As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2010
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Governing Instruments)
(Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
(Name and Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
With a Copy to:
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public: As soon as practicable after the registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check, the following box: o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | |
Non-accelerated filer x | Smaller reporting company o | |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered | Amounts to be Registered |
Proposed Offering Price Per Unit |
Proposed Aggregate Offering Price |
Amount of Registration Fee |
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Primary Offering |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | 32,500,000 | $ | 10.00 | $ | 325,000,000.00 | $ | 23,172.50 | |||||||||
Distribution Reinvestment Plan |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | 2,631,578 | $ | 9.50 | $ | 25,000,000.00 | $ | 1,782.50 | |||||||||
Total | 35,131,578 | $ | 350,000,000.00 | $ | 24,955.00 |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. The prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL TRUST, INC. Maximum Offering of 32,500,000 Shares of Common Stock |
American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. is a Maryland corporation that qualifies as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or REIT. We will invest primarily in freestanding, single-tenant retail properties net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants.
We commenced our initial public offering of shares of our common stock on January 25, 2008, which we refer to as our initial offering. As of November 15, 2010, we had raised gross offering proceeds of 505.3 million from 13,057 stockholders pursuant to our initial offering, which will terminate no later than July 24, 2011, or the date that the SEC declares this registration statement effective provided that the offering will be terminated if all shares are sold before then. As of November 15, 2010, we owned 235 geographically diverse properties comprising approximately 4.7 million square feet of gross leasable area, located in 35 states and Puerto Rico.
In this follow-on offering, we are offering up to 32,500,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, in our primary offering for $10.00 per share, with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers. We are also offering up to 2,631,578 shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at a purchase price of $9.50 per share. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
See Risk Factors for a description of some of the risks you should consider before buying shares of our common stock. These risks include the following:
| As of November 15, 2010 we have made 235 geographically diverse acquisitions but have not identified specific properties to acquire with the net proceeds we will receive from this follow-on offering. You will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of our future investments before we make them and there may be a substantial delay in receiving a return, if any, on your investment. |
| There are substantial conflicts among us and our sponsor, advisor, dealer manager and property manager, such as the fact that our principal executive officers own a majority interest in our advisor, our dealer-manager and our property manager, and our advisor and other affiliated entities may compete with us and acquire properties suitable to our investment objectives. |
| No public market currently exists, and one may never exist, for shares of our common stock. If you are able to sell your shares, you would likely have to sell them at a substantial discount. |
| Distributions payable to our stockholders may, without limitation, include distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of capital, reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties and negatively impact the value of your investment. |
| If we do not remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT, it would reduce the amount of income available for distribution and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. |
| You may not own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock. |
| We may incur substantial debt, which could hinder our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders or could decrease the value of your investment in the event that income on, or the value of, the property securing the debt falls, but we will not incur debt to the extent it will restrict our ability to qualify as a REIT. |
| We are dependent on our advisor to select investments and conduct our operations. Adverse changes in the financial condition of our advisor or our relationship with our advisor could adversely affect us. |
| We will pay substantial fees and expenses to our advisor, its affiliates and participating broker-dealers, which payments increase the risk that you will not earn a profit on your investment. |
| This is a best efforts offering and we might not sell all of the shares being offered. |
These are speculative securities and this investment involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of our common stock, determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete or passed on or endorsed the merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The use of projections in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary, and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any future benefit or tax consequence that may flow from an investment in this program is not permitted. All proceeds from this offering are funds held in trust until subscriptions are accepted and funds are released.
Price to Public | Selling Commissions |
Dealer Manager Fee |
Net Proceeds (Before Expenses) |
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Follow-On Primary Offering |
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Per Share | $ | 10.00 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 9.00 | ||||||||
Total Maximum | $ | 325,000,000 | $ | 22,750,000 | $ | 9,750,000 | $ | 292,500,000 |
The dealer manager of this offering, Realty Capital Securities, LLC, is a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is our affiliate and will offer the shares on a best efforts basis. The minimum investment amount generally is $1,000. See the Plan of Distribution section of this prospectus for a description of compensation that may be received by our dealer manger and other broker-dealers in this offering.
We commenced our initial public offering of 150,000,000 shares of common stock on January 25, 2008, which we refer to as our initial offering. We will offer shares under the initial offering until July 24, 2011, or the date that the SEC declares this registration statement effective provided that the offering will be terminated if all shares are sold before then. We will sell shares under the follow-on offering until the earlier of the date on which all shares under the follow-on offering have been sold or November 19, 2012, two years from the date of this prospectus.
November 19, 2010
An investment in our common stock involves significant risk and is only suitable for persons who have adequate financial means, desire a relatively long-term investment and who will not need immediate liquidity from their investment. Initially, we will not have a public market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that one will develop, which means that it may be difficult for you to sell your shares. This investment is not suitable for persons who require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a short-term investment.
In consideration of these factors, we have established suitability standards for initial stockholders and subsequent purchasers of shares from our stockholders. These suitability standards require that a purchaser of shares have, excluding the value of a purchasers home, furnishings and automobiles, either:
| a net worth of at least $250,000; or |
| a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. |
The minimum purchase is 100 shares ($1,000), except in certain states as described below. Purchases in amounts above the $1,000 minimum and all subsequent purchases may be made in whole or fractional shares, again subject to the limitations described below for certain states. You may not transfer fewer shares than the minimum purchase requirement. In addition, you may not transfer, fractionalize or subdivide your shares so as to retain less than the number of shares required for the minimum purchase. In order to satisfy the minimum purchase requirements for retirement plans, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs, and jointly meet suitability standards, provided that each such contribution is made in increments of $100.00 or ten (10) whole shares. You should note that an investment in shares of our company will not, in itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the Code.
The minimum purchase for Maine, New York, Tennessee and North Carolina residents is 250 shares ($2,500), except for IRAs which must purchase a minimum of 100 shares ($1,000). The minimum purchase for Minnesota residents is 250 shares ($2,500), except for IRAs and other qualified retirement plans which must purchase a minimum of 200 shares ($2,000). Following an initial subscription for at least the required minimum investment, any investor may make additional purchases in increments of at least 100 shares ($1,000), except for purchases made by residents of Maine and Minnesota, whose additional investments must meet their states minimum investment amount, and purchases of shares pursuant to the initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan and automatic purchase plan, which may be in lesser amounts.
Several states have established suitability requirements that are more stringent than the standards that we have established and described above. Shares will be sold only to investors in these states who meet the special suitability standards set forth below:
| Kentucky Investors must have either (a) a net worth of $250,000 or (b) a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, with the amount invested in this offering not to exceed 10% of the Kentucky investors liquid net worth. |
| Massachusetts, Ohio, Iowa, Pennsylvania and Oregon Investors must have either (a) a minimum net worth of at least $250,000 or (b) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. The investors maximum investment in the issuer and its affiliates cannot exceed 10% of the Massachusetts, Ohio, Iowa, Pennsylvania or Oregon residents net worth. |
| Michigan Investors must have either (a) a minimum net worth of at least $250,000 or (b) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. The maximum investment in the issuer and its affiliates cannot exceed 10% of the Michigan residents net worth. |
| Tennessee In addition to the suitability requirements described above, investors maximum investment in our shares and our affiliates shall not exceed 10% of the residents net worth. |
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| Kansas In addition to the suitability requirements described above, it is recommended that investors should invest no more than 10% of their liquid net worth in our shares and securities of other real estate investment trusts. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
| Missouri In addition to the suitability requirements described above, no more than ten percent (10%) of any one (1) Missouri investors liquid net worth shall be invested in the securities registered by us for this offering with the Securities Division. |
| California In addition to the suitability requirements described above, investors maximum investment in our shares will be limited to 10% of the investors net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobile). |
| Alabama and Mississippi In addition to the suitability standards above, shares will only be sold to Alabama and Mississippi residents that represent that they have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times the amount of their investment in this real estate investment program and other similar programs. |
In all states listed above, net worth is to be determined excluding the value of a purchasers home, furnishings and automobiles.
Each sponsor, participating broker-dealer, authorized representative or any other person selling shares on our behalf is required to:
| make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor based on information provided by such investor to the broker-dealer, including such investors age, investment objectives, income, net worth, financial situation and other investments held by such investor; and |
| maintain records for at least six years of the information used to determine that an investment in the shares is suitable and appropriate for each investor. |
In making this determination, your participating broker-dealer, authorized representative or other person selling shares on our behalf will, based on a review of the information provided by you in the subscription agreement (Appendix A), consider whether you:
| meet the minimum income and net worth standards established in your state; |
| can reasonably benefit from an investment in our common stock based on your overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; |
| are able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on your overall financial situation; and |
| have an apparent understanding of: |
| the fundamental risks of an investment in our common stock; |
| the risk that you may lose your entire investment; |
| the lack of liquidity of our common stock; |
| the restrictions on transferability of our common stock; |
| the background and qualifications of our advisor; and |
| the tax consequences of an investment in our common stock. |
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, the suitability standards must be met by the fiduciary account, by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares or by the beneficiary of the account. Given the long-term nature of an investment in our shares, our investment objectives and the relative illiquidity of our shares, our suitability standards are intended to help ensure that shares of our common stock are an appropriate investment for those of you who become investors.
