)
Includes the value of perquisites, personal benefits and other compensation (as applicable), for example post-retirement benefits or the Employer contribution under the ESIP. Perquisites and other personal benefits that in aggregate amount to less than C$50,000 or 10% of the total salary for any of the NEOs are not reported in this column. Details are provided in the table on page 59. Amounts for Mr. Vena include tax protection payments made on behalf of Mr. Vena for United States income taxes paid in excess of Canadian income taxes on stock options exercised in 2011 and 2012, as Mr. Vena’s duties were required to be performed in the United States. The tax protection amount paid in 2012 was C$15,644.

(7)
Mr. Jobin’s share-based award includes 3,669 deferred share units which represent the 25% company-match awarded under the VIDP and vest over 4 years, upon the deferral of his 2011 AIBP. The grant date fair value of the award was calculated by multiplying the number of units by C$37.82, the share price on the day of the award.

(8)
The pension plan value stated for Mr. Jobin excludes the notional investment earnings (and losses) from the Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. Refer to page 65 for details of the Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans.

(9)
The increase in pension value for Mr. Vena is mostly attributable to his appointment as Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer of CN on February 19, 2013, which increased his projected pensionable earnings.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 57
 
 

 

Extension to Notes (1) and (2) of the Summary Compensation Table on the Calculation of Grant Date Fair Value of Awards

The fair value of the LTI awards reflects their expected value on the date of the grant. In 2012 and 2013, the expected value was calculated in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 718 — Compensation — Stock Compensation, under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In 2014, the value was calculated based on Towers Watson expected life binomial methodology in an effort to align the valuation methodology used through the compensation review process for benchmarking, grant and disclosure purposes. Share-based awards represent the award of PSUs under the Share Units Plan. Option-based awards represent the award of stock options pursuant to the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value for PSUs and stock options considers the following assumptions:
 
SHARE-BASED
2012
2013
2013
2014
AWARDS (PSUs)
(JANUARY)
(JANUARY)
(FEBRUARY)
(FEBRUARY)
Closing share price on grant date (C$)
38.29
47.30
50.75
58.71
       
0.25% to 0.50% based on
Risk-free interest rate over term of the award (1)
1.05%
1.20%
1.21%
yield curve
Expected stock price volatility over term of the award (2)
22%
17%
17%
20%
Expected annual dividends per share (C$)
0.75
0.86
0.86
0.86
Expected term (3)
3 years
3 years
3 years
3 years
Resulting fair value per unit (C$)
18.86
27.25
34.08
32.29
 
OPTION-BASED
2012
2013
2013
2014
AWARDS
(JANUARY)
(JANUARY)
(FEBRUARY)
(FEBRUARY)
Closing share price on grant date (C$)
38.29
47.30
50.75
58.71
       
0.25% to 1.75% based on
Risk-free interest rate over term of the award (1)
1.33%
1.41%
1.48%
yield curve
Expected stock price volatility over term of the award (2)
26%
23%
23%
26%
Expected annual dividends per share (C$)
0.75
0.86
0.86
0.86
Expected term (3)
5.4 years 
5.4 years 
5.4 years 
6.25 years
Resulting fair value per stock option (C$)
7.72
8.47
9.36
11.74

(1)
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the award. The Towers Watson Expected Life Binomial model (2014) uses a yield curve for the risk-free interest rate (with different interest rates applying depending on the lattice node) rather than one particular rate.

(2)
Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award, and for option-based awards prior to 2014, also considers the implied volatility from traded options on the Company’s stock.

(3)
Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. For option-based awards, the Company uses historical data to estimate stock option exercise and employee termination. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behaviour are considered separately.

The share and option-based awards are sensitive to variations in accounting assumptions, in particular the risk-free interest rate and stock price volatility.

58 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

Details of “All Other Compensation” Amounts for 2014, 2013, and 2012 (1)

               
ALL OTHER
               
COMPENSATION
               
(TOTAL OF THE
   
PERQUISITES AND OTHER
   
OTHER
 
TWO PREVIOUS
   
PERSONAL BENEFITS(2)
 
COMPENSATION
 
COLUMNS)
NAME
YEAR
 
(C$)
   
(C$)
 
(C$ )
Claude Mongeau
2014
Company-leased vehicle:
16,364
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
25,174 (3)
 
82,988
   
Financial counselling:
16,300
 
Post-retirement benefits:
2,600 (4)
   
   
Healthcare benefits and life insurance:
8,402
         
   
Other perquisites:
14,148
         
                 
 
2013
Company-leased vehicle:
16,594
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
22,025 (3)
 
82,191
   
Financial counselling:
15,980
 
Post-retirement benefits:
2,800 (4)
   
   
Healthcare benefits and life insurance:
9,083
         
   
Other perquisites:
15,709
         
                 
 
2012
Company-leased vehicle:
19,325
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
21,027 (3)
 
84,797
   
Financial counselling:
15,744
 
Post-retirement benefits:
4,628 (4)
   
   
Healthcare benefits and life insurance:
9,715
         
   
Other perquisites:
14,358
         
                 
Luc Jobin
2014
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
14,621 (3)
 
21,021
         
Post-retirement benefits:
6,400 (4)
   
 
2013
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
12,894 (3)
 
18,694
         
Post-retirement benefits:
5,800 (4)
   
 
2012
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
12,091 (3)
 
16,591
         
Post-retirement benefits:
4,500 (4)
   
Jim Vena
2014
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
13,634 (3)
 
14,734
         
Post-retirement benefits:
1,100 (4)
   
 
2013
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
10,997 (3)
 
13,497
         
Post-retirement benefits:
2,500 (4)
   
 
2012
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
6,885 (3)
 
24,329
         
Post-retirement benefits:
1,800 (4)
   
         
Tax protection:
15,644 (5)
   
Jean-Jacques Ruest
2014
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
13,141 (3)
 
17,541
         
Post-retirement benefits:
4,400 (4)
   
 
2013
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
12,033 (3)
 
17,233
         
Post-retirement benefits:
5,200 (4)
   
 
2012
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
11,355 (3)
 
18,059
         
Post-retirement benefits:
6,704 (4)
   
Sean Finn
2014
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
12,258 (3)
 
15,458
         
Post-retirement benefits:
3,200 (4)
   
 
2013
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
11,346 (3)
 
14,846
         
Post-retirement benefits:
3,500 (4)
   
 
2012
 
Nil
 
ESIP Employer contribution:
10,787 (3)
 
16,126
         
Post-retirement benefits:
5,339 (4)
   

(1)
This table outlines the perquisites and other compensation received by NEOs in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The amounts are calculated based on the incremental cost to the Company. CN is not providing tax gross-ups on such perquisites and the policy on the usage of the corporate aircraft is restricted to business-related purposes, save for certain exceptional circumstances.

(2)
Perquisites and other personal benefits include the use of a company-leased vehicle, parking, club membership, executive physical exam, financial counselling and tax services, and certain healthcare benefits and life insurance coverage. The incremental cost to the Company is determined by the actual cost of the company-leased vehicle (including gas and maintenance fees), parking, club membership, annual executive physical exam, financial counselling and tax services and by the cost of certain healthcare benefits and life insurance coverage in excess of that offered to salaried employees. See section “Executive Perquisites” on page 48 for more details. Perquisites and other personal benefits that amount to less than C$50,000 (in aggregate) or 10% of total salary for any of the NEOs are reported as “Nil” in this column.

(3)
Represents the value of the Company-match under the ESIP.

(4)
Represents the service cost for post-retirement benefits, if applicable.

(5)
Amounts for Mr. Vena include tax protection payments made on behalf of Mr. Vena for United States income taxes paid in excess of Canadian income taxes on stock options exercised in 2011 and 2012, as Mr. Vena’s duties were required to be performed in the United States. The tax protection amount paid in 2012 was C$15,644.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 59
 
 

 
 

INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS

Share-Based and Option-Based Awards in 2014

The following table shows information regarding grants of PSUs made to NEOs under the Share Units Plan, and grants of stock options made under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan in 2014.

                 
SHARE PRICE
 
AWARD’S GRANT
         
SECURITIES, UNITS
     
ON DATE
 
DATE FAIR
         
OR OTHER RIGHTS
 
END OF PLAN PERIOD
 
OF GRANT
 
VALUE(1)
NAME
GRANT DATE
 
AWARD TYPE
 
(#)
 
OR EXPIRY DATE
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
Claude Mongeau
February 3, 2014
 
PSUs (2)
 
104,490
 
December 31, 2016
 
58.71
 
3,373,982
     
Options (3)
 
180,000
 
February 3, 2024
 
58.71
 
2,113,200
Luc Jobin
February 3, 2014
 
PSUs (2)
 
31,780
 
December 31, 2016
 
58.71
 
1,026,176
     
Options (3)
 
63,560
 
February 3, 2024
 
58.71
 
746,194
Jim Vena
February 3, 2014
 
PSUs (2)
 
31,780
 
December 31, 2016
 
58.71
 
1,026,176
     
Options (3)
 
63,560
 
February 3, 2024
 
58.71
 
746,194
Jean-Jacques Ruest
February 3, 2014
 
PSUs (2)
 
30,060
 
December 31, 2016
 
58.71
 
970,637
     
Options (3)
 
60,120
 
February 3, 2024
 
58.71
 
705,809
Sean Finn
February 3, 2014
 
PSUs (2)
 
25,770
 
December 31, 2016
 
58.71
 
832,113
     
Options (3)
 
51,540
 
February 3, 2024
 
58.71
 
605,080

(1)
The grant date fair values reported for PSUs and stock options are calculated using the same assumptions as described in the extension to footnotes 1 and 2 of the Summary Compensation Table on page 56.

(2)
The PSUs granted in 2014 were made under the Share Units Plan. Under this plan, the payout is subject to the attainment of average ROIC targets for the plan period that determine the applicable performance vesting factor (as an example, threshold, target, and maximum performance levels are 50%, 100% and 150% respectively). The payout is also conditional to meeting a minimum share price condition of C$59.65 or U.S.$56.04, as described under “Performance Share Units: 2014 Award” on page 47.

(3)
The stock options granted in 2014 were made under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan and vest over a period of four years, with 25% of the stock options vesting at each anniversary date of the award. Unexercised stock options shall expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of the award. See section “Management Long-Term Incentive Plan” on page 63 for a description of the plan.
 
 
60 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards

The following table shows all awards made to NEOs and outstanding on December 31, 2014.

     
OPTION-BASED AWARDS (1)
     
SHARE-BASED AWARDS
   
                             
MARKET OR
                             
PAYOUT VALUE
                     
NUMBER OF
 
MARKET OR
 
OF VESTED
 
NUMBER OF
                 
SHARES OR
 
PAYOUT VALUE
 
SHARE-BASED
 
SECURITIES
             
VALUE OF
 
UNITS OF
 
OF SHARE-
 
AWARDS THAT
 
UNDERLYING
 
OPTION
 
OPTION
     
UNEXERCISED
 
SHARES THAT
 
BASED AWARDS
 
HAVE NOT PAID
 
UNEXERCISED
 
EXERCISE
 
EXERCISE
 
OPTION
 
IN-THE-MONEY
 
HAVE NOT
 
THAT HAVE
 
OUT OR
 
OPTIONS
 
PRICE (2)
 
PRICE (2)
 
EXPIRATION
 
OPTIONS (3)
 
VESTED (4)
 
NOT VESTED (5)
 
DISTRIBUTED (6)
NAME
(#)
 
($)
 
(C$)
 
DATE
 
(C$)
 
(#)
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
Claude Mongeau
180,000
 
52.93 USD
 
61.40
 
2024/02/03
 
65,652,368
 
222,290
 
17,770,416
 
49,779,246
 
190,000
 
47.18 USD
 
54.73
 
2023/01/24
               
 
220,000
 
38.19 USD
 
44.30
 
2022/01/26
               
 
240,000
 
34.71 USD
 
40.26
 
2021/01/27
               
 
256,000
 
25.62 USD
 
29.72
 
2020/01/28
               
 
160,000
 
17.09 USD
 
19.82
 
2019/01/26
               
 
120,000
 
24.04 USD
 
27.89
 
2018/01/24
               
 
92,000
 
22.34 USD
 
25.91
 
2017/01/25
               
 
120,000
 
22.46 USD
 
26.06
 
2016/01/27
               
Luc Jobin
63,560
 
52.93 USD
 
61.40
 
2024/02/03
 
17,826,720
 
69,542
 
5,559,583
 
9,142,746
 
69,400
 
47.18 USD
 
54.73
 
2023/01/24
               
 
80,960
 
38.19 USD
 
44.30
 
2022/01/26
               
 
83,840
 
34.71 USD
 
40.26
 
2021/01/27
               
 
97,400
 
25.62 USD
 
29.72
 
2020/01/28
               
 
70,000
 
22.19 USD
 
25.74
 
2019/06/01
               
Jim Vena
63,560
 
52.93 USD
 
61.40
 
2024/02/03
 
7,498,813
 
62,180
 
4,970,824
 
3,729,376
 
44,600
 
50.15 USD
 
58.18
 
2023/02/19
               
 
16,200
 
47.18 USD
 
54.73
 
2023/01/24
               
 
19,560
 
38.19 USD
 
44.30
 
2022/01/26
               
 
20,960
 
34.71 USD
 
40.26
 
2021/01/27
               
 
30,200
 
25.62 USD
 
29.72
 
2020/01/28
               
 
24,000
 
17.09 USD
 
19.82
 
2019/01/26
               
 
8,700
 
24.04 USD
 
27.89
 
2018/01/24
               
Jean-Jacques Ruest
60,120
 
52.93 USD
 
61.40
 
2024/02/03
 
20,812,925
 
62,840
 
5,023,586
 
17,225,596
 
65,560
 
47.18 USD
 
54.73
 
2023/01/24
               
 
76,200
 
38.19 USD
 
44.30
 
2022/01/26
               
 
78,600
 
34.71 USD
 
40.26
 
2021/01/27
               
 
87,400
 
25.62 USD
 
29.72
 
2020/01/28
               
 
40,000
 
20.96 CAD
 
20.96
 
2019/01/26
               
 
30,000
 
24.23 CAD
 
24.23
 
2018/01/24
               
 
33,600
 
26.35 CAD
 
26.35
 
2017/01/25
               
 
12,800
 
23.48 CAD
 
23.48
 
2016/06/12
               
 
23,200
 
25.81 CAD
 
25.81
 
2016/01/27
               
Sean Finn
51,540
 
52.93 USD
 
61.40
 
2024/02/03
 
8,033,985
 
54,690
 
4,372,055
 
4,141,820
 
57,840
 
47.18 USD
 
54.73
 
2023/01/24
               
 
69,080
 
38.19 USD
 
44.30
 
2022/01/26
               
 
73,360
 
34.71 USD
 
40.26
 
2021/01/27
               
 
2,400
 
25.62 USD
 
29.72
 
2020/01/28
               
 
2,100
 
17.09 USD
 
19.82
 
2019/01/26
               

(1)
Includes all stock options granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan and outstanding on December 31, 2014.

(2)
All stock option exercise prices shown are in Canadian dollars. Where applicable, stock option exercise prices in U.S. dollars resulting from stock option grants to NEOs made in U.S. dollars, were converted to Canadian dollars using the December 31, 2014 exchange rate of U.S.$1.00 = C$1.1601. The following table presents the option exercise prices that were converted to Canadian dollars:
 
 
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
   
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
OPTION EXPIRATION DATE
(U.S.$)
(C$)
 
OPTION EXPIRATION DATE
(U.S.$)
(C$)
2024/02/03
52.93
61.40
 
2020/01/28
25.62
29.72
2023/02/19
50.15
58.18
 
2019/06/01
22.19
25.74
2023/01/24
47.18
54.73
 
2019/01/26
17.09
19.82
2022/01/26
38.19
44.30
 
2018/01/24
24.04
27.89
2021/01/27
34.71
40.26
 
2017/01/25
22.34
25.91
       
2016/01/27
22.46
26.06

(3)
The value of unexercised in-the-money stock options at financial year-end for stock options granted to NEOs in Canadian dollars is the difference between the closing share price of the common shares on December 31, 2014, on the TSX (C$80.02) and the exercise price. The value of unexercised in-the-money stock options at financial year-end for stock options granted to NEOs in U.S. dollars is the difference between the closing share price of the common shares on December 31, 2014 on the NYSE (U.S.$68.91) converted to Canadian dollars based on the December 31, 2014 exchange rate of U.S.$1 = C$1.1601 (i.e. U.S.$68.91 × 1.1601 = C$79.94) and the exercise price converted to Canadian dollars using this same exchange rate. Please refer to Note 2 of this table for additional details. This value has not been, and may never be, realized. The actual gains, if any, will depend on the value of the common shares on the date of exercise.
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 61
 
 

 


(4)
Includes all PSUs outstanding on December 31, 2014 that have not vested on such date under the Share Units Plan. Payouts for these units are conditional upon meeting performance criteria and a minimum share price condition that may or may not be achieved. For Mr. Jobin, the value also includes the company-matched DSUs outstanding on December 31, 2014 (3,062 units) that have not vested on such date under the VIDP. Under the plan, company-match DSUs vest over four years, at a rate of 25% per year.

(5)
The value of outstanding share units awarded under the Share Units Plan is based on the closing price of the common shares on the TSX on December 31, 2014 (C$80.02) assuming that the target average ROIC objective (i.e. 100%) and the minimum share price condition are met. In accordance with the plan, a performance vesting factor between 0% and 150% will apply to the awarded share units. For Mr. Jobin, the value of the company-matched DSUs awarded under the VIDP is based on the closing price of the common shares on the TSX on December 31, 2014 (C$80.02) and is equivalent to C$245,007.

(6)
Includes the value as at December 31, 2014 of the 2012 PSU awards granted under the Share Units Plan based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the TSX of C$80.02. The average ROIC for the period ending on December 31, 2014 was 16.57%, exceeding the target for the plan period. The performance vesting factor was therefore 150% and the minimum share price condition was also met. Payout for the 2012 PSU award occurred in February 2015 and was based on the average 20-day share price for the period ending January 31, 2015 (C$81.18/U.S.$66.86). Also includes the value as at December 31, 2014 of the DSUs that have vested under the terms of the VIDP and the Senior Executive Bonus Share Plan based on the closing share price of the Company’s common shares on the TSX of C$80.02. Units held under these deferred compensation plans are only payable upon cessation of employment (please refer to page 64 for more details on the Company’s Deferred Compensation Plans). The following table provides the breakdown, for each of the NEOs, of the market value of vested share-based awards that were not paid out or distributed on December 31, 2014:

   
ACCUMULATED
 
 
2012 PSUs
DSUs
TOTAL
NEOs
(C$)
(C$)
(C$)
Claude Mongeau
16,879,058
32,900,188
49,779,246
Luc Jobin
4,854,108
4,288,638
9,142,746
Jim Vena
1,172,756
2,556,620
3,729,376
Jean-Jacques Ruest
4,568,713
12,656,883
17,225,596
Sean Finn
4,141,820
0
4,141,820

Incentive Plan Awards – Value Vested or Earned During the Year

The following table shows the value from incentive plans vested or earned by NEOs under the Company’s incentive plans, including the annual incentive bonus, PSUs, DSUs and stock options earned during the financial year ended December 31, 2014.

         
NON-EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
 
 
OPTION-BASED AWARDS – VALUE
 
SHARE-BASED AWARDS – VALUE
 
COMPENSATION – VALUE
 
 
VESTED DURING THE YEAR
(1)
VESTED DURING THE YEAR
(2)
EARNED DURING THE YEAR
(3)
NAME
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
Claude Mongeau
4,159,288
 
16,879,058
 
2,544,099
 
Luc Jobin
1,531,537
 
5,012,797
 
988,405
 
Jim Vena
488,895
 
1,172,756
 
883,532
 
Jean-Jacques Ruest
1,409,128
 
4,568,713
 
922,512
 
Sean Finn
1,344,993
 
4,141,820
 
833,045
 

(1)
Represents the value of the potential gains from stock options granted under the Management Long-Term Incentive Plan in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 that vested during the 2014 financial year. These grants all vest over four years, with 25% of stock options vesting on each anniversary date (see section “Management Long-Term Incentive Plan” starting on page 63 for a description of the Plan). The potential gains are calculated as the difference between the closing price of the common shares on each of the stock option grant anniversary dates in 2014 and the exercise price, converted to Canadian dollars when applicable using the exchange rate on such vesting date (see “Currency Exchange Information” on page 68). This value has not been, and may never be, realized. The actual gains, if any, will depend on the value of the common shares on the date of exercise.

(2)
Includes PSUs granted in 2012 that vested on December 31, 2014 under the Share Units Plan and, for Mr. Jobin, the 25% of the Company-matched DSUs that vested on January 31, 2014 under the VIDP. The PSU values included in the table have been calculated by multiplying the number of units granted by the performance vesting factor of 150% and by the closing price of the common shares on December 31, 2014 on the TSX (C$80.02). As provided under the plan, the actual payout occurred in February 2015 and was based on the average 20-day share price for the period ending January 31, 2015 (C$81.18/U.S.$66.86).

(3)
Represents the amount of bonus earned under the AIBP for the financial year ending on December 31, 2014.

Incentive Plan Awards – Value of Exercised Stock Options and Performance Share Units Paid During the Year

The following table lists the number of shares acquired and the value realized as a result of stock options exercised by NEOs in 2014 as well as PSUs which vested on December 31, 2014. For stock options exercised, the value realized is calculated by multiplying the number of shares acquired by the difference between the exercise price and the market price of CN common shares on the exercise date.

 
STOCK OPTIONS
 
PSUs
     
         
VALUE REALIZED
     
 
NUMBER OF SHARES
 
VALUE REALIZED ON EXERCISE
 
ON DECEMBER 31, 2014
 
TOTAL VALUE REALIZED
 
NAME
ACQUIRED ON EXERCISE
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
Claude Mongeau
160,000
 
9,333,703
 
16,879,058
 
26,212,761
 
Luc Jobin
0
 
0
 
4,854,108
 
4,854,108
 
Jim Vena
0
 
0
 
1,172,756
 
1,172,756
 
Jean-Jacques Ruest
32,000
 
1,444,669
 
4,568,713
 
6,013,382
 
Sean Finn
98,800
 
4,222,923
 
4,141,820
 
8,364,743
 

62 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

MANAGEMENT LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

The Management Long-Term Incentive Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 7, 1996 and amended on April 28, 1998, April 21, 2005, April 24, 2007, March 4, 2008 and on January 27, 2015.

Eligible participants under the Plan are employees of the Company or its affiliates as determined by the Board of Directors. Pursuant to an amendment approved by the Board of Directors on March 8, 2005, grants cannot be made to non-executive Board directors under the Plan. While they remained as participants in the Plan for previous grants, the last time non-executive Board directors received stock options was in 2002, which stock options have all expired on January 25, 2012. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued under the Plan is 120,000,000. The following table provides information on the status of the reserve and the number of shares issued and issuable under the Plan, as at December 31, 2014.

STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING AND AVAILABLE FOR GRANT AS OF FEBRUARY 28, 2014

 
# COMMON
 
% OF OUTSTANDING
 
 
SHARES
 
COMMON SHARES
 
Stock options already granted and outstanding
8,054,207
 
1.00%
 
Stock options issuable under the Plan
18,408,405
 
2.28%
 
Shares issued following the exercise of stock options
93,537,388
 
11.59%
 

The following table presents information concerning stock options granted under the Plan as at December 31 of the years indicated below.

 
2014
 
2013
 
Number of stock options granted during the year
961,490
 
1,063,920
 
Number of employees who were granted stock options
195
 
199
 
Number of stock options outstanding at year-end
7,537,564
 
7,684,324
 
Weighted average exercise price of stock options outstanding
C$37.37
 
C$30.97
 
Number of stock options granted as a % of outstanding shares
0.12%
 
0.13%
 
Number of stock options exercised
1,079,870
 
1,448,406
 

The maximum number of common shares that may be issued and/or be the subject of a grant to any one participant in a particular year is 20% of the awards in that year. The maximum aggregate number of common shares, with regard to which awards may be made to any participant under the Plan and under any other plan which the Company has or may eventually have, shall not exceed 5% of the common shares issued and outstanding. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued to insiders, at any time, under all security based compensation, cannot exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares. Also pursuant to the March 8, 2005 amendment, the maximum number of common shares with regard to which awards may be made during a calendar year is limited to 1% of the outstanding common shares at the beginning of that year. As demonstrated in the previous table, the number of stock options granted is well below the 1% limitation. Stock options are non-transferable except, in certain circumstances, upon the death of the holder of such stock options.

Stock Option Features

Grant Currency
 
Same currency as the recipient’s salary
Exercise Price
 
At least equal to the closing share price of the common shares on the TSX or the NYSE (depending on the grant currency) on the grant date.
Term
 
Ten years
Vesting Criteria
 
Stock options may become exercisable on the anniversary date (“conventional stock options”) and/or upon meeting performance targets (“performance options”) as established for each grant.
     
   
Since 2005, grants have been of conventional stock options, which vest over four years, with 25% of stock options vesting on each anniversary.
Termination Conditions
 
Stock options shall be cancelled upon the termination of a participant’s employment for cause or if the participant voluntarily terminates employment.
     
   
In the event that a participant’s employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause, all stock options held by such participant shall be cancelled three months after termination of the participant’s employment.
     
   
In the case of retirement, stock options are cancelled three years after the retirement date.
     
   
In the event of a participant’s death, all available stock options may be exercised by the estate within a period of twelve months.
     
   
In the event non-compete, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other conditions of the grant are breached, stock options shall be forfeited and cancelled.
     
   
These conditions are subject to the discretion of the Committee.
 
At the 2007 annual meeting, shareholders approved an ordinary resolution­ confirming the addition of new amendment provisions to the Plan. Such amendment provisions state that the Board of Directors or the Committee, as provided in the Plan or pursuant to a specific delegation and in accordance with applicable legislation and regulations, may amend any of the provisions of the Plan or suspend or terminate the Plan or amend the terms of any then outstanding award of stock options under the Plan (the “Options”) provided, however, that the Company shall obtain shareholder approval for:

(i)
any amendment to the maximum number of common shares issuable under the Plan, except for adjustments in the event that such shares are subdivided, consolidated, converted or reclassified by the Company or that any other action of a similar nature affecting such shares is taken by the Company (a “Share Adjustment”);
 
(ii)
any amendment which would allow non-employee directors to be eligible for new awards under the Plan;

(iii)
any amendment which would permit any Option granted under the Plan to be transferable or assignable other than by will or pursuant to succession laws (estate settlements);

(iv)
the addition of a cashless exercise feature, payable in cash or common shares, which does not provide for a full deduction of the number of underlying shares from the Plan reserve;
 
(v)
the addition in the Plan of deferred or performance share unit provisions or any other provisions which result in participants receiving common shares while no cash consideration is received by the Company;

(vi)
any reduction in the exercise price of an Option after the Option has been granted to a participant or any cancellation of an Option and the substitution of that Option by a new Option with a reduced exercise price granted to the same participant, except in the case of a Share Adjustment;
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 63
 
 

 

 
(vii)
any extension to the term of an outstanding Option beyond the original expiry date, except in the case of an extension due to a blackout period;

(viii)
any increase to the maximum number of common shares that may be issued:

 
a.
under the Plan to anyone participant during any calendar year; or

 
b.
under the Plan and under any other plan to anyone participant, and

(ix)
the addition in the Plan of any form of financial assistance and any amendment to a financial assistance provision which is more favourable to participants.

No amendment, suspension or termination shall, except with the written consent or the deemed consent of the participants concerned, affect the terms and conditions of Options previously granted under the Plan, unless the rights of the participants shall then have terminated in accordance with the Plan.

On March 4, 2008, the Plan was amended to include a “double trigger provision”. Pursuant to such provisions, provided that a proper substitute is granted, the vesting of non-performance-based stock options held by a participant would not accelerate upon a Change of Control, unless the participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason. Please refer to “Change of Control Provisions” on page 49 for more details on such amendment.

On January 27, 2015, the Plan was amended to make certain changes to the retirement definition. Before January 27, 2015, the retirement definition of the Plan was based on the retirement definition of pension plans. All reporting and non-reporting Company insiders were subject to a retirement definition providing for a minimum retirement age of 55. The amended retirement definition maintains the retirement age at 55 and introduces a minimum continuous service condition of five (5) years to be eligible for continued vesting and exercise of stock options upon retirement. The plan amendment also provides the President and CEO with the option to waive or reduce, on an individual basis, the continuous service condition of five (5) years. The President and CEO may also reduce the retirement age condition to not lower than 55 years of age for Options granted prior to January 27, 2015.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan was introduced by the Company in 2002. This plan allows NEOs and other senior management employees to elect to defer up to 100% of their annual bonus, PSU payouts and other amounts paid under an eligible incentive plan (as approved by the Board of Directors) into deferred share units (the “DSUs”) payable in cash upon retirement or termination of employment. A DSU is equivalent to a common share of the Company and earns notional dividends, which are re-invested into additional DSUs, when cash dividends are paid on the Company’s common shares. The amount deferred is converted into a number of units at the deferral date, using the 20-day average closing share price on the deferral date. Deferral elections are made at least six months prior to the end of the performance period of the incentive plan. The maximum total amount participants can defer to DSUs is equivalent to their ownership requirement under the Stock Ownership guidelines (see section on “Stock Ownership” under “Other Key Compensation Programs of the Company” on page 48 for a detailed description). In other words, the election to receive eligible incentive payments in DSUs is not available to a participant when the market value of the participant’s vested DSU account is sufficient to meet the Company’s stock ownership guidelines.

The Company also credits a company match equal to 25% of the number of DSUs resulting from an eligible deferral. These company-matched DSUs vest over a period of four years (25% per year) from the deferral date.

The payout of the DSUs is established based on the 20-day average closing share price at the retirement or termination date and includes the vested company-matched DSUs as well as notional dividends accrued over the deferral period. A lump sum payment is made to eligible Canadian executives following their termination. For eligible U.S. tax payers, in compliance with U.S. tax regulations, payment of amounts deferred or vested after December 31, 2004 is made after a six-month waiting period as a lump sum or in monthly instalments not exceeding ten years, in accordance with the executive’s irrevocable election.

Due to its tax effectiveness and the additional match provided by the Company, this plan offers an opportunity for executives to increase their ownership in CN, linking their future returns to the share price performance. Certain executives hold DSUs in accordance with past awards made under the Senior Executive Bonus Share Rights Plan. These awards, which vested in January 2001, are payable upon their retirement or termination date. No additional awards may be made under this plan.

No modification to the nature of the deferrals under both plans can be made, unless the Board of Directors approves an amendment of the plans. In October 2014, CN modified its Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan in order to settle future award payouts in CN common shares purchased on the open market rather than cash. The changes will affect DSU awards made in 2016 or after. Following the modification of the Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan, executives, including NEOs and senior management employees, were offered a one-time election to settle future payouts of previously granted DSU awards in CN common shares purchased on the open market rather than cash and according to the plan terms.
 
 

EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS

President and CEO

Claude Mongeau was appointed President and CEO of the Company effective January 1, 2010. The Board of Directors, upon the recommendation of the Committee, approved, at its April 20, 2009 meeting, the terms and conditions of Mr. Mongeau’s employment. Mr. Mongeau’s employment as President and CEO is not for a fixed term; he serves at the will of the Board.

The President and CEO is eligible for the same compensation, benefit plans and programs as the other executives except for the following:

Under the AIBP, his target payout is 120% of base salary with a payout ranging from 0% to 240%.

Mr. Mongeau’s supplemental pension plan remains in effect, but the annual pension benefit payable under this plan upon retirement is capped at U.S.$1,000,000. See also the “Pension Plan Benefits” section that starts on page 65.

Mr. Mongeau is required to maintain a minimum level of stock ownership equivalent to five times his annual salary. He is also required to maintain this stock ownership level for one year following retirement.

Mr. Mongeau is limited to participating in only one outside public company board.

Other NEOs

The Company has not entered into formal employment agreements with the other NEOs. It has only provided appointment letters setting forth general details of employment which are all described in this Information Circular.
 
64 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 

PENSION PLAN BENEFITS

Canadian Pension Plans and Other Retirement Arrangements

CN’S PRINCIPAL PENSION PLAN (“CNPP”) AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT PENSION PLAN (“SMPP”)
 
Messrs. Mongeau, Vena, Ruest and Finn participate in the CNPP and SMPP, which are federally-registered defined benefit pension plans designed to provide retirement benefits based on pensionable years of service and highest average earnings. Highest average earnings are defined as the average pensionable earnings during the last 60 months of compensated service or the best five consecutive calendar years, whichever is greater. Under the CNPP, pensionable earnings consist of base salary and overtime. Under the SMPP, pensionable earnings include base salary, overtime, and bonuses paid by the Company under the AIBP, up to the employee’s target level. In 2014, the aggregate annual retirement benefit payable under both plans is subject to a maximum of C$2,770 per year of pensionable service and is calculated as follows:

1.7% of highest average earnings up to the average year’s maximum pensionable earnings (the “YMPE”) as defined under the Quebec/Canada Pension Plan, multiplied by the number of years of pensionable service (maximum 35 years)
 
plus
 
2.0% of highest average earnings in excess of the YMPE, multiplied by the number of years of pensionable service (maximum 35 years).

Under both plans, if the sum of the participant’s age and years of pensionable service is at least 85 and the participant is age 55 or over at the time of retirement from active employment, the participant is eligible to receive an immediate, unreduced pension, subject to Company consent. Retirement benefits vest immediately when participation begins.

SPECIAL RETIREMENT STIPEND

Executives and senior management employees who participate in the CNPP also participate in a non-registered, supplemental executive retirement program called the Special Retirement Stipend (the “SRS”). SRS participants enter into an agreement, which includes confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation clauses.

Messrs. Mongeau, Vena, Ruest and Finn have each signed an SRS agreement.

The annual amount payable under the SRS equals 2% of the employee’s highest average earnings in excess of the average earnings that result in the maximum pension under the CNPP and SMPP (approximately C$145,976 in 2014), multiplied by the number of years of pensionable service (maximum 35 years).

Earnings consist of base salary and bonuses paid by the Company under the AIBP, up to the employee’s target level.

If the sum of the participant’s age and years of pensionable service is at least 85 and the participant is age 55 or over at the time of retirement, the participant is eligible to receive an immediate, unreduced SRS benefit, subject to the conditions set out in the agreement.

SRS benefits for employees who entered into an SRS agreement prior to July 1, 2002 vest after two years of employment. For employees who entered into an SRS agreement on or after July 1, 2002, the SRS benefits become vested only if the employee remains in active service for two years and until the age of 55. SRS retirement benefits are paid out of operating funds and secured through letters of credit.

Mr. Mongeau’s annual benefit payable under the SRS shall not exceed U.S.$1,000,000 (C$1,160,100).

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLAN FOR EXECUTIVES AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT (THE “DCPP”)

Mr. Jobin participates in the DCPP.

The DCPP is a federally-registered defined contribution pension plan that was introduced for executives and senior management employees on January 1, 2006. For non-unionized employees other than executives and senior management, a separate defined contribution plan was also introduced on the same date. Executives and senior management employees hired prior to January 1, 2006 had a one-time opportunity to either join the DCPP or maintain participation in the CNPP and SMPP mentioned above. Messrs. Mongeau, Vena, Ruest and Finn elected to remain in the CNPP and SMPP. Executives and senior management employees hired on or after January 1, 2006 automatically join the DCPP.

Executives participating in the DCPP contribute a specific percentage of their pensionable earnings into their account and the Company contributes the same percentage, subject to the maximum contribution imposed by the Canadian Income Tax Act (C$24,930 in 2014).

The contribution percentage for executives depends on age and service as follows:

POINTS (SUM OF AGE AND SERVICE)
% OF PENSIONABLE EARNINGS
Up to 39
6%
40–49
7%
50–59
8%
60 and above
9%

Pensionable earnings include base salary and bonuses payable under the AIBP up to the employee’s target level. All contributions vest immediately and are invested in various investment funds as selected by the participant. No withdrawals or distributions are permitted prior to employment termination.

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLAN (THE “DC SERP”)

Mr. Jobin participates in the DC SERP.

The DC SERP is a non-registered defined contribution pension plan designed to provide executives and senior management employees with retirement benefits in excess of the Canadian Income Tax Act limits applicable to the DCPP described above. Once contributions have reached the limit prescribed by the Canadian Income Tax Act in the DCPP in a given year, an amount equal to employer and employee contributions in excess of the limit is gradually credited by the Company to a notional account under the DC SERP. These notional contributions vest after two years of employment. Employees do not contribute to the DC SERP.

Notional contributions accrue investment credits using investment options as selected by the participant in the DCPP. No withdrawals or distributions are permitted prior to employment termination.

Effective January 1, 2011, the DC SERP was amended to include certain confidentiality, non-compete, non-solicitation and other covenants as a condition of payment of retirement benefits accruing as of the effective date.

CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015 65
 
 

 


Defined Benefit Plans Table

The following amounts have been calculated using the actuarial assumptions disclosed in Note 12 — Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, on page 73 of the 2014 Annual Report and in Note 11 — Pensions, on page 71 of the 2013 Annual Report, available on the Company’s website at www.cn.ca and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The amounts calculated in this table are estimates only and are based on assumptions, which may or may not materialize. Amounts shown in this table include pension benefits from the Company’s defined benefit registered pension plans and non-registered supplemental pension arrangements for 2014 and are in Canadian dollars.
 
NAME
NUMBER OF
YEARS OF
CREDITED
SERVICE
(#)
ANNUAL BENEFITS PAYABLE
OPENING
PRESENT
VALUE OF
DEFINED
BENEFIT
OBLIGATION (3)
(C$)
COMPENSATORY CHANGE (1)
(C$)
NON-COMPENSATORY
CHANGE (4)
(C$)
CLOSING
PRESENT
VALUE OF
DEFINED
BENEFIT
OBLIGATION(3)
(C$)
AT YEAR
END
(C$)
AT AGE 65 (2)
(C$)
SERVICE
COST
IMPACT
OF SALARY/
BONUS
IMPACT
OF PLAN
CHANGES
TOTAL
Claude Mongeau
20.67
1,056,000
1,291,000
12,014,000
615,000
(575,000)
0
40,000
4,409,000
16,463,000
Jim Vena
35.00
563,000
792,000
8,132,000
110,000
178,000
0
288,000
2,919,000
11,339,000
Jean-Jacques Ruest
18.67
394,000
507,000
4,557,000
253,000
(58,000)
0
195,000
1,449,000
6,201,000
Sean Finn
21.00
425,000
590,000
5,056,000
248,000
(66,000)
0
182,000
1,655,000
6,893,000

(1)
The change in present value that is attributable to compensation includes the service cost net of employee contributions, the increase in earnings in excess or below what was assumed and the impact of plan changes. The service cost net of employee contributions is the estimated value of the employer portion of benefits accrued during the calendar year.

(2)
The projected pension is based on current compensation levels and assumes the executive will receive 80% of his target bonus for the years after 2014.

(3)
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is the value of the benefits accrued for all service to the specified point in time.

(4)
The change in present value that is not compensatory includes employee contributions, interest cost, changes in assumptions and gains and losses other than those resulting from a difference in earnings. The impact on the present value at the end of 2014 relating to the change in assumptions was mainly due to the decrease in the discount rate and the increase in the currency exchange rate, which increased the present value.

Defined Contribution Plans Table

The table below includes amounts from the Company’s registered and non-registered defined contribution plans.

 
ACCUMULATED VALUE
 
COMPENSATORY
   
NONCOMPENSATORY
   
ACCUMULATED VALUE
 
AT START OF YEAR
 
AMOUNT
(1)
 
AMOUNT
(2)
 
AT YEAR END
NAME
(C$)
 
(C$)
   
(C$)
   
(C$)
Luc Jobin (3)
790,380
 
180,833
   
113,237
   
1,084,450

(1)
Represents employer contributions and notional contributions.

(2)
Represents employee contributions and, if any, investment gains and losses and notional investment credits and losses.

(3)
Mr. Jobin participates in the Defined Contribution Pension Plan and DC SERP.

Non-Registered Plans Table

The following table provides the total present value for CN’s non-registered defined benefit and defined contribution plans. These amounts were determined using the actuarial assumptions disclosed in Note 12 — Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, on page 73 of the 2014 Annual Report and in Note 11 — Pensions, on page 71 of the 2013 Annual Report, available on the Company’s website at www.cn.ca and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Amounts include the value of pension benefits for active, deferred and retired executive and senior management participants for 2014.

 
OPENING PRESENT VALUE OF BENEFIT OBLIGATION
 
CLOSING PRESENT VALUE OF BENEFIT OBLIGATION
 
PLANS
(C$)
 
(C$)
 
Non-Registered Defined Benefit Plans in Canada and U.S.
284,500,000
 
347,900,000
(1)
Non-Registered Defined Contribution Plans in Canada and U.S.
2,300,000
 
3,200,000
 

(1)  The increase in the present value at the end of 2014 was mainly due to benefit accruals, the decrease in the discount rate, and the increase in the currency exchange rate.

66 CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
 

TERMINATION AND CHANGE OF CONTROL BENEFITS

The Company does not have contractual arrangements or other agreements in connection with termination, resignation, retirement, change of control or a change in responsibilities of a Named Executive Officer, other than the conditions provided in the compensation plans, and summarized as follows:
 
 
RESIGNATION
INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION
RETIREMENT
CHANGE OF CONTROL
TERMINATION FOR CAUSE
Annual Incentive Bonus Plan
Forfeits eligibility to the plan
Entitled to a bonus based on corporate and individual performance and prorated on active service in plan year
Entitled to a bonus based on corporate and individual performance and prorated on active service in plan year (minimum of 3 months), subject to providing a 6-month notice period prior to retirement
No specific provision
Forfeits eligibility to the plan
Stock Options (1)
All stock options are cancelled
Grants made before January 2009
 
Continued vesting for three months
 
Exercise of vested stock options within three months or otherwise forfeited
Grants made since January 2009
 
Continued vesting for three months
 
Exercise of vested stock options within three months or otherwise forfeited
Grants made before January 2009
 
Continued vesting for three years
 
Exercise of vested stock options within three years or otherwise forfeited
Grants made since January 2009
 
Subject to respect of 2-year non-compete, nonsolicitation and confidentiality provisions
 
Continued vesting for three years
 
Exercise of vested stock options within three years or otherwise forfeited
 
Since 2011, the above conditions only apply if the executive remains in continuous and active service until the last day of the year in which the grant was made
Grants made prior to March 4, 2008
 
Immediate vesting of conventional stock options
Grants made since March 4, 2008
 
If proper substitute is granted, immediate vesting would occur only if participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (2) within two years of the Change of Control
All stock options are cancelled
Performance Shares Units (1) All PSUs are cancelled
Partial payout if performance criteria met and prorated based on active service during the plan period
 
Subject to respect of 2-year non-compete, non-solicitation and confidentiality provisions
Full payout if performance criteria met and if the executive remains in continuous and active service until the last day of the year in which the grant was made
 
Subject to respect of 2-year non-compete, non-solicitation and confidentiality provisions
If proper substitute is granted, immediate vesting would occur only if participant is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (2) within two years of the Change in Control
All PSUs are cancelled
Deferred Share Units
Payment of all vested units, including the vested company- matched DSUs
Payment of all vested units, including the vested company-matched DSUs Payment of all vested units, including the vested company-matched DSUs Immediate vesting of unvested company-matched DSUs Payment of all vested units, including the vested company- matched DSUs
Registered Pension Plans
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits Payment of vested benefits
Non-Registered Pension Plans and Arrangements (1)
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits
Payment of vested benefits, except for SRS benefits which are forfeited
 
(1)
In the event of resignation, involuntary termination, retirement or change of control, the payment of awards or vested benefits is subject to certain non-compete, non-solicitation, non-disclosure of confidential information and other restrictive provisions as per the respective plan rules and arrangements.

(2)
A resignation for good reason may take place only during the twenty-four months following a change of control if (i) the executive is required to relocate his or her office or home base to a location that is outside a 100 kilometer radius of his or her office or home base immediately prior to the change of control or (ii) the executive is assigned a set of responsibilities and/or the employment or continued employment of the executive on terms and conditions that are not the substantial equivalent of such executive’s set of responsibilities and/or terms and conditions of employment in effect immediately prior to the change of control.

Severance entitlement payable to the NEOs would generally be determined in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
67
 
 

 

Involuntary Termination

In the event of an involuntary termination, an NEO would receive a severance amount generally in line with applicable legal requirements. No incremental amounts would be payable. Share-based awards, option-based awards and other benefits will be treated as per the terms of the plans under which they were granted, as described in the summary Termination and Change of Control Benefits table on page 67.

Retirement

On December 31, 2014, Mr. Vena was eligible for retirement with unreduced retirement benefits. Messrs. Ruest and Finn were also eligible for retirement but did not have sufficient service for unreduced retirement benefits. Had Messrs. Vena, Ruest and Finn retired on December 31, 2014, no incremental amounts would be payable. Share-based awards, option-based awards and other benefits will be treated as per the terms of the plans under which they were granted, as described in the summary Termination and Change of Control Benefits table on page 67.

