| CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE | ||||
| Maximum Aggregate |
Amount of Registration | |||
| Title of Each Class of Securities Offered | Offering Price | Fee | ||
| Capped Dual Directional Contingent Buffer Equity Notes due 2019 | $5,030,000 | $609.64 | ||
| Pricing Supplement | Pricing Supplement No. 1,073 |
| To prospectus dated November 16, 2017, | Registration Statement Nos. 333-221595; 333-221595-01 |
| product supplement for knock-out notes dated November 16, 2017 and | Dated October 5, 2018; Rule 424(b)(2) |
| index supplement dated November 16, 2017 |
 |
Morgan Stanley Finance
LLC Capped Dual-Directional Contingent Buffer Equity Notes Linked to the S&P 500® Index due October 23, 2019 Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley Principal at Risk Securities |
General
| · | The securities are designed for investors who seek an unleveraged return (subject to the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity of $1,080.00 per security) equal to any appreciation, or an unleveraged return equal to the absolute value of any depreciation (of up to 14.30%), of the S&P 500® Index at maturity, and who anticipate that the Final Average Index Value will not be less than the Initial Index Value by more than 14.30%. Investors should be willing to forgo interest and dividend payments, and, if a Knock-Out Event occurs, meaning that the Final Average Index Value is less than the Initial Index Value by more than 14.30%, be willing to lose a significant portion or all of their principal. |
| · | Senior unsecured obligations of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”), fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley, maturing October 23, 2019†. |
| · | Minimum purchase of $10,000. Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. |
| · | The securities priced on October 5, 2018 and are expected to settle on October 11, 2018. |
| · | All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These securities are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets. |
Key Terms
| Issuer: | Morgan Stanley Finance LLC |
| Guarantor: | Morgan Stanley |
| Underlying Index: | S&P 500® Index |
| Knock-Out Event: | A Knock-Out Event occurs if the Final Average Index Value has decreased, as compared to the Initial Index Value, by more than the Knock-Out Buffer Amount (that is, if the Final Average Index Value is less than the Knock-Out Level). |
| Knock-Out Buffer Amount: | 14.30% |
| Knock-Out Level: | 2,472.933, which is approximately 85.70% of the Initial Index Value |
| Payment at Maturity: |
If a Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred, you will receive a cash payment at maturity per security equal to: · if the Final Average Index Value is greater than the Initial Index Value: $1,000 plus a return equal to $1,000 times the greater of (i) the Contingent Minimum Return and (ii) the Underlying Index Return, subject to the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity; or · if the Final Average Index Value is less than or equal to the Initial Index Value but is greater than or equal to the Knock Out Level: $1,000 + ($1,000 x Absolute Index Return). For additional clarification, please see “What is the Return on the Securities at Maturity Assuming a Range of Performance for the Underlying Index?” beginning on page 2. |
|
If a Knock-Out Event HAS occurred, you will receive a cash payment at maturity that will reflect the percentage depreciation in the Final Average Index Value from the Initial Index Value on a 1-to-1 basis. Under these circumstances, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount security will be calculated as follows: $1,000 + ($1,000 x Underlying Index Return). | |
| Under these circumstances, the Payment at Maturity will be less than the principal amount of $1,000, and will represent a loss of more than 14.30%, and possibly all, of your investment. | |
| Contingent Minimum Return: | 0% |
| Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity: | $1,080.00 per security (108% of the principal amount) |
| Index Closing Value: | On any day, the index closing value for the Underlying Index |
| Underlying Index Return: |
Final Average Index Value – Initial Index Value Initial Index Value |
| Absolute Index Return: | The absolute value of the Underlying Index Return. For example, a –5% Underlying Index Return will result in a +5% Absolute Index Return. |
| Initial Index Value: | 2,885.57, which is the Index Closing Value on the Pricing Date |
| Final Average Index Value: | The arithmetic average of the Index Closing Values on each of the five Valuation Dates |
| Valuation Dates: | October 14, 2019, October 15, 2019, October 16, 2019, October 17, 2019 and October 18, 2019† |
| Maturity Date: | October 23, 2019† |
| Pricing Date: | October 5, 2018 |
| Issue Date: | October 11, 2018 (3 business days after the Pricing Date) |
| Listing: | The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. |
| Estimated value on the Pricing Date: | $981.80 per security. See “Additional Terms Specific To The Securities” on page 2. |
| CUSIP / ISIN: | 61768DHA6 / US61768DHA63 |
† Subject to postponement for non-index business days or in the event of a market disruption event and as described under “Description of Notes—Postponement of Valuation Date(s) or Review Date(s)” in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes.