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In order to ensure adherence to the suitability standards above, requisite criteria must be met, as set forth in the Subscription Agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix A. In addition, our advisor and dealer manager must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of our shares (including the purchase of our shares through the automatic purchase plan) is a suitable and appropriate investment for an investor. In making this determination, our advisor and dealer manager will rely on relevant information provided by the investor, including information as to the investors age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation, other investments, and any other pertinent information. Executed Subscription Agreements will be maintained in our records for six years.
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In accordance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended (the USA PATRIOT Act), the units offered hereby may not be offered, sold, transferred or delivered, directly or indirectly, to any Prohibited Partner, which means anyone who is:
| a designated national, specially designated national, specially designated terrorist, specially designated global terrorist, foreign terrorist organization, or blocked person within the definitions set forth in the Foreign Assets Control Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| acting on behalf of, or an entity owned or controlled by, any government against whom the U.S. maintains economic sanctions or embargoes under the Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| within the scope of Executive Order 13224 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism, effective September 24, 2001; |
| subject to additional restrictions imposed by the following statutes or regulations and executive orders issued thereunder: the Trading with the Enemy Act, the Iraq Sanctions Act, the National Emergencies Act, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the United Nations Participation Act, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act, the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994, the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act, the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996, the Cuban Democracy Act, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act and the Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriation Act or any other law of similar import as to any non-U.S. country, as each such act or law has been or may be amended, adjusted, modified or reviewed from time to time; or |
| designated or blocked, associated or involved in terrorism, or subject to restrictions under laws, regulations, or executive orders as may apply in the future similar to those set forth above. |
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Below we have provided some of the more frequently asked questions and answers relating to an offering of this type. Please see Prospectus Summary and the remainder of this prospectus for more detailed information about this offering.
Q: | Who is American Realty Capital Trust, Inc.? |
A: | We are the first REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. We are a Maryland corporation organized on August 17, 2007 which qualified as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2008. Since such time, American Realty Capital has sponsored seven other publicly offered REITS which include American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., or Recovery REIT, a Maryland corporation organized on October 6, 2009, Phillips Edison ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc., or PEARC, a Maryland corporation organized on October 13, 2009, American Realty Capital Retail Centers of America, Inc., or ARC RCA, a Maryland corporation organized on July 29, 2010, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc., or ARC HT, a Maryland corporation organized on August 23, 2010, American Realty Capital Trust II, Inc. or ARCT II, a Maryland corporation organized on September 10, 2010, Corporate Income Properties ARC, Inc., or CIP-ARC, a Maryland corporation organized on September 29, 2010 and American Realty Capital Trust III, Inc., or ARCT III, a Maryland corporation, organized on October 15, 2010. Additionally, American Realty Capital has sponsored Business Development Corporation of America, Inc., or Business Development Corporation, a Maryland corporation organized on May 5, 2010. Business Development Corporation is a publicly offered specialty finance company which has elected to be treated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. For additional information concerning these other American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs, please see the section in this prospectus entitled Conflicts of Interest. |
Q: | What is a REIT? |
A: | In general, a real estate investment trust, or REIT, is a company that: |
| makes an election to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| pays distributions to investors each year of at least 90% of its taxable income (excluding net capital gain), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid; |
| avoids the double taxation treatment of income that generally results from investments in a corporation because a REIT generally is not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes and excise taxes on its net income, provided certain tax requirements are satisfied; and combines the capital of many investors to acquire, with the proceeds from our initial offering and this follow-on offering, a large-scale diversified real estate portfolio under professional management. |
Q: | How do you differentiate yourself from your competitors who offer non-traded public REIT shares or real estate limited partnership units? |
A: | We focus on acquiring a diversified portfolio of freestanding, single-tenant retail and commercial properties that are net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. The net leases with our tenants allow us to pass through all operating and capital expenses items directly to our tenant. The tenant is billed directly for all expense items and capital costs and the tenant pays such costs directly to the provider without having to go through us. Multi-tenant retail and commercial properties, unlike our net lease properties, are subject to much greater volatility in operating results due to unexpected increases in operating costs or unforeseen capital and repair expenses. Our leases allow us to pass through these costs to the tenant. |
We intend to build a portfolio where 50% or more of our distributions are from rents guaranteed by investment grade tenants. We believe that in addition to simply having investment grade tenants in your portfolio, the majority of the properties must be tenanted by investment grade (S&P rated BBB- or better) companies in order to maximize the investors risk-adjusted return. While we intend to pay distributions equivalent to those of our competitors, we believe that the risk-adjusted returns on our portfolio are superior to those of our competitors due to the high concentration of investment grade tenants, the duration of our leases, i.e., 15 years and greater, and the net lease structure of these leases.
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Additionally, since we acquire long term leases with minimum, non-cancelable lease terms of ten or more years, the majority of which will be fifteen years or greater, we are less subject to vacancy risk and tenant turnover than our competitors who invest in multi-tenant properties. This allows us to better withstand periods of economic uncertainty versus properties with a number of short term leases. Our individual investments also tend to be smaller because we buy freestanding single-tenant properties versus multi-tenant properties such as malls, shopping centers and office buildings. This allows us to achieve much greater diversification by geography, tenant mix and property type. By achieving such diversification, we are less likely to be negatively affected by economic downturns in local markets.
Q: | Generally, what are the terms of your leases? |
A: | We seek to acquire properties that have leases with investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. We expect that our leases generally will be triple-net leases, which means that the tenant is responsible for all costs and expenses related to the use and operation of the property, including, but not limited to, the cost of maintenance, repairs, property taxes and insurance, utilities and all other operating and capital costs. In certain of these leases, we will be responsible for the repair and/or replacement of specific structural and load bearing components of a property, such as the roof or structure of the building. We expect that our leases generally will have terms of ten or more years, oftentimes with multiple renewal options. We may, however, enter into leases that have a shorter term. |
Q: | How will you determine creditworthiness of prospective tenants and select potential investments? |
A: | We determine creditworthiness pursuant to various methods, including reviewing financial data and other information about the tenant. In addition, we may use an industry credit rating service to determine the creditworthiness of potential tenants and any personal guarantor or corporate guarantor of each potential tenant. We will compare the reports produced by these services to the relevant financial and other data collected from these parties before consummating a lease transaction. Such relevant data from potential tenants and guarantors include income and cash flow statements and balance sheets for current and prior periods, net worth or cash flow of guarantors, and business plans and other data we deem relevant. |
Our Advisor considers relevant real property and financial factors in selecting properties, including condition and location of the property, its income-producing capacity and the prospects for its long-term appreciation. Acquisitions or originations of loans are evaluated for the quality of income, and the quality of the borrower and the security for the loan or the nature and possibility of the acquisition of the underlying real estate asset. Investments in other real estate-related securities will adhere to similar principles. In addition, we consider the impact of each investment as it relates to our portfolio as a whole.
Q: | What is the experience of your officers and directors both in real estate in general and with net leased assets in particular? |
Nicholas S. Schorsch has been the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of our company since its formation in August 2007. Mr. Schorsch has been the chief executive officer of our advisor and property manager since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Schorsch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of Recovery REIT since its formation in October 2009 and chief executive officer of Recovery REITs advisor and property manager since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Schorsch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARC RCA and chief executive officer of the ARC RCAs advisor since their formation in July and May 2010, respectively. Mr. Schrosch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARC HT and chief executive office of the ARC HTs advisor and property manager since their formation in August 2010. Mr. Schorsch has been chairman and the chief executive officer of Business Development Corporation since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Schorsch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARCT II and the chief executive officer of the advisor and property manager of ARCT II since their formation in September 2010. Mr. Schorsch has been the president and director of CIP-ARC since its formation in September 2010. Mr. Schorsch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARCT III and the chief executive officer of the advisor and property manager of ARCT III since their formation in October 2010.
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William M. Kahane has been a director and the president, treasurer and chief operating officer of our company since its formation in August 2007. Mr. Kahane has been president, chief operating officer and treasurer of our advisor and property manager since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Kahane has been a director and the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of Recovery REIT since its formation in October 2009. Mr. Kahane has been the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of Recovery REITs advisor and property manager since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Kahane has been the director of PEARC since its formation in October 2009. Mr. Kahane has been a director and the president and chief operating officer of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the president and chief operating officer of ARC RCAs advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Kahane has been a director and the president and treasurer of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the president and chief operating officer of ARC HTs advisor and property manager since their formation in August 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the director, president and chief operating officer of Business Development Corporation since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Kahane has been a director and the president and treasurer of ARCT II since its formation in September 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the president and treasurer of the advisor and property manager for ARCT II since their formation in September 2010. Mr. Kahane has been a director and the president and treasurer of ARCT III since its formation in October 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the president and treasurer of the advisor and property manager for ARCT III since their formation in October 2010.