Change of Control

The following table shows the incremental benefits that NEOs would have been entitled to had there been a change of control on December 31, 2014.

CHANGE OF CONTROL

NAME
SHARE
UNITS PLAN (1)
(C$)
STOCK
OPTIONS
(C$)
DEFERRED
SHARE UNITS (2)
(C$)
TOTAL
(C$)
Claude Mongeau
0
0
0
0
Luc Jobin
0
0
245,007
245,007
Jim Vena
0
0
0
0
Jean-Jacques Ruest
0
0
0
0
Sean Finn
0
0
0
0

(1)
An NEO would be eligible for immediate vesting only if no proper substitute is granted, or if the executive is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within two years of the change of control.

(2)
An NEO would be eligible for immediate vesting of the unvested company-matched deferred share units allocated to an executive following the deferral of compensation in previous years (see section “Deferred Compensation Plans” on page 64 for a description of the Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan). The value shown is equal to the number of deferred share units that would vest multiplied by the closing share price of common shares on December 31, 2014 (C$80.02).

 

CURRENCY EXCHANGE INFORMATION

Compensation disclosed in the section “Statement of Executive Compensation” that is paid in U.S. dollars was converted to Canadian dollars using the following currency exchange rates:

 
EXCHANGE RATE USED
ACTUAL RATE U.S.$1 = C$X
Salary
Average rate during the year
2014:
1.1045
All other compensation
 
2013:
1.0299
   
2012:
0.9996
Annual incentive bonus plan
When bonus is earned (i.e. December 31)
December 31, 2014:
1.1601
   
December 31, 2013:
1.0636
   
December 31, 2012:
0.9949
Pension value
December 31
December 31, 2014:
1.1601
Value of unexercised in-the-money options
 
December 31, 2013:
1.0636
Market value of share-based awards that have not vested
 
December 31, 2012:
0.9949
Non-equity incentive plan compensation –
     
Value earned during the year
     
Termination scenarios – incremental costs
     
Option-based awards – Value vested during the year
Actual vesting date of the grants made on:
February 19, 2014:
1.1082
 
February 19, 2013
January 24, 2014:
1.1073
 
January 24, 2013
January 26, 2014:
1.1073
 
January 26, 2012
January 27, 2014:
1.1112
 
January 27, 2011
January 28, 2014:
1.1156
 
January 28, 2010
   

 
68
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
OTHER INFORMATION


SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The table below indicates, as at December 31, 2014, certain information with respect to the Company’s management Long-Term Incentive Plan.

PLAN CATEGORY
NUMBER OF SECURITIES TO BE
ISSUED UPON EXERCISE
OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE
PRICE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
(C$)
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR
FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
(EXCLUDING SECURITIES
REFLECTED IN THE FIRST COLUMN)
Equity compensation plans approved by securityholders
7,537,564
37.37
19,242,358
Equity compensation plans not approved by securityholders
Nil
Nil
Nil
Total
7,537,564
37.37
19,242,358


INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

As of February 27, 2015, there was no outstanding indebtedness of current and former directors or officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, whether entered into in connection with the purchase of common shares of the Company or otherwise.
 

INTEREST OF INFORMED PERSONS
AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

The management of the Company is not aware of any material interest, direct or indirect, of any informed person of the Company, any proposed director or any associate or affiliate of any informed person or proposed director in any transaction since the commencement of the Company’s most recently completed financial year, or in any proposed transaction, that has materially affected or would materially affect the Company or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries.
 

SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

Shareholder proposals to be considered at the 2016 annual meeting of shareholders must be received at the head office of the Company no later than December 11, 2015, to be included in the Information Circular for such annual meeting.


AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTS

The Company is a reporting issuer in Canada and the United States and is required to file various documents, including an annual information form and financial statements. Financial information is provided in the Company’s comparative financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis for its most recently completed financial year. Copies of these documents and additional information relating to the Company are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, or may be obtained on request from the Corporate Secretary of the Company by calling (514) 399-7091 or Investor Relations at (514) 399-0052.
 

APPROVAL

The Board of Directors of the Company has approved the contents of this Information Circular and its sending to the shareholders.
 
 
 
(Signed) Sean Finn
Sean Finn
Executive Vice-President
Corporate Services and Chief Legal Officer
and Corporate Secretary

March 10, 2015
 
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SCHEDULE “A” – MANDATE OF THE BOARD
 
The Board has clearly delineated its role and the role of management. The role of the Board is to supervise the management of CN’s business and affairs, with the objective of increasing shareholder value. Management’s role is to conduct the day-to-day operations in a way that will meet this objective.

The Board approves all matters expressly required herein, under the Canada Business Corporations Act and other applicable legislation and CN’s Articles and By-laws. The Board may assign to Board committees the prior review of any issues it is responsible for, or as required by applicable laws. Board committee recommendations are generally subject to Board approval. The Board has delegated the approval of certain matters to management pursuant to its Standing Resolutions on Delegation of Authority, as amended from time to time.

Meetings of the Board are held at least nine times a year and as necessary.

As part of its stewardship responsibility, the Board advises management on significant business issues and has the following responsibilities:

A.
APPROVING CN’S STRATEGY

adopting a strategic planning process, approving and reviewing, on at least an annual basis, a business plan and a strategic framework which take into account, among other things, the opportunities and risks of the business, and monitoring the implementation of the business plan by management.

B.
ASSESSING AND OVERSEEING THE SUCCESSION PLANNING OF EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

appointing executive management and monitoring the President and Chief Executive Officer (the “President and CEO”) and executive management performance taking into consideration Board expectations and fixed objectives, approving the President and CEO’s corporate goals and objectives and approving annually the President and CEO and executive management compensation;

ensuring that an appropriate portion of the President and CEO and executive management compensation is tied to both the short- and longer-term performance of CN; and

taking all reasonable steps to ensure that processes are in place for the recruitment, training, development and retention of executives who exhibit the highest standards of integrity as well as competence.
 
C.
MONITORING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ISSUES AND BOARD RENEWAL

monitoring the size and composition of the Board to favour effective decision-making;

taking all reasonable measures to satisfy itself as to the integrity of management and that management creates a culture of integrity throughout CN;

monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CN’s approach to governance issues and monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CN’s Corporate Governance Manual and policies and measures for receiving shareholder feedback;

taking all reasonable steps to ensure the highest quality of ethical standards, including reviewing, on a regular basis, the Code of Business Conduct applicable to CN’s directors, its President and CEO, senior financial officers, other executives and employees, monitoring compliance with such code, approving any waiver from compliance with the code for directors and executive officers and ensuring appropriate disclosure of any such waiver;

ensuring the regular performance assessment of the Board, Board committees, Board and committee chairs and individual directors and determining their remuneration;

approving the list of Board nominees for election by shareholders and filling Board vacancies;

adopting and reviewing orientation and continuing education programs for directors;

overseeing the disclosure of a method for interested parties to communicate directly with the Board Chair or with the non-management directors as a group; and

ensuring a Board succession and renewal plan is in place.

D.
MONITORING FINANCIAL MATTERS AND INTERNAL CONTROLS

monitoring the quality and integrity of CN’s accounting and financial reporting systems, disclosure controls and procedures, internal controls and management information systems, including by overseeing:

 
(i)
the integrity and quality of CN’s financial statements and other financial information and the appropriateness of their disclosure;

 
(ii)
the review of the Audit Committee on external auditors’ independence and qualifications;

 
(iii)
the performance of CN’s internal audit function and of CN’s external auditors; and

 
(iv)
CN’s compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements (including those related to environment, safety and security);

ensuring that an appropriate risk assessment process is in place to identify, assess and manage the principal risks of CN’s business and financial strategy; and

adopting communications and disclosure policies and monitoring CN’s investor relations programs.
 
 
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CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
E.
MONITORING PENSION FUND MATTERS

monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CN’s pension fund policies and practices, including the investment policies of the Canadian National Railway Pension Trust Funds or any other pension trust fund established in connection with a new pension plan or any other pension plan offered or administered by CN (the “CN’s Pension Trust Funds”); and
 
approving the annual budget of the Investment Division of CN’s Pension Trust Funds.
 
F.
MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY AND SECURITY MATTERS

monitoring and reviewing, as appropriate, CN’s environmental, safety and security policies and practices.

The non-executive Board members meet before or after every Board meeting without the presence of management and under the chairmanship of the Board Chair. If such group includes directors who are not independent, an executive session including only independent directors is held regularly.

Board members are expected to demonstrate a high level of professionalism in discharging their responsibilities. They are expected to attend the meetings of the Board and of the Board committees on which they sit and to rigorously prepare for and actively participate in such meetings. They should review all meeting materials in advance. They are also expected to be available to provide advice and counsel to the President and CEO or other corporate officers of CN upon request.

The Board annually reviews the adequacy of its mandate.
 
 
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SCHEDULE “B” – REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEES


The following are reports of each Board committee as of December 31, 2014. These reports provide details on the activities of each committee but are not meant to be exhaustive.
 

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

MEMBERS
D.J. Carty (Chair), G.D. Giffin, D. Losier, J.E. O’Connor, R.L. Phillips, L. Stein
 
2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Audit Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

•   reviewed and approved the 2013 annual and 2014 quarterly results, Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the earnings press releases of the Company;
 
•   reviewed the independent auditors’ reports of the external auditors on the consolidated financial statements of the Company, as well as the internal controls over financial reporting;
 
•   reviewed financial information contained in the 2013 Annual Information Form, the 2013 Form 40-F and other reports requiring Board approval;
 
•   reviewed and approved Audit Committee Report and other information appearing in the 2014 Management Information Circular;
 
•   reviewed analysis and communications materials prepared by management, the internal auditors or external auditors setting forth any significant financial reporting issues;
 
•   reviewed the compliance of management’s certification of financial reports with applicable legislation;
 
•   reviewed, with the external auditors and management, the quality, appropriateness and disclosure of the Company’s critical accounting principles and policies, underlying assumptions and reporting practices, and any proposed changes thereto;
 
•   reviewed judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, if any, including analyses of the effect of alternative generally accepted accounting principles and/or methods;
 
•   reviewed financial statements for CN’s pension plans with the independent auditors and responsible officers;
 
•   reviewed with external auditors and management, changes in accounting for CN’s pension plans and other post employment benefits; and
 
•   held in camera meetings with management.

INTERNAL AUDITORS

•   reviewed and approved the internal audit plan;
 
•   monitored the internal audit function’s performance, its responsibilities, staffing, budget and the compensation of its members; and
 
•   held in camera meetings with the Chief, Internal Audit.
  EXTERNAL AUDITORS

•   reviewed and approved the results of the external audit;
 
•   recommended to the Board the appointment and terms of engagement of the Company’s external auditors;
 
•   evaluated, remunerated and monitored the qualifications, performance and independence of the external auditors;
 
•   discussed, approved and oversaw the disclosure of all audit, review and attest services provided by the external auditors;
 
•   determined which non-audit services the external auditors are prohibited from providing, and pre-approved and oversaw the disclosure of permitted non-audit services by the external auditors to the Company, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations;
 
•   reviewed the formal statement from the external auditors confirming their independence and reviewed hiring policies for employees or former employees of the Company’s external auditors;
 
•   reviewed the external auditors observations on Capital; and
 
•   held in camera meetings with external auditors.

RISK MANAGEMENT

•   reviewed the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies including information technology risk management, and Business Interruption management; and
 
•   assisted the Board with the oversight of the Company’s compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
  INTERNAL CONTROL

•   received management’s report assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and systems of internal control;
 
•   reviewed procedures established for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters or employee concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters;
 
•   reviewed minutes of the Corporate Disclosure Committee; and
 
•   reviewed project management processes and controls.

COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Audit Committee; and
 
•   reviewed and approved a forward-looking agenda for the committee.

OTHER

•   made recommendations to the Board with respect to the declaration of dividends; and
 
•   monitored the tax affairs of the Company.

Submitted by the members of the Audit Committee.

 
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REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE

MEMBERS
A.C. Baillie (Chair), E.E. Holiday, V.M. Kempston Darkes, E.C. Lumley, K.G. Lynch, J.E. O’Connor, L. Stein
 
2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Finance Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

FINANCIAL POLICIES

•   provided oversight with respect to CN’s capital structure, cash flows and key financial ratios;
 
•   made recommendations to the Board with respect to the Company’s financial policies and financial matters affecting the Company;
 
•   reviewed policies with respect to distributions to shareholders, including policies on dividends, and policies regarding financial hedging, short-term investment and credit; and
 
•   reviewed the Company’s credit ratings and monitored the Company’s activities with respect to credit rating agencies.
  FINANCING

•   reviewed the Company’s liquidity position, including the Company’s capital expenditures, capital structure, short-term investments and credit facilities;
 
•   reviewed Treasury and transactional activities;
 
•   reviewed prospectuses, offering memoranda and other documents, as well as reviewed and recommended two public offerings, the first, CN’s first Canadian debt offering, consisting of one tranche of C$250 million 2.75% Notes due 2021 and the second, a public two-tranche debt offering of U.S.$600 million, comprised of U.S.$250 million Floating Rate Notes due 2017, and U.S.$350 million 2.95% Notes due 2024; and
 
•   reviewed and recommended the extension of CN’s Revolving Credit facility and Letter of Credit facilities.
  FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

•   recommended decisions related to indebtedness of the Company, as well as loans, guarantees or extension of credit;
 
•   reviewed and recommended the share repurchase program and related progress reports;
 
•   reviewed and recommended significant increase of CN’s Capital Budget;
 
•   reviewed, recommended and monitored significant capital and other expenditures, such as capacity improvements in the Winnipeg-Edmonton and Winnipeg-Chicago corridors, material purchases of products and services, as well as projected and actual returns from investments;
 
•   reviewed the Company’s Locomotive Acquisition Plan;
 
•   oversaw post-completion audits of significant capital projects approved by the Board and post-completion audits carried out by the internal auditors or the external auditors, and reviewed their reports; and
 
•   reviewed and recommended to the Board the sale of a portion of the Guelph Subdivision to Metrolinx and the Deux-Montagnes Subdivision to AMT.
  COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Finance Committee;
 
•   assessed the adequacy of the Finance Committee’s Charter and made a report thereon to the Board; and
 
•   reviewed and approved a forward-looking agenda for the committee.

OTHER

•   benchmarked quarterly results to those of other major railways.

Submitted by the members of the Finance Committee.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
73
 
 

 


REPORT OF THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND NOMINATING COMMITTEE

MEMBERS
D. Losier (Chair), D.J. Carty, E.E. Holiday, V. M. Kempston Darkes, K.G. Lynch, R. Pace, R.L. Phillips

2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD AND ITS COMMITTEES
 
•   reviewed the size and composition of the Board and assisted the Board in determining Board Committee size, composition and mandate;
 
•   reviewed directors’ independence and financial literacy;
 
•   reviewed criteria for selecting directors and assessed the competencies and skills of the Board members in relation to the Company’s circumstances and needs;
 
•   identified candidates qualified to become Board members, and recommended director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders; and
 
•   reviewed director succession and board renewal in light of upcoming director retirements and evergreen list.
 
PERFORMANCE OF THE BOARD AND ITS COMMITTEES
 
•   reviewed the performance of the Board, Board Committees, Board and Committee Chairs and Board members, including reviewing the Board, Committee, peer and Chair evaluation process and the development of Management Information Circular questionnaires.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

•   reviewed the compensation of Board members against peer compensation;
 
•   in January 2015, recommended to the Board changes to the remuneration of the Board Chair, the Committee Chairs and non-executive directors to move compensation to a “flat-fee” structure; and
 
•   in January 2015, recommended to the Board ownership guidelines beyond board tenure.
 
CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR DIRECTORS
 
•   monitored and reviewed the Company’s orientation and continuing education programs for directors.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES
 
•   reviewed and recommended changes to the Company’s corporate governance guidelines and monitored disclosure of corporate governance guidelines in accordance with applicable rules and regulations;
 
•   led the annual review of the Company’s Corporate Governance Manual, including recommending to the Board an update to include recent best practices;
 
•   reviewed, monitored and oversaw compliance with CN’s Code of Business Conduct;
 
•   reviewed adherence to, and updated the Company’s Aircraft Utilization Policy;
 
•   monitored developments, proposed rule changes and changes to securities laws, disclosure and other regulatory requirements;
 
•   reviewed the 2014 Management Information Circular;
 
•   reviewed the 2013 Annual Report;
 
•   reviewed Annual Report of CN’s Ombudsman;
 
•   recommended to the Board a date and location for the Annual Meeting;
 
•   monitored the Company’s Corporate Disclosure and Communications Policy and the Investor Relations Program and reviewed feedback from shareholders and shareholder associations;
 
•   assisted the Board with the oversight of the Company’s corporate governance and monitored legal & regulatory requirements, as well as best practices; and
 
•   in March 2015, reviewed and recommended to the Board the adoption of the policy regarding diversity on the CN Board of Directors.

COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee;
 
•   reviewed and approved a forward-looking agenda for the Committee; and
 
•   retained the services of independent compensation advisors to help carry its responsibilities and approved appropriate fees for such services.

Submitted by the members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

 
 
74
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 

REPORT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

MEMBERS
G.D. Giffin (Chair), A.C. Baillie, D.J. Carty, E.E. Holiday, V.M. Kempston Darkes, D. Losier, E.C. Lumley, K.G. Lynch, J.E. O’Connor, R. Pace, R.L. Phillips, L. Stein

2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

SUCCESSION PLANNING

•   reviewed the mechanisms in place regarding succession planning for executive management positions, including that of the President and CEO;
 
•   reviewed the leadership team assessment, including in-depth functional talent reviews; and
 
•   reviewed the succession plan for management put into place by the President and CEO, including processes to identify, develop and retain the talent of outstanding officers.

PRESIDENT AND CEO COMPENSATION

•   reviewed corporate goals and objectives relevant to the President and CEO, evaluated his mid-year and annual performance based on those goals and objectives and recommended compensation based on this evaluation, for approval by the Independent Board members; and
 
•   developed 2014 performance objectives in conjunction with the President and CEO.

APPOINTMENT OF EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
 
•   recommended the appointment of executive management and approved the terms and conditions of their appointment and termination or retirement.
  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

•   reviewed the validity of the Company’s benchmark group used in determining the compensation of executives;
 
•   reviewed the evaluation of executive management’s performance and recommended to the Board executive management’s compensation;
 
•   examined and reviewed each element of executive compensation and reported on compensation practices;
 
•   monitored any potential risks that could arise from CN’s compensation programs and practices, while ensuring proper risk identification and mitigation practices were in place;
 
•   reviewed performance of NEOs and the Company’s annual performance as measured under the AIBP;
 
•   closely monitored bonus outlook, as well as PSU vesting outlook; and
 
•   reviewed and recommended proposed 2014 bonus targets and performance targets related to PSUs.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION DISCLOSURE
 
•   produced for review and approval by the Board a report on executive compensation for inclusion in the 2014 Management Information Circular.
  COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY

•   monitored the compensation philosophy and policy that rewards the creation of shareholder value and reflects the appropriate balance between the short- and longer-term performance of the Company; and
 
•   monitored the Company policy relating to the positioning of total direct compensation for executives.

PENSION PLANS

•   reviewed and monitored the financial position of CN’s pension plans; and
 
•   reviewed and recommended Pension Plan amendments.

HUMAN RESOURCES INITIATIVES

•   reviewed changes to the long-term incentive plan design;
 
•   reviewed settlement method for PSUs and DSUs to equity-settlement;
 
•   closely monitored the labour negotiation process;
 
•   monitored pension and strategic labour and social issues;
 
•   reviewed and discussed strategies for hiring, training, engaging, and developing talent; and
 
•   reviewed and discussed strategies for workforce planning.
  COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee;
 
•   reviewed and approved a forward-looking agenda for the Committee;
 
•   retained the service of independent compensation advisors to help it carry its responsibilities and approved appropriate fees for such services; and
 
•   recommended amendments to the Human Resources and Compensation Committee Charter.
 
Submitted by the members of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
75
 
 

 
 
REPORT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND SECURITY COMMITTEE   REPORT OF THE STRATEGIC PLANNING COMMITTEE
     
MEMBERS   MEMBERS
V.M. Kempston Darkes (Chair), D.J. Carty, K.G. Lynch,   J.E. O’Connor (Chair), A.C. Baillie, D.J. Carty, G.D. Giffin,
J.E. O’Connor, R. Pace, R.L. Phillips, L. Stein   E.E. Holiday, V.M. Kempston Darkes, D. Losier, K.G. Lynch,
   
E.C. Lumley, C. Mongeau, R. Pace, R.L. Phillips, L. Stein
 
2014 HIGHLIGHTS   2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Environment, Safety and Security Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY AUDITS
 
•   oversaw the development and implementation of environmental, safety and security policies, procedures and guidelines;
 
•   reviewed environmental, health and safety audits and assessments of compliance, taking all reasonable steps to ensure that the Company is exercising due diligence;
 
•   reviewed progress of Sustainability Action Plan;
 
•   reviewed the Company’s business plan to ascertain that environmental, safety and security issues are taken into consideration;
 
•   ensured appropriate employee training standards and communications are developed and implemented; and
 
•   reviewed all significant safety and security matters.

ACCOUNTING ACCRUAL

•   monitored accounting accrual for environmental costs in conjunction with the Audit Committee.
  ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AND JUDGMENTS

•   reviewed reports in respect of all notices, complaints, investigations and proceedings by governmental authorities, and all judgments and orders in respect of environmental, safety and security matters.

OTHER

•   reviewed Canadian and U.S. environmental and safety, legal and regulatory developments of importance to the Company;
 
•   monitored results from various security initiatives and use of technology in risk mitigation; and
 
•   reviewed industry safety and security matters related to crude oil rail transportation.

COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee.

Submitted by the members of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee.
  In 2014, the Strategic Planning Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

•   focused on financial and strategic issues, including the review of key assumptions underlying the business plan;
 
•   reviewed and approved the Company’s strategic direction, including its 2015-2017 business plan and 2015 capital budget; and
 
•   obtained regular briefings and presentations on strategic and financial issues.
  COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Strategic Planning Committee.

Submitted by the members of the Strategic Planning Committee.

 
76
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
 
 

 
 
REPORT OF THE INVESTMENT COMMITTEE OF CN’S PENSION TRUST FUNDS  
REPORT OF THE DONATIONS AND SPONSORSHIPS COMMITTEE
     
     
MEMBERS   MEMBERS
E.C. Lumley (Chair), A.C. Baillie, G.D. Giffin, E.E. Holiday, D. Losier  
C. Mongeau (Chair), G.D. Giffin, R. Pace
     
2014 HIGHLIGHTS   2014 HIGHLIGHTS
 
In 2014, the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds, in accordance with its mandate:

INVESTMENT DIVISION

•   reviewed the activities of the CN Investment Division and advised the Investment Division on investment of assets of CN’s Pension Trust Funds in accordance with applicable policies and procedures;
 
•   reviewed and approved the Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures for CN’s pension plans;
 
•   reviewed and approved the Investment Strategy of the CN Investment Division;
 
•   reviewed and approved the CN Investment Incentive Plan and any award payouts thereunder; and
 
•   reviewed and approved the annual budget of the CN Investment Division and the CN Investment Incentive Plan.
  COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed the processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds.
 
Submitted by the members of the Investment Committee of CN’s Pension Trust Funds.
  In 2014, the Donations and Sponsorships Committee, in accordance with its mandate:

DONATIONS AND SPONSORSHIP STRATEGY
 
•   reviewed and approved the general donations and sponsorships strategy and goals of the Company;
 
•   reviewed and approved the 2014 budget for donations and sponsorships; and
 
•   reviewed the CN Stronger Communities Fund Guidelines.

DONATIONS AND SPONSORSHIP REQUESTS
 
•   reviewed donation requests and approved selected donations by the Company, including those having a total cost of more than $100,000;
 
•   recommended to the Board for approval sponsorships by the Company, including those having a total cost of more than $500,000; and
 
•   reviewed reports from the Vice-President, Public and Government
  
•   Affairs concerning sponsorships having a total cost of more than $50,000 and donations of more than $100,000 and on other matters.
  COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE

•   reviewed committee mandate and processes in place to evaluate the performance of the Donations and Sponsorships Committee.

Submitted by the members of the Donations and Sponsorships Committee.
 
 
CN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR 2015
77
 
 

 

 

 
 
 
 
The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) is an international certification and labeling system for products that come from responsibly managed forests, and verified recycled sources. Under FSC certification, forests are certified against a set of strict environmental and social standards, and fibre from certified forests is tracked all the way to the consumer through the chain of custody-certification system.

CN shows its concern for protecting the environment through the use of FSC-certified paper.

Printed in Canada
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Item 3
 
 
   
8th Floor, 100 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
www.computershare.com
     
     
       
Security Class
   
   
Holder Account Number
     
     
     
 
 
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Form of Proxy - Annual Meeting to be held on Tuesday, April 21, 2015
 
Notes to Proxy
 
1.  
Every shareholder has the right to appoint some other person of their choice, who need not be a shareholder, to attend and act on their behalf at the meeting. If you wish to appoint a person other than the persons whose names are printed herein, please insert the name of your chosen proxyholder in the space provided (see reverse).
 
2.  
If the securities are registered in the name of more than one owner (for example, joint ownership, trustees, executors, etc.), then all those registered should sign this proxy. If you are voting on behalf of a corporation or another individual you may be required to provide documentation evidencing your power to sign this proxy with signing capacity stated.
 
3. 
This form of proxy should be signed in the exact manner as the name appears on the proxy.
 
4.
This form of proxy should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Management Information Circular.
 
5.
If this form of proxy is not dated, it will be deemed to bear the date on which it is mailed by Management to the holder.
 
6.
The shares represented by this proxy will be voted as directed by the holder, however, if such a direction is not made in respect of any matter, this proxy will be voted “FOR” items 1, 2 and 3 and in favour of Management’s proposals generally.
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Proxies submitted must be received by 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time), on April 20, 2015.
 
VOTE USING THE TELEPHONE OR INTERNET 24 HOURS A DAY 7 DAYS A WEEK!
 
   
  Call the number listed BELOW from a touch tone telephone.
 
1-866-732-VOTE (8683) Toll Free
 
  Go to the following web site:
www.investorvote.com
 
  Smartphone?
Scan the QR code to vote now.
   
You can enroll to receive future securityholder communications electronically by visiting www.computershare.com/eDelivery and clicking on “eDelivery Signup”.
 
If you vote by telephone or the Internet, DO NOT mail back this proxy.
 
Voting by mail may be the only method for securities held in the name of a corporation or securities being voted on behalf of another individual.
Voting by mail or by Internet are the only methods by which a holder may appoint a person as proxyholder other than the Management nominees named on the reverse of this proxy. Instead of mailing this proxy, you may choose one of the two voting methods outlined above to vote this proxy.

To vote by telephone or the Internet, you will need to provide your CONTROL NUMBER listed below.
 
CONTROL NUMBER
 
 
0146MB
 
 

 
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+
 
 
This Form of Proxy is solicited by and on behalf of Management.
Appointment of Proxyholder 
I/We being holder(s) of Common Shares of Canadian National Railway Company hereby appoint: Robert Pace, or failing him, Claude Mongeau
OR
Print the name of the person you are appointing if this person is someone other than the Chair of the Board or the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
 
 
as my/our proxyholder with full power of substitution and to vote in accordance with the following direction (or, in the case of amendments and new points brought before the Meeting, as the proxyholder sees fit) at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Canadian National Railway Company to be held at The Peabody Memphis hotel, Venetian Room, 149 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee (United States), on Tuesday, April 21, 2015 at 8:30 a.m. (Central Daylight Time), and at any adjournment thereof.

The Board of Directors and Management recommend that shareholders VOTE FOR items 1, 2 and 3 below:
 
1. Election of Directors
 
    For
Withhold
   
 For
Withhold
   
 For
Withhold
 
                         
01. Donald J. Carty
 
 
 
06. The Hon. Kevin G. Lynch
 
 
 
10. Robert L. Phillips
 
 
 
 ---
                       
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02. Ambassador
Gordon D. Giffin
 
 
 
07. Claude Mongeau
 
 
 
11. Laura Stein
 
 
 
 
                         
03. Edith E. Holiday
 
 
 
08. James E. O'Connor
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
                         
04. V. Maureen Kempston
Darkes
 
 
 
09. Robert Pace
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
                         
05. The Hon. Denis Losier
                       
                       For Withhold
                         
2. Appointment of Auditors
             
Appointment of KPMG LLP as Auditors
                   
                     
                   For  Against
3. Non-binding Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation
         
Non-binding advisory resolution to accept the approach to executive compensation disclosed in the accompanying Management
Information Circular, the full text of which resolution is set out on p. 9 of the accompanying Management Information Circular.
   
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  Signature(s)   Date
Authorized Signature(s) - This section must be completed for your instructions to be executed.
I/We authorize you to act in accordance with my/our instructions set out above. I/We hereby revoke any proxy previously given with respect to the Meeting. If no voting instructions are indicated above, this Proxy will be voted as recommended by the Board of Directors and Management.
   
 
 
Quarterly reports
To reduce costs and help protect the environment, we will not send you CN’s quarterly financial reports and related management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A), unless you tell us that you want to receive them by checking the box below. You will be required to complete this request on an annual basis.
 
Annual report
By law, we must send you our annual financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A), unless you tell us that you do not want to receive them by checking the box below.
 
 
  Please send me CN's quarterly financial reports
If you do not check the box or do not return this form, we will assume that you do not want to receive CN's quarterly financial reports and MD&A.
   
Please do not send me CN's annual financial statements and MD&A
If you do not check the box or do not return this form, we will assume that you want to receive CN's annual financial statements and MD&A.
 
You can also receive these documents electronically - see reverse for instructions to enrol for electronic delivery.
 
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Item 4
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Contents
 
1
A message from the Chairman
Except where otherwise indicated, all financial information reflected in this document is expressed in Canadian dollars and determined on the basis of United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP).
 
   
2
A message from Claude Mongeau
   
4
Building for the future:
   
 
With network capacity
With the next generation
Through innovation
With safety as a priority
   
8
Expanding our network
   
10
Board of Directors
   
11
Financial Section (U.S. GAAP)
   
96
Corporate Governance – Delivering Responsibly
   
97
Shareholder and Investor Information
 
 
 
 
 
Certain information included in this annual report constitutes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and under Canadian securities laws. CN cautions that, by their nature, these forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The Company cautions that its assumptions may not materialize and that current economic conditions render such assumptions, although reasonable at the time they were made, subject to greater uncertainty.

Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results or performance of the Company or the rail industry to be materially different from the outlook or any future results or performance implied by such statements. Important risk factors that could affect the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the effects of general economic and business conditions, industry competition, inflation, currency and interest rate fluctuations, changes in fuel prices, legislative and/or regulatory developments, compliance with environmental laws and regulations, actions by regulators, various events which could disrupt operations, including natural events such as severe weather, droughts, floods and earthquakes, labor negotiations and disruptions, environmental claims, uncertainties of investigations, proceedings or other types of claims and litigation, risks and liabilities arising from derailments, and other risks detailed from time to time in reports filed by CN with securities regulators in Canada and the United States. Reference should be made to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” in CN’s annual and interim reports, Annual Information Form and Form 40-F filed with Canadian and U.S. securities regulators, available on CN’s website (www.cn.ca), for a summary of major risks.

CN assumes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances, or changes in beliefs, unless required by applicable Canadian securities laws. In the event CN does update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be made that CN will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statement.

As used herein, the word “Company” or “CN” means, as the context requires, Canadian National Railway Company and/or its subsidiaries.
 

 
 

 

A message from the Chairman


Dear fellow shareholders 2014 was a year of considerable change and tremendous achievement at CN.

We experienced a noteworthy transition at our Annual General Meeting of shareholders last April, as we bid farewell to David McLean, who retired as the Chairman of CN’s Board of Directors, and to retiring Directors Michael Armellino and Hugh Bolton, all of whom made significant contributions to the Board’s deliberations and the Company’s success over the last 20 years. At that meeting, we welcomed three new Directors – Kevin Lynch, the Vice Chair of BMO Financial Group; Robert Phillips, President of R.L. Phillips Investments Inc. and Chairman of Precision Drilling Inc.; and Laura Stein, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of the Clorox Company – who are bringing their perspectives and keen insights to the Board.

We onboarded our new Directors with the same philosophy that CN onboards new employees, instilling a sense of what the Company stands for, such as the importance of stakeholder engagement and how seriously we take safety. Like true CN railroaders, this helped prepare them to contribute their talents as quickly as possible.

It has been a remarkable 20 years for CN during which I have been privileged to serve as a CN Director. A transformational journey has led CN to become the best railway in North America. CN has continuously strived to deliver responsibly, with an unwavering commitment to safety and, at the same time, strong sustainability practices. It has also adhered to the highest standards of corporate governance, including a new policy adopted by the Board to the effect that tenure of our Board and Committee Chairs will be subject to term limits.

CN is a true backbone of the North American economy, and the Company’s exceptional financial performance in 2014 under challenging conditions is evidence of its strong strategic agenda, solid execution capabilities, and great management team.

As we look ahead to 2015, the 20th anniversary of CN’s privatization, I want to thank our shareholders for the support you have shown for CN. The Board and CN’s outstanding team of railroaders are focused on building for the future so that CN will continue to provide the service our customers need and to deliver shareholder value for many years to come.

Sincerely,
 
"ROBERT PACE"
[signed]
 
 
Robert Pace, D.COMM.
Chairman of the Board

 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
1
 
 

 

A message from Claude Mongeau



BUILDING
FOR THE
FUTURE
 
Dear fellow shareholders The year 2014 was an eventful one for CN, and we enter 2015 looking forward to celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Company’s initial public offering of shares later this year. Our journey since privatization in 1995 has been truly transformational. Building on our commitment to Operational and Service Excellence, supply chain enabling and continuous innovation, we are focused on creating the CN of the future. We are determined to strengthen CN’s role as a true backbone of the economy, with continued investments in our capacity and our people.

CN’s strong team of railroaders contributed to outstanding financial and operational results in 2014 amid significant challenges. Chief among them were the winter of a lifetime that produced a stretch of record-breaking cold snaps, and a 100-year grain crop in Canada. In spite of these obstacles, our full-year 2014 adjusted diluted earnings per share increased 23 per cent, with reported 2014 net income of $3,167 million versus $2,612 million in 2013. CN retained its industry-leading productivity performance, grew its business faster than the overall economy, and did so at low incremental cost.

CN has made huge strides since its 1995 initial public share offering. Once an industry laggard and largely a Canada-only enterprise, CN today leads the North American rail industry in terms of efficiency and operating margins. We span eight Canadian provinces as well as 16 U.S. states, transporting freight traffic seamlessly over a 19,600 mile network that reflects more than $8 billion of acquisitions since 1998. CN has taken the lead in developing new first-mile/last-mile services for merchandise freight, and scheduled services for bulk commodities. We have entered into innovative supply chain collaboration agreements with the key ports we serve, many of their terminal operators, as well as with several of our customers. All this is helping position ourselves as a true supply chain enabler.
 
“Our journey
since privatization in 1995 has been truly transformational.”
 
We will celebrate the 20th anniversary of CN’s IPO in November 2015. This anniversary will allow us to take stock of what we have achieved in the last 20 years. It will also be an opportunity to reassert what we stand for and our commitment to create value for customers and shareholders. That commitment requires us to continue investing in capacity ahead of the curve to support our growth agenda, and renewing our workforce with the same attention and focus we’ve demonstrated since 2010. We will also have to maintain the same innovative mindset that has led to the development of new tools to communicate with customers, and the same outreach mindset that is behind a comprehensive and structured community engagement program to share information about our safety practices across our network.
 
 
 
2
2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
“We believe that a commercial framework and a stable regulatory environment are essential for an effective, well-functioning rail transportation marketplace.”

After 20 years of delivering value with a clear vision and strong commitment to flawless execution, CN’s plans for the future require supportive government policy and a stable regulatory environment. It was the momentum towards de-regulation of the rail industry – first in the United States in 1980 and later in Canada in 1987 and 1996 – that was the turning point that allowed CN and the overall rail industry to embark on a strong revival. Unfortunately, in 2014 the Canadian government took a step backward on the regulatory front, imposing minimum grain volume requirements on the two main railways, extending interswitching limits in three Western provinces, and re-enforcing a finger-pointing mentality that undermines collaboration.

In the face of a historic grain crop and a brutal winter, none of this government action was warranted. Once the cold abated, CN, as it promised, bounced back, posting a record performance in the 2013-2014 crop-year – our movement of Western Canadian grain was a full 25 per cent greater than past averages. CN continued its record-setting grain transportation volume into the new crop-year with the grain supply chain fully in sync, while continuing to move record volumes of traffic overall.

We believe that a commercial framework and a stable regulatory environment are essential for an effective, well-functioning rail transportation marketplace. Burdensome regulation threatens to increase costs, stifle innovation and potentially discourage investments that are critical to building the strong, safe and resilient supply chains of the future.

We are proud of our record in the near 20 years since privatization in 1995. We will continue to work hard to convince governments to create the proper regulatory environment that will justify and encourage our investments in the business for the next 20 years. We will strive to convince all our customers that a commercially driven policy framework is best for them as well. In short, we are building for the future with confidence to deliver value for our customers and shareholders.


"CLAUDE MONGEAU"
[signed]
Claude Mongeau
President and CEO



Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
3
 
 

 

             BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
WITH NETWORK CAPACITY


Building more robust network capacity

Given expectations of continued solid freight volumes in the years ahead, CN is investing significantly to build for the future, increasing network capacity, resilience and fluidity across its network, including its Edmonton–Winnipeg and Winnipeg–Chicago corridors.
 
In 2014, CN committed more than C$100 million to improve yards and install sections of double track, crossovers and high-speed switches on main lines in the two corridors. That followed a C$100-million program in 2013 to increase capacity on CN’s main line between Edmonton and Winnipeg and the parallel secondary Prairie North Line (PNL). The PNL can also serve as a “relief valve” for the main corridor, providing flexibility and resilience to the network.
 
CN has invested in the former Elgin, Joliet and Eastern (EJ&E) network that encircles Chicago. The acquisition of the EJ&E in 2009 allowed CN – for the first time – to link its five rail lines entering Chicago from all directions into one seamless system. The EJ&E enables CN to avoid congested inner city rail corridors in connecting with its lines and principal interchange partners. These advantages drive network fluidity and greatly help CN recover from weather-related operational challenges such as those experienced last winter. In addition, CN’s use of the EJ&E frees up capacity for other carriers on the Belt Railway of Chicago (BRC) and Indiana Harbor Belt (IHB) – a clear benefit for the entire Greater Chicago rail network.
 
By the end of 2014, CN had spent more than US$125 million on infrastructure improvements to the former EJ&E network, such as improved connections, track extensions and signalling. CN has also invested more than US$100 million for upgrades to improve the capacity and efficiency of the former EJ&E’s Kirk Yard in Gary, Ind., now CN’s principal rail car classification and interchange yard in the Chicago area.
 
In addition, CN has spent roughly US$80 million to date on environmental and safety mitigation, as well as fulfilling CN’s commitment in the Voluntary Mitigation Agreements CN reached with 28 EJ&E communities. CN will spend approximately US$45 million more in 2015-2016 to complete two grade separations in Illinois mandated by the Surface Transportation Board.



 
4
2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 

WITH THE NEXT
GENERATION


Building the next generation of CN railroaders

CN is devoting significant resources to onboarding and training a new generation of CN railroaders across its network.

The imperative for the investment is clear – since 2010 CN has hired 14,000 people to replace retiring or departing employees and to accommodate the growth in freight traffic. In 2014 alone, CN onboarded more than 3,900 new employees.

The seismic shift in CN’s workforce is evidenced by the fact that Generation Y – people in their 20s and 30s – now accounts for 40 per cent of the Company’s workforce, the largest overall segment of the employee population.

As workforce renewal proceeded, CN recognized the need to institute new, comprehensive onboarding and training programs focused on instilling a strong safety culture in new employees and reinforcing it among current employees who are learning new skills or upgrading existing ones. To advance that objective, CN opened new training centres in Winnipeg, Man., and Homewood, Ill., in 2014, built at a cost of approximately $55 million. The Winnipeg centre hosts an average of 350 students a week from across Canada, while the facility in suburban Chicago accommodates an average of 250 students from across the U.S.

The training centres assure consistent, quality training with a modernized curriculum, coupled with skilled instructors, offering courses for jobs ranging from conductor to car mechanic, from track supervisor to signal maintainer. Employees receive hands-on training in indoor learning laboratories with equipment such as locomotive simulators and dispatcher stations. Outdoor labs with dedicated rolling stock and other equipment for field training are also a key focus.

Employees learn about the valuable role peer-to-peer communications, coaching, and mentoring play in safe railroading. Experienced Peer Conductor Trainers help ensure safe environments for student conductors, evaluating and guiding them during their progress toward full conductor qualification. Workforce renewal is a critical element in CN’s objective to hire, retain and develop the talented railroaders who will maintain the Company’s leadership role in the industry.



Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
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           BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
THROUGH INNOVATION

 
Building trust with customers through an innovative tool – iAdvise

Innovation has been at the centre of CN’s business agenda for years. From an initial focus on asset utilization driven by the Precision Railroading business model, CN has shifted its attention to balancing Operational and Service Excellence. Through a portfolio of initiatives called Customer FIRST, CN is innovating to address key customer pinch points, including the first mile and last mile of the shipment cycle. iAdvise, the latest initiative in CN’s first-mile/last-mile strategy to communicate better with customers, built critical mass in 2014 when the program was rolled out for CN’s largest customers, with smaller customers also coming on stream.

iAdvise began with notifying customers about service exceptions in a timelier manner to help them adjust their work plans. It has now evolved into an innovative set of tools and processes to further improve the way CN works and communicates with them.
 
Under CN’s iAdvise program, operating employees send Local Service Notifications to customers. These messages are automatically sent when the Daily Operating Plan is committed to notify customers of work to be done – before the switching assignment leaves the classification yard.

In addition to receiving this notification, customers also have access to CN’s new first-mile/last-mile report on eBusiness which includes CN’s new Delivery Date commitment.
 
 
Together these tools provide CN customers with more visibility of traffic moving toward the destination yard along with the status of the cars at the yard and at their facilities. This increased visibility and accuracy – the customer, CN Service Delivery Representatives, Account Managers and Trainmasters all share common information – helps customers better plan their operations.

CN believes timely, accurate information is key to building customers’ confidence. iAdvise has the potential to build their trust and elevate CN ahead of the competition.
 
 



 
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2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 

WITH SAFETY AS A PRIORITY


Building safety into all we do

CN has an unwavering commitment to safety. Whether moving dangerous goods or any other freight on its network, CN knows that safe operations are the first priority and are critical to all stakeholders: employees, customers and the communities through which its trains travel.

Although CN was not involved with the Lac-Mégantic accident in 2013, following the tragedy, we took additional steps to further reduce the potential for and impact of accidents on our network. CN’s approach to safety reflects a three-pronged strategy focusing on safety enhancements, the replacement of older model DOT-111 tank cars, and a structured community engagement program. Our drive to enhance safety has several components, including capital spending on our flaw detection capabilities to ensure a high-quality plant across the network. In addition, we have strengthened our robust train securement practices and restricted the speeds of trains hauling highly-flammable liquids. We have conducted corridor risk assessments, under which a multifunctional team evaluated the risks associated with CN’s transportation of dangerous goods on key route corridors, with a view towards rail line proximity to urban populations and infrastructure, environmentally sensitive areas, and railway operating practices.

CN supports regulations requiring the retrofitting or phase-out of older model DOT-111 tank cars used to transport flammable liquids, and a reinforced standard for new tank cars built in the future. On its own initiative, CN took steps in 2014 to structure freight rates that offer its customers an incentive to acquire more robust tank cars for the transportation of crude oil that meet higher safety standards. CN also announced a program to replace its own small fleet of legacy DOT-111 tank cars used to transport diesel locomotive fuel on its network.

CN believes that the rail industry can enhance safety by working more closely with communities. Toward that end, CN has been reaching out to municipal officials and their emergency responders along its North American rail network to review its comprehensive safety programs, to share in confidence relevant information on dangerous goods traffic, and to discuss emergency response planning and training. CN arranges to conduct training sessions for emergency responders when requested. The Company’s outreach program involves almost 1,100 communities in Canada and approximately 870 communities and counties in the U.S., and supplements governmental and regulatory direction.