Investing in the securities involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-20 of the accompanying product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page 8 of this pricing supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes, index supplement and prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Price to Public (1) | Fees and Commissions (1)(2) | Proceeds to Us(3) | |
| Per security | $1,000 | $10.00 | $990.00 |
| Total | $5,030,000 | $50,300 | $4,979,700 |
| (1) | J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. will act as placement agents for the securities. The placement agents will forgo fees for sales to certain fiduciary accounts. The total fees represent the amount that the placement agents receive from sales to accounts other than such fiduciary accounts. The placement agents will receive a fee from the Issuer or one of its affiliates that will not exceed $10.00 per $1,000 principal amount of securities. |
| (2) | Please see “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” in this pricing supplement for information about fees and commissions. |
| (3) | See “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” on page 10. |
The agent for this offering, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”), is an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” below.
The securities are not deposits OR SAVINGS ACCOUNTS and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency OR INSTRUMENTALITY, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
References to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Morgan Stanley or MSFL, or Morgan Stanley and MSFL collectively, as the context requires.
| Morgan Stanley |  |
October 5, 2018
Additional Terms Specific to the Securities
You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated November 16, 2017, as supplemented by the product supplement for knock-out notes dated November 16, 2017 and the index supplement dated November 16, 2017. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the securities, supplements the preliminary terms dated October 2, 2018 and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Risk Factors” in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes, as the securities involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers in connection with your investment in the securities.
You may access these documents on the SEC website at .ww.w.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
| · | Product supplement for knock-out notes dated November
16, 2017: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000095010317011261/dp82809_424b2-knockout.htm |
| · | Index supplement dated November 16, 2017: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000095010317011283/dp82797_424b2-indexsupp.htm
| · | Prospectus dated November 16, 2017: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000095010317011237/dp82798_424b2-base.htm
Terms used in this pricing supplement are defined in the product supplement for knock-out notes, in the index supplement or in the prospectus.
The original issue price of each security is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the securities on the Pricing Date is less than $1,000. We estimate that the value of each security on the Pricing Date is $981.80.
What goes into the estimated value on the Pricing Date?
In valuing the securities on the Pricing Date, we take into account that the securities comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the Underlying Index. The estimated value of the securities is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to the Underlying Index, instruments based on the Underlying Index, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.
What determines the economic terms of the securities?
In determining the economic terms of the securities, including the Contingent Minimum Return, the Knock-Out Level and the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you.
What is the relationship between the estimated value on the Pricing Date and the secondary market price of the securities?
The price at which MS & Co. purchases the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Index, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the Pricing Date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type and other factors. However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 6 months following the issue date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Index, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value. We expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.
MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities, and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.
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What is the Return on the Securities at Maturity Assuming a Range of Performance for the Underlying Index?