Please also see the section entitled Management in this prospectus.
Q: | What is your environmental review policy? |
A: | We generally will not purchase any property unless and until we also obtain what is generally referred to as a Phase I environmental site assessment and are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. However, we may purchase a property without obtaining such assessment if our advisor determines it is not warranted. A Phase I environmental site assessment basically consists of a visual survey of the building and the property in an attempt to identify areas of potential environmental concerns. In addition, a visual survey of neighboring properties is conducted to assess surface conditions or activities that may have an adverse environmental impact on the property. Furthermore, local governmental agency personnel are contacted who perform a regulatory agency file search in an attempt to determine any known environmental concerns in the immediate vicinity of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment does not generally include any sampling or testing of soil, ground water or building materials from the property, and may not reveal all environmental hazards on a property. We expect that in most cases we will request, but will not always obtain, a representation from the seller that, to its knowledge, the property is not contaminated with hazardous materials. Additionally, many of our leases contain clauses that require a tenant to reimburse and indemnify us for any environmental contamination occurring at the property. |
Q: | Do you expect to enter into joint ventures? |
A: | Possibly. We may enter into joint ventures on property types that meet our overall investment strategy and return criteria that would otherwise not be available to us because the current owners may be reluctant to sell a 100% interest in their property. We may also enter into a joint venture with a third party who has control over a particular investment opportunity but does not have sufficient equity capital to complete the transaction. We may enter into joint ventures with our affiliates or with third parties. Generally, we will only enter into a joint venture in which we will control the decisions of the joint venture. If we do enter into joint ventures, we may assume liabilities related to the joint venture that exceeds the percentage of our investment in the joint venture. |
Q: | Will distributions be taxable as ordinary income? |
A: | Yes and no. Generally, distributions that you receive (not designated as capital gains dividends), including distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent the distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, distributions that we designate as capital gains dividends will generally be taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. We expect that |
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some portion of your distributions may not be subject to tax in the year received because depreciation expense reduces taxable income but does not reduce cash available for distribution. The portion of your distribution (not designated as a capital gain dividend or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified dividend income) that is in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits is considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of your investment. This defers a portion of your tax until your investment is sold or we are liquidated, at which time you will be taxed at capital gains rates. However, because each investors tax considerations are different, we recommend that you consult with your tax advisor. You also should review the section of this prospectus entitled Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. |
Q: | How does a best efforts offering work? |
A: | When shares are offered to the public on a best efforts basis, the brokers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell the shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we may not sell all of the shares that we are offering. |
Q. | What kind of offering is this? |
A: | This is a follow-on offering to our initial offering. Through our dealer manager, we are offering a maximum of $350,000,000 in shares in our primary offering on a best efforts basis for $10.00 per share. |
Q. | What is a follow-on offering? |
A: | Our initial offering commenced on January 25, 2008 and will terminate on or before July 24, 2011, or the date that the SEC declares this registration statement effective provided that the offering will be terminated if all shares are sold before then. We will continue to sell shares of our common stock pursuant to this second public offering, or follow-on offering, according to the terms, fees and conditions described in this prospectus. |
Q. | How long will this offering last? |
A: | This is a continuous offering that will end no later than November 19, 2012, two years from the date of the prospectus, unless extended. If we extend beyond November 19, 2012, we will supplement the prospectus accordingly. We may also terminate this offering at any time. |
Q: | What will you do with the money raised in this offering before you invest the proceeds in real estate? |
A: | Until we invest the net proceeds of this offering in real estate, we may use a portion of the proceeds to fund distributions and we may invest in short-term, highly liquid or other authorized investments, such as money market mutual funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, interest-bearing government securities and other short-term investments. We may not be able to invest the proceeds in real estate promptly and such short-term investments will not earn as high of a return as we expect to earn on our real estate investments. |
Q: | What is an UPREIT? |
A: | UPREIT stands for Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust. An UPREIT is a REIT that holds substantially all of its properties through a partnership in which the REIT holds an interest as a general partner and/or a limited partner, approximately equal to the value of capital raised by the REIT through sales of its capital stock. We use an UPREIT structure because a sale of property directly to a REIT generally is a taxable transaction to the selling property owner. In an UPREIT structure, a seller of a property that desires to defer taxable gain on the sale of its property may transfer the property to the UPREIT in exchange for limited partnership units in the UPREIT and defer taxation of gain until the seller later exchanges its UPREIT units on a one-for-one basis for REIT shares. If the REIT shares are publicly traded, at the time of the exchange of units for shares, the former property owner will achieve liquidity for its investment. Using an UPREIT structure may give us an advantage in acquiring desired properties from persons who may not otherwise sell their properties because of certain unfavorable U.S. federal income tax consequences. |
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Q: | Who can buy shares? |
A: | Generally, you may buy shares pursuant to this prospectus provided that you have either (a) a net worth of at least $70,000 and a gross annual income of at least $70,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $250,000. For this purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings and automobiles. Residents of certain states may have a different standard. You should carefully read the more detailed description under Suitability Standards immediately following the cover page of this prospectus. |
Q: | Who should buy shares? |
A: | An investment in our shares may be appropriate for you if you meet the minimum suitability standards mentioned above, seek to diversify your personal portfolio with a finite-life real estate-based investment, which among its benefits hedges against inflation and the volatility of the stock market, seek to receive current income, seek to preserve capital, wish to obtain the benefits of potential long-term capital appreciation, and are able to hold your investment for a time period consistent with our liquidity plans. Persons who require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a short-term investment, are not appropriate investors for us, as our shares will not meet those needs. |
Q: | May I make an investment through my IRA, SEP or other tax-deferred account? |
A: | Yes. You may make an investment through your individual retirement account (IRA), a simplified employee pension (SEP) plan or other tax-deferred account. In making these investment decisions, you should consider, at a minimum, (a) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing your IRA, plan or other account, (b) whether the investment satisfies the fiduciary requirements associated with your IRA, plan or other account, (c) whether the investment will generate unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to your IRA, plan or other account, (d) whether there is sufficient liquidity for such investment under your IRA, plan or other account, (e) the need to value the assets of your IRA, plan or other account annually or more frequently, and (f) whether the investment would constitute a prohibited transaction under applicable law. |
Q: | Is there any minimum investment required? |
A: | Yes. Generally, you must invest at least $1,000. Investors who already own our shares can make additional purchases for less than the minimum investment. You should carefully read the more detailed description of the minimum investment requirements appearing under Suitability Standards immediately following the cover page of this prospectus. |
Q: | What type of reports on my investment will I receive? |
A: | We will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment with us, including: |
| following our commencement of distributions to stockholders, four quarterly or 12 monthly distribution reports; |
| three quarterly financial reports only by written request; |
| an annual report; |
| an annual Form 1099; if applicable and |
| supplements to the prospectus during the offering period, via mailings or website access. |
We will provide this information to you via one or more of the following methods, in our discretion and with your consent, if necessary:
| U.S. mail or other courier; |
| facsimile; |
| electronic delivery; or |
| posting, or providing a link, on our affiliated website, which is www.americanrealtycap.com. |
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Q: | When will I get my detailed tax information ? |
A: | If applicable your Form 1099 tax information will be placed in the mail by January 31 of each year. |
Q: | How do I subscribe for shares? |
A: | If you choose to purchase shares in this offering and you are not already a stockholder, you will need to complete and sign a subscription agreement, like the one contained in this prospectus as Appendix A, for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time you subscribe. |
Q: | Who is the transfer agent? |
A: | The name and address of our transfer agent is: |
DST Systems, Inc.
430 W 7th St
Kansas City, MO 64105-1407
Phone (866) 771-2088
Fax (877) 694-1113
To ensure that any account changes are made promptly and accurately, all changes including your address, ownership type and distribution mailing address should be directed to the transfer agent.
Q: | Who can help answer my questions? |
A: | If you have more questions about the offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your registered representative or contact: |
Realty Capital Securities, LLC
Three Copley Place
Suite 3300
Boston, MA 02116
1-877-373-3522
www.americanrealtycap.com
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This prospectus summary highlights material information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand this offering fully you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the Risk Factors section and the financial statements, before making a decision to invest in our common stock.