 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
7
 
 

 

BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
EXPANDING OUR NETWORK
 

 
 
Capital expenditures 2010-2014
% of total (including capital leases)

 
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Capital expenditures
1,718M
1,712M
1,825M
2,017M
2,297M
% of total
         
Track and roadway
60
69
74
69
70
Rolling stock
24
11
11
14
14
Information technology
7
8
7
7
6
Other
9
12
8
10
10
           
 


8
2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
9
 
 
 

 
 
Board of Directors   As at December 31, 2014
 
Robert Pace, D.Comm.
Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin
The Honourable
Committees:
 
Chairman of the Board
Senior Partner
Edward C. Lumley, P.C., LL.D.
1
Audit
 
Canadian National Railway Company
McKenna, Long & Aldridge
Vice-Chairman
2
Finance
 
President and
Committees: 1, 4, 6*, 7, 8
BMO Capital Markets
3
Corporate governance
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
Committees: 2, 6, 7, 8*
 
and nominating
 
The Pace Group
Edith E. Holiday
 
4
Donations and
 
Committees: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Corporate Director and Trustee,
The Honourable Kevin G.
 
sponsorships
 
 
Former General Counsel,
Lynch, P.C., O.C., PH.D., LL.D.
5
Environment, safety
 
Claude Mongeau
United States Treasury Department
Vice-Chair
 
and security
 
President and
and Secretary of the Cabinet
BMO Financial Group
6
Human resources and
 
Chief Executive Officer
The White House
Committees: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
 
compensation
 
Canadian National Railway Company
Committees: 2, 3, 6, 7, 8
 
7
Strategic planning
 
Committees: 4*, 7
 
James E. O’Connor
8
Investment committee
 
 
V. Maureen Kempston Darkes,
Former Chairman and CEO
 
of CN’s Pension Trust
 
A. Charles Baillie, O.C., LL.D.
O.C., D.Comm., LL.D.
Republic Services, Inc.
 
Funds
 
Former Chairman and CEO
Retired Group Vice-President
Committees: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7*
*
denotes chair of  the committee
 
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
General Motors Corporation
   
 
Committees: 2*, 6, 7, 8
and President
Robert L. Phillips
     
 
GM Latin America,
President
     
Donald J. Carty, O.C., LL.D.
Africa and Middle East
R.L. Phillips Investments Inc.
     
Retired Vice-Chairman and
Committees: 2, 3, 5*, 6, 7
Committees: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
     
Chief Financial Officer
         
Dell, Inc.
The Honourable
Laura Stein
     
Committees: 1*, 3, 5, 6, 7
Denis Losier, P.C., LL.D., C.M.
Senior Vice-President,
     
 
Retired President and
General Counsel
     
 
Chief Executive Officer
The Clorox Company
     
 
Assumption Life
Committees: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
     
 
Committees: 1, 3*, 6, 7, 8
       


Chairman of the Board and Select Senior Officers of the Company 
As at December 31, 2014
 
       
Robert Pace
Sean Finn
Mike Cory
John Orr
Chairman of the Board
Executive Vice-President
Senior Vice-President
Vice-President
 
Corporate Services and
Western Region
Eastern Region
Claude Mongeau
Chief Legal Officer
   
President and
 
Jeff Liepelt
Russell J. Hiscock
Chief Executive Officer
Luc Jobin
Senior Vice-President
President and
 
Executive Vice-President and
Southern Region
Chief Executive Officer
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
CN Investment Division
   
Janet Drysdale
 
 
Jean-Jacques Ruest
Vice-President
 
 
Executive Vice-President and
Investor Relations
 
 
Chief Marketing Officer
   
   
Kimberly A. Madigan
 
 
Jim Vena
Vice-President
 
 
Executive Vice-President and
Human Resources
 
 
Chief Operating Officer
   
 
10
2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Contents
12
Selected Railroad Statistics – unaudited
 
       
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
       
 
13
Business profile
 
       
 
13
Corporate organization
 
       
 
13
Strategy overview
 
       
 
16
Forward-looking statements
 
       
 
16
Financial outlook
 
       
 
17
Financial highlights
 
       
 
18
Adjusted performance measures
 
       
 
19
Revenues
 
       
 
23
Operating expenses
 
       
 
24
Other income and expenses
 
       
 
24
2013 compared to 2012
 
       
 
28
Summary of quarterly financial data
 
       
 
28
Summary of fourth quarter 2014
 
       
 
29
Financial position
 
       
 
30
Liquidity and capital resources
 
       
 
35
Off balance sheet arrangements
 
       
 
35
Financial instruments
 
       
 
37
Outstanding share data
 
       
 
37
Critical accounting estimates
 
       
 
45
Business risks
 
       
 
55
Controls and procedures
 
       
 
Consolidated Financial Statements
 
       
 
56
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
       
 
56
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
       
 
57
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
       
 
58
Consolidated Statement of Income
 
       
 
59
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
       
 
60
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
       
 
61
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
 
       
 
62
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
       
 
63
1
 Summary of significant accounting policies
       
 
66
2
 Recent accounting pronouncement
       
 
67
3
 Other income
       
 
68
4
 Income taxes
       
 
69
5
 Earnings per share
       
 
69
6
 Accounts receivable
       
 
70
7
 Properties
       
 
70
8
 Intangible and other assets
       
 
70
9
 Accounts payable and other
       
 
71
10
Long-term debt
       
 
73
11
Other liabilities and deferred credits
       
 
73
12
Pensions and other postretirement benefits
       
 
80
13
Share capital
       
 
82
14
Stock plans
       
 
89
15
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
       
 
90
16
Major commitments and contingencies
       
 
94
17
Financial instruments
       
 
95
18
Segmented information
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
11
 
 

 
 
Selected Railroad Statistics – unaudited

   
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Financial measures
                 
Key financial performance indicators
                 
Total revenues ($ millions)
    12,134       10,575       9,920  
Rail freight revenues ($ millions) (1)
    11,455       9,951       9,306  
Operating income ($ millions)
    4,624       3,873       3,685  
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ($) (2)
    3.76       3.06       2.81  
Free cash flow ($ millions) (3)
    2,220       1,623       1,661  
Gross property additions ($ millions)
    2,297       2,017       1,825  
Share repurchases ($ millions)
    1,505       1,400       1,400  
Dividends per share ($)
    1.00       0.86       0.75  
Financial position
                       
Total assets ($ millions)
    31,792       30,163       26,659  
Total liabilities ($ millions)
    18,322       17,210       15,641  
Shareholders’ equity ($ millions)
    13,470       12,953       11,018  
Financial ratios
                       
Operating ratio (%)
    61.9       63.4       62.9  
Adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio (%) (4)
    40.1       39.4       40.4  
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA (times) (4)
    1.58       1.72       1.61  
Operational measures (5)
                       
Statistical operating data
                       
Gross ton miles (GTM) (millions)
    448,765       401,390       383,754  
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)
    232,138       210,133       201,496  
Carloads (thousands)
    5,625       5,190       5,059  
Route miles (includes Canada and the U.S.)
    19,600       20,000       20,100  
Employees (end of year)
    25,530       23,721       23,430  
Employees (average for the year)
    24,635       23,705       23,466  
Key operating measures
                       
Rail freight revenue per RTM (cents) (1)
    4.93       4.74       4.62  
Rail freight revenue per carload ($) (1)
    2,036       1,917       1,839  
GTMs per average number of employees (thousands)
    18,217       16,933       16,354  
Operating expenses per GTM (cents)
    1.67       1.67       1.62  
Labor and fringe benefits expense per GTM (cents)
    0.52       0.54       0.51  
Diesel fuel consumed (US gallons in millions)
    440.5       403.7       388.7  
Average fuel price ($ per US gallon)
    3.72       3.55       3.47  
GTMs per US gallon of fuel consumed
    1,019       994       987  
Terminal dwell (hours)
    16.9       15.8       15.6  
Train velocity (miles per hour)
    25.7       26.6       27.2  
Safety indicators
                       
Injury frequency rate (per 200,000 person hours) (6)
    1.81       1.69       1.42  
Accident rate (per million train miles) (6)
    2.73       2.11       2.10  

 
(1)
In 2014, certain Other revenues were reclassified to the commodity groups within rail freight revenues. This change has no impact on the Company’s previously reported results of operations as Total revenues remain unchanged. The 2013 and 2012 comparative figures have been reclassified in order to be consistent with the 2014 presentation.

 
(2)
See the section entitled Adjusted performance measures in the MD&A for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure.

 
(3)
See the section entitled Liquidity and capital resources – Free cash flow in the MD&A for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure.

 
(4)
See the section entitled Liquidity and capital resources – Credit measures in the MD&A for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure.

 
(5)
Statistical operating data, key operating measures and safety indicators are unaudited and based on estimated data available at such time and are subject to change as more complete information becomes available, as such, certain of the comparative data have been restated. Definitions of these indicators are provided on our website, www.cn.ca/glossary.

 
(6)
Based on Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) reporting criteria.


 
12
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) relates to the financial position and results of operations of Canadian National Railway Company, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively “CN” or “the Company.” Canadian National Railway Company’s common shares are listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges. Except where otherwise indicated, all financial information reflected herein is expressed in Canadian dollars and determined on the basis of United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The Company’s objective is to provide meaningful and relevant information reflecting the Company’s financial position and results of operations. In certain instances, the Company may make reference to certain non-GAAP measures that, from management’s perspective, are useful measures of performance. The reader is advised to read all information provided in the MD&A in conjunction with the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

Business profile

CN is engaged in the rail and related transportation business. CN’s network of approximately 20,000 route miles of track spans Canada and mid-America, uniquely connecting three coasts: the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. CN’s extensive network and efficient connections to all Class I railroads provide CN customers access to all three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) nations. A true backbone of the economy, CN handles over $250 billion worth of goods annually and carries more than 300 million tons of cargo, serving exporters, importers, retailers, farmers and manufacturers.

CN’s freight revenues are derived from seven commodity groups representing a diversified and balanced portfolio of goods transported between a wide range of origins and destinations. This product and geographic diversity better positions the Company to face economic fluctuations and enhances its potential for growth opportunities. In 2014, no individual commodity group accounted for more than 23% of total revenues. From a geographic standpoint, 17% of revenues relate to United States (U.S.) domestic traffic, 33% transborder traffic, 19% Canadian domestic traffic and 31% overseas traffic. The Company is the originating carrier for approximately 85% of traffic moving along its network, which allows it both to capitalize on service advantages and build on opportunities to efficiently use assets.

Corporate organization

The Company manages its rail operations in Canada and the U.S. as one business segment. Financial information reported at this level, such as revenues, operating income and cash flow from operations, is used by the Company’s corporate management in evaluating financial and operational performance and allocating resources across CN’s network. The Company’s strategic initiatives are developed and managed centrally by corporate management and are communicated to its regional activity centers (the Western Region, Eastern Region and Southern Region), whose role is to manage the day-to-day service requirements of their respective territories, control direct costs incurred locally, and execute the strategy and operating plan established by corporate management.

See Note 18 – Segmented information to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s corporate organization, as well as selected financial information by geographic area.

Strategy overview

CN’s business strategy is anchored on the continuous pursuit of Operational and Service Excellence, an unwavering commitment to safety and sustainability, and the development of a solid team of motivated and competent railroaders. CN’s goal is to deliver valuable transportation services for its customers and to grow the business at low incremental cost. CN thereby creates value for its shareholders by striving for sustainable financial performance through profitable top-line growth, adequate free cash flow and return on invested capital. CN is also focused on returning value to shareholders through dividend payments and share repurchase programs. With a clear strategic agenda, driven by a commitment to innovation, productivity, supply-chain collaboration, and running trains safely while minimizing environmental impact, CN aims to create value for its customers as well as its shareholders.

CN’s success is dependent on long-term economic viability and on the presence of a supportive regulatory and policy environment that drives investment and innovation. CN’s success also depends on a stream of capital investments that supports its business strategy. These investments cover a wide range of areas, from track infrastructure and rolling stock, to information technology and other equipment and assets that improve the safety, efficiency and reliability of CN’s service offering. Investments in track infrastructure enhance the productivity and integrity of the plant, and increase the capacity and the fluidity of the network, including track upgrades to accommodate higher volumes and long sidings that allow for longer trains. The acquisition of new locomotives and cars generate several key benefits. New motive power increases fuel productivity and efficiency, and improves the reliability of service. Units equipped with distributed power allow for greater productivity of trains, particularly in cold weather, while improving train handling and safety. Targeted car acquisitions aim to tap growth opportunities, complementing the fleet of privately owned railcars that traverse CN’s network. CN’s strategic investments in information technology provide access to timely and accurate information which supports CN’s ongoing efforts to drive innovation and efficiency in service, cost control, asset utilization, safety and employee engagement.


Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
13
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Balancing “Operational and Service Excellence”

The basic driver of the Company’s business is demand for reliable, efficient, and cost-effective transportation for customers. As such, the Company’s focus is the pursuit of Operational and Service Excellence: striving to operate safely and efficiently while providing a high level of service to customers.

For many years, CN has operated with a mindset that drives cost efficiency and asset utilization. That mindset flows naturally from CN’s Precision Railroading model, which focuses on improving every process that affects delivery of customers’ goods. It is a highly disciplined process whereby CN handles individual rail shipments according to a specific trip plan and manages all aspects of railroad operations to meet customer commitments efficiently and profitably. This calls for the relentless measurement of results and the use of such results to generate further execution improvements in the service provided to customers. CN’s drive to execute flawlessly is a key factor for the Company to grow the top line at low incremental cost. The Company’s continuous search for efficiency is best captured in its performance according to key operating metrics such as car velocity, train speed and locomotive productivity. All are at the center of a highly productive and fluid railroad operation, requiring daily engagement in the field. The Company works hard to run more efficient trains, reduce dwell times at terminals and improve overall network velocity. With CN’s business model, fewer railcars and locomotives are needed to ship the same amount of freight in a tight, reliable and efficient operation. The railroad is run based on a disciplined operating methodology, executing with a sense of urgency and accountability. This philosophy is a key contributor to CN’s earnings growth and return on invested capital.

CN understands the importance of balancing its drive for productivity with efforts to enhance customer service. The Company’s efforts to deliver Operational and Service Excellence are anchored on an end-to-end supply chain mindset, working closely with customers and supply chain partners, as well as involving all relevant areas of the Company in the process. By fostering better end-to-end service performance, encouraging all supply-chain players to move away from a silo mentality to daily engagement, information sharing, problem solving, and execution, CN aims to help customers achieve greater competitiveness in their own markets. Supply Chain Collaboration Agreements with ports, terminal operators and customers leverage key performance metrics that drive efficiencies across the entire supply chain.

The Company is strengthening its commitment to Operational and Service Excellence through a wide range of innovations anchored on its continuous improvement philosophy. CN is building on its industry leadership in terms of fast and reliable hub-to-hub service by striving to improve the entire range of customer touch points, including first-mile/last-mile activities. The Company’s major push in first-mile/last-mile service is all about improving the quality of customer interactions – developing a sharper outside-in perspective; better monitoring of traffic forecasts; higher and more responsive car order fulfillment; and proactive customer communication at the local level, supported by iAdvise, an information tool that is improving the reliability and consistency of shipment information.

CN’s broad-based service innovations benefit customers and support the Company’s goal to grow the business faster than the overall economy. CN understands the importance of being the best operator in the business, and being the best service innovator as well.

Delivering safely and responsibly

CN is committed to the safety of its employees, the communities in which it operates and the environment. Safety consciousness permeates every aspect of CN’s operations. The Company’s long-term safety improvement is driven by continued significant investments in infrastructure, rigorous safety processes and a focus on employee training and safety awareness. CN continues to strengthen its safety culture by investing significantly in training, coaching, recognition and employee involvement initiatives.

CN’s Safety Management Plan is the framework for putting safety at the center of its day-to-day operations. This proactive plan is designed to minimize risk, drive continuous improvement in the reduction of injuries and accidents, and engage employees at all levels of the organization. CN believes that the rail industry can enhance safety by working more closely with communities. Under CN’s structured Community Engagement program, the Company engages with municipal officers and their emergency responders in an effort to assist them in their emergency response planning. In many cases, this outreach includes face-to-face meetings, during which CN discusses its comprehensive safety programs; its safety performance; the nature, volume and economic importance of dangerous commodities it transports through their communities; a review of emergency response planning; and arranging for training sessions for emergency responders. The outreach builds on CN’s involvement in the Transportation Community Awareness and Emergency Response (TRANSCAER®), through which the Company has been working for many years to help communities in Canada and the U.S. understand the movement of hazardous materials and what is required in the event of transportation incidents.

CN has been deepening its commitment to a sustainable operation for many years, and has made sustainability an integral part of its business strategy. The best way in which CN can positively impact the environment is by continuously improving the efficiency of its operations, and reducing its carbon footprint. As part of the Company’s comprehensive sustainability action plan and to comply with the CN Environmental Policy, the Company engages in a number of initiatives, including the use of fuel-efficient locomotives and trucks that reduce greenhouse gas emissions; increasing operational and building efficiencies; investing in energy-efficient data centers and recycling programs for

 
14
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


information technology systems; reducing, recycling and reusing waste and scrap at its facilities and on its network; engaging in modal shift agreements that favor low emission transport services; and participating in the CDP (“Carbon Disclosure Project”) to gain a more comprehensive view of its carbon footprint. The Company combines its expert resources, environmental management procedures, training and audits for employees and contractors, and emergency preparedness response activities to help ensure that it conducts its operations and activities while protecting the natural environment. The Company’s environmental activities include monitoring CN’s environmental performance in Canada and the U.S. (ensuring compliance), identifying environmental issues inside the Company, and managing them in accordance with CN’s Environmental Policy. The Environmental Policy is overseen by the Environment, Safety and Security Committee of the Board of Directors, and all employees must demonstrate commitment to it at all times. Certain risk mitigation strategies, such as periodic audits, employee training programs and emergency plans and procedures, are in place to minimize the environmental risks to the Company.

The CN Environmental Policy, the Company’s CDP Report, the Corporate Citizenship Report “Delivering Responsibly” and the Company’s Corporate Governance Manual, which outlines the role and responsibility of the Environment, Safety and Security Committee of the Board of Directors, are available on CN’s website.

Building a solid team of railroaders

CN’s ability to develop the best railroaders in the industry has been a key contributor to the Company’s success. CN recognizes that without the right people – no matter how good a service plan or business model a company may have – it will not be able to fully execute. The Company is addressing changes in employee demographics that will span multiple years, with the workforce undergoing a major renewal. This is why the Company is focused on hiring the right people, onboarding them successfully, helping them build positive relationships with their colleagues, and helping all employees to grow and develop. As part of its strategy to build a solid team of railroaders, the Company invested in two new state-of-the-art training facilities in 2014, aimed at preparing employees to be highly skilled, safety conscious and confident in their work environment. Curricula for technical training and leadership development has also been improved to meet the learning needs of CN’s railroaders – both current and future. These programs and initiatives provide a solid platform for the assessment and development of the Company’s talent pool, and are tightly integrated with the Company’s business strategy. Progress made in developing current and future leaders through the Company’s leadership development programs is reviewed by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

2014 Highlights

The Company generated the highest volumes and earnings in its history and CN’s growth continued to outpace that of the overall economy, mainly attributable to a record 2013/2014 Canadian grain crop, strong energy markets and new intermodal business.

The Company repurchased 22.4 million shares during the year, returning over $1.5 billion to its shareholders.

The Company paid quarterly dividends of $0.2500 per share amounting to $818 million.

CN spent $2.3 billion in its capital program, with $1.25 billion targeted at maintaining the safety and integrity of the network, particularly track infrastructure; $375 million for equipment capital expenditures, including 60 new high-horsepower locomotives, and $675 million on initiatives to support growth and drive productivity.

The Company’s sustainability practices earned it a place as the leader in the Transportation and Transportation Infrastructure Industry sector of the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index.
 
CN was awarded with a position on The A List: The CDP Climate Performance Leadership Index 2014 for its actions to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the business risks of climate change.
 
CN opened two new state-of-the-art training facilities, one located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in April 2014, the other located in suburban Chicago, Illinois, in July 2014, as part of a new revitalized company-wide training program.

Growth opportunities and assumptions

In 2014, the Company benefited from an increase in North American industrial production, U.S. housing starts and U.S. automotive sales.

In 2015, the Company sees opportunities for growth in energy-related commodities, particularly crude oil and frac sand; intermodal traffic; as well as commodities tied to U.S. housing construction and automotive sales. The Company expects North American industrial production to increase in the range of three to four percent as well as continued improvements in U.S. housing starts and U.S. automotive sales. The 2014/2015 Canadian grain crop represented a significant reduction toward the historical trend line while the U.S. grain crop was above trend. The Company assumes that the 2015/2016 grain crops in both Canada and the U.S. will be in line with trend yields.

Value creation in 2015

CN plans to invest approximately $2.6 billion in its 2015 capital program, of which over $1.3 billion is targeted toward track infrastructure, $500 million on equipment capital expenditures, including adding 90 new high-horsepower locomotives, and $800 million on initiatives to support growth and drive productivity.

The Company’s Board of Directors approved an increase of 25% to the quarterly dividend to common shareholders, from $0.2500 per share in 2014 to $0.3125 per share in 2015.

The Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program which allows for the repurchase of up to 28.0 million common shares between October 24, 2014 and October 23, 2015.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
15
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


The forward-looking statements discussed in this MD&A are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements and are based on certain factors and assumptions which the Company considers reasonable, about events, developments, prospects and opportunities that may not materialize or that may be offset entirely or partially by other events and developments. See the sections of this MD&A entitled Forward-looking statements and Strategy overview – Growth opportunities and assumptions for assumptions and risk factors.
 
Forward-looking statements

Certain information included in this MD&A are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and under Canadian securities laws. CN cautions that, by their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The Company cautions that its assumptions may not materialize and that current economic conditions render such assumptions, although reasonable at the time they were made, subject to greater uncertainty. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to growth opportunities; statements that the Company will benefit from growth in North American and global economies; the anticipation that cash flow from operations and from various sources of financing will be sufficient to meet debt repayments and future obligations in the foreseeable future; statements regarding future payments, including income taxes and pension contributions; as well as the projected capital spending program. Forward-looking statements could further be identified by the use of terminology such as the Company “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “assumes” or other similar words.

Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results or performance of the Company or the rail industry to be materially different from the outlook or any future results or performance implied by such statements. Key assumptions used in determining forward-looking information are set forth below. See also the section of this MD&A entitled Strategy overview – Growth opportunities and assumptions.
 
Forward-looking statements
Key assumptions or expectations
Statements relating to general economic and business conditions, including those referring to revenue growth opportunities
·      North American and global economic growth
·      Long-term growth opportunities being less affected by current economic conditions
·      Year-over-year carload growth
Statements relating to the Company’s ability to meet debt repayments and future obligations in the foreseeable future, including income tax payments, and capital spending
·      North American and global economic growth
·      Adequate credit ratios
·      Investment grade credit rating
·      Access to capital markets
·      Adequate cash generated from operations and other sources of financing
Statements relating to pension contributions
·      Adequate cash generated from operations and other sources of financing
·      Adequate long-term return on investment on pension plan assets
·      Level of funding as determined by actuarial valuations, particularly influenced by discount rates for funding purposes

Important risk factors that could affect the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the effects of general economic and business conditions; industry competition; inflation, currency and interest rate fluctuations; changes in fuel prices; legislative and/or regulatory developments; compliance with environmental laws and regulations; actions by regulators; various events which could disrupt operations, including natural events such as severe weather, droughts, floods and earthquakes; labor negotiations and disruptions; environmental claims; uncertainties of investigations, proceedings or other types of claims and litigation; risks and liabilities arising from derailments; and other risks detailed from time to time in reports filed by CN with securities regulators in Canada and the U.S. See the section of this MD&A entitled Business risks for detailed information on major risk factors.

CN assumes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances, or changes in beliefs, unless required by applicable Canadian securities laws. In the event CN does update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be made that CN will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statement.

Financial outlook

During the year, the Company issued and updated its 2014 financial outlook. The 2014 actual results were in line with the Company’s last 2014 financial outlook that was issued on October 21, 2014.


16
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Financial highlights

                     
Change
 
                     
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
 
In millions, except percentage and per share data
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
   
2014 vs 2013
   
2013 vs 2012
 
Revenues
  $ 12,134     $ 10,575     $ 9,920       15 %     7 %
Operating income
  $ 4,624     $ 3,873     $ 3,685       19 %     5 %
Net income
  $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680       21 %     (3 %)
Adjusted net income (1)
  $ 3,095     $ 2,582     $ 2,456       20 %     5 %
                                         
Basic earnings per share
  $ 3.86     $ 3.10     $ 3.08       25 %     1 %
Adjusted basic earnings per share (1)
  $ 3.77     $ 3.07     $ 2.82       23 %     9 %
                                         
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.85     $ 3.09     $ 3.06       25 %     1 %
Adjusted diluted earnings per share (1)
  $ 3.76     $ 3.06     $ 2.81       23 %     9 %
                                         
Dividends declared per share
  $ 1.00     $ 0.86     $ 0.75       16 %     15 %
                                         
Total assets
  $ 31,792     $ 30,163     $ 26,659       5 %     13 %
Total long-term liabilities
  $ 16,121     $ 14,712     $ 13,438       (10 %)     (9 %)
                                 
Operating ratio
    61.9%       63.4%       62.9%    
1.5-pts
 
(0.5)-pts
                                 
Free cash flow (2)
  $ 2,220     $ 1,623     $ 1,661       37 %     (2 %)
 
(1)
See the section of this MD&A entitled Adjusted performance measures for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure.
 
(2)
See the section of this MD&A entitled Liquidity and capital resources – Free cash flow for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure.

2014 compared to 2013

In 2014, net income was $3,167 million, an increase of $555 million, or 21%, when compared to 2013, with diluted earnings per share rising 25% to $3.85. The $555 million increase was mainly due to an increase in Operating income, net of related income taxes.

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $751 million, or 19%, to $4,624 million. The operating ratio, defined as operating expenses as a percentage of revenues, was 61.9% in 2014, compared to 63.4% in 2013, a 1.5-point improvement.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $1,559 million or 15%, to $12,134 million, mainly attributable to:

 
higher freight volumes due to a record 2013/2014 Canadian grain crop, strong energy markets, particularly crude oil and frac sand, as well as new intermodal and automotive business;

 
the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated revenues; and

 
freight rate increases.

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by $808 million, or 12%, to $7,510 million, mainly due to:

 
the negative translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated expenses;

 
increased purchased services and material expense;

 
higher fuel costs; and

 
increased labor and fringe benefits expense.
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
17
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


Adjusted performance measures

Management believes that adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share are useful measures of performance that can facilitate period-to-period comparisons, as they exclude items that do not necessarily arise as part of the normal day-to-day operations of the Company and could distort the analysis of trends in business performance. The exclusion of such items in adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share does not, however, imply that such items are necessarily non-recurring. These adjusted measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The reader is advised to read all information provided in the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes thereto and this MD&A.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company reported adjusted net income of $3,095 million, or $3.76 per diluted share. The adjusted figures for the year ended December 31, 2014 exclude a gain on disposal of the Deux-Montagnes subdivision, including the Mont-Royal tunnel, together with the rail fixtures (collectively the “Deux-Montagnes”), of $80 million, or $72 million after-tax ($0.09 per diluted share).

For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company reported adjusted net income of $2,582 million, or $3.06 per diluted share. The adjusted figures for the year ended December 31, 2013 exclude a gain on exchange of perpetual railroad operating easements including the track and roadway assets on specific rail lines (collectively the “exchange of easements”), of $29 million, or $18 million after-tax ($0.02 per diluted share) and a gain on disposal of a segment of the Oakville subdivision, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements (collectively the “Lakeshore West”), of $40 million, or $36 million after-tax ($0.04 per diluted share). The adjusted figures also exclude a $24 million ($0.03 per diluted share) income tax expense from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company reported adjusted net income of $2,456 million, or $2.81 per diluted share. The adjusted figures for the year ended December 31, 2012 exclude a gain on disposal of a segment of the Bala and a segment of the Oakville subdivisions, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements (collectively the “Bala-Oakville”), of $281 million, or $252 million after-tax ($0.29 per basic share or $0.28 per diluted share); and a net income tax expense of $28 million ($0.03 per diluted share) consisting of a $35 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates that was partly offset by a $7 million income tax recovery resulting from the recapitalization of a foreign investment.
 
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income and earnings per share, as reported for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, to the adjusted performance measures presented herein.

In millions, except per share data
                 
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Net income as reported
  $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
Adjustments:
                       
Other income
    (80 )     (69 )     (281 )
Income tax expense
    8       39       57  
Adjusted net income
  $ 3,095     $ 2,582     $ 2,456  
Basic earnings per share as reported
  $ 3.86     $ 3.10     $ 3.08  
Impact of adjustments, per share
    (0.09 )     (0.03 )     (0.26 )
Adjusted basic earnings per share
  $ 3.77     $ 3.07     $ 2.82  
Diluted earnings per share as reported
  $ 3.85     $ 3.09     $ 3.06  
Impact of adjustments, per share
    (0.09 )     (0.03 )     (0.25 )
Adjusted diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.76     $ 3.06     $ 2.81  

Constant currency

Financial results at constant currency allow results to be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons in the analysis of trends in business performance. Measures at constant currency are considered non-GAAP measures and do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Financial results at constant currency are obtained by translating the current period results denominated in US dollars at the foreign exchange rates of the comparable period of the prior year. The average foreign exchange rates were $1.10 and $1.03 per US$1.00, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

On a constant currency basis, the Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 would have been lower by $121 million, or $0.15 per diluted share.

 
18
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Revenues

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
                   
                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Rail freight revenues
  $ 11,455     $ 9,951       15 %     11 %
Other revenues
    679       624       9 %     4 %
Total revenues
  $ 12,134     $ 10,575       15 %     10 %
Rail freight revenues
                               
Petroleum and chemicals
  $ 2,354     $ 1,952       21 %     15 %
Metals and minerals
    1,484       1,240       20 %     14 %
Forest products
    1,523       1,424       7 %     2 %
Coal
    740       713       4 %     -  
Grain and fertilizers
    1,986       1,638       21 %     17 %
Intermodal
    2,748       2,429       13 %     11 %
Automotive
    620       555       12 %     6 %
Total rail freight revenues
  $ 11,455     $ 9,951       15 %     11 %
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)
    232,138       210,133       10 %     10 %
Rail freight revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.93       4.74       4 %     -  
Carloads (thousands)
    5,625       5,190       8 %     8 %
Rail freight revenue/carload (dollars)
    2,036       1,917       6 %     2 %

In order to better represent rail freight and related revenues within the commodity groups and maintain non-rail services that support CN’s rail business within Other revenues, certain other revenues were reclassified to the commodity groups within rail freight revenues. Revenues earned from trucking intermodal goods were reclassified from Other revenues to the Intermodal commodity group and services that relate to the movement of rail freight were reclassified from Other revenues to the related commodity groups. The 2013 comparative figures have been reclassified in order to be consistent with the 2014 presentation as discussed herein. This change has no impact on the Company’s previously reported results of operations as Total revenues remain unchanged.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014, totaled $12,134 million compared to $10,575 million in 2013. The increase of $1,559 million, or 15%, was mainly attributable to higher freight volumes due to a record 2013/2014 Canadian grain crop, strong energy markets, particularly crude oil and frac sand, new intermodal and automotive business; the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated revenues; and freight rate increases. Fuel surcharge revenues increased by $72 million in 2014, due to higher freight volumes partly offset by lower fuel surcharge rates.

In 2014, revenue ton miles (RTM), measuring the relative weight and distance of rail freight transported by the Company, increased by 10% relative to 2013.

Rail freight revenue per revenue ton mile, a measurement of yield defined as revenue earned on the movement of a ton of freight over one mile, increased by 4% when compared to 2013, driven by the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases, partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 

Petroleum and chemicals

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 2,354     $ 1,952       21 %     15 %
RTMs (millions)
    53,169       44,634       19 %     19 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.43       4.37       1 %     (3 %)

The petroleum and chemicals commodity group comprises a wide range of commodities, including chemicals and plastics, refined petroleum products, natural gas liquids, crude oil and sulfur. The primary markets for these commodities are within North America, and as such, the performance of this commodity group is closely correlated with the North American economy as well as oil and gas production. Most of the Company’s petroleum and chemicals shipments originate in the Louisiana petrochemical corridor between New Orleans and Baton Rouge; in Western Canada, a key oil and gas development area and a major center for natural gas feedstock and world-scale petrochemicals and plastics; and in eastern Canadian regional plants.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $402 million, or 21%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to higher crude oil and natural gas liquid shipments, the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, freight rate increases, and higher fuel surcharge revenues due to higher freight volumes partly offset by a lower fuel surcharge rate. These factors were partly offset by lower volumes of chlorine and sulfur.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 1% in 2014, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases, partly offset by a significant increase in the average length of haul.
 
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
19
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 


 
Metals and minerals

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,484     $ 1,240       20 %     14 %
RTMs (millions)
    24,686       21,342       16 %     16 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    6.01       5.81       3 %     (2 %)

The metals and minerals commodity group consists primarily of materials related to oil and gas development, steel, iron ore, non-ferrous base metals and ores, construction materials and machinery and dimensional (large) loads. The Company provides unique rail access to base metals, iron ore and frac sand mining as well as aluminum and steel producing regions, which are among the most important in North America. This strong origin franchise, coupled with the Company’s access to port facilities and the end markets for these commodities, has made CN a leader in the transportation of metals and minerals products. The key drivers for this market segment are oil and gas development, automotive production, and non-residential construction.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $244 million, or 20%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to higher volumes of frac sand, increased shipments of semi-finished steel products, the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, and freight rate increases.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 3% in 2014, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases, partly offset by a significant increase in the average length of haul.
 
 
 
Forest products

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,523     $ 1,424       7 %     2 %
RTMs (millions)
    29,070       29,630       (2 %)     (2 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    5.24       4.81       9 %     4 %
 

The forest products commodity group includes various types of lumber, panels, paper, wood pulp and other fibers such as logs, recycled paper, wood chips, and wood pellets. The Company has extensive rail access to the western and eastern Canadian fiber-producing regions, which are among the largest fiber source areas in North America. In the U.S., the Company is strategically located to serve both the midwest and southern U.S. corridors with interline connections to other Class I railroads. The key drivers for the various commodities are: for newsprint, advertising lineage, non-print media and overall economic conditions, primarily in the U.S.; for fibers (mainly wood pulp), the consumption of paper, pulpboard and tissue in North American and offshore markets; and for lumber and panels, housing starts and renovation activities primarily in the U.S.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $99 million, or 7%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, freight rate increases, and higher volumes of lumber and panels to U.S. markets. These factors were partly offset by decreased shipments of lumber and wood pulp to offshore markets and lower fuel surcharge revenues due to lower freight volumes.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 9% in 2014, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases, partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 

 
20
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
Coal

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 740     $ 713       4 %     -  
RTMs (millions)
    21,147       22,315       (5 %)     (5 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.50       3.20       9 %     5 %

The coal commodity group consists of thermal grades of bituminous coal, metallurgical coal and petroleum coke. Canadian thermal and metallurgical coal are largely exported via terminals on the west coast of Canada to offshore markets. In the U.S., thermal coal is transported from mines served in southern Illinois, or from western U.S. mines via interchange with other railroads, to major utilities in the midwest and southeast U.S., as well as offshore markets via terminals in the Gulf and the Port of Prince Rupert.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $27 million, or 4%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, partly offset by lower volumes. Decreased shipments of metallurgical coal, thermal coal, and petroleum coke through west coast ports were partly offset by increased shipments of thermal coal to U.S. utilities and for export through the Gulf.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 9% in 2014, mainly due to freight rate increases, the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, and a significant decrease in the average length of haul.
 


Grain and fertilizers
 
 
                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
   
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,986     $ 1,638       21 %     17 %
RTMs (millions)
    51,326       43,180       19 %     19 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.87       3.79       2 %     (1 %)

The grain and fertilizers commodity group depends primarily on crops grown and fertilizers processed in western Canada and the U.S. midwest. The grain segment consists of three primary segments: food grains (mainly wheat, oats and malting barley), feed grains and feed grain products (including feed barley, feed wheat, peas, corn, ethanol and dried distillers grains), and oilseeds and oilseed products (primarily canola seed, oil and meal, and soybeans). Production of grain varies considerably from year to year, affected primarily by weather conditions, seeded and harvested acreage, the mix of grains produced and crop yields. Grain exports are sensitive to the size and quality of the crop produced, international market conditions and foreign government policy. The majority of grain produced in western Canada and moved by CN is exported via the ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert and Thunder Bay. Certain of these rail movements are subject to government regulation and to a revenue cap, which effectively establishes a maximum revenue entitlement that railways can earn. In the U.S., grain grown in Illinois and Iowa is exported as well as transported to domestic processing facilities and feed markets. The Company also serves major producers of potash in Canada, as well as producers of ammonium nitrate, urea and other fertilizers across Canada and the U.S.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $348 million, or 21%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to higher volumes of Canadian wheat and canola due to a record 2013/2014 Canadian grain crop, as well as increased shipments of corn and soybeans for export due to higher crop yields in the U.S.; the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar; and freight rate increases. These factors were partly offset by lower volumes of fertilizers.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 2% in 2014, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases, partly offset by a significant increase in the average length of haul.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
21
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis



Intermodal

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 2,748     $ 2,429       13 %     11 %
RTMs (millions)
    49,581       46,291       7 %     7 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    5.54       5.25       6 %     3 %

The intermodal commodity group includes rail and trucking services and is comprised of two segments: domestic and international. The domestic segment transports consumer products and manufactured goods, serving both retail and wholesale channels, within domestic Canada, domestic U.S., Mexico and transborder, while the international segment handles import and export container traffic, directly serving the major ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert, Montreal, Halifax and New Orleans. The domestic segment is driven by consumer markets, with growth generally tied to the economy. The international segment is driven by North American economic and trade conditions.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $319 million, or 13%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to new business and higher shipments through the ports of Vancouver and Montreal, and increased volumes through the Port of Prince Rupert; the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar; higher fuel surcharge revenues due to increased freight volumes; and freight rate increases. These increases were partly offset by reduced domestic volumes serving wholesale channels.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 6% in 2014, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases.
 
 
Automotive

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 620     $ 555       12 %     6 %
RTMs (millions)
    3,159       2,741       15 %     15 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    19.63       20.25       (3 %)     (8 %)

The automotive commodity group moves both finished vehicles and parts throughout North America, providing rail access to certain vehicle assembly plants in Canada, and Michigan and Mississippi in the U.S. The Company also serves vehicle distribution facilities in Canada and the U.S., as well as parts production facilities in Michigan and Ontario. The Company serves shippers of import vehicles via the ports of Halifax and Vancouver, and through interchange with other railroads. The Company’s automotive revenues are closely correlated to automotive production and sales in North America.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, revenues for this commodity group increased by $65 million, or 12%, when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to higher volumes of domestic finished vehicle traffic as a result of new business and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.

Revenue per revenue ton mile decreased by 3% in 2014, mainly due to a significant increase in the average length of haul, partly offset by the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.
 


 
Other revenues

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 679     $ 624       9 %     4 %
 

 
Other revenues are largely derived from non-rail services that support CN’s rail business including vessels and docks, warehousing and distribution, automotive logistic services, freight forwarding and transportation management; as well as other revenues including commuter train revenues.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, Other revenues increased by $55 million, or 9%, when compared to 2013, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, higher revenues from vessels and docks, as well as international freight forwarding.
 
 
22
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
Operating expenses

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 amounted to $7,510 million compared to $6,702 million in 2013. The increase of $808 million, or 12%, in 2014 was mainly due to the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated expenses, increased purchased services and material expense, higher fuel costs, as well as increased labor and fringe benefits expense.

                       
% Change
 
Percentage of revenues
                       
at constant
           
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
% Change
 
currency
 
2014
 
2013
Labor and fringe benefits
  $ 2,319     $ 2,182       (6 %)     (4 %)     19.1 %     20.6 %
Purchased services and material
    1,598       1,351       (18 %)     (15 %)     13.2 %     12.8 %
Fuel
      1,846       1,619       (14 %)     (7 %)     15.2 %     15.3 %
Depreciation and amortization
    1,050       980       (7 %)     (5 %)     8.7 %     9.3 %
Equipment rents
      329       275       (20 %)     (13 %)     2.7 %     2.6 %
Casualty and other
      368       295       (25 %)     (20 %)     3.0 %     2.8 %
Total operating expenses
    $ 7,510     $ 6,702       (12 %)     (8 %)     61.9 %     63.4 %

Labor and fringe benefits

Labor and fringe benefits expense includes wages, payroll taxes, and employee benefits such as incentive compensation, including stock-based compensation; health and welfare; and pension and other postretirement benefits. Certain incentive and stock-based compensation plans are based on financial and market performance targets and the related expense is recorded in relation to the attainment of such targets.

Labor and fringe benefits expense increased by $137 million, or 6%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was primarily a result of higher headcount to accommodate volume growth, general wage increases, the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar, as well as higher stock-based compensation expense. The increase was partly offset by a decrease in pension expense and the impact of improved labor productivity.

Purchased services and material

Purchased services and material expense primarily includes the cost of services purchased from outside contractors; materials used in the maintenance of the Company’s track, facilities and equipment; transportation and lodging for train crew employees; utility costs; and the net costs of operating facilities jointly used by the Company and other railroads.

Purchased services and material expense increased by $247 million, or 18%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to weather-related conditions in the first quarter of 2014 that impacted materials, utilities, and maintenance costs for rolling stock; the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar; as well as increased freight volumes that resulted in higher costs for materials and third-party non-rail transportation carriers.

Fuel

Fuel expense includes fuel consumed by assets, including locomotives, vessels, vehicles and other equipment as well as federal, provincial and state fuel taxes.

Fuel expense increased by $227 million, or 14%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was due to higher freight volumes and the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar, partly offset by increased fuel productivity and a lower US dollar average price for fuel.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation expense is affected by capital additions, railroad property retirements from disposal, sale and/or abandonment and other adjustments including asset impairments.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $70 million, or 7%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to net capital additions, the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar, as well as the change in composite depreciation rates resulting from the 2013 depreciation study on certain U.S. track and roadway properties, partly offset by some asset impairments in 2013.

Equipment rents

Equipment rents expense includes rental expense for the use of freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies and for the short- or long-term lease of freight cars, locomotives and intermodal equipment, net of rental income from other railroads for the use of the Company’s cars and locomotives.

Equipment rents expense increased by $54 million, or 20%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to increased car hire expense due to higher volumes, the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar and higher costs for the use of equipment from other railroads, partly offset by increased car hire income.

Casualty and other

Casualty and other expense includes expenses for personal injuries, environmental, freight and property damage, insurance, bad debt, operating taxes, and travel expenses.

Casualty and other expense increased by $73 million, or 25%, in 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to higher accident-related costs, increased property taxes and the
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
23
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 

negative impact of the weaker Canadian dollar, partly offset by lower workers’ compensation expenses.
 
Other income and expenses
 
Interest expense
 
In 2014, interest expense was $371 million compared to $357 million in 2013. The increase was mainly due to the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated interest expense partly offset by lower interest expense on capital lease obligations.
 
Other income
 
In 2014, the Company recorded other income of $107 million compared to $73 million in 2013. Included in Other income for 2014 was a gain on disposal of the Deux-Montagnes of $80 million. Included in Other income for 2013 was a gain on the exchange of easements of $29 million and a gain on disposal of the Lakeshore West of $40 million.
 
Income tax expense
 
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1,193 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $977 million in 2013.
 
Included in the 2014 figure was an income tax recovery of $18 million resulting from a change in estimate of the deferred income tax liability related to properties.
 
Included in the 2013 figure was a net income tax recovery of $7 million consisting of a $24 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates; a $15 million income tax recovery resulting from the recognition of U.S. state income tax losses; and a $16 million income tax recovery resulting from a revision of the apportionment of U.S. state income taxes.
 
The effective tax rate for 2014 was 27.4% compared to 27.2% in 2013. Excluding the net income tax recoveries of $18 million and $7 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively, the effective tax rate for 2014 was 27.8% compared to 27.4% in 2013.
 
2013 compared to 2012
 
In 2013, net income was $2,612 million, a decrease of $68 million, or 3%, when compared to 2012, with diluted earnings per share rising 1% to $3.09. The $68 million decrease was mainly due to a reduction in Other income resulting from lower gains on disposal of rail assets that was partly offset by an increase in Operating income.
 
Included in the 2013 figures was a gain on the exchange of easements of $29 million, or $18 million after-tax ($0.02 per diluted share) and a gain on disposal of the Lakeshore West of $40 million, or $36 million after-tax ($0.04 per diluted share). The 2013 figures also included a $24 million ($0.03 per diluted share) income tax expense from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates. Included in the 2012 figures was a gain on disposal of the Bala-Oakville of $281 million, or $252 million after-tax ($0.28 per diluted share) and a net income tax expense of $28 million ($0.03 per diluted share) consisting of a $35 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates that was partly offset by a $7 million income tax recovery resulting from the recapitalization of a foreign investment.
 
Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $188 million, or 5%, to $3,873 million. The operating ratio was 63.4% in 2013, compared to 62.9% in 2012, a 0.5-point deterioration.
 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $655 million, or 7%, to $10,575 million, mainly attributable to:

freight rate increases;

higher freight volumes due to strong energy markets, market share gains, as well as growth in the North American economy;

the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated revenues; and

higher fuel surcharge revenues, mainly as a result of higher freight volumes.

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $467 million, or 7%, to $6,702 million, mainly due to:

higher labor and fringe benefits expense;

the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated expenses; and

increased purchased services and material expense, in part due to weather-related conditions;

partly offset by lower casualty and other expense.

On a constant currency basis, the Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 would have been lower by $37 million, or $0.04 per diluted share.

 
24
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
Revenues

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
                   
                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Rail freight revenues
  $ 9,951     $ 9,306       7 %     5 %
Other revenues
    624       614       2 %     -  
Total revenues
  $ 10,575     $ 9,920       7 %     5 %
Rail freight revenues
                               
Petroleum and chemicals
  $ 1,952     $ 1,655       18 %     16 %
Metals and minerals
    1,240       1,159       7 %     5 %
Forest products
    1,424       1,341       6 %     4 %
Coal
    713       731       (2 %)     (4 %)
Grain and fertilizers
    1,638       1,613       2 %     -  
Intermodal
    2,429       2,261       7 %     7 %
Automotive
    555       546       2 %     -  
Total rail freight revenues
  $ 9,951     $ 9,306       7 %     5 %
Revenue ton miles (RTM) (millions)
    210,133       201,496       4 %     4 %
Rail freight revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.74       4.62       3 %     1 %
Carloads (thousands)
    5,190       5,059       3 %     3 %
Rail freight revenue/carload (dollars)
    1,917       1,839       4 %     3 %

In order to better represent rail freight and related revenues within the commodity groups and maintain non-rail services that support CN’s rail business within Other revenues, certain other revenues were reclassified to the commodity groups within rail freight revenues. Revenues earned from trucking intermodal goods were reclassified from Other revenues to the Intermodal commodity group and services that relate to the movement of rail freight were reclassified from Other revenues to the related commodity groups. The 2013 and 2012 figures have been reclassified in order to be consistent with the 2014 presentation as discussed herein. This change has no impact on the Company’s previously reported results of operations as Total revenues remain unchanged.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 totaled $10,575 million compared to $9,920 million in 2012. The increase of $655 million, or 7%, was mainly attributable to freight rate increases; higher freight volumes due to strong energy markets, market share gains, as well as growth in the North American economy and the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated revenues. Fuel surcharge revenues increased by approximately $35 million in 2013 mainly as a result of higher freight volumes.

In 2013, RTMs, increased by 4% relative to 2012. Rail freight revenue per revenue ton mile, increased by 3% when compared to 2012, driven by freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar, partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul.
 
Petroleum and chemicals

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,952     $ 1,655       18 %     16 %
RTMs (millions)
    44,634       37,449       19 %     19 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.37       4.42       (1 %)     (3 %)

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $297 million, or 18%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to significantly higher crude oil shipments, and increased volumes of propane, freight rate increases, the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, and higher fuel surcharge revenues due to longer haul volumes. These factors were partly offset by lower volumes of sulfur and reduced shipments of refined petroleum products due to a customer conversion to pipeline.

Revenue per revenue ton mile decreased by 1% in 2013, mainly due to a significant increase in the average length of haul, offset by freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.

Metals and minerals

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,240     $ 1,159       7 %     5 %
RTMs (millions)
    21,342       20,236       5 %     5 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    5.81       5.73       1 %     (1 %)

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $81 million, or 7%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, higher volumes of frac sand and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar. These factors were partly offset by lower shipments of steel products and non-ferrous ores.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 1% in 2013, mainly due to freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, partly offset by an increase in the average length of haul, mainly in the fourth quarter.

Forest products

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,424     $ 1,341       6 %     4 %
RTMs (millions)
    29,630       29,674       -       -  
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    4.81       4.52       6 %     4 %

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $83 million, or 6%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, and
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
25
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 

increased shipments of lumber and panels to the U.S. due to an improvement in the housing market. These factors were partly offset by a decrease in shipments of wood pulp, in part due to a mill closure in western Canada.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 6% in 2013, mainly due to freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.

Coal

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 713     $ 731       (2 %)     (4 %)
RTMs (millions)
    22,315       23,570       (5 %)     (5 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.20       3.10       3 %     2 %

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group decreased by $18 million, or 2%, when compared to 2012. The decrease was mainly due to lower volumes of export thermal coal through west coast ports and reduced shipments of domestic thermal coal to U.S. utilities. These factors were partly offset by higher shipments of export metallurgical coal through west coast ports; freight rate increases; and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 3% in 2013, mainly due to freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.

Grain and fertilizers

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 1,638     $ 1,613       2 %     -  
RTMs (millions)
    43,180       45,417       (5 %)     (5 %)
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    3.79       3.55       7 %     5 %

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $25 million, or 2%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to freight rate increases, greater volumes of potash for offshore export and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar. These factors were partly offset by lower shipments of canola and Canadian wheat, mainly for export, and lower volumes of barley.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 7% in 2013, mainly due to freight rate increases and the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar.
 
Intermodal

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 2,429     $ 2,261       7 %     7 %
RTMs (millions)
    46,291       42,396       9 %     9 %
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    5.25       5.33       (2 %)     (2 %)

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $168 million, or 7%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to higher shipments through the Port of Vancouver, in part as a result of new business, and increased volumes of domestic intermodal; higher fuel surcharge revenues due to increased freight volumes; the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar; and freight rate increases. These factors were partly offset by lower volumes through the Port of Prince Rupert.

Revenue per revenue ton mile decreased by 2% in 2013, mainly due to an increase in the average length of haul, partly offset by the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases.

Automotive

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 555     $ 546       2 %     -  
RTMs (millions)
    2,741       2,754       -       -  
Revenue/RTM (cents)
    20.25       19.83       2 %     -  

For the year ended December 31, 2013, revenues for this commodity group increased by $9 million, or 2%, when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar and freight rate increases. These factors were partly offset by a non-recurring movement of military equipment in 2012.

Revenue per revenue ton mile increased by 2% in 2013, mainly due to the positive translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar, freight rate increases, and a decrease in the average length of haul.

Other revenues

                     
% Change
                     
at constant
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
Revenues (millions)
  $ 624     $ 614       2 %     -  

In 2013, Other revenues amounted to $624 million, an increase of $10 million, or 2%, when compared to 2012, mainly due to higher revenues from vessels and docks, partly offset by lower revenues from transportation management services.

 
26
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Operating expenses

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 amounted to $6,702 million, compared to $6,235 million in 2012. The increase of $467 million, or 7%, in 2013 was mainly due to higher labor and fringe benefits expense; the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated expenses; and increased purchased services and material expense, in part due to weather-related conditions. These factors were partly offset by lower casualty and other expense.

                       
% Change
 
Percentage of revenues
                       
at constant
           
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2013
   
2012
   
% Change
 
currency
 
2013
 
2012
Labor and fringe benefits
  $ 2,182     $ 1,952       (12 %)     (11 %)     20.6 %     19.7 %
Purchased services and material
    1,351       1,248       (8 %)     (7 %)     12.8 %     12.6 %
Fuel
      1,619       1,524       (6 %)     (3 %)     15.3 %     15.4 %
Depreciation and amortization
    980       924       (6 %)     (5 %)     9.3 %     9.3 %
Equipment rents
      275       249       (10 %)     (8 %)     2.6 %     2.5 %
Casualty and other
      295       338       13 %     15 %     2.8 %     3.4 %
Total operating expenses
    $ 6,702     $ 6,235       (7 %)     (6 %)     63.4 %     62.9 %

Labor and fringe benefits

Labor and fringe benefits expense increased by $230 million, or 12%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The increase was primarily a result of increased pension expense, higher wages due to the impact of a higher workforce level as a result of volume growth and general wage increases, higher incentive compensation, as well as the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar.

Purchased services and material

Purchased services and material expense increased by $103 million, or 8%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to weather-related conditions impacting materials, crew accommodation and utilities expenses; higher maintenance expenses for track, rolling stock and other equipment; the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar; and higher costs for third-party non-rail transportation providers.

Fuel

Fuel expense increased by $95 million, or 6%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The increase was primarily due to higher freight volumes and the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar. These factors were partly offset by productivity improvements.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $56 million, or 6%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The increase was mainly due to the impact of net capital additions, some asset impairments, as well as the effect of a depreciation study on certain U.S. track and roadway properties, which were partly offset by the effect of a depreciation study on Canadian track and roadway properties.

Equipment rents

Equipment rents expense increased by $26 million, or 10%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The increase was primarily due to higher lease costs for intermodal equipment on account of volume increases, higher net car hire expenses, and the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar.

Casualty and other

Casualty and other expense decreased by $43 million, or 13%, in 2013 when compared to 2012. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction to the liability for U.S. legal claims pursuant to an actuarial valuation, as well as overall lower legal expenses; lower environmental expenses; and lower workers’ compensation expenses; that were partly offset by the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar.

Other income and expenses

Interest expense

In 2013, interest expense was $357 million compared to $342 million in 2012. The increase was mainly due to a higher level of debt and the negative translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated interest expense, partly offset by a lower weighted-average interest rate.

Other income

In 2013, the Company recorded other income of $73 million compared to $315 million in 2012. Included in Other income for 2013 was a gain on exchange of easements in the amount of $29 million and a gain on disposal of the Lakeshore West of $40 million. Included in Other income for 2012 was a gain on disposal of the Bala-Oakville of $281 million.

Income tax expense

The Company recorded income tax expense of $977 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to $978 million in 2012. The 2013 figure includes a net income tax recovery of $7 million which consisted of a $15 million income tax recovery from the recognition of U.S. state income tax losses and a $16 million income tax recovery from a revision of the apportionment of U.S. state income taxes, which were partly offset by a combined
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
27
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


$24 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates. Included in the 2012 figure was a net income tax expense of $28 million, which consisted of a $35 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates that was partly offset by a $7 million income tax recovery resulting from the recapitalization of a foreign investment. The effective tax rate for 2013 was 27.2% compared to 26.7% in 2012.

Summary of quarterly financial data

      2014 Quarters       2013 Quarters  
In millions, except per share data
 
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Revenues
  $ 3,207     $ 3,118     $ 3,116     $ 2,693     $ 2,745     $ 2,698     $ 2,666     $ 2,466  
Operating income
  $ 1,260     $ 1,286     $ 1,258     $ 820     $ 967     $ 1,084     $ 1,042     $ 780  
Net income
  $ 844     $ 853     $ 847     $ 623     $ 635     $ 705     $ 717     $ 555  
                                                                 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 1.04     $ 1.04     $ 1.03     $ 0.75     $ 0.76     $ 0.84     $ 0.85     $ 0.65  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 1.03     $ 1.04     $ 1.03     $ 0.75     $ 0.76     $ 0.84     $ 0.84     $ 0.65  
                                                                 
Dividends declared per share
  $ 0.250     $ 0.250     $ 0.250     $ 0.250     $ 0.215     $ 0.215     $ 0.215     $ 0.215  

Revenues generated by the Company during the year are influenced by seasonal weather conditions, general economic conditions, cyclical demand for rail transportation, and competitive forces in the transportation marketplace (see the section of this MD&A entitled Business risks). Operating expenses reflect the impact of freight volumes, seasonal weather conditions, labor costs, fuel prices, and the Company’s productivity initiatives. Fluctuations in the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar have also affected the conversion of the Company’s US dollar-denominated revenues and expenses and resulted in fluctuations in net income in the rolling eight quarters presented above.

The Company’s quarterly results include items that impacted the quarter-over-quarter comparability of the results of operations as discussed below:

      2014 Quarters       2013 Quarters  
In millions, except per share data
 
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Income tax expenses (1)
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (19 )   $ (5 )   $ -  
After-tax gain on disposal of property (2) (3) (4)
    -       -       -       72       -       -       18       36  
Impact on net income
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 72     $ -     $ (19 )   $ 13     $ 36  
                                                                 
Impact on basic earnings per share
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 0.09     $ -     $ (0.02 )   $ 0.01     $ 0.04  
Impact on diluted earnings per share
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 0.09     $ -     $ (0.02 )   $ 0.01     $ 0.04  

(1)
Income tax expenses resulted from the enactment of provincial corporate income tax rate changes.
(2)
The Company sold the Deux-Montagnes in the first quarter of 2014 for $97 million. A gain on disposal of $80 million ($72 million after-tax) was recognized in Other income.
(3)
In the second quarter of 2013, the Company entered into an exchange of easements without monetary consideration. A gain of $29 million ($18 million after-tax) was recognized in Other income.
(4)
The Company sold the Lakeshore West in the first quarter of 2013 for $52 million. A gain on disposal of $40 million ($36 million after-tax) was recognized in Other income.

Summary of fourth quarter 2014

Fourth quarter 2014 net income was $844 million, an increase of $209 million, or 33%, when compared to the same period in 2013, with diluted earnings per share rising 36% to $1.03.

The operating ratio was 60.7% in the fourth quarter of 2014 compared to 64.8% in the fourth quarter of 2013, a 4.1-point improvement, in part due to favorable winter conditions.

Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2014 increased by $462 million, or 17%, to $3,207 million, when compared to the same period in 2013. The increase was mainly attributable to higher freight volumes due to strong energy markets, a record 2013/2014 Canadian grain crop, and market share gains in intermodal and automotive; the positive translation impact of the weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated revenues; and freight rate increases. Fuel surcharge revenues decreased by $8 million in the fourth quarter of 2014, due to lower fuel surcharge rates partly offset by higher freight volumes.

Operating expenses for the fourth quarter of 2014 increased by $169 million, or 10%, to $1,947 million, when compared to the same period in 2013. The increase was primarily due to the negative translation impact of a weaker Canadian dollar on US dollar-denominated expenses; increased purchased services and material expense; higher casualty and other; as well as increased depreciation and amortization expense.

 
28
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Financial position

The following tables provide an analysis of the Company’s balance sheet as at December 31, 2014 as compared to 2013. Assets and liabilities denominated in US dollars have been translated to Canadian dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. As at December 31, 2014 and 2013, the foreign exchange rates were $1.1601 and $1.0636 per US$1.00, respectively.

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
Foreign
exchange
impact
 
Variance
excluding
foreign
exchange
 
Explanation of variance,
other than foreign exchange impact
Total assets
    $ 31,792     $ 30,163     $ 1,134     $ 495    
                                     
Variance mainly due to:
                                   
Properties
      28,514       26,227       1,032       1,255  
Increase primarily due to gross property additions of $2,297  million,  partly  offset by  depreciation of $1,050 million.
                                     
Pension asset
      882       1,662       -       (780 )
Decrease due primarily to the decrease in the year-end discount rate from 4.73% in 2013 to 3.87% in 2014.
Total liabilities
    $ 18,322     $ 17,210     $ 1,057     $ 55    
                                     
Variance mainly due to:
                                   
Accounts payable and other
      1,657       1,477       49       131  
Increase primarily due to higher income and other taxes payable of $112 million.
                                   
Other liabilities and deferred credits
    704       815       37       (148 )
Decrease primarily due to lower stock-based compensation liabilities of $149 million as a result of the modification of certain stock-based compensation awards from cash settled to equity settled.
                                   
Pension and other postretirement benefits
    650       541       14       95  
Increase due primarily to the decrease in the year-end discount rate from 4.73% in 2013 to 3.87% in 2014.
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
           
Variance
 
Explanation of variance
Total shareholders’ equity
  $ 13,470     $ 12,953             $ 517    
                                     
Variance mainly due to:
                                   
Common shares
      3,718       3,795               (77 )
Decrease due to share repurchases.
                                     
Additional paid-in capital
      439       220               219  
Increase primarily due to the modification of certain stock-based compensation awards from cash settled to equity settled.
                                   
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (2,427 )     (1,850 )             (577 )
Increase in comprehensive loss due to after-tax amounts
of $728 million to recognize the funded status of the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit
plans, offset by $151 million for foreign exchange gains and other.
                                   
Retained earnings
    11,740       10,788               952  
Increase due to current year net income of $3,167 million, partly offset by share repurchases of $1,397 million and dividends paid of $818 million.


Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
29
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Liquidity and capital resources

The Company’s principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations, which is supplemented by borrowings in the money markets and capital markets. To meet its short-term liquidity needs, the Company has access to various financing sources, including a committed revolving credit facility, a commercial paper program, and an accounts receivable securitization program. In addition to these sources, the Company can issue debt securities to meet its longer-term liquidity needs. The Company’s access to long-term funds in the debt capital markets depends on its credit rating and market conditions. The Company believes that it continues to have access to the long-term debt capital markets. If the Company were unable to borrow funds at acceptable rates in the long-term debt capital markets, the Company could borrow under its revolving credit facility, draw down on its accounts receivable securitization program, raise cash by disposing of surplus properties or otherwise monetizing assets, reduce discretionary spending or take a combination of these measures to assure that it has adequate funding for its business. The strong focus on cash generation from all sources gives the Company increased flexibility in terms of meeting its financing requirements.

The Company’s primary uses of funds are for working capital requirements, including income tax installments, pension contributions, and contractual obligations; capital expenditures relating to track infrastructure and other; acquisitions; dividend payouts; and the repurchase of shares through share buyback programs. The Company sets priorities on its uses of available funds based on short-term operational requirements, expenditures to continue to operate a safe railway and pursue strategic initiatives, while also considering its long-term contractual obligations and returning value to its shareholders; and as part of its financing strategy, the Company regularly reviews its optimal capital structure, cost of capital, and the need for additional debt financing.

The Company has at times had working capital deficits which are considered common in the rail industry because it is capital-intensive, and such deficits are not an indication of a lack of liquidity. The Company maintains adequate resources to meet daily cash requirements, and has sufficient financial capacity to manage its day-to-day cash requirements and current obligations. As at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had Cash and cash equivalents of $52 million and $214 million, respectively; Restricted cash and cash equivalents of $463 million and $448 million, respectively; and a working capital deficit of $135 million and $521 million, respectively. The cash and cash equivalents pledged as collateral for a minimum term of one month pursuant to the Company’s bilateral letter of credit facilities are recorded as Restricted cash and cash equivalents. There are currently no specific requirements relating to working capital other than in the normal course of business as discussed herein.

The Company’s U.S. and other foreign subsidiaries hold cash to meet their respective operational requirements. The Company can decide to repatriate funds associated with either undistributed earnings or the liquidation of its foreign operations, including its U.S. and other foreign subsidiaries. Such repatriation of funds would not cause significant tax implications to the Company under the tax treaties currently in effect between Canada and the U.S. and other foreign tax jurisdictions. Therefore, the impact on liquidity resulting from the repatriation of funds held outside Canada would not be significant as the Company expects to continuously invest in these foreign jurisdictions.

The Company is not aware of any trends or expected fluctuations in its liquidity that would impact its ongoing operations or financial condition.

Available financing sources

Revolving credit facility

The Company’s revolving credit facility agreement, which expires on May 5, 2019, provides access to $800 million of debt, with an accordion feature providing for an additional $500 million subject to the consent of individual lenders. The credit facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including backstopping the Company’s commercial paper program.

As at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit facility and there were no draws during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

Commercial paper

The Company’s commercial paper program, which is fully supported by its revolving credit facility, enables it to issue commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $800 million, or the US dollar equivalent. The program provides a flexible financing alternative for the Company, and is refinanced at market rates in effect. Access to commercial paper is dependent on market conditions. If the Company were to lose access to its commercial paper program for an extended period of time, the Company could rely on its $800 million revolving credit facility to meet its short-term liquidity needs.

As at December 31, 2014, the Company had no commercial paper borrowings ($273 million as at December 31, 2013) presented in Current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Accounts receivable securitization program

The Company has an agreement to sell an undivided co-ownership interest in a revolving pool of accounts receivable to unrelated trusts for maximum cash proceeds of $450 million, which expires on February 1, 2017. The trusts are multi-seller trusts and the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Funding for the acquisition of these assets is customarily through the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper notes by the unrelated trusts.
 
 
30
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


The Company has retained the responsibility for servicing, administering and collecting the receivables sold. The average servicing period is approximately one month. Subject to customary indemnifications, each trust’s recourse is limited to the accounts receivable transferred.

The Company is subject to customary credit rating requirements, which if not met, could result in termination of the program. The Company is also subject to customary reporting requirements for which failure to perform could also result in termination of the program. The Company monitors the reporting requirements and is currently not aware of any trends, events or conditions that could cause such termination.

The accounts receivable securitization program provides the Company with readily available short-term financing for general corporate use. In the event the program is terminated before its scheduled maturity, the Company expects to meet its future payment obligations through its various sources of financing including its revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, and/or access to capital markets.

As at December 31, 2014, the Company recorded $50 million ($250 million as at December 31, 2013) of proceeds received under the accounts receivable securitization program in the Current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, which is secured by and limited to $56 million ($281 million as at December 31, 2013) of accounts receivable.

Bilateral letter of credit facilities

The Company has a series of bilateral letter of credit facility agreements with various banks to support its requirements to post letters of credit in the ordinary course of business, which expire on April 28, 2017. Under these agreements, the Company has the option from time to time to pledge collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, for a minimum term of one month, equal to at least the face value of the letters of credit issued.

As at December 31, 2014, the Company had letters of credit drawn of $487 million ($481 million as at December 31, 2013) from a total committed amount of $511 million ($503 million as at December 31, 2013) by the various banks. As at December 31, 2014, cash and cash equivalents of $463 million ($448 million as at December 31, 2013) were pledged as collateral, and recorded as Restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Additional information relating to these financing sources is provided in Note 10 – Long-term debt to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Shelf prospectus and registration statement

During 2014, the Company issued C$250 million and US$600 million in new debt under its current shelf prospectus and registration statement which provides for the issuance by CN of up to $3.0 billion of debt securities in the Canadian and U.S. capital markets. The shelf prospectus and registration statement expires in January 2016. Access to capital markets under the shelf prospectus and registration statement is dependent on market conditions at the time of pricing.


Cash flows

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s cash flows provided by/used in operating, investing and financing activities:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
Variance
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 4,381     $ 3,548     $ 833  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (2,176 )     (1,852 )     (324 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (2,370 )     (1,656 )     (714 )
Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations
                       
on US dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents
    3       19       (16 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (162 )     59       (221 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
    214       155       59  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
  $ 52     $ 214     $ (162 )

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $833 million in 2014, mainly due to higher revenues and lower payments for income taxes and pensions. These factors were partly offset by higher payments for labor and fringe benefits, increased fuel costs, as well as higher payments for purchased services and material.

(a) Pension contributions

Company contributions to its various defined benefit pension plans are made in accordance with the applicable legislation in Canada and the U.S. and such contributions follow minimum and maximum thresholds as determined by actuarial valuations. Pension contributions made in 2014 and 2013 of $111 million and $226 million, respectively, mainly represent contributions to the Company’s main pension plan, the CN Pension Plan, for the current service cost as determined under the Company’s current actuarial valuations for funding purposes, and also include voluntary contributions of $100 million in 2013. In 2015, the Company expects to make total cash contributions of approximately $125 million for all of the Company’s pension plans. See the section of this MD&A entitled Critical accounting estimates – Pensions and other postretirement benefits for additional information relating to the funding of the Company’s pension plans.


Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
31
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
As at December 31, 2014, the Company had $143 million of accumulated prepayments under the CN Pension Plan which remain available to offset future required solvency deficit payments. The Company expects to use these prepayments to satisfy a portion of its 2015 required solvency deficit payment. The Company established an irrevocable standby letter of credit in 2014 with a face amount of approximately $3 million in order to satisfy the solvency deficit payment for the BC Rail Pension Plan. The Company expects to further subscribe to letters of credit in 2015 to satisfy the solvency deficit payments for certain of its defined benefit pension plans including the CN Pension Plan. Under the CN Pension Plan, considering the prepayments available, it is expected that the letters of credit will only be required in the third quarter of 2015. The total face amount of the letters of credit is expected to be approximately $90 million at the end of 2015.

Additional information relating to the pension plans is provided in Note 12 – Pensions and other postretirement benefits to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

(b) Income tax payments

The Company is required to make scheduled installment payments as prescribed by the tax authorities. In Canada, the Company’s domestic jurisdiction, tax installments in a given year are generally based on the prior year’s taxable income whereas in the U.S., the Company’s predominant foreign jurisdiction, they are based on forecasted taxable income of the current year.

In 2014, net income tax payments to Canadian tax authorities were $427 million ($610 million in 2013) and net income tax payments to U.S. tax authorities were $295 million ($280 million in 2013). The overall decrease of $168 million was mainly due to a lower final payment for the 2013 fiscal year, made in February 2014. For the 2015 fiscal year, the Company’s net income tax payments are expected to be approximately $950 million. In 2015, U.S. tax payments will reflect the Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 which extended the allowable 50% accelerated depreciation and the Railroad Track Maintenance Credit until the end of 2014.

The Company expects cash from operations and its other sources of financing to be sufficient to meet its funding obligations.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased by $324 million in 2014, as a result of higher property additions, partly offset by higher proceeds received from the disposal of property.
 
(a) Property additions

The following table provides the property additions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Track and roadway (1)
    $ 1,604     $ 1,400  
Rolling stock
      325       286  
Buildings
      104       104  
Information technology
      144       130  
Other
      120       97  
Gross property additions
      2,297       2,017  
Less: Capital leases (2)
      -       44  
Property additions
    $ 2,297     $ 1,973  

(1)
In both 2014 and 2013, approximately 90% of the Track and roadway property additions were incurred to renew the basic infrastructure. Costs relating to normal repairs and maintenance of Track and roadway properties are expensed as incurred, and amounted to approximately 12% of the Company’s total operating expenses in both 2014 and 2013.
(2)
During 2013, the Company recorded $44 million in assets it acquired through equipment leases for which an equivalent amount was recorded in debt.

 
(b) Capital expenditure program

For 2015, the Company expects to invest approximately $2.6 billion in its capital program, which will be financed with cash generated from operations, as outlined below:
 
$1.3 billion on track infrastructure to continue operating a safe railway and improve the productivity and fluidity of the network; including the replacement of rail, ties, and other track materials, bridge improvements, as well as various branch line upgrades;

$500 million on equipment capital expenditures, allowing the Company to tap growth opportunities and improve the quality of the fleet; and in order to handle expected traffic increase and improve operational efficiency, CN expects to take delivery of 90 new high-horsepower locomotives; and

$800 million on initiatives to enable growth and drive productivity, such as additional track infrastructure; investments in yards, intermodal terminals, transload and distribution centers; and on information technology to improve service and operating efficiency.
 
Costs associated with the U.S. federal government legislative requirement to implement positive train control (PTC) by December 31, 2015 will amount to approximately US$550 million, of which approximately US$100 million was spent at the end of 2014.

(c) Disposal of property

In 2014, cash inflows included proceeds of $76 million before transaction costs, from a transaction with Metrolinx to sell a segment of the Guelph subdivision located between Georgetown and Kitchener, Ontario, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements and proceeds of $97 million from the
 
 
32
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
disposal of the Deux-Montagnes. In 2013, cash inflows included proceeds of $52 million from the disposal of the Lakeshore West. See the section of this MD&A entitled Adjusted performance measures for additional information relating to these disposals.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased by $714 million in 2014, mainly driven by a net repayment of commercial paper and higher payments for share repurchases and dividends. Information about the Company’s debt financing activities, share repurchase programs, and dividends paid is as follows:

(a) Debt financing activities

Debt financing activities in 2014 included the following transactions:
 
 
On January 15, 2014, repaid US$325 million 4.95% Notes due 2014 upon maturity;

 
On February 18, 2014, issued $250 million 2.75% Notes due 2021, in the Canadian capital markets, which resulted in net proceeds of $247 million;

 
On November 14, 2014, issued US$250 million (C$284 million) Floating Rate Notes due 2017, and US$350 million (C$398 million) 2.95% Notes due 2024, in the U.S. capital markets, which resulted in net proceeds of US$593 million (C$675 million); and

 
Net repayment of commercial paper of $277 million.

Debt financing activities in 2013 included the following transactions:
 
 
On March 12, 2013, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, repurchased 85% of the 4.40% Notes due 2013, with a carrying value of US$340 million pursuant to a tender offer for a total cost of US$341 million, including consent payments. The remaining 15% of the 4.40% Notes with a carrying value of US$60 million were repaid upon maturity;

 
On November 7, 2013, issued US$350 million (C$365 million) Floating Rate Notes due 2015, and US$250 million (C$260 million) 4.50% Notes due 2043, in the U.S. capital markets, which resulted in net proceeds of US$592 million (C$617 million); and

 
Net issuance of commercial paper of $268 million.

Cash obtained from the issuance of new debt in 2014 and 2013 was used for general corporate purposes, including the redemption and refinancing of outstanding indebtedness and share repurchases. Additional information relating to the Company’s outstanding debt securities is provided in Note 10 – Long-term debt to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

(b) Share repurchase programs

The Company may repurchase shares pursuant to a normal course issuer bid (NCIB) at prevailing market prices plus brokerage fees, or such other prices as may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange. Under its current NCIB, the Company may repurchase up to 28.0 million common shares between October 24, 2014 and October 23, 2015.

Previous share repurchase programs allowed for the repurchase of up to 30.0 million common shares between October 29, 2013 and October 23, 2014 and up to $1.4 billion in common shares, not to exceed 36.0 million common shares, between October 29, 2012 and October 28, 2013, pursuant to the NCIBs.

The following table provides the information related to the share repurchase programs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
 
In millions, except per share data
                   
Total
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
   
program
 
October 2014 – October 2015 program
                       
Number of common shares (1)
    5.6       N/A       N/A       5.6  
Weighted-average price per share (2)
  $ 73.29       N/A       N/A     $ 73.29  
Amount of repurchase
  $ 410       N/A       N/A     $ 410  
October 2013 – October 2014 program
                         
Number of common shares (1)
    16.8       5.5       N/A       22.3  
Weighted-average price per share (2)
  $ 65.40     $ 55.25       N/A     $ 62.88  
Amount of repurchase
  $ 1,095     $ 305       N/A     $ 1,400  
October 2012 – October 2013 program
                         
Number of common shares (1)
    N/A       22.1       7.2       29.3  
Weighted-average price per share (2)
    N/A     $ 49.51     $ 42.11     $ 47.68  
Amount of repurchase
    N/A     $ 1,095     $ 305     $ 1,400  
Total for the year
                               
                                 
Number of common shares (1)
    22.4       27.6       33.8  (3)        
Weighted-average price per share (2)
  $ 67.38     $ 50.65     $ 41.36          
Amount of repurchase
  $ 1,505     $ 1,400     $ 1,400  (3)        

(1)
Includes common shares purchased in the first and fourth quarters of 2014, 2013 and 2012 pursuant to private agreements between the Company and arm’s-length third-party sellers.
(2)
Includes brokerage fees.
(3)
Includes repurchases from the October 2011 – October 2012 program, which consists of 26.6 million common shares, a weighted-average price per share of $41.16 and an amount of repurchase of $1,095 million.

(c) Dividends paid

During 2014, the Company paid quarterly dividends of $0.2500 per share amounting to $818 million, compared to $724 million, at the rate of $0.2150 per share, in 2013. For 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an increase of 25% to the quarterly dividend to common shareholders, from $0.2500 per share in 2014 to $0.3125 per share in 2015.

 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
33
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
Contractual obligations

In the normal course of business, the Company incurs contractual obligations. The following table sets forth the Company’s contractual obligations for the following items as at December 31, 2014:

                                       
2020 &
 
In millions
 
Total
   
2015
   
2016
   
2017
   
2018
   
2019
   
thereafter
 
Debt obligations (1)
  $ 7,739     $ 456     $ 634     $ 577     $ 606     $ 636     $ 4,830  
Interest on debt obligations (2)
    5,571       366       355       342       313       270       3,925  
Capital lease obligations (3)
    815       107       343       164       15       15       171  
Operating lease obligations (4)
    712       155       116       94       77       56       214  
Purchase obligations (5)
    1,054       719       316       14       3       -       2  
Pension contributions (6)
    1,005       87       228       230       230       230       -  
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet (7)
    755       64       39       54       40       37       521  
Total contractual obligations
  $ 17,651     $ 1,954     $ 2,031     $ 1,475     $ 1,284     $ 1,244     $ 9,663  

(1)
Presented net of unamortized discounts, of which $833 million relates to non-interest bearing Notes due in 2094, and excludes capital lease obligations of $670 million which are included in “Capital lease obligations“. Also includes $50 million outstanding under the accounts receivable securitization program.
(2)
Interest payments on the floating rate notes are calculated based on the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate effective as at December 31, 2014.
(3)
Includes $670 million of minimum lease payments and $145 million of imputed interest at rates ranging from 0.7% to 8.5%.
(4)
Includes minimum rental payments for operating leases having initial non-cancelable lease terms of one year or more. The Company also has operating lease agreements for its automotive fleet with one-year non-cancelable terms for which its practice is to renew monthly thereafter. The estimated annual rental payments for such leases are approximately $25 million and generally extend over five years.
(5)
Includes commitments for railroad ties, rail, freight cars, locomotives and other equipment and services, and outstanding information technology service contracts and licenses.
(6)
The Company’s pension contributions are based on actuarial funding valuations. The estimated minimum required payments for pension contributions, excluding current service cost, are based on actuarial funding valuations as at December 31, 2013 that were filed in June 2014. Voluntary contributions can be treated as a prepayment against the Company’s required special solvency deficit payments. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had $143 million of accumulated prepayments under the CN Pension Plan which remain available to offset future required solvency deficit payments. The Company expects to use these prepayments to satisfy a portion of its 2015 required solvency deficit payment. Actuarial valuations are generally required annually and as such, future payments for pension contributions are subject to re-evaluation on an annual basis. See the sections of this MD&A entitled Business risks – Pension funding volatility and Critical accounting estimates – Pensions and other postretirement benefits.
(7)
Includes expected payments for workers’ compensation, workforce reductions, postretirement benefits other than pensions, net unrecognized tax benefits and environmental liabilities that have been classified as contractual settlement agreements.

For 2015 and the foreseeable future, the Company expects cash flow from operations and from its various sources of financing to be sufficient to meet its debt repayments and future obligations, and to fund anticipated capital expenditures.

Free cash flow

Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company believes that free cash flow is a useful measure of performance as it demonstrates the Company’s ability to generate cash for debt obligations and for discretionary uses such as payment of dividends and strategic opportunities.

The Company defines its free cash flow measure as the difference between net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities; adjusted for changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents and the impact of major acquisitions, if any.

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 4,381     $ 3,548  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (2,176 )     (1,852 )
Net cash provided before financing activities
    2,205       1,696  
                 
Adjustment: Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents
    15       (73 )
Free cash flow
    $ 2,220     $ 1,623  
 
 
34
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


Credit measures

Management believes that the adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio is a useful credit measure that aims to show the true leverage of the Company. Similarly, the adjusted debt-to-adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) multiple is another useful credit measure because it reflects the Company’s ability to service its debt. The Company excludes Other income in the calculation of EBITDA. However, since these measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP, they may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies and, as such, should not be considered in isolation.

Adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio
           
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Debt-to-total capitalization ratio (1)
    38.4%       37.7%  
Add: Impact of present value of operating lease commitments (2)
    1.7%       1.7%  
Adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio
    40.1%       39.4%  
                 
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA
               
                 
In millions, unless otherwise indicated
               
Twelve months ended December 31,
    2014       2013  
Debt
  $ 8,409     $ 7,840  
Add: Present value of operating lease commitments (2)
    607       570  
Adjusted debt
    9,016       8,410  
Operating income
    4,624       3,873  
Add: Depreciation and amortization
    1,050       980  
EBITDA (excluding Other income)
    5,674       4,853  
Add: Deemed interest on operating leases
    28       28  
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 5,702     $ 4,881  
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA
1.58 times
   
1.72 times
 

(1)
Debt-to-total capitalization is calculated as total long-term debt plus current portion of long-term debt, divided by the sum of total debt plus total shareholders’ equity.
(2)
The operating lease commitments have been discounted using the Company’s implicit interest rate for each of the periods presented.

The increase in the Company’s adjusted debt-to-total capitalization ratio at December 31, 2014, as compared to 2013, was mainly due to an increased debt level and a weaker Canadian-to-US dollar foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The Company’s higher operating income earned during 2014, partly offset by an increased debt level as at December 31, 2014, resulted in a decrease in the Company’s adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple, as compared to 2013.

All forward-looking information provided in this section is subject to risks and uncertainties and is based on assumptions about events and developments that may not materialize or that may be offset entirely or partially by other events and developments. See the section of this MD&A entitled Forward-looking statements for a discussion of assumptions and risk factors affecting such forward-looking statements.
 

Off balance sheet arrangements

Guarantees and indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, enters into agreements that may involve providing guarantees or indemnifications to third parties and others, which may extend beyond the term of the agreements. These include, but are not limited to, residual value guarantees on operating leases, standby letters of credit, surety and other bonds, and indemnifications that are customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had not recorded a liability with respect to guarantees and indemnifications. The nature of these guarantees or indemnifications, the maximum potential amount of future payments, the carrying amount of the liability, if any, and the nature of any recourse provisions are disclosed in Note 16 – Major commitments and contingencies to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Financial instruments

Risk management

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to various financial risks from its use of financial instruments, such as credit risk, liquidity risk, and also market risks such as foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk. To manage these risks, the Company follows a financial risk management framework, which is monitored and approved by the Company’s Finance Committee, with a goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, optimizing earnings per share and free cash flow, financing its operations at an optimal cost of capital and preserving its liquidity.

The Company has limited involvement with derivative financial instruments in the management of its risks and does not hold or use them for trading or speculative purposes. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts of US$350 million (US$325 million as at December 31, 2013). As at December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any other significant derivative financial instruments outstanding. Additional information relating to the Company’s financial instruments is provided in Note 17 – Financial instruments to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Credit risk

Credit risk arises from cash and temporary investments, accounts receivable and derivative financial instruments.

To manage credit risk associated with cash and temporary investments, the Company places these financial assets with governments, major financial institutions, or other creditworthy counterparties; and performs ongoing reviews of these entities.

To manage credit risk associated with accounts receivable, the Company reviews the credit history of each new customer, monitors the financial condition and credit limits of its customers, and keeps the average daily sales outstanding within an acceptable range. The Company works with customers to ensure timely payments, and in certain cases, requires financial security,
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
35
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
including letters of credit. Although the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of customer credit risk, economic conditions can affect the Company’s customers and can result in an increase to the Company’s credit risk and exposure to business failures of its customers. A widespread deterioration of customer credit and business failures of customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity. The Company considers the risk due to the possible non-performance by its customers to be remote.

The Company has limited involvement with derivative financial instruments, however from time to time, it may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates. To manage the counterparty risk associated with the use of derivative financial instruments, the Company enters into contracts with major financial institutions that have been accorded investment grade ratings. Though the Company is exposed to potential credit losses due to non-performance of these counterparties, the Company considers this risk remote.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that sufficient funds will not be available to satisfy financial obligations as they come due. In addition to cash generated from operations, which represents its principal source of liquidity, the Company manages liquidity risk by aligning other external sources of funds which can be obtained upon short notice, such as a committed revolving credit facility, commercial paper, and an accounts receivable securitization program. The Company believes that its investment grade credit ratings contribute to reasonable access to capital markets. See the section of this MD&A entitled Liquidity and capital resources for additional information relating to the Company’s available financing sources.
 
Foreign currency risk

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk because it conducts its business in both Canada and the U.S. The estimated annual impact on net income of a year-over-year one-cent change in the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar is in the range of $15 million to $20 million.

The Company manages foreign currency risk by designating US dollar-denominated long-term debt of the parent company as a foreign currency hedge of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries. As a result, from the dates of designation, foreign exchange gains and losses on translation of the Company’s US dollar-denominated long-term debt are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, which minimizes volatility of earnings resulting from the conversion of US dollar-denominated long-term debt into the Canadian dollar.

While the Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, it may enter into foreign exchange contracts to manage foreign currency risk. Changes in the fair value of forward contracts, resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates, are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income as they occur. For the year ended December 31, 2014, a gain of $9 million ($6 million in 2013), before tax, related to the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts with a notional value of US$350 million (US$325 million as at December 31, 2013), was recorded in Other income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Interest rate risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. Such risk exists in relation to the Company’s long-term debt. The Company mainly issues fixed-rate debt, which exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of the debt. The Company also issues debt with variable interest rates, which exposes the Company to variability in interest expense. The estimated annual impact on net income of a year-over-year one-percent change in the interest rate on floating rate debt, is in the range of $10 million to $15 million.

To manage interest rate risk, the Company manages its borrowings in line with liquidity needs, maturity schedule, and currency and interest rate profile; and in anticipation of future debt issuances, the Company may enter into forward rate agreements. The Company does not currently hold any significant derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate risk. As at December 31, 2014, Accumulated other comprehensive loss included an unamortized gain of $7 million, $5 million after-tax ($8 million, $6 million after-tax as at December 31, 2013) relating to treasury lock transactions settled in a prior year, which is being amortized over the term of the related debt.

Commodity price risk

The Company is exposed to commodity price risk related to purchases of fuel and the potential reduction in net income due to increases in the price of diesel. Fuel prices are impacted by geopolitical events, changes in the economy or supply disruptions. Fuel shortages can occur due to refinery disruptions, production quota restrictions, climate, and labor and political instability.

The Company manages fuel price risk by offsetting the impact of rising fuel prices with the Company’s fuel surcharge program. The surcharge applied to customers is determined in the second calendar month prior to the month in which it is applied, and is calculated using the average monthly price of West-Texas Intermediate crude oil (WTI) for revenue-based tariffs and On-Highway Diesel (OHD) for mileage-based tariffs. The Company also enters into agreements with fuel suppliers which allow but do not require the Company to purchase approximately 95% of its estimated 2015 volume, 85% of its anticipated 2016 volume and 20% of its anticipated 2017 volume at market prices prevailing on the date of the purchase.

 
36
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


While the Company’s fuel surcharge program provides effective coverage, residual exposure remains given that fuel price risk cannot be completely managed due to timing and given the volatility in the market. As such, the Company may enter into derivative instruments to manage such risk when considered appropriate.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which the carrying amounts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under the following captions:

Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, Other current assets, Accounts payable and other

The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments purchased three months or less from maturity and are classified as Level 1. Accounts receivable, Other current assets, and Accounts payable and other are classified as Level 2 as they may not be priced using quoted prices, but rather determined from market observable information.

Intangible and other assets

Included in Intangible and other assets are equity investments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value, with the exception of certain cost investments for which the fair value is estimated based on the Company’s proportionate share of the underlying net assets. Investments are classified as Level 3 as their fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs.

Debt

The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments, as well as discounted cash flows using current interest rates for debt with similar terms, company rating, and remaining maturity. The Company’s debt is classified as Level 2.

As at December 31, 2014, investments have a carrying value of $58 million and a fair value of approximately $183 million (carrying value of $57 million and fair value of $164 million as at December 31, 2013).

As at December 31, 2014, the long-term debt has a carrying value of $8,409 million and a fair value of approximately $9,767 million (carrying value of $7,840 million and fair value of $8,683 million as at December 31, 2013).

Additional information related to the fair value financial instruments, including a description of the fair value hierarchy which defines the criteria used to classify financial instruments as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 is provided in Note 17 – Financial instruments to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Outstanding share data

As at February 2, 2015, the Company had 808.8 million common shares outstanding, and 8.2 million stock options, 1.7 million deferred share units and 1.4 million performance share units outstanding under its equity settled stock-based compensation plans.

Critical accounting estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s policies for income taxes, depreciation, pensions and other postretirement benefits, personal injury and other claims and environmental matters, require management’s more significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and, as such, are considered to be critical. The following information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

Management discusses the development and selection of the Company’s critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the Company’s related disclosures.

Income taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, the change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in the computation of Net income or Other comprehensive income (loss). Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. As a result, a projection of taxable income is required for those years, as well as an assumption of the ultimate recovery/settlement period for temporary differences. The projection of future taxable income is based on management’s best estimate and may vary from actual taxable income.

On an annual basis, the Company assesses the need to establish a valuation allowance for its deferred income tax assets, and if it is deemed more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, the available carryback and carryforward periods, and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. As at December 31, 2014, in order to fully realize all of the deferred income tax assets, the Company will need to
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
37
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


generate future taxable income of approximately $1.7 billion and, based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. Management has assessed the impacts of the current economic environment and concluded there are no significant impacts to its assertions for the realization of deferred income tax assets.