The following table and graph illustrate the hypothetical return at maturity on the securities. The “Return on Securities” as used in this pricing supplement is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount security to $1,000. The hypothetical returns set forth below reflect the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity of $1,080.00 per security and assume an Initial Index Value of 2,500, a Knock-Out Level of 2,142.50 (which is 85.70% of the hypothetical Initial Index Value) and a Contingent Minimum Return of 0%. The actual Initial Index Value and Knock-Out Level are set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The hypothetical returns set forth below are for illustrative purposes only and may not reflect the actual returns applicable to a purchaser of the securities.
| Final Average Index Value | Underlying Index Return | Return on Securities |
| 4,000.00 | 60.00% | 8.00% |
| 3,750.00 | 50.00% | 8.00% |
| 3,500.00 | 40.00% | 8.00% |
| 3,250.00 | 30.00% | 8.00% |
| 3,000.00 | 20.00% | 8.00% |
| 2,875.00 | 15.00% | 8.00% |
| 2,700.00 | 8.00% | 8.00% |
| 2,625.00 | 5.00% | 5.00% |
| 2,500.00 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| 2,375.00 | -5.00% | 5.00% |
| 2,250.00 | -10.00% | 10.00% |
| 2,142.50 | -14.30% | 14.30% |
| 2,125.00 | -15.00% | -15.00% |
| 1,975.00 | -21.00% | -21.00% |
| 1,875.00 | -25.00% | -25.00% |
| 1,750.00 | -30.00% | -30.00% |
| 1,500.00 | -40.00% | -40.00% |
| 1,000.00 | -60.00% | -60.00% |
| 500.00 | -80.00% | -80.00% |
| 0 | -100.00% | -100.00% |
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| Securities Payoff Diagram |
 |
How it works
| § | Upside Scenario if the Underlying Index Appreciates. If the Final Average Index Value is greater than the Initial Index Value, the investor would receive the $1,000 principal amount plus 100% of the appreciation of the Underlying Index over the term of the securities, subject to the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity. |
| § | Absolute Return Scenario. If the Final Average Index Value is less than or equal to the Initial Index Value and is greater than or equal to the Knock-Out Level, the investor would receive a 1% positive return on the securities for each 1% negative return on the Underlying Index. |
| § | If the Underlying Index depreciates 10%, the investor would receive a 10% return, or $1,100 per security. |
| § | The maximum return you may receive in this scenario is a positive 14.30% return at maturity. |
| § | Downside Scenario. If the Final Average Index Value is less than the Knock-Out Level, the investor would receive an amount less than the $1,000 principal amount, based on a 1% loss of principal for each 1% decline in the Underlying Index. Under these circumstances, the Payment at Maturity will be less than 85.70% of the principal amount per security. There is no minimum payment at maturity on the securities. |
| § | If the Underlying Index depreciates 70%, the investor would lose 70% of the investor’s principal and receive only $300 per security at maturity, or 30% of the principal amount. |
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Hypothetical Examples of Amounts Payable at Maturity
The following examples illustrate how the return on the securities set forth in the table on the previous page is calculated.
Example 1: A Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred, and the Index Closing Value increases from the Initial Index Value of 2,500 to a Final Average Index Value of 3,250. Because the Underlying Index Return of 30% would result in a payment at maturity that is greater than the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity, the investor receives only the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity of $1,080.00 per security.