We commenced our initial public offering of 150,000,000 shares of common stock on January 25, 2008, which we refer to as our initial offering. As of November 15, 2010, we had issued 51.8 million shares of common stock. Total gross proceeds from these issuances were $505.3 million. As of November 15, 2010, the aggregate value of all share issuances and subscriptions outstanding was $510.5 million based on a per share value of $10.00 (or $9.50 per share for shares issued under the DRIP). We will offer these shares until July 24, 2011, or the date that the SEC declares this registration statement effective provided that the offering will be terminated if all shares are sold before then, provided that the offering will be terminated if all of the shares are sold before then. As of November 15, 2010, there were approximately 98.5 million shares of our common stock outstanding, excluding shares available under the initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan.
In this follow-on offering, we are offering up to 32,500,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, in our primary offering for $10.00 per share, with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers.
American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. is a Maryland corporation, incorporated on August 17, 2007 that qualifies as a REIT. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering to acquire and operate a portfolio of commercial real estate primarily consisting of freestanding, single-tenant properties net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants located throughout the United States and Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Because we have invested in a limited number of properties and have not yet identified any specific additional properties to purchase, other than as described in the Investment Objectives and Policies section herein, we may be considered to be a blind pool.
Our corporate offices are located at 106 York Road, Jenkintown, PA 19046. Our telephone number is 215-887-2189. Our fax number is 215-887-2585, and the e-mail address of our investor relations department is investorservices@americanrealtycap.com.
Our executive offices are located at 405 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Our telephone number is 212-415-6500 and our fax number is 212-421-5799.
Our regional sales offices are located at Three Copley Place, Suite 3300, Boston, MA 02116. Our telephone number is 877-373-2522 and our fax number is 857-350-9597.
Additional information about us and our affiliates may be obtained at www.americanrealtycap.com, but the contents of that site are not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this prospectus.
If we remain qualified as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. To maintain our REIT qualification under the Code, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) to our stockholders, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. If we fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT in any subsequent year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our income for that year will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and we may be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT for the four-year period following our failure to qualify as a REIT. Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income and property and to U.S. federal income taxes and excise taxes on our undistributed income. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
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American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is our advisor and is responsible for managing our affairs on a day-to-day basis and for identifying and making acquisitions on our behalf.
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Currently, we have five directors, Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Leslie D. Michelson, William G. Stanley and Robert H. Burns. Each of the latter three is independent of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. Each of our executive officers and two of our directors are affiliated with American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. Our charter, which requires that a majority of our directors be independent of us, our sponsor, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, or any of our or their affiliates, provides that our independent directors will be responsible for reviewing the performance of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and must approve other matters set forth in our charter. See the Conflicts of Interest Certain Conflict Resolution Procedures section of this prospectus. Our directors will be elected annually by the stockholders.
We expect to own substantially all of our real estate properties through American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership. We may, however, own properties directly, through subsidiaries of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. or through other entities. We are the sole general partner of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. and American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC is the initial limited partner of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. Our ownership of properties in American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. is referred to as an UPREIT. This UPREIT structure may enable sellers of properties to transfer their properties to American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. in exchange for limited partnership units of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. and defer potential gain recognition for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to such transfers of properties. The holders of units in American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. may have their units redeemed for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock. At present, we have no plans to acquire any specific properties in exchange for units of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P.
Following are some of the risks relating to your investment:
| Our advisor and its affiliates will face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts among us and our advisor, since (a) our principal executive officers own a majority interest in our advisor, our dealer manager and our property manager, (b) our advisor and other affiliated entities may compete with us and acquire properties suitable to our investment objectives, and (c) our advisors compensation arrangements with us and other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs may provide incentives that are not aligned with the interests of our stockholders. |
| This may be considered a blind pool offering since we own a limited number of properties and, other than as described in the Investment Objectives and Policies section herein, we have not identified any specific additional properties to acquire with the proceeds of this offering. As a result, you will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of all of our future investments prior to our making them and there may be a substantial delay in receiving a return, if any, on your investment. |
| Our charter generally prohibits you from acquiring or owning, directly or indirectly, more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock and contains additional restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our shares. Therefore, your ability to control the direction of our company will be limited. |
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| No public market currently exists for shares of our common stock and one may never exist. If you are able to sell your shares, you would likely have to sell them at a substantial discount from their public offering price. |
| This is a best efforts offering and we might not sell all of the shares being offered. If we raise substantially less than the maximum follow-on offering, we may not be able to invest in a diverse portfolio of properties, and the value of your investment may vary more widely with the performance of specific properties. There is a greater risk that you will lose money in your investment if we cannot diversify our portfolio of investments by geographic location, tenant mix and property type. |
| We may incur substantial debt, which could hinder our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders or could decrease the value of your investment in the event that income on, or the value of, the property securing the debt falls, but we will not incur debt to the extent it will restrict our ability to qualify as a REIT. |
| Until the proceeds from this offering are invested and generating operating cash flow sufficient to make distributions to our stockholders, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital, reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties, and negatively impact the value of your investment. |
| If we fail to continue to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders would be adversely affected. |
| We are dependent on our advisor to select investments and conduct our operations. Adverse changes in the financial condition of our advisor or our relationship with our advisor could adversely affect us. |
| We will pay substantial fees and expenses to our advisor, its affiliates and participating broker-dealers, which payments increase the risk that you will not earn a profit on your investment. |
| Our board of directors has the authority to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without stockholder approval, with rights and preferences senior to the rights of holders of common stock, including rights to payment of distributions. If we issue any shares of preferred stock, the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on the common stock could be reduced or eliminated. |
| We may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the Investment Company Act) and thus subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act. |
Before you invest in us, you should carefully read and consider the more detailed Risk Factors section of this prospectus.
We employ a focused investment strategy: acquire single-tenant, freestanding properties, net-leased on a long-term basis to investment-grade and other creditworthy tenants. From a geographical standpoint, our target properties: (i) enjoy a strong location on Main Street, USA, e.g., pharmacies, banks, restaurants, gas/convenience stores; or (ii) are situated along high traffic transit corridors at locations carefully selected by the corporate tenant to support operationally essential corporate distribution/warehouse and logistical facilities.
We believe that American corporations, seeking to reduce the costs of distributing their goods and services, are re-evaluating supply chain management and distribution/warehouse capabilities. We believe that this has led to an increased need for well-located real estate from which corporations may cost-efficiently aggregate from suppliers and deploy to their regional retail stores. We consider these two operationally essential categories as complementary to our overall portfolio.
American Realty Capital Trust seeks to build a diversified portfolio comprised primarily of freestanding single-tenant bank branch, convenience store, retail, office and industrial properties that are double-net and triple-net leased to investment grade (S&P BBB- or better) and other creditworthy tenants. Triple-net (NNN)
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leases typically require the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property such as maintenance, insurance, taxes, structural repairs and all other operating and capital expenses. Double-net (NN) leases typically provide that the landlord is responsible for maintaining the roof and structure, or other structural aspects of the property, while the tenant is responsible for all remaining expenses associated with the property. We seek to build a portfolio where at least 50% of the portfolio will be comprised of properties leased to investment grade tenants. While most of our investment will be directly in such properties, we may also invest in entities that own or invest in such properties. We shall strive to assemble a portfolio of real estate that is diversified by industry, geography, tenants, credits, and use. We do not anticipate any single tenant or geographic concentration to comprise more than 10% of our portfolio. We anticipate that our portfolio will consist primarily of freestanding, single-tenant properties net leased for use as bank branches, convenience stores, retail, office and industrial establishments. Although we expect our portfolio will consist primarily of freestanding, single-tenant properties, we will not forgo opportunities to invest in other types of real estate investments that meet our overall investment objectives. Additionally, we expect to further diversify our portfolio by making first mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans on single-tenant net-leased properties. We will acquire or invest in properties and loans located only in the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Our advisor, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, will make recommendations to our board of directors for our investments. All acquisitions of commercial properties will be evaluated for tenant creditworthiness and the reliability and stability of their future income and capital appreciation potential. We will consider the risk profile, credit quality and reputation of potential tenants and the impact of each particular acquisition as it relates to the portfolio as a whole. Our board of directors will exercise its fiduciary duties to our stockholders in determining to approve or reject each of these investment recommendations. See the section of this prospectus captioned Investment Objectives and Policies Real Property Investments for a more detailed descriptions. As we acquire properties, we will supplement this prospectus to describe material changes to our portfolio.
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. The board is responsible for the overall management and control of our affairs. The board has retained American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC to manage our day-to-day affairs and the acquisition and disposition of our investments, subject to the boards supervision. As described in greater detail under Our Advisor, below, our advisor will be responsible for making investment decisions where the purchase price of a particular property is less than $15,000,000 and the investment does not exceed stated leverage limitations. Where such leverage limitations are exceeded, or where the purchase price is equal to or greater than $15,000,000, investment decisions will be made by our board of directors.