In addition, Canadian, or domestic, tax rules and regulations, as well as those relating to foreign jurisdictions, are subject to interpretation and require judgment by the Company that may be challenged by the taxation authorities upon audit of the filed income tax returns. Tax benefits are recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxation authorities. As at December 31, 2014, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $35 million before considering tax treaties and other arrangements between taxation authorities. The amount of net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 was $29 million. If recognized, all of the net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 would affect the effective tax rate. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that approximately $10 million of the net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 related to various federal, state, and provincial income tax matters, each of which are individually insignificant, may be recognized over the next twelve months as a result of settlements and a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

In Canada, the Company’s federal and provincial income tax returns filed for the years 2008 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. An examination of the Company’s federal income tax returns for the years 2010 and 2011 is currently in progress and is expected to be completed during 2015. In the U.S., the federal income tax returns filed for the years 2007 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities, and the state income tax returns filed for the years 2009 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. An examination of the federal income tax returns for the years 2007 to 2011 is currently in progress. Examinations of certain state income tax returns by the state taxation authorities are currently in progress. The Company does not anticipate any significant impacts to its results of operations or financial position as a result of the final resolutions of such matters.

The Company’s deferred income tax assets are mainly composed of temporary differences related to the pension liability, accruals for personal injury claims and other reserves, other postretirement benefits liability, and net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The majority of these accruals will be paid out over the next five years. The Company’s deferred income tax liabilities are mainly composed of temporary differences related to properties. The reversal of temporary differences is expected at future-enacted income tax rates which could change due to fiscal budget changes and/or changes in income tax laws. As a result, a change in the timing and/or the income tax rate at which the components will reverse, could materially affect deferred income tax expense as recorded in the Company’s results of operations. A one-percentage-point change in the Company’s reported effective income tax rate would have the effect of changing the income tax expense by $44 million in 2014.

From time to time, the federal, provincial, and state governments enact new corporate income tax rates resulting in either lower or higher tax liabilities. Included in the 2013 figure was a $24 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates in Canada.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $1,193 million, of which $416 million was a deferred income tax expense which included an income tax recovery of $18 million resulting from a change in the estimate of the deferred income tax liability related to properties. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $977 million, of which $331 million was a deferred income tax expense and included a net income tax recovery of $7 million which consisted of a $15 million income tax recovery from the recognition of U.S. state income tax losses and a $16 million income tax recovery from a revision of the apportionment of U.S. state income taxes, which were partly offset by a combined $24 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $978 million, of which $451 million was a deferred income tax expense and included a net income tax expense of $28 million, which consisted of a $35 million income tax expense resulting from the enactment of higher provincial corporate income tax rates that was partly offset by a $7 million income tax recovery resulting from the recapitalization of a foreign investment. The Company’s net deferred income tax liability as at December 31, 2014 was $6,834 million ($6,463 million as at December 31, 2013). Additional disclosures are provided in Note 4 – Income taxes to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Depreciation

Properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation including asset impairment write-downs. The cost of properties, including those under capital leases, net of asset impairment write-downs, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated service lives, measured in years, except for rail which is measured in millions of gross ton miles. The Company follows the group method of depreciation whereby a single composite depreciation rate is applied to the gross investment in a class of similar assets, despite small differences in the service life or salvage value of individual property units within the same asset class. The Company uses approximately 40 different depreciable asset classes.

 
38
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
For all depreciable assets, the depreciation rate is based on the estimated service lives of the assets. Assessing the reasonableness of the estimated service lives of properties requires judgment and is based on currently available information, including periodic depreciation studies conducted by the Company. The Company’s U.S. properties are subject to comprehensive depreciation studies as required by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and are conducted by external experts. Depreciation studies for Canadian properties are not required by regulation and are conducted internally. Studies are performed on specific asset groups on a periodic basis. Changes in the estimated service lives of the assets and their related composite depreciation rates are implemented prospectively.

The studies consider, among other factors, the analysis of historical retirement data using recognized life analysis techniques, and the forecasting of asset life characteristics. Changes in circumstances, such as technological advances, changes to the Company’s business strategy, changes in the Company’s capital strategy or changes in regulations can result in the actual service lives differing from the Company’s estimates.

A change in the remaining service life of a group of assets, or their estimated net salvage value, will affect the depreciation rate used to amortize the group of assets and thus affect depreciation expense as reported in the Company’s results of operations. A change of one year in the composite service life of the Company’s fixed asset base would impact annual depreciation expense by approximately $28 million.

Depreciation studies are a means of ensuring that the assumptions used to estimate the service lives of particular asset groups are still valid and where they are not, they serve as the basis to establish the new depreciation rates to be used on a prospective basis. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed depreciation studies for equipment properties and as a result, the Company changed the estimated service lives for various types of equipment assets and their related composite depreciation rates. These depreciation studies resulted in an annualized increase to depreciation expense of approximately $17 million.

In 2014, the Company recorded total depreciation expense of $1,050 million ($979 million in 2013 and $923 million in 2012). As at December 31, 2014, the Company had Properties of $28,514 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,195 million ($26,227 million as at December 31, 2013, net of accumulated depreciation of $10,579 million). Additional disclosures are provided in Note 7 – Properties, to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

U.S. GAAP requires the use of historical cost as the basis of reporting in financial statements. As a result, the cumulative effect of inflation, which has significantly increased asset replacement costs for capital-intensive companies such as CN, is not reflected in operating expenses. Depreciation charges on an inflation-adjusted basis, assuming that all operating assets are replaced at current price levels, would be substantially greater than historically reported amounts.
 
Pensions and other postretirement benefits

The Company’s plans have a measurement date of December 31. The following table provides the Company’s pension asset, pension liability and other postretirement benefits liability as at December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013:

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Pension asset
    $ 882     $ 1,662  
Pension liability
      400       303  
Other postretirement benefits liability
      267       256  

The descriptions in the following paragraphs pertaining to pensions relate generally to the Company’s main pension plan, the CN Pension Plan, unless otherwise specified.

Calculation of net periodic benefit cost (income)

The Company accounts for net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other postretirement benefits as required by FASB ASC 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits. Under the standard, assumptions are made regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and performance of plan assets. In the calculation of net periodic benefit cost, the standard allows for a gradual recognition of changes in benefit obligations and fund performance over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans.

In accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits, assumptions are required for, among other things, the discount rate, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the rate of compensation increase, health care cost trend rates, mortality rates, employee early retirements, terminations and disability. Changes in these assumptions result in actuarial gains or losses, which are recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). The Company amortizes these gains or losses into net periodic benefit cost over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans only to the extent that the unrecognized net actuarial gains and losses are in excess of the corridor threshold, which is calculated as 10% of the greater of the beginning-of-year balances of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets. The Company’s net periodic benefit cost for future periods is dependent on demographic experience, economic conditions and investment performance. Recent demographic experience has revealed no material net gains or losses on termination, retirement, disability and mortality. Experience with respect to economic conditions and investment performance is further discussed herein.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
39
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the consolidated net periodic benefit cost (income) for pensions and other postretirement benefits were as follows:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Net periodic benefit cost (income) for pensions
    $ (4 )   $ 90     $ (9 )
Net periodic benefit cost for other postretirement benefits
    12       14       14  

As at December 31, 2014 and 2013, the projected pension benefit obligation and accumulated other postretirement benefit obligation were as follows:

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Projected pension benefit obligation
    $ 17,279     $ 15,510  
Accumulated other postretirement benefit obligation
    267       256  

Discount rate assumption

The Company’s discount rate assumption, which is set annually at the end of each year, is used to determine the projected benefit obligation at the end of the year and the net periodic benefit cost for the following year. The discount rate is used to measure the single amount that, if invested at the measurement date in a portfolio of high-quality debt instruments with a rating of AA or better, would provide the necessary cash flows to pay for pension benefits as they become due. The discount rate is determined by management with the aid of third-party actuaries. For the Canadian pension and other postretirement benefit plans, future expected benefit payments at each measurement date are discounted using spot rates from a derived AA corporate bond yield curve. The derived curve is based on observed rates for AA corporate bonds with short-term maturities and a projected AA corporate curve for longer-term maturities based on spreads between observed AA corporate bonds and AA provincial bonds. The derived curve is expected to generate cash flows that match the estimated future benefit payments of the plans as the bond rate for each maturity year is applied to the plans’ corresponding expected benefit payments of that year. A discount rate of 3.87%, based on bond yields prevailing at December 31, 2014 (4.73% at December 31, 2013) was considered appropriate by the Company to match the approximately 11-year average duration of estimated future benefit payments. The current estimate for the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans is approximately 11 years.

The Company amortizes net actuarial gains and losses over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans, only to the extent they are in excess of the corridor threshold. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company amortized $124 million related to the accumulated actuarial losses of its pension plans as part of net periodic benefit cost. The Company also recognized $3 million of actuarial losses related to settlements in its various pension plans, and recorded a net actuarial loss of $1,114 million on its pension plans, increasing the net actuarial loss recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss to $2,502 million ($1,515 million in 2013). The increase in the net actuarial loss was primarily due to the negative liability experience resulting from the decrease in the discount rate from 4.73% to 3.87%, partly offset by the difference in the actual and expected return on plan assets for the year ended December 31, 2014.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, a 0.25% decrease in the 3.87% discount rate used to determine the projected benefit obligation would have resulted in a decrease of approximately $490 million to the funded status for pensions and would result in an increase of approximately $30 million to the 2015 net periodic benefit cost. A 0.25% increase in the discount rate would have resulted in an increase of approximately $475 million to the funded status for pensions and would result in a decrease of approximately $30 million to the 2015 net periodic benefit cost.

Expected long-term rate of return assumption

To develop its expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of assets, the Company considers multiple factors. The expected long-term rate of return is determined based on expected future performance for each asset class and is weighted based on the current asset portfolio mix. Consideration is taken of the historical performance, the premium return generated from an actively managed portfolio, as well as current and future anticipated asset allocations, economic developments, inflation rates and administrative expenses. Based on these factors, the rate is determined by the Company. For 2014, the Company used a long-term rate of return assumption of 7.00% on the market-related value of plan assets to compute net periodic benefit cost. For 2015, the Company will maintain the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets at 7.00% to reflect management’s current view of long-term investment returns. The Company has elected to use a market-related value of assets, whereby realized and unrealized gains/losses and appreciation/depreciation in the value of the investments are recognized over a period of five years, while investment income is recognized immediately. If the Company had elected to use the market value of assets, which for the CN Pension Plan at December 31, 2014 was above the market-related value of assets by $1,850 million, the projected net periodic benefit cost for 2015 would decrease by approximately $295 million.

The assets of the Company’s various plans are held in separate trust funds (“Trusts”) which are diversified by asset type, country and investment strategies. Each year, the CN Board of Directors reviews and confirms or amends the Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures (SIPP) which includes the plans’ long-term asset mix and related benchmark indices (“Policy”). This Policy is based on a long-term forward-looking view of the world economy, the dynamics of the plans’ benefit
 
 
40
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
liabilities, the market return expectations of each asset class and the current state of financial markets. The target long-term asset mix in 2014 was: 3% cash and short-term investments, 37% bonds and mortgages, 45% equities, 4% real estate, 7% oil and gas and 4% infrastructure investments.

Annually, the CN Investment Division (“Investment Manager”), a division of the Company created to invest and administer the assets of the plans, proposes a short-term asset mix target (“Strategy”) for the coming year, which is expected to differ from the Policy, because of current economic and market conditions and expectations. The Investment Committee of the Board (“Committee”) regularly compares the actual asset mix to the Policy and Strategy and compares the actual performance of the Company’s pension plans to the performance of the benchmark indices.

The Committee’s approval is required for all major investments in illiquid securities. The SIPP allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to implement strategies or to hedge or adjust existing or anticipated exposures. The SIPP prohibits investments in securities of the Company or its subsidiaries. During the last 10 years ended December 31, 2014, the CN Pension Plan earned an annual average rate of return of 7.41%.

The actual, market-related value, and expected rates of return on plan assets for the last five years were as follows:

   
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
Actual
    10.1 %     11.2 %     7.7 %     0.3 %     8.7 %
Market-related value
    7.6 %     7.3 %     2.3 %     3.0 %     4.8 %
Expected
    7.00 %     7.00 %     7.25 %     7.50 %     7.75 %

The Company’s expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects management’s view of long-term investment returns and the effect of a 1% variation in such rate of return would result in a change to the net periodic benefit cost of approximately $90 million. Management’s assumption of the expected long-term rate of return is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual rate of return to differ materially from management’s assumption. There can be no assurance that the plan assets will be able to earn the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

Net periodic benefit cost for pensions for 2015

In 2015, the Company expects a net periodic benefit cost of approximately $80 million for all its defined benefit pension plans. The unfavorable variance compared to 2014 is mainly the result of an increase in the amortization of actuarial losses due to a decrease in the discount rate used from 4.73% to 3.87%, partly offset by lower interest costs.
 
Plan asset allocation

Based on the fair value of the assets held as at December 31, 2014, the assets of the Company’s various plans are comprised of 3% in cash and short-term investments, 29% in bonds and mortgages, 39% in equities, 2% in real estate assets, 8% in oil and gas, 5% in infrastructure, 10% in absolute return investments, and 4% in risk-based allocation investments. See Note 12 – Pensions and other postretirement benefits to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the fair value measurements of such assets.

A significant portion of the plans’ assets are invested in publicly traded equity securities whose return is primarily driven by stock market performance. Debt securities also account for a significant portion of the plans’ investments and provide a partial offset to the variation in the pension benefit obligation that is driven by changes in the discount rate. The funded status of the plan fluctuates with market conditions and impacts funding requirements. The Company will continue to make contributions to the pension plans that as a minimum meet pension legislative requirements.

Rate of compensation increase and health care cost trend rate

The rate of compensation increase is determined by the Company based upon its long-term plans for such increases. For 2014, a rate of compensation increase of 3% was used to determine the projected benefit obligation and the net periodic benefit cost.

For postretirement benefits other than pensions, the Company reviews external data and its own historical trends for health care costs to determine the health care cost trend rates. For measurement purposes, the projected health care cost trend rate for prescription drugs was assumed to be 7.5% in 2014, and it is assumed that the rate will decrease gradually to 4.5% in 2028 and remain at that level thereafter.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, a one-percentage-point change in either the rate of compensation increase or the health care cost trend rate would not cause a material change to the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for both pensions and other postretirement benefits.

Mortality

On February 13, 2014, the Canadian Institute of Actuaries (CIA) published a final report on Canadian Pensioners’ Mortality (“Report”). The Report contains Canadian pensioners’ mortality tables and improvement scales based on experience studies conducted by the CIA. Based on the CIA’s Report, the overall level of recent mortality experience is significantly lower than that anticipated by the mortality tables commonly used. Furthermore, improvement rates experienced in recent years have been substantially higher than commonly anticipated. The conclusions in the final Report are in-line with the draft Report that was issued in 2013 and that was taken into account in selecting management’s best estimate mortality assumption used to calculate the projected benefit obligation for the December 31, 2013 year-end. As expected, the final Report did not have a significant impact on CN’s projected benefit obligation in 2014.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
41
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


Funding of pension plans

For accounting purposes, the funded status is calculated under generally accepted accounting principles for all pension plans. For funding purposes, the funded status is also calculated under going-concern and solvency scenarios as prescribed under pension legislation and subject to guidance issued by the CIA for all of the registered Canadian defined benefit pension plans. The Company’s funding requirements are determined upon completion of actuarial valuations. Actuarial valuations are generally required on an annual basis for all Canadian plans, or when deemed appropriate by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions.

The Company’s latest actuarial valuations for funding purposes conducted as at December 31, 2013 indicated a funding excess on a going-concern basis of approximately $1.6 billion and a funding deficit on a solvency basis of approximately $1.7 billion. The Company’s next actuarial valuations required as at December 31, 2014 will be performed in 2015. These actuarial valuations are expected to identify a going-concern surplus of approximately $1.9 billion, while on a solvency basis a funding deficit of approximately $1.1 billion is expected due to the level of interest rates applicable at their respective measurement dates. The federal pension legislation requires funding deficits, as calculated under current pension regulations, to be paid over a number of years. Alternatively, a letter of credit can be subscribed to fulfill required solvency deficit payments. Actuarial valuations are also required annually for the Company’s U.S. pension plans.

In 2014, the Company made no voluntary contributions ($100 million in 2013) in excess of the required minimum contributions. Voluntary contributions can be treated as a prepayment against its future required special solvency payments. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had $143 million of accumulated prepayments under the CN Pension Plan which remain available to offset future required solvency deficit payments. The Company expects to use these prepayments to satisfy a portion of its 2015 required solvency deficit payment. The Company established an irrevocable standby letter of credit in 2014 with a face amount of approximately $3 million in order to satisfy the solvency deficit payment for the BC Rail Pension Plan. The Company expects to further subscribe to letters of credit in 2015 to satisfy the solvency deficit payments for certain of its defined benefit pension plans including the CN Pension Plan. Under the CN Pension Plan, considering the prepayments available, it is expected that the letters of credit will only be required in the third quarter of 2015. The total face amount of the letters of credit is expected to be approximately $90 million at the end of 2015. As a result, the Company’s cash contributions for 2015 are expected to be approximately $125 million, for all the Company’s pension plans. The Company expects cash from operations and its other sources of financing to be sufficient to meet its 2015 funding obligations.

Adverse changes to the assumptions used to calculate the Company’s funding status, particularly the discount rate, as well as changes to existing federal pension legislation could significantly impact the Company’s future contributions.

Information disclosed by major pension plan

The following table provides the Company’s plan assets by category, projected benefit obligation at end of year, as well as Company and employee contributions by major defined benefit pension plan:

     
CN
   
BC Rail
   
U.S. and
       
In millions
December 31, 2014
 
Pension Plan
   
Pension Plan
   
other plans
   
Total
 
Plan assets by category
                         
Cash and short-term investments
    $ 536     $ 20     $ 23     $ 579  
Bonds
      4,776       196       93       5,065  
Mortgages
      126       4       1       131  
Equities
      6,681       215       118       7,014  
Real estate
      306       10       1       317  
Oil and gas
      1,325       43       6       1,374  
Infrastructure
      853       28       4       885  
Absolute return
      1,685       54       7       1,746  
Risk-based allocation
      612       20       3       635  
Other (1)
      5       1       9       15  
Total plan assets
    $ 16,905     $ 591     $ 265     $ 17,761  
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 16,059     $ 561     $ 659     $ 17,279  
Company contributions in 2014
      90       1       20       111  
Employee contributions in 2014
      58       -       -       58  
 
(1)
Other consists of operating assets of $145 million ($85 million in 2013) and liabilities of $130 million ($24 million in 2013) required to administer the trust funds’ investment assets and the plans’ benefit and funding activities.

Additional disclosures are provided in Note 12 – Pensions and other postretirement benefits to the Company’s 2014 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
 

42
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
Personal injury and other claims

In the normal course of business, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions seeking compensatory and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to employee and third-party personal injuries, occupational disease and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by, but not limited to, derailments or other accidents.

Canada

Employee injuries are governed by the workers’ compensation legislation in each province whereby employees may be awarded either a lump sum or a future stream of payments depending on the nature and severity of the injury. As such, the provision for employee injury claims is discounted. In the provinces where the Company is self-insured, costs related to employee work-related injuries are accounted for based on actuarially developed estimates of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs. A comprehensive actuarial study is generally performed at least on a triennial basis. For all other legal actions, the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.

In 2014, the Company recorded a $2 million decrease to its provision for personal injuries and other claims in Canada as a result of a comprehensive actuarial study for employee injury claims as well as various other claims.

As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for personal injury and other claims in Canada was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 210     $ 209     $ 199  
Accruals and other
    28       38       55  
Payments
    (35 )     (37 )     (45 )
End of year
  $ 203     $ 210     $ 209  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 28     $ 31     $ 39  

The assumptions used in estimating the ultimate costs for Canadian employee injury claims include, among other factors, the discount rate, the rate of inflation, wage increases and health care costs. The Company periodically reviews its assumptions to reflect currently available information. Over the past three years, the Company has not significantly changed any of these assumptions. Changes in any of these assumptions could materially affect Casualty and other expense as reported in the Company’s results of operations.

For all other legal claims in Canada, estimates are based on the specifics of the case, trends and judgment.
 
United States

Personal injury claims by the Company’s employees, including claims alleging occupational disease and work-related injuries, are subject to the provisions of the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA). Employees are compensated under FELA for damages assessed based on a finding of fault through the U.S. jury system or through individual settlements. As such, the provision is undiscounted. With limited exceptions where claims are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, the Company follows an actuarial-based approach and accrues the expected cost for personal injury, including asserted and unasserted occupational disease claims, and property damage claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost. A comprehensive actuarial study is performed annually.

For employee work-related injuries, including asserted occupational disease claims, and third-party claims, including grade crossing, trespasser and property damage claims, the actuarial valuation considers, among other factors, the Company’s historical patterns of claims filings and payments. For unasserted occupational disease claims, the actuarial study includes the projection of the Company’s experience into the future considering the potentially exposed population. The Company adjusts its liability based upon management’s assessment and the results of the study. On an ongoing basis, management reviews and compares the assumptions inherent in the latest actuarial study with the current claim experience and, if required, adjustments to the liability are recorded.

Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in projecting future events, including events related to occupational diseases, which include but are not limited to, the timing and number of actual claims, the average cost per claim and the legislative and judicial environment, the Company’s future payments may differ from current amounts recorded.

In 2014, the Company recorded a $20 million reduction to its provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims attributable to non-occupational disease claims, third-party claims and occupational disease claims pursuant to the 2014 external actuarial study. In previous years, external actuarial studies have supported a net decrease of $11 million and a net increase of $1 million to the Company’s provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease of $11 million from the 2013 actuarial valuation was mainly attributable to non-occupational disease claims, third-party claims and occupational disease claims, reflecting a decrease in the Company’s estimates of unasserted claims and costs related to asserted claims. The Company has an ongoing risk mitigation strategy focused on reducing the frequency and severity of claims through injury prevention and containment; mitigation of claims; and lower settlements of existing claims.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
43
 
 

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for personal injury and other claims in the U.S. was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 106     $ 105     $ 111  
Accruals and other
    2       18       31  
Payments
    (22 )     (24 )     (34 )
Foreign exchange
    9       7       (3 )
End of year
  $ 95     $ 106     $ 105  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 20     $ 14     $ 43  

For the U.S. personal injury and other claims liability, historical claim data is used to formulate assumptions relating to the expected number of claims and average cost per claim for each year. Changes in any one of these assumptions could materially affect Casualty and other expense as reported in the Company’s results of operations. A 5% change in the asbestos average claim cost or a 1% change in the inflation trend rate for all injury types would result in an increase or decrease in the liability recorded of approximately $1 million.

Environmental matters

Known existing environmental concerns

The Company has identified approximately 255 sites at which it is or may be liable for remediation costs, in some cases along with other potentially responsible parties, associated with alleged contamination and is subject to environmental clean-up and enforcement actions, including those imposed by the United States Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund law, or analogous state laws. CERCLA and similar state laws, in addition to other similar Canadian and U.S. laws, generally impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site, as well as those whose waste is disposed of at the site, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. The Company has been notified that it is a potentially responsible party for study and clean-up costs at approximately 10 sites governed by the Superfund law (and analogous state laws) for which investigation and remediation payments are or will be made or are yet to be determined and, in many instances, is one of several potentially responsible parties.

The ultimate cost of addressing these known contaminated sites cannot be definitively established given that the estimated environmental liability for any given site may vary depending on the nature and extent of the contamination; the nature of anticipated response actions, taking into account the available clean-up techniques; evolving regulatory standards governing environmental liability; and the number of potentially responsible parties and their financial viability. As a result, liabilities are recorded based on the results of a four-phase assessment conducted on a site-by-site basis. A liability is initially recorded when environmental assessments occur, remedial efforts are probable, and when the costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated. The Company estimates the costs related to a particular site using cost scenarios established by external consultants based on the extent of contamination and expected costs for remedial efforts. In the case of multiple parties, the Company accrues its allocable share of liability taking into account the Company’s alleged responsibility, the number of potentially responsible parties and their ability to pay their respective share of the liability. Adjustments to initial estimates are recorded as additional information becomes available.

The Company’s provision for specific environmental sites is undiscounted and includes costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as monitoring costs. Environmental expenses, which are classified as Casualty and other in the Consolidated Statement of Income, include amounts for newly identified sites or contaminants as well as adjustments to initial estimates. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as assets when their receipt is deemed probable.

As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for specific environmental sites was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 119     $ 123     $ 152  
Accruals and other
    11       12       (4 )
Payments
    (19 )     (18 )     (24 )
Foreign exchange
    3       2       (1 )
End of year
  $ 114     $ 119     $ 123  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 45     $ 41     $ 31  

The Company anticipates that the majority of the liability at December 31, 2014 will be paid out over the next five years. However, some costs may be paid out over a longer period. Based on the information currently available, the Company considers its provisions to be adequate.

Unknown existing environmental concerns

While the Company believes that it has identified the costs likely to be incurred for environmental matters based on known information, the discovery of new facts, future changes in laws, the possibility of releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Company’s ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties may result in the identification of additional environmental liabilities and related costs. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with future environmental laws and containing or remediating contamination cannot be reasonably estimated due to many factors, including:

(a)
the lack of specific technical information available with respect to many sites;

(b)
the absence of any government authority, third-party orders, or claims with respect to particular sites;
 

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2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


(c)
the potential for new or changed laws and regulations and for development of new remediation technologies and uncertainty regarding the timing of the work with respect to particular sites; and

(d)
the determination of the Company’s liability in proportion to other potentially responsible parties and the ability to recover costs from any third parties with respect to particular sites.

Therefore, the likelihood of any such costs being incurred or whether such costs would be material to the Company cannot be determined at this time. There can thus be no assurance that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future, or will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year, or that the Company’s liquidity will not be adversely impacted by such liabilities or costs, although management believes, based on current information, that the costs to address environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or liquidity. Costs related to any unknown existing or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable.

Future occurrences

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. As a result, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws and other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

Regulatory compliance

The Company may incur significant capital and operating costs associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements, in its railroad operations and relating to its past and present ownership, operation or control of real property. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed unless they relate to an improvement to the property. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and which are not expected to contribute to current or future operations are expensed. Operating expenses for environmental matters amounted to $20 million in 2014, $18 million in 2013 and $16 million in 2012. For 2015, the Company expects to incur operating expenses relating to environmental matters in the same range as 2014. In addition, based on the results of its operations and maintenance programs, as well as ongoing environmental audits and other factors, the Company plans for specific capital improvements on an annual basis. Certain of these improvements help ensure facilities, such as fuelling stations and waste water and storm water treatment systems, comply with environmental standards and include new construction and the updating of existing systems and/or processes. Other capital expenditures relate to assessing and remediating certain impaired properties. The Company’s environmental capital expenditures amounted to $19 million in 2014, $10 million in 2013 and $13 million in 2012. For 2015, the Company expects to incur capital expenditures relating to environmental matters in the same range as 2014.

Business risks

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to various business risks and uncertainties that can have an effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, or liquidity. While some exposures may be reduced by the Company’s risk management strategies, many risks are driven by external factors beyond the Company’s control or are of a nature which cannot be eliminated. The following is a discussion of key areas of business risks and uncertainties.

Competition

The Company faces significant competition, including from rail carriers and other modes of transportation, and is also affected by its customers’ flexibility to select among various origins and destinations, including ports, in getting their products to market. Specifically, the Company faces competition from Canadian Pacific Railway Company, which operates the other major rail system in Canada and services most of the same industrial areas, commodity resources and population centers as the Company; major U.S. railroads and other Canadian and U.S. railroads; long-distance trucking companies, transportation via the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes Seaway and the Mississippi River and transportation via pipelines. In addition, while railroads must build or acquire and maintain their rail systems, motor carriers and barges are able to use public rights-of-way that are built and maintained by public entities with-out paying fees covering the entire costs of their usage.

Competition is generally based on the quality and the reliability of the service provided, access to markets, as well as price. Factors affecting the competitive position of customers, including exchange rates and energy cost, could materially adversely affect the demand for goods supplied by the sources served by the Company and, therefore, the Company’s volumes, revenues and profit margins. Factors affecting the general market conditions for the Company’s customers can result in an imbalance of transportation capacity relative to demand. An extended period of supply/demand imbalance could negatively impact market rate levels for all transportation services, and more specifically the Company’s ability to maintain or increase rates. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations or financial position.

The level of consolidation of rail systems in the U.S. has resulted in larger rail systems that are able to offer seamless services
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
45
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
in larger market areas and, accordingly, compete effectively with the Company in numerous markets. This requires the Company to consider arrangements or other initiatives that would similarly enhance its own service.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively against current and future competitors in the transportation industry, and that further consolidation within the transportation industry and legislation allowing for more leniency in size and weight for motor carriers will not adversely affect the Company’s competitive position. No assurance can be given that competitive pressures will not lead to reduced revenues, profit margins or both.

Environmental matters

The Company’s operations are subject to numerous federal, provincial, state, municipal and local environmental laws and regulations in Canada and the U.S. concerning, among other things, emissions into the air; discharges into waters; the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, hazardous substances and other materials; decommissioning of underground and aboveground storage tanks; and soil and groundwater contamination. A risk of environmental liability is inherent in railroad and related transportation operations; real estate ownership, operation or control; and other commercial activities of the Company with respect to both current and past operations. As a result, the Company incurs significant operating and capital costs, on an ongoing basis, associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements in its railroad operations and relating to its past and present ownership, operation or control of real property.

While the Company believes that it has identified the costs likely to be incurred for environmental matters in the next several years based on known information, the discovery of new facts, future changes in laws, the possibility of releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Company’s ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties may result in the identification of additional environmental liabilities and related costs.

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. In addition, the Company is also exposed to potential catastrophic liability risk, faced by the railroad industry generally, in connection with the transportation of toxic inhalation hazard materials such as chlorine and anhydrous ammonia, or other dangerous commodities like crude oil and propane that the Company may be required to transport as a result of its common carrier obligations. Therefore, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws or other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

The environmental liability for any given contaminated site varies depending on the nature and extent of the contamination; the available clean-up techniques; evolving regulatory standards governing environmental liability; and the number of potentially responsible parties and their financial viability. As such, the ultimate cost of addressing known contaminated sites cannot be definitively established. Also, additional contaminated sites yet unknown may be discovered or future operations may result in accidental releases.

While some exposures may be reduced by the Company’s risk mitigation strategies (including periodic audits, employee training programs and emergency plans and procedures), many environmental risks are driven by external factors beyond the Company’s control or are of a nature which cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, there can be no assurance, notwithstanding the Company’s mitigation strategies, that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future or that environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity, and reputation in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Personal injury and other claims

In the normal course of business, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions seeking compensatory and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to employee and third-party personal injuries, occupational disease, and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by, but not limited to, derailments or other accidents. The Company maintains provisions for such items, which it considers to be adequate for all of its outstanding or pending claims and benefits from insurance coverage for occurrences in excess of certain amounts. The final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at December 31, 2014, or with respect to future claims, cannot be predicted with certainty, and therefore there can be no assurance that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity, in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Labor negotiations

Canadian workforce

As at December 31, 2014, CN employed a total of 17,732 employees in Canada, of which 13,335 were unionized employees. From time to time, the Company negotiates to renew collective agreements with various unionized groups of employees.

In the fourth quarter of 2014, the bargaining process commenced for the renewal of CN’s collective agreements which expired on December 31, 2014, with:

Unifor (formerly Canadian Auto Workers (CAW)) governing clerical, intermodal, shopcraft employees and owner operator truck drivers;

the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference governing rail traffic controllers (TCRC-RCTC);
 

46
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
 
the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference governing locomotive engineers (TCRC-LE); and

 
the United Steelworkers of America (USW) governing track workers.

On November 7, 2014, CN requested conciliation assistance from the Minister of Labour with regards to the bargaining with Unifor and the TCRC bargaining units. On November 25, 2014, the Minister of Labour appointed conciliation officers to assist the Company and the unions in their negotiations.

On January 14, 2015, a tentative agreement was reached to renew the collective agreement with the TCRC-RCTC, which is subject to ratification by the members. The results of the ratification vote are expected by February 28, 2015.

On January 30, 2015, the collective agreement with the USW, was ratified by the members. The new collective agreement will expire on December 31, 2018.

The other collective agreements remain in effect until the bargaining process outlined under the Canada Labour Code has been exhausted for the respective bargaining units.

Disputes relating to the renewal of collective agreements could potentially result in strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns and loss of business. Future labor agreements or renegotiated agreements could increase labor and fringe benefits expenses. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to renew and have its collective agreements ratified without any strikes or lockouts or that the resolution of these collective bargaining negotiations will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

U.S. workforce

As at December 31, 2014, CN employed a total of 7,798 employees in the U.S., of which 6,137 were unionized employees.

As of February 2, 2015, the Company had in place agreements with bargaining units representing the entire unionized workforce at Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company (GTW), companies owned by Illinois Central Railroad Company (ICRR), companies owned by Wisconsin Central Ltd. (WC), Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company (BLE) and The Pittsburgh and Conneaut Dock Company (PCD). Agreements in place have various moratorium provisions, ranging up to 2018, which preserve the status quo in respect of the given collective agreement during the terms of such moratoriums. Some of these agreements are currently under renegotiation.

The general approach to labor negotiations by U.S. Class I railroads is to bargain on a collective national basis with the industry, which GTW, ICRR, WC and BLE have agreed to participate in, effective January 2015, for collective agreements covering non-operating employees. Collective agreements covering operating employees at GTW, ICRR, WC, BLE and all employees at PCD continue to be bargained on a local (corporate) basis. In either situation, a labor dispute may not generate federal intervention in a strike or lockout situation.
 
Where negotiations are ongoing, the terms and conditions of existing agreements generally continue to apply until new agreements are reached or the processes of the Railway Labor Act have been exhausted.

There can be no assurance that there will not be any work action by any of the bargaining units with which the Company is currently in negotiations or that the resolution of these negotiations will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

Regulation

The Company’s rail operations in Canada are subject to economic regulation by the Canadian Transportation Agency (“Agency”) under the Canada Transportation Act (CTA), and safety regulation by the Federal Minister of Transport under the Railway Safety Act and certain other statutes.

The Company’s U.S. rail operations are subject to economic regulation by the Surface Transportation Board (STB), and safety regulation by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), with the transportation of certain hazardous commodities also governed by regulations promulgated by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).

Economic regulation – Canada

The CTA provides rate and service remedies, including final offer arbitration (FOA), competitive line rates and compulsory interswitching. The CTA also regulates the maximum revenue entitlement for the movement of grain, charges for railway ancillary services and noise-related disputes. In addition, various Company business transactions must gain prior regulatory approval, with attendant risks and uncertainties.

On January 22, 2014, Transport Canada initiated a comprehensive review and consultation on the liability and compensation regime for rail. On August 1, 2014, Transport Canada launched a second stage of consultations with a view to strengthen the liability and compensation regime for railways and shippers by establishing supplementary compensation for incidents involving dangerous goods.

On March 7, 2014, the Government of Canada issued an Order in Council, requiring each of the Company and Canadian Pacific Railway Company to move progressively increasing minimum volumes of grain up to a prescribed weekly minimum of 500,000 metric tonnes. On May 29, 2014, Bill C-30 came into force. It amended the CTA by requiring the Company and Canadian Pacific Railway Company to each move at least 500,000 metric tonnes of grain weekly through to August 3, 2014. Bill C-30 also allows:

(a)
the Government to specify minimum amounts of grain to be moved in future grain crop years;

(b)
the Agency to extend current interswitching limits for specific regions or specific commodities;
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
47
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
 
(c)
the Agency to make regulations specifying what constitutes ‘operational terms’ for the purpose of the establishment of service level agreements; and

(d)
the Agency to order a railway company to pay shippers for expenses incurred as a result of the railway’s failure to fulfill its service obligations.

The amendments introduced by Bill C-30 are intended to remain in effect up to August 1, 2016, unless further extended by Parliament.

On August 1, 2014, the Agency issued an amendment to the interswitching regulations extending the distance to 160 kilometers from the current 30 kilometers limits for all commodities in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. The Agency also issued regulations defining what constitutes ‘operational terms’ for the purpose of rail level of service arbitrations.

On August 1, 2014, the Government of Canada also issued an Order in Council requiring each of the Company and Canadian Pacific Railway Company to move at least 536,250 metric tonnes of grain weekly, subject to volume demand and corridor capacity during the period of August 3, 2014 to November 29, 2014. On November 27, 2014, the Government of Canada issued a new Order in Council prescribing various minimum volumes for the period of November 29, 2014 to March 28, 2015. Failure to move the prescribed minimum tonnage potentially subjects the Company to an administrative monetary penalty of up to $100,000 per violation.

The Company received letters from a Transport Canada Enforcement Officer requiring CN to provide detailed information and documentary evidence describing the factors that contributed to CN’s failure to meet the minimum grain volume requirements in specified weeks and by how much these factors contributed to the failure. On December 14, 2014, CN was issued two notices of violation for the failure to meet the minimum volumes of grain for two separate weeks with an assessed penalty of $50,000 for each week.

On June 25, 2014, the Government launched the statutory review of the CTA. The Government appointed a six-person panel to conduct this review. The panel’s report is required to be provided to the Federal Minister of Transport 18 months after their appointment. CN will be submitting comments early in 2015 on the subjects being examined by the panel.

No assurance can be given that any current or future legislative action by the federal government or other future government initiatives will not materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

Economic regulation – U.S.

The STB serves as both an adjudicatory and regulatory body and has jurisdiction over railroad rate and service issues and rail restructuring transactions such as mergers, line sales, line construction and line abandonments. As such, various Company business transactions must gain prior regulatory approval, with attendant risks and uncertainties. The STB has undertaken proceedings in the past few years in a number of areas.

On July 25, 2012, following hearings in June 2011 on the state of competition in the railroad industry, the STB commenced a proceeding to consider a proposal by the National Industrial Transportation League for competitive switching. In a first phase, parties submitted at STB’s request on March 1, 2013, a wide variety of data to assess the scope and potential impact of the proposal and submitted reply comments on May 30, 2013. The STB held hearings on March 25-26, 2014 to further review these matters.

On July 18, 2013, the STB issued a decision raising relief caps and making certain other technical changes for rate complaints brought under its simplified rate guidelines and on December 12, 2013, the STB instituted a proceeding to invite comments on how to ensure its rate complaint procedures are accessible to grain shippers and provide effective protection against unreasonable grain rates.

On December 20, 2013, the STB instituted a rulemaking to review how it determines the rail industry’s cost of equity capital, and on April 2, 2014, joined it with a proceeding to explore its methodology for determining railroad revenue adequacy and the revenue adequacy component used in judging the reasonableness of rail rates. In addition, on September 2, 2014, the STB made its annual revenue adequacy determination for Class I carriers for 2013. The STB determined that five Class I carriers are revenue adequate, among them Grand Trunk Corporation, which includes CN’s U.S. affiliated operations.

On April 11, 2014, the STB adopted final rules, effective July 15, 2014, establishing that any person receiving rail cars from a rail carrier for loading or unloading, including third parties in addition to the consignor and consignee, who detains the cars beyond the period of free time specified in a carrier’s governing demurrage tariff will generally be liable for demurrage if the carrier has provided that person with actual notice of the carrier’s tariff establishing such liability.

On May 29, 2014, the STB instituted an advance notice of proposed rulemaking to invite comments on whether the safe harbor provision of its current fuel surcharge rules should be modified or removed.

As part of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (PRIIA), the U.S. Congress has authorized the STB to investigate any railroad over whose track Amtrak operates that fails to meet an 80 percent on-time performance standard for Amtrak operations extending over two calendar quarters and to determine the cause of such failures. Compliance with this mandate began with the third quarter of 2010 and is governed by performance metrics and standards jointly issued by the FRA and Amtrak on May 12, 2010. Should the STB commence an investigation and determine that a failure to meet these standards is due to the host railroad’s failure to provide preference to Amtrak, the STB is authorized to assess damages against the host railroad. On January 19, 2012, Amtrak filed a complaint with the STB to commence such an investigation, including a request for damages for preference failures, for allegedly sub-standard performance of Amtrak trains on CN’s ICRR and GTW
 

48
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
lines. CN responded on March 9, 2012 to Amtrak’s complaint. CN and Amtrak entered into STB-supervised mediation until October 4, 2012, and on joint motion of the parties shortly thereafter, the STB stayed the proceedings until July 31, 2013. The Company participated in a railroad industry challenge to the constitutionality of the joint FRA/Amtrak performance metrics and standards. On July 2, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit reversed a U.S. District Court decision and determined that Congress’ delegation to Amtrak of joint legislative authority with the FRA to promulgate the metrics and standards to be unconstitutional. In light of that decision, and on joint motion of the parties, the STB further stayed the proceedings until July 31, 2014, to provide time that may be necessary for a final resolution on the constitutionality of the metrics and standards pending further appeals. On June 23, 2014, the Supreme Court granted the Government’s petition seeking its review of the D.C. Circuit decision and heard the case on December 8, 2014. On August 29, 2014, Amtrak filed with the STB a motion to amend its January 19, 2012 complaint against CN to limit it to a single Amtrak service over CN’s ICRR line. On September 17, 2014, CN moved to dismiss the proceeding on the basis of the D.C. Circuit’s constitutionality decision or alternatively to stay Amtrak’s motion pending the Supreme Court’s decision. On December 19, 2014, the STB issued a decision granting Amtrak’s motion to limit its complaint to a single route and concluding that pending litigation involving the constitutionality of the joint FRA/Amtrak performance metrics does not preclude the case from moving forward.

On July 30, 2013, Amtrak filed an application with the STB requesting the agency to set terms and compensation for a new CN/Amtrak Operating Agreement to replace the one that was expiring on August 11, 2013. On August 1, 2013, CN agreed to continue to make its facilities available to Amtrak during the STB’s consideration, under the terms of the expired agreement.

The U.S. Congress has had under consideration for several years various pieces of legislation that would increase federal economic regulation of the railroad industry. In the 2013 – 2014 session of Congress, legislation to repeal the rail industry’s limited antitrust exemptions (S. 638) was introduced in the Senate, as well as a bill (S. 2777) to reauthorize funding for the STB that also addresses several economic regulatory matters, such as arbitration and STB investigation of complaints. These bills did not progress prior to the adjournment of the 2013 – 2014 session of Congress, but there is no assurance that similar bills or other legislation to increase federal economic regulation of the railroad industry will not progress through the legislative process in the future.

On October 8, 2014, the STB issued a decision requiring all Class I railroads to provide each week a broad range of operational data, starting October 22, 2014. The STB is seeking to provide access to rail performance data sought by shippers and to meet the STB’s objective of promoting transparency, accountability, and improvements in rail service. The STB also directed that data specific to Chicago and a narrative summary of operating conditions in Chicago as well as Chicago Transportation Coordination Office (CTCO) contingency protocols and other industry-wide information be provided from individual railroads. On December 30, 2014, the STB issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to require the Class I railroads to permanently report certain service performance metrics on a weekly basis.

The acquisition of the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company (EJ&E) in 2009 followed an extensive regulatory approval process by the STB, which included an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) that resulted in conditions imposed to mitigate municipalities’ concerns regarding increased rail activity expected along the EJ&E line. The Company accepted the STB-imposed conditions with one exception. The Company filed an appeal at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit challenging the STB’s condition requiring the installation of grade separations at two locations along the EJ&E line at Company funding levels significantly beyond prior STB practice. Appeals were also filed by certain communities challenging the sufficiency of the EIS. On March 15, 2011, the Court denied the CN and community appeals. As such, the Company has estimated remaining commitments, through to December 31, 2016, of approximately $65 million (US$56 million), in relation to the acquisition.

On November 8, 2012, the STB denied the request of the Village of Barrington, Illinois (Barrington) that the STB impose additional mitigation that would require CN to fund the full cost of a grade separation at a location along the EJ&E line in Barrington. On December 26, 2012, Barrington appealed the STB’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. On July 18, 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued its decision denying Barrington’s petition. On November 26, 2014, Barrington asked the STB to impose additional mitigation in the form of a grade separation at the intersection of U.S. Highway 14 and the EJ&E line in Barrington at CN’s expense. The Company filed its reply at the STB on December 16, 2014.

The STB also imposed a five-year monitoring and oversight condition, subsequently extended by one additional year to January 2015, during which the Company is required to file with the STB monthly operational reports as well as quarterly reports on the implementation status of the STB-imposed mitigation conditions. This permits the STB to take further action if there is a material change in the facts and circumstances upon which it relied in imposing the specific mitigation conditions.