Example 2: A Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred, and the Index Closing Value increases from the Initial Index Value of 2,500 to a Final Average Index Value of 2,625. Because the Underlying Index Return of 5% is greater than the Contingent Minimum Return of 0%, the investor receives a payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount security, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 x 5%) = $1,050.00
Example 3: A Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred, and the Index Closing Value decreases from the Initial Index Value of 2,500 to a Final Average Index Value of 2,250. Because a Knock-Out Event has not occurred and the Final Average Index Value is less than the Initial Index Value by 10%, the investor receives the benefit of the absolute return feature and therefore receives a payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount security, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 x 10%) = $1,100.00
Example 4: A Knock-Out Event HAS occurred, and the Index Closing Value decreases from the Initial Index Value of 2,500 to a Final Average Index Value of 1,000. Because a Knock-Out Event has occurred, the investor loses the benefit of the absolute return feature, and receives an amount that is significantly less than the $1,000 principal amount, based on a 1% loss of principal for each 1% decline in the Underlying Index, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 x -60%) = $400.00
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Selected Purchase Considerations
| · | CAPPED APPRECIATION POTENTIAL; NO GUARANTEED RETURN OF ANY PRINCIPAL — The securities provide the opportunity to participate in the appreciation of the Underlying Index at maturity, subject to the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity. If a Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred and the Final Average Index Value is greater than the Initial Index Value, you will receive at maturity $1,000 plus a return equal to $1,000 times the greater of (i) the Contingent Minimum Return (which is 0%) and (ii) the Underlying Index Return, subject to the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity. If a Knock-Out Event HAS NOT occurred and the Final Average Index Value is less than or equal to the Initial Index Value but is greater than or equal to the Knock Out Level, you will receive at maturity $1,000 plus $1,000 times the Absolute Index Return. However, if a Knock-Out Event HAS occurred, you will lose a significant portion or all of your investment, based on a 1% loss for every 1% decline in the Final Average Index Value, as compared to the Initial Index Value. Because the securities are our unsecured obligations, payment of any amount at maturity is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due. |
| · | SECURITIES LINKED TO THE S&P 500® INDEX— The S&P 500® Index, which is calculated, maintained and published by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P”), consists of stocks of 500 component companies selected to provide a performance benchmark for the U.S. equity markets. The calculation of the S&P 500® Index is based on the relative value of the float adjusted aggregate market capitalization of the 500 component companies as of a particular time as compared to the aggregate average market capitalization of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. For additional information about the S&P 500® Index, see the information set forth under “S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying index supplement. |
| · | TAX TREATMENT — You should review carefully the section entitled “United States Federal Taxation” in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes. Although there is uncertainty regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities due to the lack of governing authority, in the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, under current law, and based on current market conditions, a security should be treated as a single financial contract that is an “open transaction” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Assuming this treatment of the securities is respected, your gain or loss on the securities should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the securities for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise, even if you are an initial purchaser of securities at a price that is below the principal amount of the securities. |
The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court, however, may not respect this characterization or treatment of the securities, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the securities could be significantly and adversely affected. For example, under one possible treatment, the IRS could seek to recharacterize the securities as debt instruments. In that event, you would be required to accrue into income original issue discount on the securities every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance and recognize all income and gain in respect of the securities as ordinary income. Additionally, as discussed under “United States Federal Taxation—FATCA” in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes, the withholding rules commonly referred to as “FATCA” would apply to the securities if they were recharacterized as debt instruments. The risk that financial instruments providing for buffers, triggers or similar downside protection features, such as the securities, would be recharacterized as debt is greater than the risk of recharacterization for comparable financial instruments that do not have such features. We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the tax treatment of the securities, and the IRS or a court may not agree with the tax treatment described above.
In 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses on whether to require holders of these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; whether short-term instruments should be subject to any such accrual regime; the relevance of factors such as exchange-traded status of the instruments and the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which any income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. holders should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these investments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” rule, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose an interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect.
As discussed in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities (each, an “Underlying Security”). Subject to certain exceptions, Section 871(m) generally applies to securities that substantially replicate the economic performance of one or more Underlying Securities, as determined based on tests set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations (a “Specified Security”). However, pursuant to an IRS notice, Section 871(m) will not apply to securities issued before January 1, 2021 that do not have a delta of one with respect to any Underlying Security. Based on our determination that the securities do not have a delta of one with respect to any Underlying Security, our counsel is of the opinion that the securities should not be Specified Securities and, therefore, should not be subject to Section 871(m).
Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter into other
6
transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If withholding is required, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to the amounts so withheld.
You should consult your tax adviser regarding the treatment of the securities, including possible alternative characterizations, the issues presented by the 2007 notice, the potential application of Section 871(m) and any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
The discussion in the preceding paragraphs under “Tax Treatment” and the section entitled “United States Federal Taxation” in the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes, insofar as they purport to describe provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitute the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities.