Because, other than as described in the Investment Objectives and Policies section herein, we have not yet identified any specific properties to purchase, we are considered to be a blind pool. As we acquire properties, we will supplement this prospectus to describe material changes to our portfolio.
The REIT has acquired the following real estate investments through November 15, 2010:
| 1 Advanced Auto location in Plainfield, MI on December 30, 2009 (Advanced Auto); |
| 3 build-to-suit retail auto parts stores for Advance Auto Parts, Inc. located in Harvest, AL, Vicksburg, MS and Crystal Springs, MS on June 4, 2010 (Advance Auto II); |
| 3 build-to-suit retail auto parts stores for Advance Auto Parts, Inc. located in Lafayette, LA, Slidell, LA and West Monroe, LA, on July 28, 2010 (Advance Auto III); |
| 1 freestanding fee simple store for OReilly Automotive, Inc. located in Joliet, Il on September 14, 2010 (OReilly Auto); |
| 4 free standing properties for AutoZone Inc. located in San Juan, PR, Guayama, PR, Ponce, PR and Humacoa, PR on September 30, 2010 (AutoZone); |
| 1 Advance Auto property in Dunkirk, NY on November 1, 2010 (Advance Auto IV); |
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| 6 recently constructed Bridgestone Firestone retail stores from a developer in various locations in OK and FL on various closings in December 2009 (5 locations) and January 2010 (1 location) (BSFS); |
| 12 recently constructed Bridgestone Firestone auto-centers from Mays Development Company located in Alburqueque, NM, Rockwell, TX Weatherford, TX, League City, TX, Crowley, TX, Allen, TX Pearland, TX, Austin, TX, Grand Junction, CO, Benton, AR, Wichita, KS and Baton Rouge, LA on February 26, 2010 (2 locations), March 15, 2010 (4 locations) and March 31, 2010 (6 locations) (BSFS II); |
| 1 build-to-suit warehouse facility for Reckitt Benckiser located in Tooele, UT, near Salt Lake City on February 16, 2010 (Reckitt Benckiser); |
| 2 free standing distribution facilities for Brown Shoe Company, Inc. in Lebec, CA and Payless Shoe Source in Brookville, OH on October 19, 2010 (Brown Shoe/Payless); |
| 1 FedEx Cross-Dock facility in Snowshoe, PA as its initial investment on March 5, 2008 (FedEx); |
| 1 FedEx Freight Facility located in Houston, TX on July 8, 2009 (FedEx II); |
| 1 FedEx Freight West Facility located in West Sacramento, CA on April 30, 2010 (FedEx III); |
| 1 free standing FedEx distribution facility located in Sioux Falls, SD on September 23, 2010 (FedEx IV); |
| 2 Fresenius Medical Care Distribution Facilities located in Apple Valley, CA and Shasta Lake, CA from the developer on January 29, 2010 (Fresenius); |
| 3 freestanding, fee simple Saint Josephs Mercy Medical office properties located in Hot Springs, Arkansas (Saint Josephs Mercy Medical); |
| 1 leasehold interest in a build-to-suit Home Depot Distribution Facility from the developer, located in Topeka, KS on December 11, 2009 (Home Depot); |
| 1 land parcel with ground lease to Home Depot located in Austell, TX, on September 10, 2010 (CSAA/Home Depot); |
| 6 Rite Aid properties in various locations in PA and OH from affiliated parties on September 29, 2008 (Rite Aid); |
| 1 Walgreens location located in Sealy, TX on July 17, 2009 (Walgreens); |
| 10 newly-constructed retail stores from CVS Caremark (CVS) located in 9 states IL, SC, TX, GA, MI, NY, AZ, NC and CA on September 18, 2009 and 1 land parcel and ground lease to CVS located in Chicago, IL on September 24, 2010 (CVS); |
| 15 newly-constructed retail stores from CVS located in 11 states AL, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IN, MA, MN, MO, NC and NV on November 19, 2009 (CVS II); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding pharmacy for Walgreen Co. located in Byram, MS on May 17, 2010 (Walgreens II); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding pharmacy for Walgreen Co. located in LeRoy, NY on June 30, 2010 (Walgreens III); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding fee simple retail store for CVS Pharmacy located in Decatur, GA on August 6, 2010 (CSAA/CVS); |
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| 5 build-to-suit freestanding fee simple pharmacies for Walgreen Co. located in Austin, TX, Chelsea, AL, Joliet, IL, Marysville, OH and Upper Arlington, OH on August 6, 2010 (CSAA/Walgreens); |
| 1 build to suite freestanding fee simple property for Walgreen Co. located in Grand Rapids, Minnesota on September 15, 2010 (Walgreens IV); |
| 1 build to suite freestanding fee simple property for Walgreen Co. located in Mount Pleasant, MI on September 16, 2010 (Walgreens V); |
| 5 recently constructed restaurants from Jack In the Box, Inc. located in Desloge, MO, The Dalles, OR, Vancouver, WA, Corpus Christi, TX and Houston, TX on February 24, 2010 (4 locations) and April 22, 2010 (I location) (Jack in the Box); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding restaurant for International House of Pancakes located in Hilton Head, SC on May 21, 2010 (IHOP); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding restaurant for International House of Pancakes located in Buford, GA on June 25, 2010 (IHOP II); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding restaurant for International House of Pancakes located in Cincinnati, OH on June 29, 2010 (IHOP III); |
| 6 restaurants from Jack In the Box, Inc. located in S. Houston, TX, Victoria, TX, Beaumont, TX, Ferris, TX and Forney, TX on June 30, 2010 (Jack in the Box II); |
| 19 build-to-suit freestanding restaurants for International House of Pancakes located in Rochester, NY, Roanoke, VA, Charlottesville, VA, Shawnee, KS, Alexandria, LA, Albuquerque, NM, Springfield, MT, Baton Rouge, LA, La Verne, CA, Memphis, TN (2 properties), E1 Paso, TX, Centerville, UT, Beaverton, Or, Salem, Or, Parker, Co, Sugar Land, Tx and E1 Paso Texas (2 Properties) and Topeka, KS on September 2, 2010 (14 properties) and September 3, 2010 (4 Properties) and September 8, 2010 (1 property) (IHOP IV); |
| 15 First Niagara (formerly Harleysville National Bank and Trust Company) bank branch properties in various PA locations on March 12, 2008 (First Niagara); |
| 18 Rockland Trust Company bank branch properties in various MA locations on May 2, 2008 (Rockland); |
| 2 PNC Bank (formerly National City Bank branches) in FL from affiliated parties on September 16, 2008 and October 23, 2008 (PNC Bank); |
| 50 PNC Bank, National Association bank branches in various locations in PA, NJ and OH on November 25, 2008 (PNC); |
| 2 land parcels with ground leases to Fifth Third Bank located in Montgomery, IL and Schaumburg, IL on August 6, 2010 (CSAA/Fifth Third Bank); |
| 2 land parcels with ground leases to Chase Manhattan Bank located in Carpentersville, IL and Northlake, IL on August 27, 2010 (CSAA/Chase Bank); |
| 3 build-to-suit properties from Jared the Galleria of Jewelry located in Amherst, NY, Lake Grove, NY and Watchung, NJ on May 6, 2010 (Jared Jewelry); |
| 1 build-to-suite property from Jared the Galleria of Jewelry located in Plymouth, MA on June 29, 2010 (Jared Jewelry II); |
| 4 build-to-suit freestanding retail properties for Tractor Supply located in DuBois, PA (on July 1, 2010), in Mansfield, PA and Elizabethville, PA (on August 12, 2010) and Lewisburg, West Virginia (on August 27, 2010) (Tractor Supply); |
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| 1 build-to-suit freestanding retail property for Tractor Supply located in Marksville, LA on November 15, 2010 (Tractor Supply II); |
| 1 build-to-suit freestanding retail property for Dollar General located in Jacksonville, FL on July 15, 2010 (Dollar General); |
| 1 freestanding supermarket for Super Stop and Shop located in Nanuet, NY on June 4, 2010 (Super Stop and Shop); |
| 14 fee simple properties for Kum & Go, L.C. located in Springfield, MO (8 properties), Hollister, MO, Bolivar, MO (2 properties), Waynesville, MO, Fair Grove, MO, Monet, MO, on September 16, 2010 (13 properties) and September 20, 2010 (1 property) (Kum & Go); and |
| 2 fee simple properties for Kum & Go, L.C. located in Adair, IA and Neola, IA on November 5, 2010 (Kum & Go II). |
The selected financial data presented below has been derived from our consolidated financial statements as of the periods indicated:
Balance sheet data (amounts in thousands)
September 30, 2010 |
December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
Total real estate investments, at cost | $ | 650,437 | $ | 338,556 | $ | 164,770 | $ | | ||||||||
Total assets | 339,610 | 339,277 | 164,942 | 938 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable | 285,668 | 183,811 | 112,742 | | ||||||||||||
Total short-term equity | | 15,878 | 30,926 | | ||||||||||||
Other notes payable | 12,790 | 13,000 | 1,090 | | ||||||||||||
Intangible lease obligation, net | 8,530 | 9,085 | 9,400 | | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 321,111 | 228,721 | 163,183 | 738 | ||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity | 348,500 | 110,556 | 1,759 | 200 |
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Operating data (amounts in thousands except per share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 |
Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 |
For the Period from August 17, 2007 (date of inception) to December 31, 2007 |
|||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 28,737 | $ | 14,964 | $ | 5,546 | $ | | ||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||||
Property management fees to affiliate | | 4 | | |||||||||||||
Asset management fees to affiliate | 850 | 145 | | | ||||||||||||
Acquisition and transaction related costs | 1,766 | 506 | | | ||||||||||||
General and administrative | 811 | 507 | 380 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 14,237 | 8,315 | 3,056 | | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 17,664 | 9,473 | 3,440 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 11,073 | 5,491 | 2,106 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
Other income (expenses) |
||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (12,511 | ) | (10,353 | ) | (4,774 | ) | | |||||||||
Interest income | 67 | 52 | 3 | | ||||||||||||
Gain on disposition of property | 143 | | | | ||||||||||||