A first oversight audit of the Company’s EJ&E’s operational and environmental reporting was completed in April 2010, and after public comment was finalized by the STB in December 2010. In December 2011, the STB directed a second oversight audit that commenced on February 17, 2012, which was completed on April 30, 2012, and released publicly by the STB on June 18, 2012. On August 28, 2014, Barrington and the TRAC coalition filed a petition requesting the STB to extend its oversight for two additional years. CN replied on September 16, 2014, in opposition to the petition. On December 17, 2014, the STB granted the petition, extending oversight until January 23, 2017.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
49
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


The resolution of matters that could arise during the STB’s remaining oversight of the transaction cannot be predicted with certainty, and therefore, there can be no assurance that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The Company’s ownership of the former Great Lakes Transportation vessels is subject to regulation by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and the Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, which regulate the ownership and operation of vessels operating on the Great Lakes and in U.S. coastal waters. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authority to regulate air emissions from these vessels. Regulatory initiatives of these U.S. government agencies may materially adversely affect the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

On November 8, 2011, the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC), which has authority over oceanborne transport of cargo into and out of the U.S., initiated a Notice of Inquiry to examine whether the U.S. Harbor Maintenance Tax (HMT) and other factors may be contributing to the diversion of U.S.-bound cargo to Canadian and Mexican seaports, which could affect CN rail operations. The Company filed comments in this proceeding on January 9, 2012. In July 2012, the FMC issued its study, which found that carriers shipping cargo through Canadian or Mexican ports violate no U.S. law, treaty, agreement, or FMC regulation. The report stated, however, that the HMT is one of many factors affecting the increased use of foreign ports for cargo bound for U.S. destinations and that amendment of the current HMT structure should be considered so as to assist U.S. seaports. On September 17, 2013, the Maritime Goods Movement Act (Bill S. 1509) was introduced and assigned to a congressional committee for consideration. The bill proposes to replace the HMT with a Maritime Goods Movement Fee which would be imposed on any U.S.-destined cargo regardless of its point of entry into North America. Among the bill’s goals is to discourage diversion of U.S.-bound goods through Canadian or Mexican ports. A companion bill, H.R. 4105, was introduced on February 27, 2014 in the U.S. House of Representatives. No action was taken on this legislation in the Senate or House prior to adjournment of the 2013 – 2014 session of Congress.

No assurance can be given that any future regulatory or legislative initiatives by the U.S. federal government related to this inquiry and proposed legislation will not materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or its competitive and financial position.

Safety regulation – Canada

Rail safety regulation in Canada is the responsibility of Transport Canada, which administers the Canadian Railway Safety Act, as well as the rail portions of other safety-related statutes. On May 1, 2013, Bill S-4 came into force which prohibits anyone from operating a railway without having first obtained a Railway Operating Certificate issued by the Federal Minister of Transport. The Bill also includes the ability for the government to establish Administrative Monetary Penalties in the event of contravention of prescribed provisions of the Act or regulations.

On July 23, 2013, following a significant derailment involving a non-related short-line railroad within the Province of Quebec (“Lac-Mégantic derailment”), the Federal Minister of Transport issued an Emergency Directive under the Canada Railway Safety Act to enhance the effectiveness of train securement procedures and safety across the Canadian rail industry and to help reduce the risk of unintended train movements that can lead to catastrophic accidents. CN has reviewed its safety policies for unattended trains and adjusted its safety practices to comply with Transport Canada’s order. Transport Canada also issued an order requiring all federal railways to formulate or revise rules, as the case may be, respecting the securement of unattended locomotives and crew size requirements. On November 20, 2013, the Railway Association of Canada filed revised rules on behalf of CN and its other member railway companies in compliance with this order. On December 26, 2013, the Federal Minister of Transport issued a notice approving the revised rules.

On October 17, 2013, Transport Canada issued Protective Direction No. 31 under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, requiring any person offering crude oil for transport to test the classification of the crude oil being offered.

On November 20, 2013, Transport Canada issued Protective Direction No. 32 under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, requiring railway companies to provide designated municipal emergency planning officials with yearly aggregate information on the nature and volume of dangerous goods the company transports by rail through the municipality.

On March 15, 2014, Transport Canada published for comments proposed new regulations governing railway operating certificates. They specify the safety and operating requirements that must be met in order to obtain a railway operating certificate, which will be an operating requirement for all federally-regulated railway carriers and local carriers operating on the railway lines of federally regulated carriers.

On April 23, 2014, Transport Canada issued an Emergency Directive under the Railway Safety Act, requiring railway companies to operate certain trains carrying dangerous commodities at speeds not to exceed 50 miles per hour. In addition, on the same date, Transport Canada issued a separate order under the Railway Safety Act requiring railway companies to formulate rules that would replace the Emergency Directive on a permanent basis. These rules are under development. Transport Canada further ordered railway companies to conduct route assessments for rail corridors handling significant volumes of dangerous goods. Transport Canada also issued Protective Directions 33 and 34, respectively, requiring an Emergency Response Assistance Plan in order to ship large volumes of flammable liquids and prohibiting the use of certain DOT-111 tank cars for the transportation of dangerous goods.

 
50
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
On May 17, 2014, Transport Canada published for comments proposed new regulations setting out the administrative monetary penalties that could be issued for violations of the Railway Safety Act and its associated regulations.

On July 5, 2014, Transport Canada published for comments proposed new Railway Safety Management System Regulations that would require federally regulated railway companies (and other carriers operating over federally regulated companies’ trackage) to implement safety management systems.

On July 15, 2014, Transport Canada issued Regulations Amending the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, which specifies new standards for tank cars as well as the procedures and processes for classification of dangerous goods and sampling methods used by the consignors and carriers of petroleum crude oil.

On October 29, 2014, Transport Canada issued an order under the Railway Safety Act, requiring railway companies to implement enhanced minimum securement standards for immobilized trains. Revisions to railway operating rules are under development to comply with those standards.

On December 17, 2014, Transport Canada issued new regulations for highway-railway crossings. These regulations establish specific standards for new crossings and require that existing crossings be upgraded to basic safety standards within seven years of the new regulations taking effect on April 1, 2015.

Safety regulation – U.S.

Rail safety regulation in the U.S. is the responsibility of the FRA, which administers the Federal Railroad Safety Act, as well as the rail portions of other safety statutes. In 2008, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation reauthorizing the Federal Railroad Safety Act. This legislation covers a broad range of safety issues, including fatigue management, Positive Train Control (PTC), grade crossings, bridge safety, and other matters. The legislation requires all Class I railroads and intercity passenger and commuter railroads to implement a PTC system by December 31, 2015 on mainline track where intercity passenger railroads and commuter railroads operate and where toxic inhalation hazard materials are transported. PTC is a collision avoidance technology intended to override locomotive controls and stop a train before an accident. The Company is taking steps to ensure implementation of PTC in accordance with the new law, including working with other Class I railroads to satisfy the requirements for U.S. network interoperability. The Company’s PTC Implementation Plan, submitted in April 2010, has been approved by the FRA. CN’s total implementation costs associated with PTC are estimated to be US$550 million. The legislation also caps the number of on-duty and limbo time hours for certain rail employees on a monthly basis. The Company is taking appropriate steps and is working with the FRA to ensure that its operations conform to the law’s requirements.
 
In 2012, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) advised the FRA on behalf of the industry that a nationwide interoperable PTC network could not be completed by the current 2015 deadline. In August 2012, the FRA also reported to Congress that the majority of the carriers would be unable to meet the December 31, 2015 implementation deadline. In August 2013, legislation was introduced in the Senate that would delay PTC implementation by five years to the end of 2020, and in the same month, the U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report recommending that Congress give the FRA authority to extend the deadline for individual carriers on a case-by-case basis. The PTC implementation legislation did not progress through the legislative process prior to adjournment of the 2013 – 2014 session of Congress. The Company continues its good faith efforts to implement PTC, although it believes that the industry, including the Company, is unlikely to meet the current 2015 deadline. The Company will also continue to work with the industry to obtain an extension of the deadline. The Company notes that noncompliance with the 2015 deadline can subject the Company to regulatory sanctions.

In May 2013, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) suspended its normal processes to review possible impacts to historic properties, including tribal historic and cultural artifacts, of the installation of tens of thousands of poles industry-wide that are required to host PTC radio operations while it considered changes to those procedures needed to accommodate that volume. On May 16, 2014, the FCC lifted its suspension upon the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) approval of modifications to the FCC’s usual procedures for historic preservation review. The AAR reported that despite these modifications, the railroad industry will still not be able to install interoperable PTC on the entire U.S. network by the December 31, 2015 deadline.

In the aftermath of the July 2013 Lac-Mégantic derailment, the FRA issued Emergency Order No. 28, Notice No. 1 on August 2, 2013 directing that railroads take specific actions regarding unattended trains transporting specified hazardous materials, including securement of these trains. That same day, the FRA and the PHMSA issued Safety Advisory 2013-06, which made recommendations to railroads on issues including crew staffing practices and operational testing to ensure employees’ compliance with securement-related rules, as well as recommendations to shippers of crude oil to be transported by rail. In addition, the railroad industry has acted on its own to enhance rail safety in light of the Lac-Mégantic derailment and fire. Effective August 5, 2013, AAR amended the industry’s Recommended Railroad Operating Practices for Transportation of Hazardous Materials (Circular No. OT-55-N) by expanding the definition of a “key train” (for which heightened operating safeguards are required) to include trains carrying one tank car load of poison or toxic inhalation hazard, anhydrous ammonia, or ammonia solutions and to include trains carrying 20 car loads or portable tank loads of any combination of hazardous materials (including ethanol and crude oil).


Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
51
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


On August 12, 2013, the FRA established the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee (RSAC) to provide advice and recommendations to the FRA on railroad safety matters. The FRA’s Emergency Order No. 28 resulted in four new tasks accepted by the RSAC. The four tasks are: train crew size; operational testing for securement; securement and hazardous material issues. Certain of the RSAC four task groups have produced recommendations that will be considered for future rulemakings. CN is an active participant in all four task groups.

On September 6, 2013, PHMSA published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) considering improvement of the regulations related to the transportation by rail of hazardous materials in tank cars. On November 14, 2013, CN was a participant in AAR’s comments filed with PHMSA in this proceeding, which urged PHMSA to require that all tank cars used to transport flammable liquids be retrofitted or phased out, and that new cars be built to more stringent standards. The AAR comments included specific tank cars safety standard improvements, which the AAR maintained will substantially decrease the likelihood of a release if a tank car is involved in an accident.

On January 23, 2014, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a series of recommendations to the U.S. Department of Transportation, to address the safety risk of transporting crude oil by rail. The NTSB’s recommendations complement those issued by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada and specifically: (1) require expanded hazardous materials route planning for railroads to avoid populated and other sensitive areas; (2) development of an FRA/PHMSA audit program to ensure that railroads carrying petroleum products have adequate emergency response capabilities to address worst-case discharges of the product; and (3) require audits of shippers and railroads to ensure that they are properly classifying hazardous materials being transported and that they have adequate safety and security plans in place.

On August 1, 2014, PHMSA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking aimed at improving the safe transportation of flammable liquids by rail, addressing operating rules, specifications for new tank cars, and the retrofit of existing tank cars. Concurrently, PHMSA issued an ANPRM on comprehensive oil spill response planning. CN was a participant in AAR’s comments filed with PHMSA in these two proceedings on September 30, 2014. AAR addressed speed limits for trains with at least one legacy DOT-111 tank car moving flammable liquids, urged PHMSA to refrain from requiring electronically controlled pneumatic brakes on tank cars used to move flammable liquids, advocated specific increases in federal tank car specifications, requested that crude oil routing information not be disclosed to State Emergency Response Commissions, and urged a requirement for the aggressive retrofit or phase out of existing flammable liquid tank cars as soon as possible while still enabling the industry to meet the demands for rail movement of flammable liquids.

On September 10, 2014, legislation was introduced in the U.S. Senate (S. 2784) that proposes a number of new rail safety requirements, including inward and outward facing cameras and redundant signal protection to protect maintenance of way workers, while also making significant changes to FRA civil penalty levels, requiring studies on rail operations that block crossings and on train lengths, and mandating that trains transporting high-hazard flammables and operating with any legacy DOT-111 tank cars maintain a speed limit of 40 miles per hour in areas with a population of 100,000 or more. A second bill introduced in the U.S. Senate (S. 2858) in September 2014 would create strong penalties for railroads that violate safety standards, would require standardized hazardous materials information to support first responders, and improved risk-assessment and decision-making tools for railroads. Neither bill was considered in Congress prior to adjournment of the 2013 – 2014 session.

No assurance can be given that these or any future regulatory or legislative initiatives by the Canadian and U.S. federal governments will not materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, or its competitive and financial position.

Security

The Company is subject to statutory and regulatory directives in the U.S. addressing homeland security concerns. In the U.S., safety matters related to security are overseen by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the PHMSA, which, like the FRA, is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Border security falls under the jurisdiction of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), which is part of the DHS. In Canada, the Company is subject to regulation by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Matters related to agriculture-related shipments crossing the Canada/U.S. border also fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S., Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) in Canada. More specifically, the Company is subject to:

(a)
Border security arrangements, pursuant to an agreement the Company and Canadian Pacific Railway Company entered into with the CBP and the CBSA.

(b)
The CBP’s Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program and designation as a low-risk carrier under CBSA’s Customs Self-Assessment (CSA) program.

(c)
Regulations imposed by the CBP requiring advance notification by all modes of transportation for all shipments into the U.S. The CBSA is also working on similar requirements for Canada-bound traffic.

(d)
Inspection for imported fruits and vegetables grown in Canada and the agricultural quarantine and inspection (AQI) user fee for all traffic entering the U.S. from Canada.

(e)
Gamma ray screening of cargo entering the U.S. from Canada, and potential security and agricultural inspections at the Canada/U.S. border.
 

52
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 
The Company has worked with the AAR to develop and put in place an extensive industry-wide security plan to address terrorism and security-driven efforts by state and local governments seeking to restrict the routings of certain hazardous materials. If such state and local routing restrictions were to go into force, they would be likely to add to security concerns by foreclosing the Company’s most optimal and secure transportation routes, leading to increased yard handling, longer hauls, and the transfer of traffic to lines less suitable for moving hazardous materials, while also infringing upon the exclusive and uniform federal oversight over railroad security matters.


Transportation of hazardous materials

The Company may be required to transport toxic inhalation hazard materials as a result of its common carrier obligations and, as such, is exposed to additional regulatory oversight.

(a)
The PHMSA requires carriers operating in the U.S. to report annually the volume and route-specific data for cars containing these commodities; conduct a safety and security risk analysis for each used route; identify a commercially practicable alternative route for each used route; and select for use the practical route posing the least safety and security risk.

(b)
The TSA requires rail carriers to provide upon request, within five minutes for a single car and 30 minutes for multiple cars, location and shipping information on cars on their networks containing toxic inhalation hazard materials and certain radioactive or explosive materials; and ensure the secure, attended transfer of all such cars to and from shippers, receivers and other carriers that will move from, to, or through designated high-threat urban areas.

(c)
The PHMSA has issued regulations to enhance the crashworthiness protection of tank cars used to transport toxic inhalation hazard materials and to limit the operating conditions of such cars.

(d)
In Canada, the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act establishes the safety requirements for the transportation of goods classified as dangerous and enables the establishment of regulations for security training and screening of personnel working with dangerous goods, as well as the development of a program to require a transportation security clearance for dangerous goods and that dangerous goods be tracked during transport.

While the Company will continue to work closely with the CBSA, CBP, and other Canadian and U.S. agencies, as described above, no assurance can be given that these and future decisions by the U.S., Canadian, provincial, state, or local governments on homeland security matters, legislation on security matters enacted by the U.S. Congress or Parliament, or joint decisions by the industry in response to threats to the North American rail network, will not materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, or its competitive and financial position.
 
Economic conditions

The Company, like other railroads, is susceptible to changes in the economic conditions of the industries and geographic areas that produce and consume the freight it transports or the supplies it requires to operate. In addition, many of the goods and commodities carried by the Company experience cyclicality in demand. Many of the bulk commodities the Company transports move offshore and are affected more by global rather than North American economic conditions. Adverse North American and global economic conditions, or economic or industrial restructuring, that affect the producers and consumers of the commodities carried by the Company, including customer insolvency, may have a material adverse effect on the volume of rail shipments and/or revenues from commodities carried by the Company, and thus materially and negatively affect its results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

Pension funding volatility

The Company’s funding requirements for its defined benefit pension plans are determined using actuarial valuations. See the section of this MD&A entitled Critical accounting estimates – Pensions and other postretirement benefits for information relating to the funding of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

Adverse changes with respect to pension plan returns and the level of interest rates from the date of the last actuarial valuations as well as changes to existing federal pension legislation may significantly impact future pension contributions and have a material adverse effect on the funding status of the plans and the Company’s results of operations. There can be no assurance that the Company’s pension expense and funding of its defined benefit pension plans will not increase in the future and thereby negatively impact earnings and/or cash flow.

Trade restrictions

Global as well as North American trade conditions, including trade barriers on certain commodities, may interfere with the free circulation of goods across Canada and the U.S.

Terrorism and international conflicts

Potential terrorist actions can have a direct or indirect impact on the transportation infrastructure, including railway infrastructure in North America, and can interfere with the free flow of goods. Rail lines, facilities and equipment could be directly targeted or become indirect casualties, which could interfere with the free flow of goods. International conflicts can also have an impact on the Company’s markets. Government response to such events could adversely affect the Company’s operations. Insurance premiums could also increase significantly or coverage could become unavailable.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
53
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


Customer credit risk

In the normal course of business, the Company monitors the financial condition and credit limits of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. Although the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of credit risk, economic conditions can affect the Company’s customers and can result in an increase to the Company’s credit risk and exposure to the business failures of its customers. A widespread deterioration of customer credit and business failures of customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Liquidity

Disruptions in the financial markets or deterioration of the Company’s credit ratings could hinder the Company’s access to external sources of funding to meet its liquidity needs. There can be no assurance that changes in the financial markets will not have a negative effect on the Company’s liquidity and its access to capital at acceptable rates.

Supplier concentration

The Company operates in a capital-intensive industry where the complexity of rail equipment limits the number of suppliers available. The supply market could be disrupted if changes in the economy caused any of the Company’s suppliers to cease production or to experience capacity or supply shortages. This could also result in cost increases to the Company and difficulty in obtaining and maintaining the Company’s rail equipment and materials. Since the Company also has foreign suppliers, international relations, trade restrictions and global economic and other conditions may potentially interfere with the Company’s ability to procure necessary equipment. Widespread business failures of, or restrictions on suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

Availability of qualified personnel

The Company, like other companies in North America, may experience demographic challenges in the employment levels of its workforce. Changes in employee demographics, training requirements and the availability of qualified personnel, particularly locomotive engineers and trainmen, could negatively impact the Company’s ability to meet demand for rail service. The Company expects that approximately 30% of its workforce will be eligible to retire or leave through normal attrition (death, termination, resignation) within the next five-year period. The Company monitors employment levels and seeks to ensure that there is an adequate supply of personnel to meet rail service requirements. However, the Company’s efforts to attract and retain qualified personnel may be hindered by specific conditions in the job market. No assurance can be given that demographic or other challenges will not materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or its financial position.

Fuel costs

The Company, like other railroads, is susceptible to the volatility of fuel prices due to changes in the economy or supply disruptions. Fuel shortages can occur due to refinery disruptions, production quota restrictions, climate, and labor and political instability. Increases in fuel prices or supply disruptions may materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Foreign exchange

The Company conducts its business in both Canada and the U.S. and as a result, is affected by currency fluctuations. Changes in the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and other currencies (including the US dollar) make the goods transported by the Company more or less competitive in the world marketplace and thereby may adversely affect the Company’s revenues and expenses.

Interest rate

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk relating to the Company’s long-term debt. The Company mainly issues fixed-rate debt, which exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of the debt. The Company also issues debt with variable interest rates, which exposes the Company to variability in interest expense. Adverse changes to market interest rates may significantly impact the fair value or future cash flows of the Company’s financial instruments. There can be no assurance that changes in the market interest rates will not have a negative effect on the Company’s liquidity.
 
Reliance on technology

The Company relies on information technology in all aspects of its business. While the Company has business continuity and disaster recovery plans, as well as other mitigation programs in place, a cyber security attack and significant disruption or failure of its information technology and communications systems could result in service interruptions, safety failures, security violations, regulatory compliance failures or other operational difficulties and compromise corporate information and assets against intruders and, as such, could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity. If the Company is unable to acquire or implement new technology, it may suffer a competitive disadvantage, which could also have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

 
54
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis


Transportation network disruptions

Due to the integrated nature of the North American freight transportation infrastructure, the Company’s operations may be negatively affected by service disruptions of other transportation links such as ports and other railroads which interchange with the Company. A significant prolonged service disruption of one or more of these entities could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity. Furthermore, deterioration in the cooperative relationships with the Company’s connecting carriers could directly affect the Company’s operations.

Weather and climate change

The Company’s success is dependent on its ability to operate its railroad efficiently. Severe weather and natural disasters, such as extreme cold or heat, flooding, drought, hurricanes and earthquakes, can disrupt operations and service for the railroad, affect the performance of locomotives and rolling stock, as well as disrupt operations for both the Company and its customers. Climate change, including the impact of global warming, has the potential physical risk of increasing the frequency of adverse weather events, which can disrupt the Company’s operations, damage its infrastructure or properties, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity. In addition, although the Company believes that the growing support for climate change legislation is likely to result in changes to the regulatory framework in Canada and the U.S., it is too early to predict the manner or degree of such impact on the Company at this time. Restrictions, caps, taxes, or other controls on emissions of greenhouse gasses, including diesel exhaust, could significantly increase the Company’s capital and operating costs or affect the markets for, or the volume of, the goods the Company carries thereby resulting in a material adverse effect on operations, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. More specifically, climate change legislation and regulation could affect CN’s utility coal customers due to coal capacity being replaced with natural gas generation and renewable energy; make it difficult for CN’s customers to produce products in a cost-competitive manner due to increased energy costs; and increase legal costs related to defending and resolving legal claims and other litigation related to climate change.
 
Controls and procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2014, have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2014, there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

As of December 31, 2014, management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014, and issued Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting dated February 2, 2015 to that effect.

The Company’s 2014 Annual Information Form (AIF) and Form 40-F, may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, respectively. Copies of such documents, as well as the Company’s Notice of Intention to Make a Normal Course Issuer Bid, may be obtained by contacting the Corporate Secretary’s office.

Montreal, Canada
February 2, 2015
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
55
 
 

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014.

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an unqualified audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 and has also expressed an unqualified audit opinion on the Company’s 2014 consolidated financial statements as stated in their Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated February 2, 2015.


"CLAUDE MONGEAU"
[signed]
 
Claude Mongeau
President and Chief Executive Officer

February 2, 2015

 
 
"LUC JOBIN"
[signed]
 
Luc Jobin
Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer

February 2, 2015

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of the Canadian National Railway Company

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Canadian National Railway Company (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and its consolidated results of operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.



"KPMG LLP*"
[signed]
KPMG LLP*

Montreal, Canada
February 2, 2015

*
FCPA auditor, FCA, public accountancy permit No. A106087

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.


56
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of the Canadian National Railway Company

We have audited the Canadian National Railway Company’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated February 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.



"KPMG LLP*"
[signed]
KPMG LLP*

Montreal, Canada
February 2, 2015

*
FCPA auditor, FCA, public accountancy permit No. A106087

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.

 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
57
 
 

 
 
Consolidated Statement of Income

In millions, except per share data
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Revenues
    $ 12,134     $ 10,575     $ 9,920  
Operating expenses
                         
Labor and fringe benefits
      2,319       2,182       1,952  
Purchased services and material
      1,598       1,351       1,248  
Fuel
      1,846       1,619       1,524  
Depreciation and amortization
      1,050       980       924  
Equipment rents
      329       275       249  
Casualty and other
      368       295       338  
Total operating expenses
      7,510       6,702       6,235  
Operating income
      4,624       3,873       3,685  
Interest expense
      (371 )     (357 )     (342 )
Other income (Note 3)
      107       73       315  
Income before income taxes
      4,360       3,589       3,658  
Income tax expense (Note 4)
      (1,193 )     (977 )     (978 )
Net income
    $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
Earnings per share (Note 5)
                         
Basic
    $ 3.86     $ 3.10     $ 3.08  
Diluted
    $ 3.85     $ 3.09     $ 3.06  
Weighted-average number of shares (Note 5)
                         
Basic
      819.9       843.1       871.1  
Diluted
      823.5       846.1       875.4  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 

 
58
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Net income
    $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
Other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 15)
                         
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency translation
      75       46       (5 )
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit plans (Note 12)
    (995 )     1,775       (540 )
Amortization of gain on treasury lock
      (1 )     -       -  
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes
      (921 )     1,821       (545 )
Income tax recovery (expense)
      344       (414 )     127  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
      (577 )     1,407       (418 )
Comprehensive income
    $ 2,590     $ 4,019     $ 2,262  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
59
 
 

 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Assets
             
               
Current assets
             
Cash and cash equivalents
    $ 52     $ 214  
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (Note 10)
      463       448  
Accounts receivable (Note 6)
      928       815  
Material and supplies
      335       274  
Deferred and receivable income taxes (Note 4)
      163       137  
Other
      125       89  
Total current assets
      2,066       1,977  
                   
Properties (Note 7)
      28,514       26,227  
Pension asset (Note 12)
      882       1,662  
Intangible and other assets (Note 8)
      330       297  
Total assets
    $ 31,792     $ 30,163  
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
                 
                   
Current liabilities
                 
Accounts payable and other (Note 9)
    $ 1,657     $ 1,477  
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 10)
      544       1,021  
Total current liabilities
      2,201       2,498  
                   
Deferred income taxes (Note 4)
      6,902       6,537  
Other liabilities and deferred credits (Note 11)
      704       815  
Pension and other postretirement benefits (Note 12)
      650       541  
Long-term debt (Note 10)
      7,865       6,819  
                   
Shareholders’ equity
                 
Common shares (Note 13)
      3,718       3,795  
Additional paid-in capital (Note 13)
      439       220  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 15)
      (2,427 )     (1,850 )
Retained earnings
      11,740       10,788  
Total shareholders’ equity
      13,470       12,953  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
    $ 31,792     $ 30,163  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

On behalf of the Board:

Robert Pace
Claude Mongeau
   
Director
Director


60
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

   
Issued and
   
Common
   
Accumulated
             
   
outstanding
   
shares and
   
other
         
Total
 
common shares
   
additional
   
comprehensive
   
Retained
   
shareholders’
 
In millions
 
(Note 13)
   
paid-in capital
   
loss
   
earnings
   
equity
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
    884.2     $ 4,141     $ (2,839 )   $ 9,378     $ 10,680  
                                         
Net income
                            2,680       2,680  
Stock-based compensation and other (Notes 13, 14)
    6.4       128                       128  
Share repurchase programs (Note 13)
    (33.8 )     (161 )             (1,239 )     (1,400 )
Other comprehensive loss (Note 15)
                    (418 )             (418 )
Dividends ($0.75 per share)
                            (652 )     (652 )
Balance at December 31, 2012
    856.8       4,108       (3,257 )     10,167       11,018  
                                         
Net income
                            2,612       2,612  
Stock-based compensation and other (Notes 13, 14)
    1.4       40                       40  
Share repurchase programs (Note 13)
    (27.6 )     (133 )             (1,267 )     (1,400 )
Other comprehensive income (Note 15)
                    1,407               1,407  
Dividends ($0.86 per share)
                            (724 )     (724 )
Balance at December 31, 2013
    830.6       4,015       (1,850 )     10,788       12,953  
                                         
Net income
                            3,167       3,167  
Stock-based compensation and other (Notes 13, 14)
    1.2       250                       250  
Share repurchase programs (Note 13)
    (22.4 )     (108 )             (1,397 )     (1,505 )
Other comprehensive loss (Note 15)
                    (577 )             (577 )
Dividends ($1.00 per share)
                            (818 )     (818 )
Balance at December 31, 2014
    809.4     $ 4,157     $ (2,427 )   $ 11,740     $ 13,470  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
61
 
 

 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Operating activities
                   
Net income
    $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
      1,050       980       924  
Deferred income taxes (Note 4)
      416       331       451  
Gain on disposal of property (Note 3)
      (80 )     (69 )     (281 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                         
Accounts receivable
      (59 )     32       (20 )
Material and supplies
      (51 )     (38 )     (30 )
Accounts payable and other
      -       (245 )     129  
Other current assets
      5       13       (13 )
Pensions and other, net
      (67 )     (68 )     (780 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
      4,381       3,548       3,060  
Investing activities
                         
Property additions
      (2,297 )     (1,973 )     (1,731 )
Disposal of property (Note 3)
      173       52       311  
Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents
      (15 )     73       (22 )
Other, net
      (37 )     (4 )     21  
Net cash used in investing activities
      (2,176 )     (1,852 )     (1,421 )
Financing activities
                         
Issuance of debt (Note 10)
      1,022       1,582       493  
Repayment of debt (Note 10)
      (822 )     (1,413 )     (58 )
Net issuance (repayment) of commercial paper (Note 10)
      (277 )     268       (82 )
Issuance of common shares due to exercise of stock options and related excess tax benefits realized (Note 14)
      30       31       117  
Repurchase of common shares (Note 13)
      (1,505 )     (1,400 )     (1,400 )
Dividends paid
      (818 )     (724 )     (652 )
Net cash used in financing activities
      (2,370 )     (1,656 )     (1,582 )
Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on US dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents
    3       19       (3 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
      (162 )     59       54  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
      214       155       101  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
    $ 52     $ 214     $ 155  
Supplemental cash flow information
                         
Net cash receipts from customers and other
    $ 12,029     $ 10,640     $ 9,877  
Net cash payments for:
                         
Employee services, suppliers and other expenses
      (6,333 )     (5,558 )     (5,241 )
Interest
      (409 )     (344 )     (364 )
Personal injury and other claims (Note 16)
      (57 )     (61 )     (79 )
Pensions (Note 12)
      (127 )     (239 )     (844 )
Income taxes (Note 4)
      (722 )     (890 )     (289 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    $ 4,381     $ 3,548     $ 3,060  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 

62
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Canadian National Railway Company, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively “CN” or “the Company,” is engaged in the rail and related transportation business. CN spans Canada and mid-America, from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to the Gulf of Mexico, serving the ports of Vancouver, Prince Rupert (British Columbia), Montreal, Halifax, New Orleans and Mobile (Alabama), and the key metropolitan areas of Toronto, Buffalo, Chicago, Detroit, Duluth (Minnesota)/Superior (Wisconsin), Green Bay (Wisconsin), Minneapolis/St. Paul, Memphis, and Jackson (Mississippi), with connections to all points in North America. CN’s freight revenues are derived from the movement of a diversified and balanced portfolio of goods, including petroleum and chemicals, grain and fertilizers, coal, metals and minerals, forest products, intermodal and automotive.


1  Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

These consolidated financial statements are expressed in Canadian dollars, except where otherwise indicated, and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC).

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Employee Benefit Plan Trusts (the “Share Trusts”) as the Company funds and directs the activities of the Share Trusts. The Company’s investments in which it has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method and all other investments are accounted for using the cost method.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates, including those related to income taxes, depreciation, pensions and other postretirement benefits, personal injury and other claims, and environmental matters, based upon available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Revenues

Freight revenues are recognized using the percentage of completed service method based on the transit time of freight as it moves from origin to destination. The allocation of revenues between reporting periods is based on the relative transit time in each period with expenses being recorded as incurred. Revenues related to non-rail transportation services are recognized as service is performed or as contractual obligations are met. Revenues are presented net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.

Income taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, the change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in the computation of Net income or Other comprehensive income (loss). Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding over each period. The weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding excludes shares held in the Share Trusts and includes fully vested equity settled stock-based compensation awards excluding stock options. Diluted earnings per share are calculated based on the weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Included in the diluted earnings per share calculation are the assumed issuances of non-vested stock-based compensation awards.

Foreign currency

All of the Company’s operations in the United States (U.S.) are foreign entities with the US dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, the U.S. operations’ assets and liabilities are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate in effect at the balance sheet date and the revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. All adjustments resulting from the translation of the foreign operations are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company designates the US dollar-denominated long-term debt of the parent company as a foreign currency hedge of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries. Accordingly, foreign exchange gains and losses, from the dates of designation, on the translation of the US dollar-denominated long-term debt are also included in Other comprehensive income (loss).

 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
63
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
1
Summary of significant accounting policies continued

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments purchased three months or less from maturity and are stated at cost, which approximates market value.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents

The Company has the option, under its bilateral letter of credit facility agreements with various banks, to pledge collateral in the form of cash and cash equivalents for a minimum term of one month, equal to at least the face value of the letters of credit issued. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are shown separately on the balance sheet and include highly liquid investments purchased three months or less from maturity and are stated at cost, which approximates market value.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at cost net of billing adjustments and an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on expected collectability and considers historical experience as well as known trends or uncertainties related to account collectability. When a receivable is deemed uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to bad debt expense in Casualty and other in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Material and supplies

Material and supplies, which consist mainly of rail, ties, and other items for construction and maintenance of property and equipment, as well as diesel fuel, are valued at weighted-average cost.

Properties

Accounting policy for capitalization of costs

The Company’s railroad operations are highly capital intensive. The Company’s properties mainly consist of homogeneous or network-type assets such as rail, ties, ballast and other structures, which form the Company’s Track and roadway properties, and Rolling stock. The Company’s capital expenditures are for the replacement of existing assets and for the purchase or construction of new assets to enhance operations or provide new service offerings to customers. A large portion of the Company’s capital expenditures are for self-constructed properties including the replacement of existing track and roadway assets and track line expansion, as well as major overhauls and large refurbishments of rolling stock.

Expenditures are generally capitalized if they extend the life of the asset or provide future benefits such as increased revenue-generating capacity, functionality, or physical or service capacity. The Company has a process in place to determine whether its capital programs qualify for capitalization. For Track and roadway properties, the Company establishes basic capital programs to replace or upgrade the track infrastructure assets which are capitalized if they meet the capitalization criteria.

In addition, for Track and roadway properties, expenditures that meet the minimum level of activity as defined by the Company are also capitalized as follows:
 
 
Grading: installation of road bed, retaining walls, drainage structures;

 
Rail and related track material: installation of 39 or more continuous feet of rail;

 
Ties: installation of 5 or more ties per 39 feet;

 
Ballast: installation of 171 cubic yards of ballast per mile.

For purchased assets, the Company capitalizes all costs necessary to make the asset ready for its intended use. Expenditures that are capitalized as part of self-constructed properties include direct material, labor, and contracted services, as well as other allocated costs which are not charged directly to capital projects. These allocated costs include, but are not limited to, fringe benefits, small tools and supplies, maintenance on equipment used on projects and project supervision. The Company reviews and adjusts its allocations, as required, to reflect the actual costs incurred each year.

For the rail asset, the Company capitalizes the costs of rail grinding which consists of restoring and improving the rail profile and removing irregularities from worn rail to extend the service life. The service life of the rail asset is increased incrementally as rail grinding is performed thereon, and as such, the costs incurred are capitalized given that the activity extends the service life of the rail asset beyond its original or current condition as additional gross tons can be carried over the rail for its remaining service life.

For the ballast asset, the Company engages in shoulder ballast undercutting that consists of removing some or all of the ballast, which has deteriorated over its service life, and replacing it with new ballast. When ballast is installed as part of a shoulder ballast undercutting project, it represents the addition of a new asset and not the repair or maintenance of an existing asset. As such, the Company capitalizes expenditures related to shoulder ballast undercutting given that an existing asset is retired and replaced with a new asset. Under the group method of accounting for properties, the deteriorated ballast is retired at its average cost measured using the quantities of new ballast added.

Costs of deconstruction and removal of replaced assets, referred to herein as dismantling costs, are distinguished from installation costs for self-constructed properties based on the nature of the related activity. For Track and roadway properties, employees concurrently perform dismantling and installation of new track and roadway assets and, as such, the Company estimates the amount of labor and other costs that are related to dismantling. The Company determines dismantling costs based on an analysis of the track and roadway installation process.
 

64
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
Expenditures relating to the Company’s properties that do not meet the Company’s capitalization criteria are considered normal repairs and maintenance and are expensed. For Track and roadway properties, such expenditures include but are not limited to spot tie replacement, spot or broken rail replacement, physical track inspection for detection of rail defects and minor track corrections, and other general maintenance of track infrastructure.

Accounting policy for depreciation

Railroad properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation including asset impairment write-downs. The cost of properties, including those under capital leases, net of asset impairment write-downs, is depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated service lives, measured in years, except for rail which is measured in millions of gross ton miles. The Company follows the group method of depreciation whereby a single composite depreciation rate is applied to the gross investment in a class of similar assets, despite small differences in the service life or salvage value of individual property units within the same asset class. The Company uses approximately 40 different depreciable asset classes.

For all depreciable assets, the depreciation rate is based on the estimated service lives of the assets. Assessing the reasonableness of the estimated service lives of properties requires judgment and is based on currently available information, including periodic depreciation studies conducted by the Company. The Company’s U.S. properties are subject to comprehensive depreciation studies as required by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and are conducted by external experts. Depreciation studies for Canadian properties are not required by regulation and are conducted internally. Studies are performed on specific asset groups on a periodic basis. Changes in the estimated service lives of the assets and their related composite depreciation rates are implemented prospectively.

The service life of the rail asset is based on expected future usage of the rail in its existing condition, determined using railroad industry research and testing (based on rail characteristics such as weight, curvature and metallurgy), less the rail asset’s usage to date. The annual composite depreciation rate for rail assets is determined by dividing the estimated annual number of gross tons carried over the rail by the estimated service life of the rail measured in millions of gross ton miles. The Company amortizes the cost of rail grinding over the remaining life of the rail asset, which includes the incremental life extension generated by rail grinding.
 
Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist mainly of customer contracts and relationships assumed through past acquisitions and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 40 to 50 years.

The Company reviews the carrying amounts of intangible assets held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable based on future undiscounted cash flows. Assets that are deemed impaired as a result of such review are recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value.

Accounts receivable securitization

The Company accounts for its accounts receivable securitization program under FASB ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing. Based on the structure of the program, the Company accounts for the proceeds as a secured borrowing.

Pensions

Pension costs are determined using actuarial methods. Net periodic benefit cost is charged to income and includes:

(a)
the cost of pension benefits provided in exchange for employees’ services rendered during the year;

(b)
the interest cost of pension obligations;

(c)
the expected long-term return on pension fund assets;

(d)
the amortization of prior service costs and amendments over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans; and

(e)
the amortization of cumulative net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the beginning of year balances of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets, over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plans.

The pension plans are funded through contributions determined in accordance with the projected unit credit actuarial cost method.

Postretirement benefits other than pensions

The Company accrues the cost of postretirement benefits other than pensions using actuarial methods. These benefits, which are funded as they become due, include life insurance programs, medical benefits and, for a closed group of employees, free rail travel benefits.

The Company amortizes the cumulative net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the projected benefit obligation at the beginning of the year, over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group covered by the plan.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
65
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


1
Summary of significant accounting policies continued

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation costs are determined using a fair value based approach and are charged to income over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award (requisite service period). For cash settled awards, stock-based compensation costs are accrued over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the awards at period-end. For equity settled awards, stock-based compensation costs are accrued over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the awards at grant date. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of performance share unit (PSU) awards is determined using a lattice-based model. The fair value of deferred share unit (DSU) awards is determined using an intrinsic value model.

Personal injury and other claims

In Canada, the Company accounts for costs related to employee work-related injuries based on actuarially developed estimates on a discounted basis of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs.

In the U.S., the Company accrues the expected cost for personal injury, property damage and occupational disease claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost on an undiscounted basis.

For all other legal actions in Canada and the U.S., the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.

Environmental expenditures

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations, or to an existing condition caused by past operations, are expensed unless they can contribute to current or future operations. Environmental liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments occur, remedial efforts are probable, and when the costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated. The Company accrues its allocable share of liability taking into account the Company’s alleged responsibility, the number of potentially responsible parties and their ability to pay their respective shares of the liability. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as assets when their receipt is deemed probable and collectability is reasonably assured.
 
Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments from time to time in the management of its interest rate and foreign currency exposures. Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are recorded in Net income or Other comprehensive income (loss) depending on the nature and effectiveness of the hedge transaction. Income and expense related to hedged derivative financial instruments are recorded in the same category as that generated by the underlying asset or liability.
 
2  Recent accounting pronouncement

On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which establishes principles for reporting the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to represent the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This standard is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance within U.S. GAAP. Early adoption is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements, related disclosures, as well as which transition method to apply. The Company does not expect a significant impact from the adoption of this standard.

 
66
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
3  Other income

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Gain on disposal of property (1)
  $ 99     $ 64     $ 295  
Gain on disposal of land
    21       19       20  
Other (2)
      (13 )     (10 )     -  
Total other income
  $ 107     $ 73     $ 315  

(1)
In addition to the disposals of property described herein, 2014 includes other gains of $19 million; 2013 includes other losses of $5 million; and 2012 includes other gains of $14 million.
(2)
Includes foreign exchange gains and losses.

Disposal of property
2014

Guelph

On September 4, 2014, the Company closed a transaction with Metrolinx to sell a segment of the Guelph subdivision located between Georgetown and Kitchener, Ontario, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements (collectively the “Guelph”), for cash proceeds of $76 million before transaction costs. The Company did not meet all the conditions to record the sale under the full accrual method for real estate transactions as it continues to have substantial continuing involvement on the Guelph. The Company will have relinquished substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership on the Guelph in 2018, at which time the gain on the sale is expected to be recognized.

Deux-Montagnes

On February 28, 2014, the Company closed a transaction with Agence Métropolitaine de Transport to sell the Deux-Montagnes subdivision between Saint-Eustache and Montreal, Quebec, including the Mont-Royal tunnel, together with the rail fixtures (collectively the “Deux-Montagnes”), for cash proceeds of $97 million before transaction costs. Under the agreement, the Company obtained the perpetual right to operate freight trains over the Deux-Montagnes at its then current level of operating activity, with the possibility of increasing its operating activity for additional consideration. The transaction resulted in a gain on disposal of $80 million ($72 million after-tax) that was recorded in Other income under the full accrual method of accounting for real estate transactions.
 
2013

Exchange of easements

On June 8, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with another Class I railroad to exchange perpetual railroad operating easements including the track and roadway assets on specific rail lines (collectively the “exchange of easements”) without monetary consideration. The Company accounted for the exchange of easements at fair value pursuant to FASB ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions. The transaction resulted in a gain on exchange of easements of $29 million ($18 million after-tax) that was recorded in Other income.

Lakeshore West

On March 19, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Metrolinx to sell a segment of the Oakville subdivision in Oakville and Burlington, Ontario, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements (collectively the “Lakeshore West”), for cash proceeds of $52 million before transaction costs. Under the agreement, the Company obtained the perpetual right to operate freight trains over the Lakeshore West at its then current level of operating activity, with the possibility of increasing its operating activity for additional consideration. The transaction resulted in a gain on disposal of $40 million ($36 million after-tax) that was recorded in Other income under the full accrual method of accounting for real estate transactions.

2012

Bala-Oakville

On March 23, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement with Metrolinx to sell a segment of the Bala and a segment of the Oakville subdivisions in Toronto, Ontario, together with the rail fixtures and certain passenger agreements (collectively the “Bala-Oakville”), for cash proceeds of $311 million before transaction costs. Under the agreement, the Company obtained the perpetual right to operate freight trains over the Bala-Oakville at its then current level of operating activity, with the possibility of increasing its operating activity for additional consideration. The transaction resulted in a gain on disposal of $281 million ($252 million after-tax) that was recorded in Other income under the full accrual method of accounting for real estate transactions.


Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
67
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
4  Income taxes

As at December 31, 2014, Deferred and receivable income taxes include a net deferred income tax asset of $68 million ($74 million as at December 31, 2013) and an income tax receivable of $95 million ($63 million as at December 31, 2013).

The Company’s consolidated effective income tax rate differs from the Canadian, or domestic, statutory federal tax rate. The effective tax rate is affected by recurring items such as tax rates in provincial, U.S. federal, state and other foreign jurisdictions and the proportion of income earned in those jurisdictions. The effective tax rate is also affected by discrete items such as income tax rate enactments and lower tax rates on capital dispositions that may occur in any given year.

The following table provides a reconciliation of income tax expense:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Canadian statutory federal tax rate
    15.0%       15.0%       15.0%  
Income tax expense at the
                       
Canadian statutory federal tax rate
  $ 654     $ 538     $ 549  
Income tax expense (recovery) resulting from:
                       
Provincial and foreign taxes (1)
    531       423       425  
Deferred income tax adjustments due to rate enactments (2)
    -       24       35  
Gain on disposals (3)
    (19 )     (9 )     (44 )
Other (4)
      27       1       13  
Income tax expense
  $ 1,193     $ 977     $ 978  
Cash payments for income taxes
  $ 722     $ 890     $ 289  

(1)
Includes mainly Canadian provincial taxes and U.S. federal and state taxes.
(2)
Includes the net income tax expense resulting from the enactment of provincial and state corporate tax rates.
(3)
Relates to the permanent differences arising from lower capital gain tax rates on the gain on disposal of the Company’s properties in Canada.
(4)
Includes adjustments relating to the resolution of matters pertaining to prior years’ income taxes, including net recognized tax benefits, and other items.