7
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the securities involves significant risks. Investing in the securities is not equivalent to investing directly in the Underlying Index or any of the component stocks of the Underlying Index. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section of the accompanying product supplement for knock-out notes dated November 16, 2017.
| · | YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE SECURITIES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS — The terms of the securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that we do not guarantee to pay you any of the principal amount of the securities at maturity and do not pay you interest on the securities. If a Knock-Out Event has occurred, you will be fully exposed to the depreciation in the Final Average Index Value as compared to the Initial Index Value on a 1-to-1 basis. If a Knock-Out Event has occurred, the Payment at Maturity on each security will be significantly less than the principal amount of the securities, and, consequently, the entire principal amount of your investment is at risk. |
| · | THE SECURITIES DO NOT PAY INTEREST – Unlike ordinary debt securities, the securities do not pay interest and do not guarantee any return of principal at maturity. |
| · | YOUR APPRECIATION POTENTIAL IS LIMITED – The appreciation potential of the securities will be limited by the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity. If the Final Average Index Value is greater than the Initial Index Value, the Payment at Maturity will never exceed the Maximum Upside Payment at Maturity, even if the Final Average Index Value is substantially greater than the Initial Index Value. The maximum positive return you can receive if the Underlying Index depreciates is also limited by the Knock-Out Level. |
| · | NO DIVIDEND PAYMENTS OR VOTING RIGHTS – As a holder of the securities, you will not have voting rights or rights to receive cash dividends or other distributions or other rights that holders of securities composing the Underlying Index would have. |
| · | THE SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO OUR CREDIT RISK, AND ANY ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED CHANGES TO OUR CREDIT RATINGS OR CREDIT SPREADS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE MARKET VALUE OF THE SECURITIES – You are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the securities at maturity, and therefore you are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations under the securities, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the securities prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in our credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the securities. |
| · | AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, MSFL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND WILL HAVE NO INDEPENDENT ASSETS – As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities. |
| · | THE RATE WE ARE WILLING TO PAY FOR SECURITIES OF THIS TYPE, MATURITY AND ISSUANCE SIZE IS LIKELY TO BE LOWER THAN THE RATE IMPLIED BY OUR SECONDARY MARKET CREDIT SPREADS AND ADVANTAGEOUS TO US. BOTH THE LOWER RATE AND THE INCLUSION OF COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ISSUING, SELLING, STRUCTURING AND HEDGING THE SECURITIES IN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE REDUCE THE ECONOMIC TERMS OF THE SECURITIES, CAUSE THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE SECURITIES TO BE LESS THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE AND WILL ADVERSELY AFFECT SECONDARY MARKET PRICES– Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., may be willing to purchase the securities in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the original issue price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the original issue price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type as well as other factors. |
The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the original issue price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the securities less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.
However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 6 months following the issue date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Index, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value, and we expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.