Gains on sales to noncontrolling interest holders, net | 419 | | | | ||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments | (568 | ) | 495 | (1,618 | ) | | ||||||||||
Total other expenses | (12,450 | ) | (9,805 | ) | (6,389 | ) | | |||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,377 | ) | $ | (4,315 | ) | $ | (4,283 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | ||||
Other data |
||||||||||||||||
Modified funds from operations(1)(2) | $ | 13,579 | $ | 3,460 | $ | 477 | $ | | ||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operations | 11,242 | (2,526 | ) | 4,013 | (200 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash flows used in investing activities | (337,523 | ) | (173,786 | ) | (97,456 | ) | | |||||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities | 325,677 | 180,435 | 94,330 | 200 | ||||||||||||
Per share data |
||||||||||||||||
Net loss per common share basic and diluted | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.74 | ) | $ | (6.02 | ) | $ | | |||||
Distributions declared | $ | .70 | $ | .67 | $ | .65 | $ | | ||||||||
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 26,182,878 | 5,768,761 | 711,524 | |
(1) | We consider funds from operations (FFO) and modified funds from operations (MFFO) a useful indicator of the performance of a REIT. Because FFO calculations exclude such factors as depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of operating real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), they facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs in our peer group. Accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictability over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. As a result, we believe that the use of FFO and MFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our performance relative to our peers and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities. Other REITs may not define FFO and MFFO in accordance with the current National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) definition (as we do) or may interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do. Consequently, our presentation of FFO and MFFO may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other REITs. |
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(2) | The FFO and MFFO measurement is applicable for the nine months ended December 31, 2008. |
The following table sets forth our best estimates of how we intend to use the proceeds raised in this follow-on offering, assuming we sell the maximum number of shares pursuant to the initial offering as well as this follow-on offering. Depending primarily on the number of shares we sell in this follow-on offering, we estimate for each share sold in this follow-on offering approximately $8.71, as in the initial offering, will be available for the purchase of real estate. We will use the remainder of the offering proceeds to pay the costs of the offering, including selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, and to pay a fee to our advisor for its services in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties. The table below sets forth our estimated use of proceeds from this offering:
Maximum Initial Offering (Not Including Distribution Reinvestment Plan) |
Maximum Follow- On Offering(1) |
|||||||||||
Amount | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||
Gross Offering Proceeds | $ | 1,500,000,000 | $ | 325,000,000 | 100 | % | ||||||
Less Public Offering Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fee | 150,000,000 | 32,500,000 | 10.0 | % | ||||||||
Organization and Offering Expenses | 22,500,000 | 4,875,000 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
Amount Available for Investment | 1,327,500,000 | 287,625,000 | 88.5 | % | ||||||||
Acquisition and Development: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition and Advisory Fees | 13,275,000 | 2,545,481 | 0.885 | % | ||||||||
Acquisition Expenses | 6,000,000 | 1,150,500 | 0.4 | % | ||||||||
Initial Working Capital Reserve | 1,500,000 | 325,000 | 0.1 | % | ||||||||
Amount Invested in Properties | $ | 1,306,725,000 | $ | 283,604,019 | 87.115 | % |
(1) | The total amount raised between the initial and follow-on offering will not exceed $1.5 billion, excluding any funds raised by the distribution reinvestment plan. |
Our primary investment objectives are:
| to provide current income for you through the payment of cash distributions; and |
| to preserve, protect and return your invested capital. |
We also seek capital gain from our investments. Our core investment strategy for achieving these objectives is to acquire, own and manage a portfolio of freestanding commercial properties that are leased to a diversified group of creditworthy companies on a single-tenant, net lease basis. Net leases generally require the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property such as maintenance, insurance, taxes, structural repairs and all other operating and capital expenses (referred to as triple-net leases). See the Investment Objectives and Policies section of this prospectus for a more complete description of our investment policies and investment restrictions.
American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, as our advisor, will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs, including the following:
| The management personnel of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, each of whom may in the future make investment decisions for other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs and direct investments, must determine which investment opportunities to recommend to us or another American Realty Capital-sponsored program or joint venture, and must determine how to allocate resources among us and any other future American Realty Capital-sponsored programs; |
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| American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC may structure the terms of joint ventures between us and other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs; |
| American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will have to allocate their time between us and other real estate programs and activities in which they may be involved in the future; and |
| American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will receive fees in connection with transactions involving the purchase, financing, management and sale of our properties, and, because our advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us and is entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance, our advisors interests are not wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. |
Our officers and two of our directors also will face these conflicts because of their affiliation with American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. These conflicts of interest could result in decisions that are not in our best interests. See the Conflicts of Interest section of this prospectus for a detailed discussion of the various conflicts of interest relating to your investment, as well as the procedures that we have established to mitigate a number of these potential conflicts.
The following chart shows the ownership structure of the various American Realty Capital entities that are affiliated with American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC.
(1) | The investors in this offering will own registered shares of common stock in American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. |
(2) | The Individuals are our Sponsors, Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Peter M. Budko, Brian S. Block, and Edward M. Weil, Jr., whose ownership in the affiliates is represented by direct and indirect interests. |
(3) | American Realty Capital II, LLC currently owns 20,000 shares of our common stock. |
(4) | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. have entered into a Dealer Manager Agreement with Realty Capital Securities, LLC, which will serve as our dealer manager. |
(5) | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. have entered into an Advisory Agreement with American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, which will serve as our advisor. |
(6) | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. have entered into a Property Management Agreement with American Realty Capital Properties, LLC, which serves as our property manager. |
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(7) | American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. owns the properties indirectly through respective special purpose entities. |
For a summary of the prior offerings of our Sponsors see the section of this prospectus captioned Prior Offering Summary.
We commenced our initial public offering of shares of our common stock on January 25, 2008, which we refer to as our initial offering. As of November 15, 2010, we had raised gross offering proceeds of $505.3 million from 13,057 stockholders pursuant to our initial offering, which will terminate no later than July 24, 2011, or the date that the SEC declares this registration statement effective provided that the offering will be terminated if all shares are sold before then. As of November 15, 2010, we owned 235 geographically diverse properties comprising approximately 4.7 million square feet of gross leasable area, located in 35 states and Puerto Rico.
In this follow-on offering, we are offering up to 32,500,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share. for $10.00 per share, with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers. We are also offering up to 2,631,578 shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at a purchase price of $9.50 per share. We will sell shares under the follow-on offering until the earlier of the date on which all shares under the follow-on offering have been sold or November 19, 2012, two years from the date of this prospectus. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
Under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and in some states, we may not be able to continue the offering for these periods without filing a new registration statement. We may terminate this offering at any time prior to the stated termination date.