The following table provides tax information on a domestic and foreign basis:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Income before income taxes
                 
Domestic
    $ 3,042     $ 2,445     $ 2,656  
Foreign
      1,318       1,144       1,002  
Total income before income taxes
  $ 4,360     $ 3,589     $ 3,658  
Current income tax expense
                       
Domestic
    $ 522     $ 404     $ 314  
Foreign
      255       242       213  
Total current income tax expense
  $ 777     $ 646     $ 527  
Deferred income tax expense
                       
Domestic
    $ 271     $ 279     $ 370  
Foreign
      145       52       81  
Total deferred income tax expense
  $ 416     $ 331     $ 451  
 
The following table provides the significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities:

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Deferred income tax assets
             
Pension liability
    $ 120     $ 89  
Personal injury and legal claims
      60       64  
Environmental and other reserves
      173       171  
Other postretirement benefits liability
      80       77  
Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards (1)
    20       19  
Total deferred income tax assets
    $ 453     $ 420  
Deferred income tax liabilities
                 
Properties
    $ 6,946     $ 6,232  
Pension asset
      232       438  
Other
      109       213  
Total deferred income tax liabilities
    $ 7,287     $ 6,883  
Total net deferred income tax liability
    $ 6,834     $ 6,463  
Total net deferred income tax liability
               
Domestic
    $ 2,841     $ 2,920  
Foreign
      3,993       3,543  
Total net deferred income tax liability
    $ 6,834     $ 6,463  
Total net deferred income tax liability
    $ 6,834     $ 6,463  
Net current deferred income tax asset
      68       74  
Net noncurrent deferred income tax liability
  $ 6,902     $ 6,537  

(1)
Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards will expire between the years 2017 and 2034.

On an annual basis, the Company assesses the need to establish a valuation allowance for its deferred income tax assets, and if it is deemed more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, the available carryback and carryforward periods, and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. As at December 31, 2014, in order to fully realize all of the deferred income tax assets, the Company will need to generate future taxable income of approximately $1.7 billion and, based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. Management has assessed the impacts of the current economic environment and concluded there are no significant impacts to its assertions for the realization of deferred income tax assets. The Company has not recognized a deferred income tax asset of $158 million as at December 31, 2014 ($243 million as at December 31, 2013) on the unrealized foreign exchange loss recorded in Accumulated
 

68
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


other comprehensive loss relating to its net investment in foreign subsidiaries, as the Company does not expect this temporary difference to reverse in the foreseeable future.

The following table provides a reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits on the Company’s domestic and foreign tax positions:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year
  $ 30     $ 36     $ 46  
Increases for:
                         
Tax positions related to the current year
    3       2       1  
Tax positions related to prior years
    3       4       3  
Decreases for:
                         
Tax positions related to prior years
    -       (4 )     -  
Settlements
      -       (8 )     (13 )
Lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
    (1 )     -       (1 )
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year
  $ 35     $ 30     $ 36  
Adjustments to reflect tax treaties and other arrangements
    (6 )     (5 )     (6 )
Net unrecognized tax benefits at end of year
  $ 29     $ 25     $ 30  

As at December 31, 2014, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $35 million, before considering tax treaties and other arrangements between taxation authorities. The amount of net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 was $29 million. If recognized, all of the net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 would affect the effective tax rate. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that approximately $10 million of the net unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2014 related to various federal, state, and provincial income tax matters, each of which are individually insignificant, may be recognized over the next twelve months as a result of settlements and a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits in Income tax expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company recognized approximately $1 million, $2 million and $3 million in accrued interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company had approximately $6 million and $5 million of accrued interest and penalties as at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

In Canada, the Company’s federal and provincial income tax returns filed for the years 2008 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. An examination of the Company’s federal income tax returns for the years 2010 and 2011 is currently in progress and is expected to be completed during 2015. In the U.S., the federal income tax returns filed for the years 2007 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities, and the state income tax returns filed for the years 2009 to 2013 remain subject to examination by the taxation authorities. An examination of the federal income tax returns for the years 2007 to 2011 is currently in progress. Examinations of certain state income tax returns by the state taxation authorities are currently in progress. The Company does not anticipate any significant impacts to its results of operations or financial position as a result of the final resolutions of such matters.
 
5  Earnings per share

The following table provides a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share:

In millions, except per share data
                 
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Net income
  $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
                         
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding
    819.9       843.1       871.1  
Effect of stock-based compensation
    3.6       3.0       4.3  
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
    823.5       846.1       875.4  
Basic earnings per share
  $ 3.86     $ 3.10     $ 3.08  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 3.85     $ 3.09     $ 3.06  


6  Accounts receivable

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Freight
    $ 777     $ 675  
Non-freight
      160       147  
Gross accounts receivable
      937       822  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
      (9 )     (7 )
Net accounts receivable
    $ 928     $ 815  
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
69
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
7  Properties

         
December 31, 2014
         
December 31, 2013
       
   
Depreciation
         
Accumulated
               
Accumulated
       
In millions
 
rate
   
Cost
   
depreciation
   
Net
   
Cost
   
depreciation
   
Net
 
Properties including capital leases
                                         
Track and roadway (1)
    2 %   $ 29,995     $ 7,332     $ 22,663     $ 27,833     $ 7,103     $ 20,730  
Rolling stock
    5 %     5,552       2,107       3,445       5,193       1,894       3,299  
Buildings
    2 %     1,545       560       985       1,392       521       871  
Information technology (2)
    11 %     1,068       492       576       1,000       455       545  
Other
    5 %     1,549       704       845       1,388       606       782  
Total properties including capital leases
          $ 39,709     $ 11,195     $ 28,514     $ 36,806     $ 10,579     $ 26,227  
Capital leases included in properties
                                                       
Track and roadway (3)
          $ 417     $ 63     $ 354     $ 417     $ 58     $ 359  
Rolling stock
            808       292       516       982       358       624  
Buildings
            109       23       86       109       21       88  
Other
            108       29       79       102       22       80  
Total capital leases included in properties
          $ 1,442     $ 407     $ 1,035     $ 1,610     $ 459     $ 1,151  

(1)
Includes $2,079 million and $1,911 million of land as at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(2)
The Company capitalized $102 million in 2014 and $85 million in 2013 of internally developed software costs pursuant to FASB ASC 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, Internal – Use Software.
(3)
Includes $108 million of right-of-way access in both years.
 
 
8  Intangible and other assets                                                                         

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Deferred and long-term receivables
    $ 141     $ 109  
Intangible assets
      62       59  
Investments (1) (2)
      58       57  
Other
      69       72  
Total intangible and other assets
    $ 330     $ 297  

(1)
As at December 31, 2014, the Company had $47 million ($46 million as at December 31, 2013) of investments accounted for under the equity method and $11 million ($11 million as at December 31, 2013) of investments accounted for under the cost method.
(2)
See Note 17 – Financial instruments, for the fair value of Investments.


9 Accounts payable and other

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
Trade payables
    $ 464     $ 408  
Payroll-related accruals
      317       351  
Income and other taxes
      208       96  
Accrued charges
      166       156  
Stock-based compensation liability (Note 14)
    106       80  
Accrued interest
      95       125  
Personal injury and other claims provisions (Note 16)
    48       45  
Environmental provisions (Note 16)
      45       41  
Other postretirement benefits liability (Note 12)
    17       18  
Other
      191       157  
Total accounts payable and other
    $ 1,657     $ 1,477  
 
 
70
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
10 Long-term debt

       
Outstanding
             
       
US dollar-
             
       
denominated
   
December 31,
 
In millions
   
Maturity
amount
   
2014
   
2013
 
                       
Notes and debentures (1)
                     
                       
Canadian National series:
                     
  4.95 %
6-year notes (2)
Jan. 15, 2014
US$
    -     $ -     $ 346  
  -  
2-year floating rate notes (3)
Nov. 6, 2015
      350       406       372  
  5.80 %
10-year notes (2)
June 1, 2016
      250       290       266  
  1.45 %
5-year notes (2)
Dec. 15, 2016
      300       348       319  
  -  
3-year floating rate notes (3)
Nov. 14, 2017
      250       290       -  
  5.85 %
10-year notes (2)
Nov. 15, 2017
      250       290       266  
  5.55 %
10-year notes (2)
May 15, 2018
      325       377       346  
  6.80 %
20-year notes (2)
July 15, 2018
      200       232       213  
  5.55 %
10-year notes (2)
Mar. 1, 2019
      550       638       585  
  2.75 %
7-year notes (2)
Feb. 18, 2021
              250       -  
  2.85 %
10-year notes (2)
Dec. 15, 2021
      400       464       425  
  2.25 %
10-year notes (2)
Nov. 15, 2022
      250       290       266  
  7.63 %
30-year debentures
May 15, 2023
      150       174       159  
  2.95 %
10-year notes (2)
Nov. 21, 2024
      350       406       -  
  6.90 %
30-year notes (2)
July 15, 2028
      475       551       505  
  7.38 %
30-year debentures (2)
Oct. 15, 2031
      200       232       213  
  6.25 %
30-year notes (2)
Aug. 1, 2034
      500       581       532  
  6.20 %
30-year notes (2)
June 1, 2036
      450       522       479  
  6.71 %
Puttable Reset Securities PURSSM (2)
July 15, 2036
      250       290       266  
  6.38 %
30-year debentures (2)
Nov. 15, 2037
      300       348       319  
  3.50 %
30-year notes (2)
Nov. 15, 2042
      250       290       266  
  4.50 %
30-year notes (2)
Nov. 7, 2043
      250       290       266  
Illinois Central series:
                           
  5.00 %
99-year income debentures
Dec. 1, 2056
      -       -       7  
  7.70 %
100-year debentures
Sep. 15, 2096
      125       145       133  
BC Rail series:
                           
Non-interest bearing 90-year subordinated notes (4)
July 14, 2094
              842       842  
Total notes and debentures
 
US$
    6,425     $ 8,546     $ 7,391  
                                 
Other
                               
Commercial paper
                -       273  
Accounts receivable securitization
                50       250  
Capital lease obligations
                670       783  
Total debt, gross
                9,266       8,697  
Less: Net unamortized discount
                857       857  
Total debt (5)
                    8,409       7,840  
Less: Current portion of long-term debt
                544       1,021  
Total long-term debt
              $ 7,865     $ 6,819  

(1)
The Company’s notes, debentures and revolving credit facility are unsecured.
(2)
The fixed rate debt securities are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, at any time, at the greater of par and a formula price based on interest rates prevailing at the time of redemption.
(3)
These 2-year and 3-year floating rate notes bear interest at the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 0.20% and LIBOR plus 0.17%, respectively. The interest rate on the 2-year floating rate notes as at December 31, 2014 was 0.43% (0.44% as at December 31, 2013). The interest rate on the 3-year floating rate notes issued in 2014 was 0.40%.
(4)
The Company records these notes as a discounted debt of $9 million, using an imputed interest rate of 5.75%. The discount of $833 million is included in the net unamortized discount.
(5)
See Note 17 – Financial instruments, for the fair value of debt.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
71
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
10 Long-term debt  continued

Revolving credit facility

The Company has an $800 million revolving credit facility agreement with a consortium of lenders. The agreement, which contains customary terms and conditions, allows for an increase in the facility amount, up to a maximum of $1.3 billion, as well as the option to extend the term by an additional year at each anniversary date, subject to the consent of individual lenders. The Company exercised such option and on March 14, 2014, the expiry date of the agreement was extended by one year to May 5, 2019. The credit facility is available for general corporate purposes, including back-stopping the Company’s commercial paper program, and provides for borrowings at various interest rates, including the Canadian prime rate, bankers’ acceptance rates, the U.S. federal funds effective rate and the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), plus applicable margins. The credit facility agreement has one financial covenant, which limits debt as a percentage of total capitalization, and with which the Company is in compliance. As at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit facility and there were no draws during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

Commercial paper

The Company has a commercial paper program, which is backstopped by its revolving credit facility, enabling it to issue commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $800 million, or the US dollar equivalent. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had no commercial paper borrowings ($273 million at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.14% as at December 31, 2013) presented in Current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company’s commercial paper has a maturity less than 90 days.

The following table presents the issuances and repayments of commercial paper:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Issuances of commercial paper
  $ 2,443     $ 3,255     $ 1,861  
Repayments of commercial paper
    (2,720 )     (2,987 )     (1,943 )
Net issuance (repayment) of commercial paper
  $ (277 )   $ 268     $ (82 )
 

Accounts receivable securitization program

The Company has an agreement to sell an undivided co-ownership interest in a revolving pool of accounts receivable to unrelated trusts for maximum cash proceeds of $450 million. On July 23, 2014, the expiry date of the agreement was extended by one year to February 1, 2017.

As at December 31, 2014, the Company recorded $50 million ($250 million as at December 31, 2013) of proceeds received under the accounts receivable securitization program in the Current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.24% (1.18% as at December 31, 2013) which is secured by and limited to $56 million ($281 million as at December 31, 2013) of accounts receivable.

Bilateral letter of credit facilities

The Company has a series of bilateral letter of credit facility agreements with various banks to support its requirements to post letters of credit in the ordinary course of business. On March 14, 2014, the expiry date of these agreements was extended by one year to April 28, 2017. Under these agreements, the Company has the option from time to time to pledge collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, for a minimum term of one month, equal to at least the face value of the letters of credit issued. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had letters of credit drawn of $487 million ($481 million as at December 31, 2013) from a total committed amount of $511 million ($503 million as at December 31, 2013) by the various banks. As at December 31, 2014, cash and cash equivalents of $463 million ($448 million as at December 31, 2013) were pledged as collateral and recorded as Restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Capital lease obligations

During 2014, the Company had no acquisitions of assets through equipment leases ($44 million in 2013 for which an equivalent amount was recorded in debt).

Interest rates for capital lease obligations range from 0.7% to 8.5% with maturity dates in the years 2015 through 2037. The imputed interest on these leases amounted to $145 million as at December 31, 2014 and $209 million as at December 31, 2013.

The capital lease obligations are secured by properties with a net carrying amount of $668 million as at December 31, 2014 and $779 million as at December 31, 2013.
 

72
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Long-term debt maturities

The following table provides the long-term debt maturities, including capital lease repayments on debt outstanding as at December 31, 2014, for the next five years and thereafter:

   
Capital
             
In millions
 
leases
   
Debt
   
Total
 
                         
2015(1)
  $ 88     $ 456     $ 544  
2016
    311       634       945  
2017
    152       577       729  
2018
    8       606       614  
2019
    8       636       644  
2020 and thereafter
    103       4,830       4,933  
Total
  $ 670     $ 7,739     $ 8,409  

(1) 
Current portion of long-term debt.

Amount of US dollar-denominated debt

In millions
December 31,
2014
   
2013
 
                 
Notes and debentures
 
US $
6,425    
US $
6,157  
Capital lease obligations
    448       573  
Total amount of US dollar-denominated debt in US$
 
US $
6,873    
US $
6,730  
Total amount of US dollar-denominated debt in C$
  $ 7,973      $ 7,158  

 
11 Other liabilities and deferred credits

In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
 
             
Personal injury and other claims provisions, net of current portion (Note 16)
    $ 250     $ 271  
Stock-based compensation liability, net of current portion (Note 14)
      91       240  
Environmental provisions, net of current portion (Note 16)
      69       78  
Deferred credits and other
      294       226  
Total other liabilities and deferred credits
    $ 704     $ 815  


12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits

The Company has various retirement benefit plans under which substantially all of its employees are entitled to benefits at retirement age, generally based on compensation and length of service and/or contributions. Senior and executive management employees (“executive employees”) subject to certain minimum service and age requirements, are also eligible for an additional retirement benefit under their Special Retirement Stipend Agreements (SRS), the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) or the Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (DC SERP). Current or former executive employees who breach the non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disclosure of confidential information conditions of the SRS, SERP or DC SERP plans will forfeit the retirement benefit under these plans. Should the Company reasonably determine that a current or former executive employee may have violated the conditions of their SRS, SERP, or DC SERP plan, the Company may at its discretion withhold or suspend payout of the retirement benefit pending resolution of such matter.

On February 4, 2013, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer (COO) resigned to join the Company’s major competitor in Canada. As a result, compensation amounts accumulated under the non-registered pension plans subject to non-compete and non-solicitation agreements were forfeited. The Company has recorded an actuarial gain related to the amounts forfeited. In 2012, the Company cancelled the $1.5 million annual retirement benefit otherwise due to its former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) after determining that the former CEO was likely in breach of the non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disclosure of confidential information conditions contained in the former CEO’s employment agreement. The Company recorded a settlement gain of $20 million from the termination of the former CEO’s retirement benefit plan for the period beyond June 28, 2012, which was partially offset by the recognition of past accumulated actuarial losses of approximately $4 million. In February 2013, the Company entered into confidential agreements to settle these matters.

The Company also offers postretirement benefits to certain employees providing life insurance, medical benefits and, for a closed group of employees, free rail travel benefits during retirement. These postretirement benefits are funded as they become due. The information in the tables that follow pertains to all of the Company’s defined benefit plans. However, the following descriptions relate solely to the Company’s main pension plan, the CN Pension Plan, unless otherwise specified.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
73
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits continued

Description of the CN Pension Plan

The CN Pension Plan is a contributory defined benefit pension plan that covers the majority of CN employees. It provides for pensions based mainly on years of service and final average pensionable earnings and is generally applicable from the first day of employment. Indexation of pensions is provided after retirement through a gain/loss sharing mechanism, subject to guaranteed minimum increases. An independent trust company is the Trustee of the Company’s pension trust funds (including the CN Pension Trust Fund). As Trustee, the trust company performs certain duties, which include holding legal title to the assets of the CN Pension Trust Fund and ensuring that the Company, as Administrator, complies with the provisions of the CN Pension Plan and the related legislation. The Company utilizes a measurement date of December 31 for the CN Pension Plan.

Funding policy

Employee contributions to the CN Pension Plan are determined by the plan rules. Company contributions are in accordance with the requirements of the Government of Canada legislation, the Pension Benefits Standards Act, 1985, including amendments and regulations thereto, and such contributions follow minimum and maximum thresholds as determined by actuarial valuations. Actuarial valuations are generally required on an annual basis for all Canadian plans, or when deemed appropriate by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. These actuarial valuations are prepared in accordance with legislative requirements and with the recommendations of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries for the valuation of pension plans. The Company’s most recently filed actuarial valuations conducted as at December 31, 2013 indicated a funding excess on a going-concern basis of approximately $1.6 billion and a funding deficit on a solvency basis of approximately $1.7 billion calculated using the three-year average of the plans’ hypothetical wind-up ratio in accordance with the Pension Benefit Standards Regulations, 1985. The Company’s next actuarial valuations required as at December 31, 2014 will be performed in 2015. These actuarial valuations are expected to identify a going-concern surplus of approximately $1.9 billion, while on a solvency basis a funding deficit of approximately $1.1 billion is expected. The federal pension legislation requires funding deficits, as calculated under current pension regulations, to be paid over a number of years. Alternatively, a letter of credit can be subscribed to fulfill required solvency deficit payments. Actuarial valuations are also required annually for the Company’s U.S. qualified pension plans.

In 2014, the Company made no voluntary contributions ($100 million in 2013) in excess of the required minimum contributions. Voluntary contributions can be treated as a prepayment against its future required special solvency deficit payments. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had $143 million of accumulated prepayments under the CN Pension Plan which remain available to offset future required solvency deficit payments. The Company expects to use these prepayments to satisfy a portion of its 2015 required solvency deficit payment. The Company established an irrevocable standby letter of credit in 2014 with a face amount of approximately $3 million in order to satisfy the solvency deficit payment for the BC Rail Pension Plan. The Company expects to further subscribe to letters of credit in 2015 to satisfy the solvency deficit payments for certain of its defined benefit pension plans including the CN Pension Plan. Under the CN Pension Plan, considering the prepayments available, it is expected that the letters of credit will only be required in the third quarter of 2015. The total face amount of the letters of credit is expected to be approximately $90 million at the end of 2015. As a result, the Company’s cash contributions for 2015 are expected to be $125 million, for all the Company’s pension plans. As at February 2, 2015, the Company contributed $80 million to its defined benefit pension plans for 2015.

Plan assets

The assets of the Company’s various Canadian defined benefit pension plans are primarily held in separate trust funds (“Trusts”) which are diversified by asset type, country and investment strategies. Each year, the CN Board of Directors reviews and confirms or amends the Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures (SIPP) which includes the plans’ long-term asset mix and related benchmark indices (“Policy”). This Policy is based on a long-term forward-looking view of the world economy, the dynamics of the plans’ benefit obligations, the market return expectations of each asset class and the current state of financial markets.

Annually, the CN Investment Division (“Investment Manager”), a division of the Company created to invest and administer the assets of the plans, proposes a short-term asset mix target (“Strategy”) for the coming year, which is expected to differ from the Policy, because of current economic and market conditions and expectations. The Investment Committee of the Board (“Committee”) regularly compares the actual asset mix to the Policy and Strategy and compares the actual performance of the Company’s pension plans to the performance of the benchmark indices.
 

74
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company’s 2014 target long-term asset mix and actual asset allocation for the Company’s pension plans based on fair value, are as follows:

   
Target
   
Percentage
   
long-term
   
of plan assets
   
asset mix
   
2014
   
2013
Cash and short-term investments
    3%       3 %     5 %
Bonds and mortgages
    37%       29 %     25 %
Equities
    45%       39 %     41 %
Real estate
    4%       2 %     2 %
Oil and gas
    7%       8 %     8 %
Infrastructure
    4%       5 %     5 %
Absolute return
    -       10 %     10 %
Risk-based allocation
    -       4 %     4 %
Total
    100%       100 %     100 %

The Committee’s approval is required for all major investments in illiquid securities. The SIPP allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to implement strategies, hedge, and adjust existing or anticipated exposures. The SIPP prohibits investments in securities of the Company or its subsidiaries. Investments held in the Company’s pension plans consist mainly of the following:

(a)
Cash and short-term investments consist primarily of highly liquid securities which ensure adequate cash flows are available to cover near-term benefit payments. Short-term investments are mainly obligations issued by Canadian chartered banks.

(b)
Bonds include bond instruments, issued or guaranteed by governments and corporate entities, as well as corporate notes. As at December 31, 2014, 82% of bonds were issued or guaranteed by Canadian, U.S. or other governments. Mortgages consist of mortgage products which are primarily conventional or participating loans secured by commercial properties.

(c)
Equity investments are primarily publicly traded securities, well diversified by country, issuer and industry sector. In 2014, the most significant allocation to an individual issuer was approximately 2% and the most significant allocation to an industry sector was approximately 23%.

(d)
Real estate is a diversified portfolio of Canadian land and commercial properties held by the Trusts’ wholly-owned subsidiaries.

(e)
Oil and gas investments include petroleum and natural gas properties operated by the Trusts’ wholly-owned subsidiaries and listed and non-listed Canadian securities of oil and gas companies.

(f)
Infrastructure investments include participations in private infrastructure funds, public and private debt and publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure and utility companies. Some of these investments are held by the Trusts’ wholly-owned subsidiaries.
 
(g)
Absolute return investments are primarily a portfolio of units of externally managed hedge funds, which are invested in various long/short strategies within multi-strategy, fixed income, equities, global macro and commodity funds, as presented in the table of fair value measurement. Managers are monitored on a continuous basis through investment and operational due diligence.

(h)
Risk-based allocation investments are a portfolio of units of externally managed funds where the overall risk of the asset class is managed in order to capture over time different asset classes risk premiums. Some of these investments are held by the Trusts’ wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The plans’ Investment Manager monitors market events and exposures to markets, currencies and interest rates daily. When investing in foreign securities, the plans are exposed to foreign currency risk that may be adjusted or hedged; the effect of which is included in the valuation of the foreign securities. Net of the effects mentioned above, the plans were 65% exposed to the Canadian dollar, 16% to the US dollar, 7% to European currencies, and 12% to various other currencies as at December 31, 2014. Interest rate risk represents the risk that the fair value of the investments will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Sensitivity to interest rates is a function of the timing and amount of cash flows of the assets and liabilities of the plans. Overall return in the capital markets and the level of interest rates affect the funded status of the Company’s pension plans, particularly the Company’s main Canadian pension plan. Adverse changes with respect to pension plan returns and the level of interest rates from the date of the last actuarial valuations may have a material adverse effect on the funded status of the plans and on the Company’s results of operations. Derivatives are used from time to time to adjust asset mix or exposures to foreign currencies, interest rate or market risks of the portfolio or anticipated transactions. Derivatives are contractual agreements whose value is derived from interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and equity or commodity prices. They may include forwards, futures, options and swaps and are included in investment categories based on their underlying exposure. When derivatives are used for hedging purposes, the gains or losses on the derivatives are offset by a corresponding change in the value of the hedged assets. To manage credit risk, established policies require dealing with counterparties considered to be of high credit quality.

The tables on the following pages present the fair value of plan assets as at December 31, 2014 and 2013 by asset class, their level within the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure such fair value:
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
75
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits continued
 
   
Fair value measurements at December 31, 2014
 
In millions
 
Total
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Cash and short-term investments (1)
  $ 579     $ 64     $ 515     $ -  
Bonds (2)
                               
Canada, U.S. and supranational
    1,450       -       1,450       -  
Provinces of Canada and municipalities
    2,701       -       2,701       -  
Corporate
    618       -       618       -  
Emerging market debt
    296       -       296       -  
Mortgages (3)
    131       -       131       -  
Equities (4)
                               
Canadian
    2,096       2,072       -       24  
U.S.
    1,493       1,493       -       -  
International
    3,425       3,425       -       -  
Real estate (5)
    317       -       -       317  
Oil and gas (6)
    1,374       349       17       1,008  
Infrastructure (7)
    885       14       107       764  
Absolute return funds (8)
                               
Multi-strategy
    591       -       591       -  
Fixed income
    471       -       428       43  
Equity
    299       -       299       -  
Global macro
    384       -       384       -  
Commodity
    1       -       1       -  
Risk-based allocation (9)
    635       -       635       -  
Total
  $ 17,746     $ 7,417     $ 8,173     $ 2,156  
Other (10)
    15                          
Total plan assets
  $ 17,761                          
 
      Fair value measurements at December 31, 2013  
In millions
 
Total
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Cash and short-term investments (1)
  $ 897     $ 16     $ 881     $ -  
Bonds (2)
                               
Canada, U.S. and supranational
    1,416       -       1,416       -  
Provinces of Canada and municipalities
    2,297       -       2,297       -  
Corporate
    111       -       111       -  
Emerging market debt
    261       -       261       -  
Mortgages (3)
    166       -       166       -  
Equities (4)
                               
Canadian
    2,160       2,138       -       22  
U.S.
    1,307       1,307       -       -  
International
    3,421       3,421       -       -  
Real estate (5)
    299       -       -       299  
Oil and gas (6)
    1,380       379       40       961  
Infrastructure (7)
    788       10       115       663  
Absolute return funds (8)
                               
Multi-strategy
    460       -       460       -  
Fixed income
    519       -       486       33  
Equity
    391       2       389       -  
Global macro
    328       -       328       -  
Risk-based allocation (9)
    607       -       607       -  
Total
  $ 16,808     $ 7,273     $ 7,557     $ 1,978  
Other (10)
    61                          
Total plan assets
  $ 16,869                          

Level 1: Fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2: Fair value based on significant observable inputs.
Level 3: Fair value based on significant unobservable inputs.

Footnotes to the table follow on the next page.
 

76
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of investments classified as Level 3:

      Fair value measurements based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)  
                           
Absolute
       
In millions
 
Equities
(4)  
Real estate
(5)  
Oil and gas
(6)  
Infrastructure
(7)  
return
(8)  
Total
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
  $ 22     $ 279     $ 940     $ 577     $ 10     $ 1,828  
Actual return relating to assets still
                                               
held at the reporting date
    2       26       72       43       3       146  
Purchases
    2       -       -       120       20       142  
Sales
    (4 )     (6 )     (51 )     (77 )     -       (138 )
Balance at December 31, 2013
  $ 22     $ 299     $ 961     $ 663     $ 33     $ 1,978  
Actual return relating to assets still
                                               
held at the reporting date
    1       21       -       2       1       25  
Purchases
    4       -       47       159       9       219  
Sales
    (3 )     (3 )     -       (60 )     -       (66 )
Balance at December 31, 2014
  $ 24     $ 317     $ 1,008     $ 764     $ 43     $ 2,156  

(1)
Cash and short-term investments are valued at cost, which approximates fair value, and are categorized as Level 1 for cash and Level 2 for short-term investments.
(2)
Bonds are valued using mid-price bids obtained from independent pricing data suppliers. When prices are not available from independent sources, the fair value is based on the present value of future cash flows using current market yields for comparable instruments. All bonds are categorized as Level 2.
(3)
Mortgages are secured by real estate. The fair value of $131 million ($166 million in 2013) of mortgages categorized as Level 2 is based on the present value of future cash flows using current market yields for comparable instruments.
(4)
The fair value of equity investments categorized as Level 1 is based on quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of equity investments of $24 million ($22 million in 2013) categorized as Level 3 represent units in private equity funds which are valued by their independent administrators.
(5)
The fair value of real estate investments of $317 million ($299 million in 2013) includes land and buildings net of related mortgage debt of $34 million ($41 million in 2013) and is categorized as Level 3. Land is valued based on the fair value of comparable assets, and buildings are valued based on the present value of estimated future net cash flows or the fair value of comparable assets. Independent valuations of land and buildings are performed triennially on a rotational basis. Mortgage debt is valued based on the present value of future cash flows using current market yields for comparable instruments.
(6)
Oil and gas investments categorized as Level 1 are valued based on quoted prices in active markets. Investments in oil and gas equities traded on a secondary market are valued based on the most recent transaction price and are categorized as Level 2. Investments of $1,008 million ($961 million in 2013) categorized as Level 3 consist of operating oil and gas properties and the fair value is based on estimated future net cash flows that are discounted using prevailing market rates for transactions in similar assets. The future net cash flows are based on forecasted oil and gas prices and projected future annual production and costs.
(7)
Infrastructure investments consist of $14 million ($10 million in 2013) of publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies categorized as Level 1, $107 million ($115 million in 2013) of term loans, bonds and infrastructure funds issued by infrastructure companies categorized as Level 2 and $764 million ($663 million in 2013) of infrastructure funds that are categorized as Level 3 and are valued based on discounted cash flows or earnings multiples. Distributions may be received throughout the term of the funds and/or upon the sale of the underlying investments.
(8)
Absolute return investments are valued using the net asset value as reported by the independent fund administrators. All absolute return investments have contractual redemption frequencies, ranging from monthly to annually, and redemption notice periods varying from 5 to 90 days. Absolute return investments that have redemption dates less frequent than every four months or that have restrictions on contractual redemption features at the reporting date are categorized as Level 3.
(9)
Risk-based allocation investments are valued using the net asset value as reported by the independent fund administrators and are categorized as Level 2. All funds have contractual redemption frequencies ranging from daily to annually, and redemption notice periods varying from 5 to 60 days.
(10)
Other consists of operating assets of $145 million ($85 million in 2013) and liabilities of $130 million ($24 million in 2013) required to administer the Trusts’ investment assets and the plans’ benefit and funding activities. Such assets are valued at cost and have not been assigned to a fair value category.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
77
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits  continued

Additional disclosures

Obligations and funded status

     
Pensions
   
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Change in benefit obligation
                         
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
    $ 15,510     $ 16,335     $ 256     $ 277  
Amendments
      2       -       2       -  
Interest cost
      711       658       12       11  
Actuarial loss (gain) on projected benefit obligation
      1,815       (747 )     6       (22 )
Service cost
      132       155       2       3  
Plan participants’ contributions
      58       56       -       -  
Foreign currency changes
      22       16       7       5  
Benefit payments, settlements and transfers
      (971 )     (963 )     (18 )     (18 )
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 17,279     $ 15,510     $ 267     $ 256  
Component representing future salary increases
      (349 )     (344 )     -       -  
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
    $ 16,930     $ 15,166     $ 267     $ 256  
                                   
Change in plan assets
                                 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    $ 16,869     $ 15,811     $ -     $ -  
Employer contributions
      111       226       -       -  
Plan participants’ contributions
      58       56       -       -  
Foreign currency changes
      15       10       -       -  
Actual return on plan assets
      1,679       1,728       -       -  
Benefit payments, settlements and transfers
      (971 )     (962 )     -       -  
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    $ 17,761     $ 16,869     $ -     $ -  
Funded status – Excess (deficiency) of fair value of plan assets
over projected benefit obligation at end of year
  $ 482     $ 1,359     $ (267 )   $ (256 )

Measurement date for all plans is December 31.

The projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the CN Pension Plan at December 31, 2014 were $16,059 million and $16,905 million, respectively ($14,458 million and $16,059 million, respectively, at December 31, 2013).

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

     
Pensions
   
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Noncurrent assets – Pension asset
    $ 882     $ 1,662     $ -     $ -  
Current liabilities (Note 9)
      -       -       (17 )     (18 )
Noncurrent liabilities – Pension and other postretirement benefits
    (400 )     (303 )     (250 )     (238 )
Total amount recognized
    $ 482     $ 1,359     $ (267 )   $ (256 )

Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 15)

     
Pensions
   
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Net actuarial gain (loss)
    $ (2,502 )   $ (1,515 )   $ 17     $ 27  
Prior service cost
      (20 )     (22 )     (5 )     (5 )
 

78
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
Information for the pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets

        Pensions    
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Projected benefit obligation
    $ 646     $ 527       N/A       N/A  
Accumulated benefit obligation
      585       475       N/A       N/A  
Fair value of plan assets
      246       224       N/A       N/A  

Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)

        Pensions    
Other postretirement benefits
 
In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
   
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Current service cost
  $ 132     $ 155     $ 134     $ 2     $ 3     $ 4  
Interest cost
      711       658       740       12       11       13  
Curtailment gain
      -       -       -       -       -       (6 )
Settlement loss (gain) (1)
    3       4       (12 )     -       -       -  
Expected return on plan assets
    (978 )     (958 )     (994 )     -       -       -  
Amortization of prior service cost
    4       4       4       2       1       3  
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)
    124       227       119       (4 )     (1 )     -  
Net periodic benefit cost (income)
  $ (4 )   $ 90     $ (9 )   $ 12     $ 14     $ 14  

(1) 
The 2012 figure includes the settlement gain related to the termination of the former CEO’s retirement benefit plan.

The estimated prior service cost and net actuarial loss for defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) over the next fiscal year are $4 million and $253 million, respectively.

The estimated prior service cost and net actuarial gain for other postretirement benefits that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) over the next fiscal year are $1 million and $4 million, respectively.

Weighted-average assumptions used in accounting for Pensions and other postretirement benefits
 
   
Pensions
   
Other postretirement benefits
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
                                     
To determine projected benefit obligation
                                   
Discount rate (1)
   
3.87
%
   
4.73
%
   
4.15
%
   
3.86
%
   
4.69
%
   
4.01
%
Rate of compensation increase (2)
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
                                                 
To determine net periodic benefit cost
                                               
Discount rate (1)
   
4.73
%
   
4.15
%
   
4.84
%
   
4.69
%
   
4.01
%
   
4.70
%
Rate of compensation increase (2)
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.25
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.00
%
   
3.25
%
Expected return on plan assets (3)
   
7.00
%
   
7.00
%
   
7.25
%
   
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
 
(1)
The Company’s discount rate assumption, which is set annually at the end of each year, is used to determine the projected benefit obligation at the end of the year and the net periodic benefit cost for the following year. The discount rate is used to measure the single amount that, if invested at the measurement date in a portfolio of high-quality debt instruments with a rating of AA or better, would provide the necessary cash flows to pay for pension benefits as they become due. The discount rate is determined by management with the aid of third-party actuaries. For the Canadian pension and other postretirement benefit plans, future expected benefit payments at each measurement date are discounted using spot rates from a derived AA corporate bond yield curve. The derived curve is based on observed rates for AA corporate bonds with short-term maturities and a projected AA corporate curve for longer-term maturities based on spreads between observed AA corporate bonds and AA provincial bonds. The derived curve is expected to generate cash flows that match the estimated future benefit payments of the plans as the bond rate for each maturity year is applied to the plans’ corresponding expected benefit payments of that year.
 
(2)
The rate of compensation increase is determined by the Company based upon its long-term plans for such increases.
 
(3)
To develop its expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of assets, the Company considers multiple factors. The expected long-term rate of return is determined based on expected future performance for each asset class and is weighted based on the current asset portfolio mix. Consideration is taken of the historical performance, the premium return generated from an actively managed portfolio, as well as current and future anticipated asset allocations, economic developments, inflation rates and administrative expenses. Based on these factors, the rate is determined by the Company. For 2014, the Company used a long-term rate of return assumption of 7.00% on the market-related value of plan assets to compute net periodic benefit cost (income). The Company has elected to use a market-related value of assets, whereby realized and unrealized gains/losses and appreciation/depreciation in the value of the investments are recognized over a period of five years, while investment income is recognized immediately. In 2015, the Company will maintain the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets at 7.00% to reflect management’s current view of long-term investment returns.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
79
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


12 Pensions and other postretirement benefits continued

Health care cost trend rate for other postretirement benefits

For measurement purposes, increases in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits were assumed to be 7.5% for 2014 and 2015. It is assumed that the rate will decrease gradually to 4.5% in 2028 and remain at that level thereafter.

Assumed health care costs have an effect on the amounts reported for the health care plan. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effect:

   
One-percentage-point
 
In millions
 
Increase
 
Decrease
 
Effect on total service and interest costs
  $ 1     $ (1 )
Effect on benefit obligation
    12       (10 )

Estimated future benefit payments

         
Other
 
         
postretirement
 
In millions
 
Pensions
   
benefits
 
2015
  $ 1,011     $ 17  
2016
    1,034       17  
2017
    1,048       18  
2018
    1,059       18  
2019
    1,067       18  
Years 2020 to 2024
    5,379       81  

Defined contribution and other plans

The Company maintains defined contribution pension plans for certain salaried employees as well as certain employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company also maintains other plans including Section 401(k) savings plans for certain U.S. based employees. The Company’s contributions under these plans are expensed as incurred and amounted to $16 million, $13 million and $11 million for 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Contributions to multi-employer plan

Under collective bargaining agreements, the Company participates in a multi-employer benefit plan named the Railroad Employees National Early Retirement Major Medical Benefit Plan which is administered by the National Carriers’ Conference Committee (NCCC), and provides certain postretirement health care benefits to certain retirees. The Company’s contributions under this plan are expensed as incurred and amounted to $10 million, $10 million and $11 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The annual contribution rate for the plan is determined by the NCCC and for 2014 was $141.29 per month per active employee ($143.21 in 2013). The plan covered 807 retirees in 2014 (867 in 2013).

 
13 Share capital
 
Authorized capital stock
 
The authorized capital stock of the Company is as follows:

 
Unlimited number of Common Shares, without par value

 
Unlimited number of Class A Preferred Shares, without par value, issuable in series

 
Unlimited number of Class B Preferred Shares, without par value, issuable in series

Issued and outstanding common shares

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
                           
Issued and outstanding common shares at beginning of year
      830.6       856.8       884.2  
Number of common shares repurchased
      (22.4 )     (27.6 )     (33.8 )
Stock options exercised
      1.2       1.4       6.4  
Issued and outstanding common shares at end of year
      809.4       830.6       856.8  
 

 
80
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Share purchases

Share repurchase programs

The Company may repurchase shares pursuant to a normal course issuer bid (NCIB) at prevailing market prices plus brokerage fees, or such other prices as may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange. Under its current NCIB, the Company may repurchase up to 28.0 million common shares between October 24, 2014 and October 23, 2015. As at December 31, 2014, the Company repurchased 5.6 million common shares under its current program.

The following table provides the information related to the share repurchase programs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
 
In millions, except per share data
                 
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Number of common shares repurchased (1)
    22.4       27.6       33.8  
Weighted-average price per share (2)
  $ 67.38     $ 50.65     $ 41.36  
Amount of repurchase
  $ 1,505     $ 1,400     $ 1,400  

(1)
Includes common shares purchased in the first and fourth quarters of 2014, 2013 and 2012 pursuant to private agreements between the Company and arm’s-length third-party sellers.
(2)
Includes brokerage fees.

Share purchases by Share Trusts

In 2014, the Company established Share Trusts to purchase common shares on the open market, which will be used to deliver common shares under the Share Units Plan (see Note 14 – Stock plans). Shares purchased by the Share Trusts are retained until the Company instructs the trustee to transfer shares to participants of the Share Units Plan.

As at December 31, 2014, the Share Trusts held nil common shares of the Company. Common shares purchased by the Share Trusts will be accounted for as treasury stock. The Share Trusts may sell shares on the open market to facilitate the remittance of the Company’s employee tax withholding obligations.

In 2015, the Share Trusts could purchase up to 2.0 million common shares on the open market in anticipation of future settlements of equity settled PSU awards.

Additional paid-in capital

Additional paid-in capital includes the stock-based compensation expense on equity settled awards; the excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation; and the impact of the modification of certain cash settled awards to equity settled awards. Upon the exercise of stock options, the expense related to those options is reclassified from Additional paid-in capital to Common shares. The Company reclassified prior year balances from Common shares to Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheet to conform with the 2014 presentation.
 
Stock-based compensation and other
 
    2014     2013       2012  
   
Issued and
 
Common
   
Issued and
 
Common
   
Issued and
   
Common
 
   
outstanding
 
shares and
   
outstanding
 
shares and
   
outstanding
   
shares and
 
   
common
 
additional
   
common
 
additional
   
common
   
additional
 
In millions
 
shares
 
paid-in capital
   
shares
 
paid-in capital
   
shares
   
paid-in capital
 
Stock options exercised
    1.2     $ 25       1.4     $ 28       6.4     $ 102  
Equity settled stock-based compensation expense
    -       11       -       9       -       10  
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation
    -       5       -       3       -       16  
Modification of stock-based compensation awards (1)
    -       209       -       -       -       -  
Total stock-based compensation and other
    1.2     $ 250       1.4     $ 40       6.4     $ 128  

(1)
Represents the fair value of cash settled stock-based compensation awards modified in 2014 to settle in common shares of the Company and includes $132 million related to deferred share units (DSUs), $60 million related to performance share units (PSUs) and $17 million related to other plans. See Note 14 – Stock plans.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
81
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
14 Stock plans

The Company has various stock-based compensation plans for eligible employees. A description of the Company’s major plans is provided herein.

Employee Share Investment Plan

The Company has an Employee Share Investment Plan (ESIP) giving eligible employees the opportunity to subscribe for up to 10% of their gross salaries to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock on the open market and to have the Company invest, on the employees’ behalf, a further 35% of the amount invested by the employees, up to 6% of their gross salaries.

The following table provides the number of participants holding shares, the total number of ESIP shares purchased on behalf of employees, including the Company’s contributions, as well as the resulting expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Number of participants holding shares
    18,488       18,488       17,423  
Total number of ESIP shares purchased on behalf of employees (millions)
    2.1       2.3       2.5  
Expense for Company contribution (millions)
  $ 34     $ 30     $ 24  

Stock-based compensation plans

The following table provides the total stock-based compensation expense for awards under all plans, as well as the related tax benefit recognized in income, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Cash settled awards
                 
Share Units Plan
    $ 117     $ 92     $ 76  
Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan (VIDP)
    33       35       19  
Total cash settled awards
  $ 150     $ 127     $ 95  
                         
Equity settled awards
                       
Share Units Plan
    $ 2     $ -     $ -  
Stock option awards
    9       9       10  
Total equity settled awards
  $ 11     $ 9     $ 10  
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 161     $ 136     $ 105  
Tax benefit recognized in income
  $ 43     $ 35     $ 25  

 
Cash settled awards

(a) Share Units Plan

The objective of the Share Units Plan is to enhance the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented employees and to provide alignment of interests between such employees and the shareholders of the Company. The PSUs granted are scheduled for payout after three years (“plan period”) and vest conditionally upon the attainment of a target relating to return on invested capital (ROIC) over the plan period. Such performance vesting criteria results in a performance vesting factor that ranges from 0% to 150% depending on the level of ROIC attained.

Payout is conditional upon the attainment of a minimum share price, calculated using the average of the last three months of the plan period. In addition, commencing at various dates, for senior and executive management employees (“executive employees”), payout for PSUs is also conditional on compliance with the conditions of their award agreements, including but not limited to non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disclosure of confidential information conditions. Current or former executive employees who breach such conditions of their award agreements will forfeit the PSU payout. Should the Company reasonably determine that a current or former executive employee may have violated the conditions of their award agreement, the Company may at its discretion change the manner of vesting of the PSUs to suspend payout on any PSUs pending resolution of such matter.