8
| · | THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE SECURITIES IS DETERMINED BY REFERENCE TO OUR PRICING AND VALUATION MODELS, WHICH MAY DIFFER FROM THOSE OF OTHER DEALERS AND IS NOT A MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM SECONDARY MARKET PRICE– These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the securities than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the securities. In addition, the estimated value on the Pricing Date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your securities in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your securities at any time after the date of this pricing supplement will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions. See also “Many economic and market factors will impact the value of the securities” above. |
| · | LACK OF LIQUIDITY — The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”) may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the securities, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the securities. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the securities easily. Since other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the securities, the price at which you may be able to trade your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were not to make a market in the securities, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the securities. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your securities to maturity. |
| · | POTENTIAL CONFLICTS — We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the issuance of the securities, including acting as calculation agent and hedging our obligations under the securities. In performing these duties, the economic interests of the calculation agent and other affiliates of ours are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities. We will not have any obligation to consider your interests as a holder of the securities in taking any corporate action that might affect the value of the Underlying Index and the securities. In addition, MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the securities on the Pricing Date. |
| · | HEDGING AND TRADING ACTIVITY BY OUR AFFILIATES COULD POTENTIALLY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE VALUE OF THE SECURITIES– One or more of our affiliates and/or third-party dealers have carried out, and will continue to carry out, hedging activities related to the securities (and to other instruments linked to the Underlying Index or its component stocks), including trading in the stocks that constitute the Underlying Index as well as in other instruments related to the Underlying Index. As a result, these entities may be unwinding or adjusting hedge positions during the term of the securities, and the hedging strategy may involve greater and more frequent dynamic adjustments to the hedge as the Valuation Dates approach. Some of our affiliates also trade the stocks that constitute the Underlying Index and other financial instruments related to the Underlying Index on a regular basis as part of their general broker-dealer and other businesses. Any of these hedging or trading activities on or prior to the Pricing Date could have increased the Initial Index Value, and, therefore, could have increased the value at or above which the Underlying Index must close on the Valuation Dates so that investors do not suffer a significant loss on their initial investment in the securities. |
| · | MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS WILL IMPACT THE VALUE OF THE SECURITIES — The value of the securities will be affected by a number of economic and market factors that may either offset or magnify each other, including: |
| · | the value, especially in relation to the Knock-Out Level, and the actual or expected volatility, of the Underlying Index; |
| · | the time to maturity of the securities; |
| · | the dividend rates on the common stocks underlying the Underlying Index; |
| · | interest and yield rates in the market generally; |
| · | geopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the stocks constituting the Underlying Index or stock markets generally and which may affect the Index Closing Value of the Underlying Index on the Valuation Dates; and |
| · | any actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads. |
Some or all of these factors will influence the price that you will receive if you sell your securities prior to maturity. For example, you may have to sell your securities at a substantial discount from the principal amount if a Knock-Out Event is likely to occur in light of the then-current level of the Underlying Index.
You cannot predict the future performance of the Underlying Index based on its historical performance. We cannot guarantee that a Knock-Out Event will not occur. You can review the historical values of the Underlying Index in “Historical Information” below.
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Use of Proceeds and Hedging
The proceeds from the sale of the securities will be used by us for general corporate purposes. We will receive, in aggregate, $1,000 per security issued, because, when we enter into hedging transactions in order to meet our obligations under the securities, our hedging counterparty will reimburse the cost of the Agent’s commissions. The costs of the securities borne by you and described on page 2 above comprise the Agent’s commissions and the cost of issuing, structuring and hedging the securities.
On or prior to the Pricing Date, we hedged our anticipated exposure in connection with the securities by entering into hedging transactions with our affiliates and/or third party dealers. We expect our hedging counterparties to have taken positions in stocks of the Underlying Index and in futures and/or options contracts on the Underlying Index or any component stocks of the Underlying Index listed on major securities markets. Such purchase activity could have increased the value of the Underlying Index on the Pricing Date, and therefore could have increased the value at or above which the Underlying Index must close on the Valuation Dates so that investors do not suffer a significant loss on their initial investment in the securities. In addition, through our affiliates, we are likely to modify our hedge position throughout the term of the securities, including on the Valuation Dates, by purchasing and selling the stocks constituting the Underlying Index, futures or options contracts on the Underlying Index or its component stocks listed on major securities markets or positions in any other available securities or instruments that we may wish to use in connection with such hedging activities. As a result, these entities may be unwinding or adjusting hedge positions during the term of the securities, and the hedging strategy may involve greater and more frequent dynamic adjustments to the hedge as the Valuation Dates approach. We cannot give any assurance that our hedging activities will not affect the value of the Underlying Index, and, therefore, adversely affect the value of the securities or the payment you will receive at maturity, if any.
Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the historical performance of the S&P 500® Index based on the daily historical closing values of the Underlying Index from January 1, 2013 through October 5, 2018. The closing value of the Underlying Index on October 5, 2018 was 2,885.57. We obtained the closing values of the Underlying Index below from Bloomberg Financial Markets. We make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg Financial Markets.
The historical values of the Underlying Index should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the Index Closing Value on the Valuation Dates. We cannot give you any assurance that a Knock-Out Event will not occur.
Historical Performance of the S&P 500® Index
“Standard & Poor’s®,” “S&P®,” “S&P 500®,” “Standard & Poor’s 500” and “500” are trademarks of Standard and Poor’s Financial Services LLC. See “S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying index supplement.
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Benefit Plan Investor Considerations
Each fiduciary of a pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) (a “Plan”), should consider the fiduciary standards of ERISA in the context of the Plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment in the securities. Accordingly, among other factors, the fiduciary should consider whether the investment would satisfy the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA and would be consistent with the documents and instruments governing the Plan.
In addition, we and certain of our affiliates, including MS & Co., may each be considered a “party in interest” within the meaning of ERISA, or a “disqualified person” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), with respect to many Plans, as well as many individual retirement accounts and Keogh plans (such accounts and plans, together with other plans, accounts and arrangements subject to Section 4975 of the Code, also “Plans”). ERISA Section 406 and Code Section 4975 generally prohibit transactions between Plans and parties in interest or disqualified persons. Prohibited transactions within the meaning of ERISA or the Code would likely arise, for example, if the securities are acquired by or with the assets of a Plan with respect to which MS & Co. or any of its affiliates is a service provider or other party in interest, unless the securities are acquired pursuant to an exemption from the “prohibited transaction” rules. A violation of these “prohibited transaction” rules could result in an excise tax or other liabilities under ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code for those persons, unless exemptive relief is available under an applicable statutory or administrative exemption.
The U.S. Department of Labor has issued five prohibited transaction class exemptions (“PTCEs”) that may provide exemptive relief for direct or indirect prohibited transactions resulting from the purchase or holding of the securities. Those class exemptions are PTCE 96-23 (for certain transactions determined by in-house asset managers), PTCE 95-60 (for certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts), PTCE 91-38 (for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds), PTCE 90-1 (for certain transactions involving insurance company separate accounts) and PTCE 84-14 (for certain transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers). In addition, ERISA Section 408(b)(17) and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide an exemption for the purchase and sale of securities and the related lending transactions, provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates has or exercises any discretionary authority or control or renders any investment advice with respect to the assets of the Plan involved in the transaction and provided further that the Plan pays no more, and receives no less, than “adequate consideration” in connection with the transaction (the so-called “service provider” exemption). There can be no assurance that any of these class or statutory exemptions will be available with respect to transactions involving the securities.
Because we may be considered a party in interest with respect to many Plans, the securities may not be purchased, held or disposed of by any Plan, any entity whose underlying assets include “plan assets” by reason of any Plan’s investment in the entity (a “Plan Asset Entity”) or any person investing “plan assets” of any Plan, unless such purchase, holding or disposition is eligible for exemptive relief, including relief available under PTCEs 96-23, 95-60, 91-38, 90-1, 84-14 or the service provider exemption or such purchase, holding or disposition is otherwise not prohibited. Any purchaser, including any fiduciary purchasing on behalf of a Plan, transferee or holder of the securities will be deemed to have represented, in its corporate and its fiduciary capacity, by its purchase and holding of the securities that either (a) it is not a Plan or a Plan Asset Entity and is not purchasing such securities on behalf of or with “plan assets” of any Plan or with any assets of a governmental, non-U.S. or church plan that is subject to any federal, state, local or non-U.S. law that is substantially similar to the provisions of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (“Similar Law”) or (b) its purchase, holding and disposition of these securities will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or violate any Similar Law.
Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries or other persons considering purchasing the securities on behalf of or with “plan assets” of any Plan consult with their counsel regarding the availability of exemptive relief.
The securities are contractual financial instruments. The financial exposure provided by the securities is not a substitute or proxy for, and is not intended as a substitute or proxy for, individualized investment management or advice for the benefit of any purchaser or holder of the securities. The securities have not been designed and will not be administered in a manner intended to reflect the individualized needs and objectives of any purchaser or holder of the securities.
Each purchaser or holder of any securities acknowledges and agrees that:
| (i) | the purchaser or holder or its fiduciary has made and shall make all investment decisions for the purchaser or holder and the purchaser or holder has not relied and shall not rely in any way upon us or our affiliates to act as a fiduciary or adviser of the purchaser or holder with respect to (A) the design and terms of the securities, (B) the purchaser or holder’s investment in the securities, or (C) the exercise of or failure to exercise any rights we have under or with respect to the securities; |
| (ii) | we and our affiliates have acted and will act solely for our own account in connection with (A) all transactions relating to the securities and (B) all hedging transactions in connection with our obligations under the securities; |
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| (iii) | any and all assets and positions relating to hedging transactions by us or our affiliates are assets and positions of those entities and are not assets and positions held for the benefit of the purchaser or holder; |
| (iv) | our interests are adverse to the interests of the purchaser or holder; and |
| (v) | neither we nor any of our affiliates is a fiduciary or adviser of the purchaser or holder in connection with any such assets, positions or transactions, and any information that we or any of our affiliates may provide is not intended to be impartial investment advice. |
Each purchaser and holder of the securities has exclusive responsibility for ensuring that its purchase, holding and disposition of the securities do not violate the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA or the Code or any Similar Law. The sale of any securities to any Plan or plan subject to Similar Law is in no respect a representation by us or any of our affiliates or representatives that such an investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by plans generally or any particular plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for plans generally or any particular plan. In this regard, neither this discussion nor anything provided in this document is or is intended to be investment advice directed at any potential Plan purchaser or at Plan purchasers generally and such purchasers of these securities should consult and rely on their own counsel and advisers as to whether an investment in these securities is suitable.
However, individual retirement accounts, individual retirement annuities and Keogh plans, as well as employee benefit plans that permit participants to direct the investment of their accounts, will not be permitted to purchase or hold the securities if the account, plan or annuity is for the benefit of an employee of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Morgan Stanley or Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (“MSSB”) or a family member and the employee receives any compensation (such as, for example, an addition to bonus) based on the purchase of the securities by the account, plan or annuity.
Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and its affiliates will act as placement agents for the securities and will receive a fee from the Issuer or one of its affiliates that will not exceed $10.00 per $1,000 principal amount of securities, but will forgo any fees for sales to certain fiduciary accounts.
MS & Co. is an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, and it and other affiliates of ours expect to make a profit by selling, structuring and, when applicable, hedging the securities.
MS & Co. will conduct this offering in compliance with the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., which is commonly referred to as FINRA, regarding a FINRA member firm’s distribution of the securities of an affiliate and related conflicts of interest. MS & Co. or any of our other affiliates may not make sales in this offering to any discretionary account.
Validity of the Securities
In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, as special counsel to MSFL and Morgan Stanley, when the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by MSFL, authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the MSFL Senior Debt Indenture (as defined in the accompanying prospectus) and delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such securities will be valid and binding obligations of MSFL and the related guarantee will be a valid and binding obligation of Morgan Stanley, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to (i) the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above and (ii) any provision of the MSFL Senior Debt Indenture that purports to avoid the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law by limiting the amount of Morgan Stanley’s obligation under the related guarantee. This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the MSFL Senior Debt Indenture and its authentication of the securities and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the MSFL Senior Debt Indenture with respect to the trustee, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated November 16, 2017, which is Exhibit 5-a to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed by Morgan Stanley on November 16, 2017.
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