In our initial offering, our Advisor, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, and its affiliates receive compensation and reimbursement for services relating to the initial offering and the investment and management of our assets. In this follow-on offering, we will have the same compensation and fee structure as in our initial offering. The most significant items of compensation are included in the table below. The selling commissions and dealer manager fee may vary for different categories of purchasers. See the Plan of Distribution section of this prospectus. The table below assumes the shares are sold through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
Type of Compensation | Determination of Amount for Initial Offering and Follow-On Offering | Amounts Paid in Initial Offering (as of September 30, 2010) | Estimated Amount for Maximum Initial Offering (150,000,000 shares) | Estimated Maximum Amount for Follow-On Offering (32,500,000 shares) | ||||||||||||
Selling Commission | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 7% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; Realty Capital Securities, LLC will reallow all selling commissions to participating broker-dealers. |
$ | 25,773,000 | $ | 105,000,000 | $ | 24,500,000 | |||||||||
Dealer Manager Fee | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 3% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; Realty Capital Securities, LLC may reallow all or a portion of its dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers. |
$ | 12,126,000 | $ | 45,000,000 | $ | 10,500,000 | |||||||||
Other Organization and Offering Expenses |
We will reimburse American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses. |
$ | 16,953,000 | $ | 22,500,000 | $ | 5,250,000 |
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Type of Compensation | Determination of Amount for Initial Offering and Follow-On Offering | Amounts Paid in Initial Offering (as of September 30, 2010) | Estimated Amount for Maximum Initial Offering (150,000,000 shares) | Estimated Maximum Amount for Follow-On Offering (32,500,000 shares) | |||||||||||||
Operational Stage | |||||||||||||||||
Acquisition Fees | We will pay to American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC 1% of the contract purchase price of each property acquired. |
6,509,000 | $ | 13,275,000 | $ | 3,500,000 | |||||||||||
Acquisition Expenses | We will reimburse American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC for acquisition expenses (including personnel costs) incurred in acquiring property We expect these fees to be approximately 0.5% of the purchase price of each property. In no event will the total of all acquisition and advisory fees and acquisition expenses payable with respect to a particular investment exceed 4% of the contract purchase price. |
3,524,960 | $ | 6,000,000 | $ | 1,750,000 | |||||||||||
Asset Management Fees | We will pay American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC a yearly fee equal to 1% of the contract purchase price of each property plus costs and expenses incurred by the advisor in providing asset management services, payable semiannually, based on assets held by us on the measurement date, adjusted for appropriate closing dates for individual property acquisitions. |
995,000 | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of aggregate asset value there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of aggregate asset value there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
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Type of Compensation | Determination of Amount for Initial Offering and Follow-On Offering | Amounts Paid in Initial Offering (as of September 30, 2010) | Estimated Amount for Maximum Initial Offering (150,000,000 shares) | Estimated Maximum Amount for Follow-On Offering (32,500,000 shares) | ||||||||||||
Property Management and Leasing Fees |
For the management and leasing of our properties, we will pay to American Realty Capital Properties, LLC, an affiliate of our advisor, a property management fee (a) 2% of gross revenues from our single tenant properties and (b) 4% of gross revenues from our multi-tenant properties, plus, in each case, market- based leasing commissions applicable to the geographic location of the property. We also will reimburse American Realty Capital Properties, LLCs costs of managing the properties. American Realty Capital Properties, LLC or its affiliates may also receive a fee for the initial leasing of newly constructed properties, which would generally equal one months rent. In the unlikely event that American Realty Capital Properties, LLC assists a tenant with tenant improvements, a separate fee may be charged to, and payable by, us. This fee will not exceed 5% of the cost of the tenant improvements. The aggregate of all property management and leasing fees paid to our affiliates plus all payments to third parties for such fees will not exceed the amount that other nonaffiliated management and leasing companies generally charge for similar services in the same geographic location as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area. |
| Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of gross revenue and/or market rates, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of gross revenue and/or market rates, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
||||||||||||
Operating Expenses | We will reimburse our advisors costs of providing administrative services, subject to the limitation that we will not reimburse our advisor for any amount by which our operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the greater of (a) 2% of average invested assets, or (b) 25% of net income other than any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debt or other similar noncash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of assets for that period. Additionally, we will not reimburse our advisor for personnel costs in connection with services for which the advisor receives acquisition fees or real estate commissions. |
| Not determinable at this time. |
Not determinable at this time. |
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Type of Compensation | Determination of Amount for Initial Offering and Follow-On Offering | Amounts Paid in Initial Offering (as of September 30, 2010) | Estimated Amount for Maximum Initial Offering (150,000,000 shares) | Estimated Maximum Amount for Follow-On Offering (32,500,000 shares) | |||||||||||||
Financing Coordination Fee |
If our advisor provides services in connection with the origination or refinancing of any debt that we obtain, and use to acquire properties or to make other permitted investments, or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties, we will pay the advisor a financing coordination fee equal to 1% of the amount available and/or outstanding under such financing, subject to certain limitations. |
5,797,000 | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of any debt financing there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of any debt financing there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
|||||||||||||
Liquidation/Listing Stage | |||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Commissions |
A brokerage commission paid on the sale of property, not to exceed the lesser of one-half of reasonable, customary and competitive real estate commission or 3% of the contract price for property sold (inclusive of any commission paid to outside brokers), in each case, payable to our advisor if our advisor or its affiliates, as determined by a majority of the independent directors, provided a substantial amount of services in connection with the sale. |
| Not determinable at this time. Because the commission is based on a fixed percentage of the contract price for a sold property, there is no maximum dollar amount of these commissions. |
Not determinable at this time. Because the commission is based on a fixed percentage of the contract price for a sold property, there is no maximum dollar amount of these commissions. |
|||||||||||||
Subordinated Participation in Net Sale Proceeds (payable only if we are not listed on an exchange) |
15% of remaining net sale proceeds after return of capital contributions plus payment to investors of a 6% cumulative, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisors and its affiliates incentive compensation. We will not be entitled to the Subordinated Participation in Net Sale Proceeds unless our investors have received a 6% cumulative non-compounded return on their capital contributions. |
| Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of these payments. |
Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of these payments. |
|||||||||||||
Subordinated Incentive Listing Fee (payable only if we are listed on an exchange, which we have no intention to do at this time) |
15% of the amount by which our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an 6% cumulative, non-compounded annual return to investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisors and its affiliates incentive compensation. We will not be entitled to the Subordinated Incentive Listing Fee unless our investors have received a 6% cumulative non-compounded return on their capital contributions. |
| Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
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The following table sets forth the fees and expenses paid through September 30, 2010 (amounts in thousands):
Total Fees Paid | Total Fees Deferred | Total Fees Forgiven | ||||||||||
January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||
Organizational and Offering Expenses | $ | 2,289 | $ | | $ | 200 | ||||||
Acquisition Fees | $ | 1,507 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Finance Coordination Fees | $ | 1,131 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Property management Fees | $ | | $ | | $ | 100 | ||||||
Asset Management Fees | $ | | $ | | $ | 733 | ||||||
January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 |
||||||||||||
Organizational and Offering Expenses | $ | 7,202 | $ | | $ | 3,800 | ||||||
Acquisition Fees | $ | 1,690 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Finance Coordination Fees | $ | 880 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Property management Fees | $ | | $ | | $ | 300 | ||||||
Asset Management Fees | $ | 145 | $ | | $ | 1,779 | ||||||
January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2010 |
||||||||||||
Organizational and Offering Expenses | $ | 7,462 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Acquisition Fees | $ | 6,509 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Finance Coordination Fees | $ | 3,786 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Property management Fees | $ | | $ | | $ | 536 | ||||||
Asset Management Fees | $ | 850 | $ | | $ | 2,595 |
Amounts paid to the advisor include approximately of $10,728 million offering costs incurred by the affiliated Advisor and Dealer Manager that exceeds 1.5% of gross offering proceeds earned cumulatively through September 30, 2010. Any organizational or offering expenses that exceed 1.5% of gross offering proceeds over the term of the offering will be the Advisors obligation.
The Company pays the Advisor an annualized asset management fee of up to 1.0% based on the aggregate contract purchase price of all properties. Through September 30, 2010, the Company paid $1 million to the Advisor and will determine if such fees will be partially waived in subsequent periods on a quarter-to-quarter basis. Such waived fees cumulatively through September 30, 2010 total approximately $5 million.
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To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required, among other things, to generally make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. We calculate our monthly distributions based upon daily record and distribution declaration dates so investors may be entitled to distributions immediately upon purchasing our shares. The payment date is the 2nd day following each month-end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the applicable period.
On February 25, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a distribution for each monthly period commencing 30 days subsequent to acquiring our initial portfolio of real estate investments. Accordingly, our daily distributions commenced accruing on April 5, 2008. The REITs initial distribution payment was paid to shareholders on May 21, 2008 representing distributions accrued from April 5, 2008 through April 30, 2008. Subsequently, we modified the payment date to the 2nd day following each month-end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the applicable period. The distribution was calculated based on stockholders of record each day during the applicable period at a rate of $0.00178082191 per day, and equaled a daily amount that, if paid each day for a 365-day period, equaled a 6.5% annualized rate based on the share price of $10.00.
On November 5, 2008, the Board of Directors of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. (the Company) approved an increase in its annual cash distribution from $.65 to $.67, paid monthly. Based on a $10.00 share price, this 20-basis point increase, effective January 2, 2009, will result in an annualized distribution rate of 6.7%. For the period from January 1, 2008 through October 20, 2009 distributions paid totaled $2,414,456, inclusive of $933,631 of common shares issued under the distribution reinvestment plan. As of October 20, 2009, cash used to pay our distributions was entirely generated from funds received from operating activities and fee waivers from our Advisor. Our distributions have not been paid from any other sources. We have continued to pay distributions to our shareholders each month since our initial distributions payment.