In 2014, the Company granted 0.8 million PSUs, previously known as restricted share units (RSUs), (0.8 million in 2013 and 0.9 million in 2012) to designated management employees entitling them to receive payout in cash based on the Company’s share price.

The value of the payout is equal to the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the performance vesting factor and by the 20-day average closing share price ending on January 31 of the following year. For the plan period ended December 31, 2014, for the 2012 grant, the level of ROIC attained resulted in a performance vesting factor of 150%. As the minimum share price condition under the plan was met, payout of approximately $106 million, calculated using the Company’s average closing share price for the last 20 trading days ending on January 31, 2015, will be paid to employees meeting the conditions of their benefit plans, award or employment agreements in the first quarter of 2015.

On December 9, 2014, 0.5 million cash settled PSUs granted in 2013 and 0.4 million cash settled PSUs granted in 2014 were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards. As a result, the Company reclassified $60 million from Other liabilities and deferred credits to Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, which represents the fair value of these PSU awards at the modification date. In the future, the Company does not plan to grant additional cash settled PSU awards.
 
 
82
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


(b) Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan

The Company’s Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan (VIDP) provides eligible senior management employees the opportunity to elect to receive their annual incentive bonus payment and other eligible incentive payments in DSUs up to specific deferral limits. A DSU is equivalent to a common share of the Company and also earns dividends when normal cash dividends are paid on common shares. The number of DSUs received by each participant is calculated using the Company’s average closing share price for the 20 trading days prior to and including the date of the incentive payment. For each participant, the Company will grant a further 25% of the amount elected in DSUs, which will vest over a period of four years. The election to receive eligible incentive payments in DSUs is no longer available to a participant when the value of the participant’s vested DSUs is sufficient to meet the Company’s stock ownership guidelines. The value of each participant’s DSUs is payable in cash at the time of cessation of employment.

On December 9, 2014, 1.7 million cash settled DSUs were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards. As a result, the Company reclassified $132 million from Other liabilities and deferred credits to Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, which represents the fair value of these DSU awards at the modification date. Notwithstanding deferrals made in 2014 related to incentive payments of 2015, the Company does not plan to provide participants the option to defer their incentive payments into cash settled DSU awards in the future.

The following table provides the number of units outstanding and the 2014 activity for all cash settled awards:

   
PSUs
   
DSUs
 
In millions
 
Nonvested
   
Vested
   
Nonvested
   
Vested
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
    1.7       0.9       -       2.3  
Granted (Payout)
    0.8       (0.9 )     -       (0.1 )
Modifications (1)
    (0.9 )     -       -       (1.7 )
Forfeited/Settled
    -       -       -       -  
Vested during year
    (0.9 )     0.9       -       -  
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
    0.7       0.9       -       0.5  

(1)
On December 9, 2014, certain cash settled awards were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
83
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
14 Stock plans  continued

The following table provides valuation and expense information for all cash settled awards:

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
             
PSUs (1)
                     
DSUs (2)
   
Total
 
Year of grant
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
             
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) recognized over requisite service period
                                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
  $ 42     $ 33     $ 44     $ (2 )     N/A       N/A     $ 33     $ 150  
Year ended December 31, 2013 (3)
    N/A     $ 34     $ 37     $ 34     $ (4 )   $ (9 )   $ 35     $ 127  
Year ended December 31, 2012
    N/A       N/A     $ 24     $ 26     $ 26     $ -     $ 19     $ 95  
Liability outstanding
                                                               
December 31, 2014
  $ 19     $ 32     $ 106     $ -       N/A       N/A     $ 40     $ 197  
December 31, 2013
    N/A     $ 34     $ 61     $ 80     $ -     $ -     $ 145     $ 320  
Fair value per unit
                                                               
December 31, 2014 ($)
  $ 72.00     $ 79.01     $ 80.02       N/A       N/A       N/A     $ 80.02       N/A  
Fair value of awards vested during the year
                                                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
  $ -     $ -     $ 106     $ -       N/A       N/A     $ -     $ 106  
Year ended December 31, 2013
    N/A     $ -     $ -     $ 80       N/A       N/A     $ 1     $ 81  
Year ended December 31, 2012
    N/A       N/A     $ -     $ -     $ 70       N/A     $ 1     $ 71  
Nonvested awards at December 31, 2014
                                                               
Unrecognized compensation cost
  $ 17     $ 10     $ -     $ -       N/A       N/A     $ -     $ 27  
Remaining recognition period (years)
    2.0       1.0       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A (4)     N/A  
Assumptions (5)
                                                               
Stock price ($)
  $ 80.02     $ 80.02     $ 80.02       N/A       N/A       N/A     $ 80.02       N/A  
Expected stock price volatility (6)
    16%       17%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Expected term (years) (7)
    2.0       1.0       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Risk-free interest rate (8)
    1.02%       0.99%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Dividend rate ($) (9)
  $ 1.00     $ 1.00       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  

(1)
Compensation cost is based on the fair value of the awards at period-end using the lattice-based valuation model that uses the assumptions as presented herein.
(2)
Compensation cost is based on intrinsic value.
(3)
Includes the reversal of approximately $20 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the forfeiture of PSUs by former executives.
(4)
The remaining recognition period has not been quantified as it relates solely to the 25% Company grant and the dividends earned thereon, representing a minimal number of units.
(5)
Assumptions used to determine fair value are at December 31, 2014.
(6)
Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award.
(7)
Represents the remaining period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding.
(8)
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
(9)
Based on the annualized dividend rate.
 
 
84
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Equity settled awards

(a) Share Units Plan

The objective of the Share Units Plan is to enhance the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented employees and to provide alignment of interests between such employees and the shareholders of the Company. The PSUs granted are scheduled to settle at the end of the plan period and vest conditionally upon the attainment of a target relating to ROIC over the plan period. Such performance vesting criteria results in a performance vesting factor that ranges from 0% to 150% depending on the level of ROIC attained.

Settlement is conditional upon the attainment of a minimum share price, calculated using the average of the last three months of the plan period. In addition, commencing at various dates, for executive employees, settlement for PSUs is also conditional on compliance with the conditions of their benefit plans, award or employment agreements, including but not limited to non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disclosure of confidential information conditions. Current or former executive employees who breach such conditions of their benefit plans, award or employment agreements will forfeit the PSU settlement. Should the Company reasonably determine that a current or former executive employee may have violated the conditions of their benefit plans, award or employment agreement, the Company may at its discretion change the manner of vesting of the PSUs to suspend settlement on any PSUs pending resolution of such matter.

On December 9, 2014, 0.5 million cash settled PSUs granted in 2013 and 0.4 million cash settled PSUs granted in 2014 were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards.
 
PSUs are settled in common shares of the Company by way of disbursement from the Share Trusts (see Note 13 – Share capital). The number of shares remitted to the participant upon settlement is equal to the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the performance vesting factor less shares withheld to satisfy the participant’s minimum statutory withholding tax requirement.

(b) Voluntary Incentive Deferral Plan

The Company’s VIDP provides eligible senior management employees the opportunity to elect to receive their annual incentive bonus payment and other eligible incentive payments in DSUs up to specific deferral limits. A DSU is equivalent to a common share of the Company and also earns dividends when normal cash dividends are paid on common shares. The number of DSUs received by each participant is established at time of deferral. For each participant, the Company will grant a further 25% of the amount elected in DSUs, which will vest over a period of four years. The election to receive eligible incentive payments in DSUs is no longer available to a participant when the value of the participant’s vested DSUs is sufficient to meet the Company’s stock ownership guidelines.

On December 9, 2014, 1.7 million cash settled DSUs were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards.

DSUs are settled in common shares of the Company at the time of cessation of employment by way of an open market purchase by the Company. The number of shares remitted to the participant is equal to the number of DSUs awarded less shares withheld to satisfy the participant’s minimum statutory withholding tax requirement.

The following table provides the number of units outstanding and the 2014 activity for all equity settled awards, other than stock options:

      PSUs       DSUs  
             
Weighted-
             
Weighted-
 
             
average
             
average
 
   
Units
   
Units
 
grant date
   
Units
   
Units
 
grant date
 
   
Nonvested
   
Vested
 
fair value
   
Nonvested
   
Vested
 
fair value
 
   
In millions
   
In millions
         
In millions
   
In millions
       
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
    -       -       N/A       -       -       N/A  
Modification (1) (2)
    0.9       -     $ 71.05       -       1.7     $ 76.29  
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
    0.9       -     $ 71.05       -       1.7     $ 76.29  

(1)
On December 9, 2014, 0.9 million cash-settled PSUs were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards. The modification affected PSUs held by 133 employees and did not result in the recognition of incremental compensation cost as the settlement conditions of these awards was unchanged.
(2)
On December 9, 2014, 1.7 million cash-settled DSUs were modified to settle in common shares of the Company. From the modification date, these units are accounted for as equity settled awards. The modification affected DSUs held by 104 employees and did not result in the recognition of incremental compensation cost as the settlement conditions of these awards was unchanged. Vested DSUs are convertible into common shares of the Company at the time of cessation of employment. As at December 31, 2014, the aggregate intrinsic value of vested DSUs amounted to $138 million.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
85
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
14 Stock plans  continued

The following table provides valuation and expense information for all equity settled awards, other than stock options:

In millions, unless otherwise indicated
    PSUs (1)    
DSUs (2)
   
Total
 
Year of grant
 
2014
   
2013
             
Stock-based compensation expense
                       
recognized over requisite service period
                       
Year ended December 31, 2014 (3)
  $ 1     $ 1     $ -     $ 2  
Fair value per unit
                               
At grant date ($) (4)
  $ 66.84     $ 75.15     $ 76.29       N/A  
Fair value of awards vested during the year
                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
  $ -     $ -     $ 1     $ 1  
Nonvested awards at December 31, 2014
                               
Unrecognized compensation cost
  $ 15     $ 8     $ 1     $ 24  
Remaining recognition period (years)
    2.0       1.0       N/A (5)     N/A  
Assumptions
                               
Grant price ($) (6)
  $ 76.29     $ 76.29     $ 76.29       N/A  
Expected stock price volatility (7)
    15 %     17 %     N/A       N/A  
Expected term (years) (8)
    2.0       1.0       N/A       N/A  
Risk-free interest rate (9)
    1.02 %     0.98 %     N/A       N/A  
Dividend rate ($) (10)
  $ 1.00     $ 1.00       N/A       N/A  

(1)
Compensation cost is based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date using the lattice-based valuation model that uses the assumptions as presented herein.
(2)
Compensation cost is based on intrinsic value at the modification date.
(3)
Comparative information for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 has not been provided as no equity settled PSUs or DSUs were outstanding.
(4)
Grant date is December 9, 2014 which is the modification date of the cash settled awards to equity settled awards.
(5)
The remaining recognition period has not been quantified as it relates solely to the 25% Company grant and the dividends earned thereon, representing a minimal number of units.
(6)
Stock price at the modification date.
(7)
Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award.
(8)
Represents the remaining period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding.
(9)
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
(10)
Based on the annualized dividend rate.

 
86
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


(c) Stock option awards

The Company has stock option plans for eligible employees to acquire common shares of the Company upon vesting at a price equal to the market value of the common shares at the date of granting. The options issued by the Company are conventional options that vest over a period of time. The right to exercise options generally accrues over a period of four years of continuous employment. Options are not generally exercisable during the first 12 months after the date of grant and expire after 10 years. As at December 31, 2014, 19.2 million common shares remained authorized for future issuances under these plans.

For 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company granted 1.0 million, 1.1 million and 1.2 million, respectively, of conventional stock options to designated executive employees that vest over a period of four years of continuous employment.

The total number of conventional options outstanding as at December 31, 2014 was 7.5 million.

The following table provides the activity of stock option awards during 2014, and for options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2014, the weighted-average exercise price:

   
Options outstanding
   
Nonvested options
 
         
Weighted-
       
Weighted-
 
   
Number
   
average
   
Number
 
average grant
 
   
of options
   
exercise price
   
of options
 
date fair value
 
   
In millions
         
In millions
       
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 (1)
    7.7     $ 30.97       2.7     $ 7.89  
Granted
    1.0     $ 58.74       1.0     $ 11.09  
Exercised
    (1.2 )   $ 22.97       N/A       N/A  
Vested
    N/A       N/A       (1.2 )   $ 7.59  
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 (1)
    7.5     $ 37.37       2.5     $ 9.25  
Exercisable at December 31, 2014 (1)
    5.0     $ 30.31       N/A       N/A  

(1) 
Stock options with a US dollar exercise price have been translated to Canadian dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date.

The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2014 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic value, and for options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the value that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2014 at the Company’s closing stock price of $80.02.

        Options outstanding    
Options exercisable
 
           
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
               
Weighted-
       
     
Number
   
average years
   
average
 
Aggregate
   
Number
   
average
 
Aggregate
 
     
of options
   
to expiration
   
exercise price
 
intrinsic value
   
of options
   
exercise price
 
intrinsic value
 
Range of exercise prices
   
In millions
             
In millions
   
In millions
       
In millions
 
$ 16.93 – $23.03       0.9       3.7     $ 20.19     $ 52       0.9     $ 20.19     $ 52  
$ 23.04 – $30.75       2.6       3.3     $ 27.04       139       2.6     $ 27.04       139  
$ 30.76 – $41.85       1.5       6.3     $ 38.19       62       1.0     $ 38.19       41  
$ 41.86 – $57.61       1.5       7.6     $ 48.71       49       0.5     $ 47.40       18  
$ 57.62 – $80.15       1.0       9.1     $ 60.29       20       -     $ 58.18       -  
Balance at December 31, 2014 (1)
      7.5       5.6     $ 37.37     $ 322       5.0     $ 30.31     $ 250  

(1)
Stock options with a US dollar exercise price have been translated to Canadian dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. As at December 31, 2014, substantially all stock options outstanding were in-the-money. The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options was 4.4 years.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
87
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
14 Stock plans  continued

The following table provides valuation and expense information for all stock option awards:

In millions, unless otherwise indicated

Year of grant
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
Total
 
Stock-based compensation expense
                                               
recognized over requisite service period (1)
                                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
  $ 6     $ 1     $ 1     $ 1     $ -       N/A       N/A     $ 9  
Year ended December 31, 2013
    N/A     $ 5     $ 2     $ 1     $ 1     $ -       N/A     $ 9  
Year ended December 31, 2012
    N/A       N/A     $ 4     $ 2     $ 2     $ 2     $ -     $ 10  
                                                                 
Fair value per unit
                                                               
At grant date ($)
  $ 11.09     $ 8.52     $ 7.74     $ 7.83     $ 6.55     $ 6.30     $ 6.22       N/A  
                                                                 
Fair value of awards vested during the year
                                                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
  $ -     $ 2     $ 2     $ 3     $ 2       N/A       N/A     $ 9  
Year ended December 31, 2013
    N/A     $ -     $ 2     $ 3     $ 2     $ 4       N/A     $ 11  
Year ended December 31, 2012
    N/A       N/A     $ -     $ 2     $ 2     $ 4     $ 3     $ 11  
                                                                 
Nonvested awards at December 31, 2014
                                                               
Unrecognized compensation cost
  $ 4     $ 2     $ 1     $ -     $ -       N/A       N/A     $ 7  
Remaining recognition period (years)
    3.0       2.0       1.0       -       -       N/A       N/A       N/A  
                                                                 
Assumptions
                                                               
Grant price ($)
  $ 58.74     $ 47.47     $ 38.35     $ 34.47     $ 27.38     $ 21.07     $ 24.25       N/A  
Expected stock price volatility (2)
    23 %     23 %     26 %     26 %     28 %     39 %     27 %     N/A  
Expected term (years) (3)
    5.4       5.4       5.4       5.3       5.4       5.3       5.3       N/A  
Risk-free interest rate (4)
    1.51 %     1.41 %     1.33 %     2.53 %     2.44 %     1.97 %     3.58 %     N/A  
Dividend rate ($) (5)
  $ 1.00     $ 0.86     $ 0.75     $ 0.65     $ 0.54     $ 0.51     $ 0.46       N/A  

(1)
Compensation cost is based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses the assumptions at the grant date.
(2)
Based on the average of the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the award and the implied volatility from traded options on the Company’s stock.
(3)
Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination, and groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately.
(4)
Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
(5)
Based on the annualized dividend rate.

The following table provides information related to stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Total intrinsic value
  $ 50     $ 45     $ 167  
Cash received upon exercise of options
    25       28       102  
Related excess tax benefit realized
    5       3       16  

Stock price volatility

Compensation cost for the Company’s cash settled Share Units Plan is based on the fair value of the awards at period end using the lattice-based valuation model for which a primary assumption is the Company’s share price. In addition, the Company’s liability for the cash settled VIDP is marked-to-market at period-end and, as such, is also reliant on the Company’s share price. Fluctuations in the Company’s share price cause volatility to stock-based compensation expense as recorded in Net income. The Company does not currently hold any derivative financial instruments to manage this exposure. A $1 increase in the Company’s share price at December 31, 2014 would have increased stock-based compensation expense by $2 million, whereas a $1 decrease in the price would have reduced it by $3 million.
 

88
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
15 Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   
Foreign
   
Pension
                       
   
currency
   
and other
       
Total
   
Income tax
   
Total
 
   
translation
   
postretirement
   
Derivative
 
before
   
recovery
   
net of
 
In millions
 
adjustments
   
benefit plans
   
instruments
 
tax
   
(expense)
   
tax
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
  $ (574 )   $ (2,750 )   $ 8   $ (3,316 )   $ 477     $ (2,839 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications:
                                             
Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of net investment in foreign operations
    (128 )                   (128 )     2       (126 )
Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of US dollar-denominated long-term debt designate as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
    123                     123       (19 )     104  
Actuarial loss arising during year
            (660 )           (660 )     176       (484 )
Prior service costs from plan amendment arising during year
            (6 )           (6 )     2       (4 )
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
                                             
Amortization of net actuarial loss
            119             119  (1)     (32 ) (2)     87  
Amortization of prior service cost
            7             7  (1)     (2 ) (2)     5  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    (5 )     (540 )     -     (545 )     127       (418 )
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2012
  $ (579 )   $ (3,290 )   $ 8   $ (3,861 )   $ 604     $ (3,257 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications:
                                             
Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of net investment in foreign operations
    440                     440       7       447  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of US dollar-denominated long-term debt designate as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
    (394 )                   (394 )     52       (342 )
Actuarial gain arising during year
            1,544             1,544       (412 )     1,132  
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
                                             
Amortization of net actuarial loss
            226             226  (1)     (60 ) (2)     166  
Amortization of prior service cost
            5             5  (1)     (1 ) (2)     4  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    46       1,775       -     1,821       (414 )     1,407  
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2013
  $ (533 )   $ (1,515 )   $ 8   $ (2,040 )   $ 190     $ (1,850 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications:
                                             
Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of net investment in foreign operations
    644                     644       4       648  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of US dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
    (569 )                   (569 )     73       (496 )
Actuarial loss arising during year
            (1,117 )           (1,117 )     300       (817 )
Prior service costs from plan amendment arising during year
            (4 )           (4 )     1       (3 )
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
                                             
Amortization of net actuarial loss
            120             120  (1)     (32 ) (2)     88  
Amortization of prior service cost
            6             6  (1)     (2 ) (2)     4  
Amortization of gain on treasury lock
                    (1 ) (3)   (1 )     -       (1 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    75       (995 )     (1 )   (921 )     344       (577 )
Balance at December 31, 2014
  $ (458 )   $ (2,510 )   $ 7   $ (2,961 )   $ 534     $ (2,427 )

(1)
Reclassified to Labor and fringe benefits on the Consolidated Statement of Income and included in components of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 12 – Pensions and other postretirement benefits.
(2)
Included in Income tax expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(3)
Related to treasury lock transactions settled in prior years, which are being amortized over the terms of the related debt to Interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
89
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
16 Major commitments and contingencies

Leases

The Company has operating and capital leases, mainly for locomotives, freight cars and intermodal equipment. Of the capital leases, many provide the option to purchase the leased items at fixed values during or at the end of the lease term. As at December 31, 2014, the Company’s commitments under these operating and capital leases were $712 million and $815 million, respectively. Minimum rental payments for operating leases having initial non-cancelable lease terms of more than one year and minimum lease payments for capital leases for the next five years and thereafter, are as follows:

In millions
 
Operating
   
Capital
 
2015
  $ 155     $ 107  
2016
    116       343  
2017
    94       164  
2018
    77       15  
2019
    56       15  
2020 and thereafter
    214       171  
Total
  $ 712       815  
Less: Imputed interest on capital leases at rates ranging from approximately 0.7% to 8.5%
            145  
Present value of minimum lease payments included in debt (Note 10)
          $ 670  

The Company also has operating lease agreements for its automotive fleet with one-year non-cancelable terms for which its practice is to renew monthly thereafter. The estimated annual rental payments for such leases are approximately $25 million and generally extend over five years.

Rent expense for all operating leases was $201 million, $179 million and $162 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Contingent rentals and sublease rentals were not significant.

Commitments

As at December 31, 2014, the Company had commitments to acquire railroad ties, rail, freight cars, locomotives, and other equipment and services, as well as outstanding information technology service contracts and licenses, at an aggregate cost of $1,054 million ($482 million as at December 31, 2013). The Company also has estimated remaining commitments of approximately $522 million (US$450 million), in relation to the U.S. federal government legislative requirement to implement Positive Train Control (PTC) by December 31, 2015.

In addition, the Company has estimated remaining commitments, through to December 31, 2016, of approximately $65 million (US$56 million), in relation to the acquisition of the principal lines of the former Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company. These commitments are for railroad infrastructure improvements, grade separation projects as well as commitments under a series of agreements with individual communities and a comprehensive voluntary mitigation program established to address surrounding municipalities’ concerns.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions seeking compensatory and occasionally punitive damages, including actions brought on behalf of various purported classes of claimants and claims relating to employee and third-party personal injuries, occupational disease and property damage, arising out of harm to individuals or property allegedly caused by, but not limited to, derailments or other accidents.

Canada

Employee injuries are governed by the workers’ compensation legislation in each province whereby employees may be awarded either a lump sum or a future stream of payments depending on the nature and severity of the injury. As such, the provision for employee injury claims is discounted. In the provinces where the Company is self-insured, costs related to employee work-related injuries are accounted for based on actuarially developed estimates of the ultimate cost associated with such injuries, including compensation, health care and third-party administration costs. A comprehensive actuarial study is generally performed at least on a triennial basis. For all other legal actions, the Company maintains, and regularly updates on a case-by-case basis, provisions for such items when the expected loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated based on currently available information.

In 2014, the Company recorded a $2 million decrease to its provision for personal injuries and other claims in Canada as a result of a comprehensive actuarial study for employee injury claims as well as various other legal claims.

As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for personal injury and other claims in Canada was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 210     $ 209     $ 199  
Accruals and other
    28       38       55  
Payments
    (35 )     (37 )     (45 )
End of year
  $ 203     $ 210     $ 209  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 28     $ 31     $ 39  

United States

Personal injury claims by the Company’s employees, including claims alleging occupational disease and work-related injuries, are subject to the provisions of the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA). Employees are compensated under FELA for damages assessed based on a finding of fault through the U.S. jury system or through individual settlements. As such, the provision is undiscounted. With limited exceptions where claims are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, the Company follows an actuarial-based approach and accrues the expected cost for personal injury, including
 

90
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
asserted and unasserted occupational disease claims, and property damage claims, based on actuarial estimates of their ultimate cost. A comprehensive actuarial study is performed annually.

For employee work-related injuries, including asserted occupational disease claims, and third-party claims, including grade crossing, trespasser and property damage claims, the actuarial valuation considers, among other factors, the Company’s historical patterns of claims filings and payments. For unasserted occupational disease claims, the actuarial study includes the projection of the Company’s experience into the future considering the potentially exposed population. The Company adjusts its liability based upon management’s assessment and the results of the study. On an ongoing basis, management reviews and compares the assumptions inherent in the latest actuarial study with the current claim experience and, if required, adjustments to the liability are recorded.

Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in projecting future events, including events related to occupational diseases, which include but are not limited to, the timing and number of actual claims, the average cost per claim and the legislative and judicial environment, the Company’s future payments may differ from current amounts recorded.

In 2014, the Company recorded a $20 million reduction to its provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims attributable to non-occupational disease claims, third-party claims and occupational disease claims pursuant to the 2014 external actuarial study. In previous years, external actuarial studies have supported a net decrease of $11 million and a net increase of $1 million to the Company’s provision for U.S. personal injury and other claims in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease of $11 million from the 2013 actuarial valuation was mainly attributable to non-occupational disease claims, third-party claims and occupational disease claims, reflecting a decrease in the Company’s estimates of unasserted claims and costs related to asserted claims. The Company has an ongoing risk mitigation strategy focused on reducing the frequency and severity of claims through injury prevention and containment; mitigation of claims; and lower settlements of existing claims.

As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for personal injury and other claims in the U.S. was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 106     $ 105     $ 111  
Accruals and other
    2       18       31  
Payments
    (22 )     (24 )     (34 )
Foreign exchange
    9       7       (3 )
End of year
  $ 95     $ 106     $ 105  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 20     $ 14     $ 43  

Although the Company considers such provisions to be adequate for all its outstanding and pending claims, the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at December 31, 2014, or with respect to future claims, cannot be reasonably determined. When establishing provisions for contingent liabilities the Company considers, where a probable loss estimate cannot be made with reasonable certainty, a range of potential probable losses for each such matter, and records the amount it considers the most reasonable estimate within the range. However, when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. For matters where a loss is reasonably possible but not probable, a range of potential losses cannot be estimated due to various factors which may include the limited availability of facts, the lack of demand for specific damages and the fact that proceedings were at an early stage. Based on information currently available, the Company believes that the eventual outcome of the actions against the Company will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position. However, due to the inherent inability to predict with certainty unforeseeable future developments, there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Environmental matters

The Company’s operations are subject to numerous federal, provincial, state, municipal and local environmental laws and regulations in Canada and the U.S. concerning, among other things, emissions into the air; discharges into waters; the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, hazardous substances, and other materials; decommissioning of underground and aboveground storage tanks; and soil and groundwater contamination. A risk of environmental liability is inherent in railroad and related transportation operations; real estate ownership, operation or control; and other commercial activities of the Company with respect to both current and past operations.

Known existing environmental concerns

The Company has identified approximately 255 sites at which it is or may be liable for remediation costs, in some cases along with other potentially responsible parties, associated with alleged contamination and is subject to environmental clean-up and enforcement actions, including those imposed by the United States Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund law, or analogous state laws. CERCLA and similar state laws, in addition to other similar Canadian and U.S. laws, generally impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site, as well as those whose waste is disposed of at the site, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. The Company has been notified that it is a potentially responsible party for study and clean-up costs at approximately 10 sites governed by the Superfund law (and analogous state laws) for which investigation and remediation payments are or will be made or are yet to be determined and, in many instances, is one of several potentially responsible parties.
 
 
Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
91
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
16 Major commitments and contingencies continued
 
The ultimate cost of addressing these known contaminated sites cannot be definitively established given that the estimated environmental liability for any given site may vary depending on the nature and extent of the contamination; the nature of anticipated response actions, taking into account the available clean-up techniques; evolving regulatory standards governing environmental liability; and the number of potentially responsible parties and their financial viability. As a result, liabilities are recorded based on the results of a four-phase assessment conducted on a site-by-site basis. A liability is initially recorded when environmental assessments occur, remedial efforts are probable, and when the costs, based on a specific plan of action in terms of the technology to be used and the extent of the corrective action required, can be reasonably estimated. The Company estimates the costs related to a particular site using cost scenarios established by external consultants based on the extent of contamination and expected costs for remedial efforts. In the case of multiple parties, the Company accrues its allocable share of liability taking into account the Company’s alleged responsibility, the number of potentially responsible parties and their ability to pay their respective share of the liability. Adjustments to initial estimates are recorded as additional information becomes available.

The Company’s provision for specific environmental sites is undiscounted and includes costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as monitoring costs. Environmental expenses, which are classified as Casualty and other in the Consolidated Statement of Income, include amounts for newly identified sites or contaminants as well as adjustments to initial estimates. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as assets when their receipt is deemed probable.

As at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for specific environmental sites was as follows:

In millions
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Beginning of year
  $ 119     $ 123     $ 152  
Accruals and other
    11       12       (4 )
Payments
    (19 )     (18 )     (24 )
Foreign exchange
    3       2       (1 )
End of year
  $ 114     $ 119     $ 123  
Current portion – End of year
  $ 45     $ 41     $ 31  

The Company anticipates that the majority of the liability at December 31, 2014 will be paid out over the next five years. However, some costs may be paid out over a longer period. Based on the information currently available, the Company considers its provisions to be adequate.
 
Unknown existing environmental concerns

While the Company believes that it has identified the costs likely to be incurred for environmental matters based on known information, the discovery of new facts, future changes in laws, the possibility of releases of hazardous materials into the environment and the Company’s ongoing efforts to identify potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with its properties may result in the identification of additional environmental liabilities and related costs. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with future environmental laws and containing or remediating contamination cannot be reasonably estimated due to many factors, including:

(a)
the lack of specific technical information available with respect to many sites;

(b)
the absence of any government authority, third-party orders, or claims with respect to particular sites;

(c)
the potential for new or changed laws and regulations and for development of new remediation technologies and uncertainty regarding the timing of the work with respect to particular sites; and

(d)
the determination of the Company’s liability in proportion to other potentially responsible parties and the ability to recover costs from any third parties with respect to particular sites.

Therefore, the likelihood of any such costs being incurred or whether such costs would be material to the Company cannot be determined at this time. There can thus be no assurance that liabilities or costs related to environmental matters will not be incurred in the future, or will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year, or that the Company’s liquidity will not be adversely impacted by such liabilities or costs, although management believes, based on current information, that the costs to address environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or liquidity. Costs related to any unknown existing or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable.

Future occurrences

In railroad and related transportation operations, it is possible that derailments or other accidents, including spills and releases of hazardous materials, may occur that could cause harm to human health or to the environment. As a result, the Company may incur costs in the future, which may be material, to address any such harm, compliance with laws and other risks, including costs relating to the performance of clean-ups, payment of environmental penalties and remediation obligations, and damages relating to harm to individuals or property.

Regulatory compliance

The Company may incur significant capital and operating costs associated with environmental regulatory compliance and clean-up requirements, in its railroad operations and relating to its past and
 

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U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


present ownership, operation or control of real property. Operating expenses for environmental matters amounted to $20 million in 2014, $18 million in 2013 and $16 million in 2012. In addition, based on the results of its operations and maintenance programs, as well as ongoing environmental audits and other factors, the Company plans for specific capital improvements on an annual basis. Certain of these improvements help ensure facilities, such as fuelling stations and waste water and storm water treatment systems, comply with environmental standards and include new construction and the updating of existing systems and/or processes. Other capital expenditures relate to assessing and remediating certain impaired properties. The Company’s environmental capital expenditures amounted to $19 million in 2014, $10 million in 2013 and $13 million in 2012.

Guarantees and indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, enters into agreements that may involve providing guarantees or indemnifications to third parties and others, which may extend beyond the term of the agreements. These include, but are not limited to, residual value guarantees on operating leases, standby letters of credit, surety and other bonds, and indemnifications that are customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business.

Guarantees

(a) Guarantee of residual values of operating leases

The Company has guaranteed a portion of the residual values of certain of its assets under operating leases with expiry dates between 2015 and 2022, for the benefit of the lessor. If the fair value of the assets at the end of their respective lease term is less than the fair value, as estimated at the inception of the lease, then the Company must, under certain conditions, compensate the lessor for the shortfall. As at December 31, 2014, the maximum exposure in respect of these guarantees was $194 million. There are no recourse provisions to recover any amounts from third parties.

(b) Other guarantees

As at December 31, 2014, the Company, including certain of its subsidiaries, had granted $487 million of irrevocable standby letters of credit and $106 million of surety and other bonds, issued by highly rated financial institutions, to third parties to indemnify them in the event the Company does not perform its contractual obligations. As at December 31, 2014, the maximum potential liability under these guarantee instruments was $593 million, of which $525 million related to workers’ compensation and other employee benefit liabilities and $68 million related to other liabilities. The letters of credit were drawn on the Company’s bilateral letter of credit facilities. The majority of the guarantee instruments mature at various dates between 2015 and 2016.

The Company is required to recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing certain guarantees on the date the guarantee is issued or modified. In addition, where the Company expects to make a payment in respect of a guarantee, a liability will be recognized to the extent that one has not yet been recognized. The Company had not recorded a liability as at December 31, 2014, with respect to its guarantee instruments as they related to the Company’s future performance and the Company did not expect to make any payments under its guarantee instruments.

General indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company has provided indemnifications, customary for the type of transaction or for the railway business, in various agreements with third parties, including indemnification provisions where the Company would be required to indemnify third parties and others. Indemnifications are found in various types of contracts with third parties which include, but are not limited to:

contracts granting the Company the right to use or enter upon property owned by third parties such as leases, easements, trackage rights and sidetrack agreements;

contracts granting rights to others to use the Company’s property, such as leases, licenses and easements;

contracts for the sale of assets;

contracts for the acquisition of services;

financing agreements;

trust indentures, fiscal agency agreements, underwriting agreements or similar agreements relating to debt or equity securities of the Company and engagement agreements with financial advisors;

transfer agent and registrar agreements in respect of the Company’s securities;

trust and other agreements relating to pension plans and other plans, including those establishing trust funds to secure payment to certain officers and senior employees of special retirement compensation arrangements;

pension transfer agreements;

master agreements with financial institutions governing derivative transactions;

settlement agreements with insurance companies or other third parties whereby such insurer or third-party has been indemnified for any present or future claims relating to insurance policies, incidents or events covered by the settlement agreements; and
 
acquisition agreements.

To the extent of any actual claims under these agreements, the Company maintains provisions for such items, which it considers to be adequate. Due to the nature of the indemnification clauses, the maximum exposure for future payments may be material. However, such exposure cannot be reasonably determined.

During the year, the Company entered into various indemnification contracts with third parties for which the maximum exposure for future payments cannot be reasonably determined. As a result, no liability was recorded. There are no recourse provisions to recover any amounts from third parties.
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
93
 
 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
17 Financial instruments

Risk management

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to various risks from its use of financial instruments. To manage these risks, the Company follows a financial risk management framework, which is monitored and approved by the Company’s Finance Committee, with a goal of maintaining a strong balance sheet, optimizing earnings per share and free cash flow, financing its operations at an optimal cost of capital and preserving its liquidity. The Company has limited involvement with derivative financial instruments in the management of its risks and does not hold or issue them for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign currency risk

The Company conducts its business in both Canada and the U.S. and as a result, is affected by currency fluctuations. Changes in the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and other currencies affect the Company’s revenues and expenses.

To manage foreign currency risk, the Company designates US dollar-denominated long-term debt of the parent company as a foreign currency hedge of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries. As a result, from the dates of designation, foreign exchange gains and losses on translation of the Company’s US dollar-denominated long-term debt are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, which minimizes volatility of earnings resulting from the conversion of US dollar-denominated long-term debt into the Canadian dollar; and enters into foreign exchange contracts as part of its cash management strategy.

As at December 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts with a notional value of US$350 million (US$325 million as at December 31, 2013). Changes in the fair value of forward contracts, resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates, are recognized in Other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income as they occur. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded a gain of $9 million ($6 million in 2013), before tax, related to the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts.

As at December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any other significant derivative financial instruments outstanding.

Interest rate risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. Such risk exists in relation to the Company’s long-term debt. The Company mainly issues fixed-rate debt, which exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of the debt. The Company also issues debt with variable interest rates, which exposes the Company to variability in interest expense.

To manage interest rate risk, the Company manages its borrowings in line with liquidity needs, maturity schedule, and currency and interest rate profile; and in anticipation of future debt issuances, may enter into forward rate agreements.
 
As at December 31, 2014, Accumulated other comprehensive loss included an unamortized gain of $7 million, $5 million after-tax ($8 million, $6 million after-tax as at December 31, 2013) relating to treasury lock transactions settled in a prior year, which is being amortized over the term of the related debt.

Fair value of financial instruments

For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such measurements involve developing assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information that is believed to be consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. Preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1:
Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
 
Level 2:
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3:
Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which the carrying amounts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under the following captions:

Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, Other current assets, Accounts payable and other

The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments purchased three months or less from maturity and are classified as Level 1. Accounts receivable, Other current assets, and Accounts payable and other are classified as Level 2 as they may not be priced using quoted prices, but rather determined from market observable information.

Intangible and other assets

Included in Intangible and other assets are equity investments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value, with the exception of certain cost investments for which the fair value is estimated based on the Company’s proportionate share of the underlying net assets. Investments are classified as Level 3 as their fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs.

 
94
2014 Annual Report
U.S. GAAP
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Debt

The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments, as well as discounted cash flows using current interest rates for debt with similar terms, company rating, and remaining maturity. The Company’s debt is classified as Level 2.

The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 for which the carrying values on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are different from their fair values:

   
December 31, 2014
   
December 31, 2013
 
 
Carrying
   
Fair
   
Carrying
   
Fair
 
In millions
amount
   
value
   
amount
   
value
 
Financial assets
                       
Investments (Note 8)
  $ 58     $ 183     $ 57     $ 164  
Financial liabilities
                               
Total debt (Note 10)
  $ 8,409     $ 9,767     $ 7,840     $ 8,683  


18 Segmented information

The Company manages its operations as one business segment over a single network that spans vast geographic distances and territories, with operations in Canada and the U.S. Financial information reported at this level, such as revenues, operating income, and cash flow from operations, is used by corporate management, including the Company’s chief operating decision-maker, in evaluating financial and operational performance and allocating resources across CN’s network.

The Company’s strategic initiatives, which drive its operational direction, are developed and managed centrally by corporate management and are communicated to its regional activity centers (the Western Region, Eastern Region and Southern Region). Corporate management is responsible for, among others, CN’s marketing strategy, the management of large customer accounts, overall planning and control of infrastructure and rolling stock, the allocation of resources, and other functions such as financial planning, accounting and treasury.

The role of each region is to manage the day-to-day service requirements within their respective territories and control direct costs incurred locally. Such cost control is required to ensure that pre-established efficiency standards set at the corporate level are met. The regions execute the overall corporate strategy and operating plan established by corporate management, as their management of throughput and control of direct costs does not serve as the platform for the Company’s decision-making process. Approximately 95% of the Company’s freight revenues are from national accounts for which freight traffic spans North America and touches various commodity groups. As a result, the Company does not manage revenues on a regional basis since a large number of the movements originate in one region and pass through and/or terminate in another region.
 
The regions also demonstrate common characteristics in each of the following areas:

(a)
each region’s sole business activity is the transportation of freight over the Company’s extensive rail network;

(b)
the regions service national accounts that extend over the Company’s various commodity groups and across its rail network;

(c)
the services offered by the Company stem predominantly from the transportation of freight by rail with the goal of optimizing the rail network as a whole; and

(d)
the Company and its subsidiaries, not its regions, are subject to single regulatory regimes in both Canada and the U.S.

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, no major customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenues and the largest rail freight customer represented approximately 2% of total rail freight revenues.

For the reasons mentioned herein, the Company reports as one operating segment.

The following tables provide information by geographic area:

In millions
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
Revenues
                   
Canada
    $ 8,108     $ 7,149     $ 6,770  
U.S.
      4,026       3,426       3,150  
Total revenues
    $ 12,134     $ 10,575     $ 9,920  
                           
Net income
                         
Canada
    $ 2,249     $ 1,762     $ 1,972  
U.S.
      918       850       708  
Total net income
    $ 3,167     $ 2,612     $ 2,680  
 
In millions
December 31,
    2014       2013    
Properties
                   
Canada
    $ 15,798     $ 15,056    
U.S.
      12,716       11,171    
Total properties
    $ 28,514     $ 26,227    
 

Canadian National Railway Company
U.S. GAAP
2014 Annual Report
95
 
 

 
Corporate Governance – Delivering Responsibly

 
CN is committed to being a responsible corporate citizen. At CN, sound corporate citizenship touches nearly every aspect of what we do, from governance to business ethics, from safety to en vironmental protection. Central to this comprehensive approach is our strong belief that good corporate citizenship is simply good business.

CN has always recognized the importance of good governance. As it evolved from a Canadian institution to a North American publicly traded company, CN voluntarily followed certain corporate governance requirements that, as a company based in Canada, it was not technically compelled to follow. We continue to do so today. Since many of our peers – and shareholders – are based in the United States, we want to provide the same assurances of sound practices as our U.S. competitors.

Hence, we adopt and adhere to corporate governance practices that either meet or exceed applicable Canadian and U.S. corporate governance standards. As a Canadian reporting issuer with securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), CN complies with applicable rules adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission giving effect to the provisions of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

As a Canadian company, we are not required to comply with many of the NYSE corporate governance rules, and instead may comply with Canadian governance practices. However, except as summarized on our website (www.cn.ca in the Delivering Responsibly – Governance section), our governance prac tices comply with the NYSE corporate governance rules in all significant respects.

Consistent with the belief that ethical conduct goes beyond compliance and resides in a solid governance culture, the Delivering Responsibly – Governance section on the CN website contains CN’s Corporate Governance Manual (including the charters of our Board and of our Board committees) and CN’s Code of Business Conduct. Printed versions of these documents are also available upon request to CN’s Corporate Secretary.

Because it is important to CN to uphold the highest standards in corporate governance and that any potential or real wrongdoings be reported, CN has also adopted methods allowing employees and third parties to report accounting, auditing and other concerns, as more fully described on our website.

We are proud of our corporate governance practices. For more information on these practices, please refer to our website, as well as to our proxy circular – mailed to our shareholders and also available on our website. CN understands that our long-term success is connected to our contribution to a sustainable future. That is why we are committed to the safety of our employees, the public and the environment; delivering reliable, efficient service so our customers succeed in global markets; building stronger communities; and providing a great place to work. Our sustainability activities are outlined in our Delivering Responsibly report, which can be found on our website: www.cn.ca

For the third straight year, CN’s practices have earned it a place on the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI), which includes an assessment of CN’s governance practices, in addition to being named to the DJSI North America index for the sixth consecutive year. CN was also recognized for climate change transparency for the sixth year in a row by earning a position in CDP’s Canada 200 Climate Disclosure Leadership Index.

CN received the Best Corporate Governance Award from IR Magazine in 2009, 2010, 2014 and 2015. As well, in 2011 we received the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance (CCGG) Award for Best Disclosure of Board Governance Practices and Director Qualifications; and in 2012 the CCGG Award for Best Disclosure of Approach to Executive Compensation.
 

96
2014 Annual Report
 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
 

 
nnual meetin
Shareholder and Investor Information

Annual meeting

The annual meeting of shareholders will be held at 8:30 a.m. CDT on April 21, 2015 at:

The Peabody Memphis
Venetian Room
149 Union Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee, US

Annual information form

The annual information form may be obtained by writing to:

The Corporate Secretary
Canadian National Railway Company
935 de La Gauchetière Street
West Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9

It is also available on CN’s website.

Transfer agent and registrar

Computershare Trust Company of Canada

Offices in:
Montreal, Quebec;
Toronto, Ontario;
Calgary, Alberta;
Vancouver, British Columbia

Telephone: 1-800-564-6253
www.investorcentre.com

Co-transfer agent and co-registrar

Computershare Trust Company N.A.
Att: Stock Transfer Department

Overnight Mail Delivery:
250 Royall Street, Canton MA 02021

Regular Mail Delivery: P.O. Box 43078,
Providence, RI 02940-3078

Telephone: 1-800-962-4284
 

Additional copies of this report are available from:

CN Public Affairs

935 de La Gauchetière Street
West Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9
Telephone: 1-888-888-5909
Email: contact@cn.ca
 
 
Shareholder services

Shareholders having inquiries concerning their shares, wishing to obtain information about CN, or to receive dividends by direct deposit or in U.S. dollars may obtain detailed information by communicating with:

Computershare Trust Company of Canada
Shareholder Services
100 University Avenue, 8th Floor
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1

Telephone: 1-800-564-6253
www.investorcentre.com

Stock exchanges

CN common shares are listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges.

Ticker symbols:
CNR (Toronto Stock Exchange)
CNI (New York Stock Exchange)

Investor relations

Janet Drysdale
Vice-President, Investor Relations
Telephone: 514-399-0052

Head office

Canadian National Railway Company
935 de La Gauchetière Street
West Montreal, Quebec H3B 2M9
P.O. Box 8100
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3N4

 


La version française du présent rapport est disponible à l’adresse suivante :

Affaires publiques du CN
 
935, rue de La Gauchetière Ouest
Montréal (Québec) H3B 2M9
Téléphone : 1-888-888-5909
Courriel : contact@cn.ca
 
 

 
Canadian National Railway Company
 
2014 Annual Report
97