On October 5, 2009, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a special distribution of $0.05 per share payable to shareholders of record on December 31, 2009. This special distribution will be paid in January 2010, and shall be paid in addition to the current annualized distribution of $0.67 per share. In the event we do not have enough cash to make distributions in the future, we may borrow, use proceeds from this offering, issue additional securities or sell assets in order to fund distributions.
On January 27, 2010, the Board of Directors approved an increase in its annual cash distribution from $.67 to $.70, paid monthly. Based on a $10.00 share price, this 30 basis point increase, effective April 1, 2010, will result in an annualized distribution rate of 7.0%.
To date, the Companys distributions have been paid with a combination of cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the sales of common stock. There can be no assurance that cash flows from operations will be sufficient to pay distributions in future periods.
The following table summarizes the Companys historical and prospective distribution rate, reflecting the special distribution and increase to the annual rate effective April 1, 2010 noted above:
Period | Annualized Distribution Rate |
Number of Months |
||||||
May 2008(1) to December 2008 | 6.5 | % | 8 | |||||
January 2009 to March 2010 | 6.7 | % | 15 | |||||
Special Distribution January 2010(2) | 0.5 | % | | |||||
7.2 | %(2) | |||||||
April 2010 to September 30, 2010 | 7 | % | 6 |
(1) | initial distribution was paid in May 2008. |
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(2) | payable to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2009, resulting in a minimum distribution rate of 7.2% for an investor who owned a common share of the Company for the full year ended December 31, 2009. |
The Company determined distributions paid to shareholders in 2009 to be reported as nondividend distributions on Form 1099 for the applicable period. Accordingly, such distributions are generally not subject to ordinary income tax in the related period. This tax characterization is consistent with distributions paid to shareholders in 2008. The tax characterization of the Companys distributions is determined on an annual basis.
The portion of the distribution that is not subject to tax in a respective tax year is considered a return of capital for tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of a shareholders investment. This defers a portion of applicable taxes until the investment is sold or the Company is liquidated, at which time the shareholder will be taxed at capital gains rates. However, because each investors tax considerations are different, the Company recommends that investors consult with their tax advisor.
23
The following is a chart of monthly distributions declared and paid since the commencement of the offering:
Total | Cash | Distribution Reinvestment Plan | ||||||||||
2008: |
||||||||||||
April | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
May | 30,262 | 22,008 | 8,254 | |||||||||
June | 49,638 | 35,283 | 14,355 | |||||||||
July | 55,042 | 34,788 | 20,254 | |||||||||
August | 57,584 | 36,519 | 21,065 | |||||||||
September | 61,395 | 39,361 | 22,034 | |||||||||
October | 61,425 | 41,078 | 20,347 | |||||||||
November | 65,496 | 43,646 | 21,850 | |||||||||
December | 64,442 | 42,876 | 21,566 | |||||||||
$ | 445,284 | $ | 295,559 | $ | 149,725 | |||||||
2009: |
||||||||||||
January | $ | 69,263 | 46,227 | $ | 23,036 | |||||||
February | 76,027 | 50,214 | 25,813 | |||||||||
March | 74,915 | 49,020 | 25,895 | |||||||||
April | 101,282 | 64,375 | 36,907 | |||||||||
May | 128,867 | 78,604 | 50,263 | |||||||||
June | 180,039 | 106,741 | 73,298 | |||||||||
July | 217,325 | 127,399 | 89,926 | |||||||||
August | 290,230 | 177,620 | 112,610 | |||||||||
September | 375,926 | 220,165 | 155,761 | |||||||||
October | 455,051 | 264,729 | 190,322 | |||||||||
November | 563,472 | 328,555 | 234,917 | |||||||||
December | 643,125 | 374,715 | 268,410 | |||||||||
$ | 3,175,522 | $ | 1,888,364 | $ | 1,287,158 | |||||||
2010: |
||||||||||||
January(1) | $ | 1,498,413 | $ | 855,282 | $ | 643,131 | ||||||
February | 866,051 | 485,025 | 381,026 | |||||||||
March | 863,896 | 480,674 | 383,222 | |||||||||
April | 1,085,719 | 600,607 | 485,112 | |||||||||
May | 1,262,558 | 695,838 | 566,720 | |||||||||
June | 1,496,076 | 821,779 | 674,296 | |||||||||
July | 1,637,264 | 894,427 | 742,837 | |||||||||
August | 1,895,554 | 1,028,264 | 867,290 | |||||||||
September | 2,148,405 | 1,174,295 | 974,110 | |||||||||
$ | 12,753,935 | $ | 7,036,191 | $ | 5,717,744 | |||||||
Distributions | $ | 16,374,741 | $ | 9,220,114 | $ | 7,154,627 |
(1) | Includes the special distribution paid on January 19, 2010 to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2009. |
The Company, the Board of Directors and the Advisor share a similar philosophy with respect to paying the distributions. The distributions should principally be derived from cash flows generated from real estate operations. Specifically, funds from operations should equal or exceed distributions in a given period. If needed, the Advisor generally expects to waive its asset management fee and forego entitled reimbursements
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to ensure the full coverage of the Companys distributions. The fees and reimbursement that are waived are not deferrals and accordingly, will not be paid by the Company in a future period.
See the section of this prospectus captioned Description of Shares Distribution Policy and Distributions for a description of our distributions.
We will seek to list our shares of common stock for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ Stock Market or any successor exchange or market when and if our independent directors believe listing would be in the best interest of our stockholders. However, at this time, we have no intention to list our shares. We do not anticipate that there will be any market for our common stock unless and until our shares are listed. If we do not list our shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Stock Market by December 1, 2018, we intend to either:
| seek stockholder approval of an extension or amendment of this listing deadline; or |
| seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of our corporation. |
If we seek and do not obtain stockholder approval of an extension or amendment to the listing deadline, we intend then to adopt a plan of liquidation and commence an orderly liquidation of our properties.
Pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, you may have the distributions you receive from us reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. The purchase price per share under our distribution reinvestment plan will be the higher of 95% of the fair market value per share as determined by our board of directors and $9.50 per share. No sales commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan. If you participate in the distribution reinvestment plan, you will not receive the cash from your distributions, other than special distributions that are designated by our board of directors. As a result, you may have a tax liability with respect to your share of our taxable income, but you will not receive cash distributions to pay such liability. We may terminate the distribution reinvestment plan at our discretion at any time upon ten days prior written notice to you. Additionally, we will be required to discontinue sales of shares under the distribution reinvestment plan on the earlier of November 19, 2012, which is two years from the effective date of this offering, or the date we sell all of the shares registered for sale under the distribution reinvestment plan, unless we file a new registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission and applicable states. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
Pursuant to the initial offering distribution reinvestment, investors from the initial offering had the option to reinvest the distributions they receive from us in additional shares of our common stock. The purchase price per share under our distribution reinvestment plan is currently $9.50 per share.
Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase program that enables our stockholders to sell their shares to us in limited circumstances. Our share repurchase program permits you to sell your shares back to us after you have held them for at least one year, subject to the significant conditions and limitations described below.
Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange and we will not seek to list our stock until such time as our independent directors believe that the listing of our stock would be in the best interest of our stockholders. In order to provide stockholders with the benefit of interim liquidity, stockholders who have held their shares for at least one year and who purchased their shares from us or received the shares through a non-cash transaction, not in the secondary market, may present all or a portion consisting of the holders shares to us for repurchase at any time in accordance with the procedures outlined below. At that time, we may, subject to the conditions and limitations described below, redeem the shares presented for repurchase for cash to the extent that we have sufficient funds available to us to fund such repurchase. We will not pay to our board of directors, advisor or its affiliates any fees to complete any transactions under our share repurchase program.
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During the term of the initial and follow-on offering and any subsequent public offering of our shares, the purchase price per share will depend on the length of time you have held such shares as follows: after one year from the purchase date 96.25% of the amount you actually paid for each share; and after two years from the purchase date 97.75% of the amount you actually paid for each share; and after three years from the purchase date 100% of the amount you actually paid for each share; (in each case, as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). At any time we are engaged in an offering of shares, the per share price for shares purchased under our repurchase plan will always be equal to or lower than the applicable per share offering price. Thereafter, the per share purchase price will be based on the greater of $10.00 or the then-current net asset value of the shares as determined by our board of directors (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). Our board of directors will announce any purchase price adjustment and the time period of its effectiveness as a part of its regular communications with our stockholders. Our board of directors shall use the following criteria for determining the net asset value of the shares: value of our assets (estimated market value) less the estimated market value of our liabilities, divided by the number of shares. The Board, with advice from the Advisor, (i) will make internal valuations of the market value of its assets based upon the current capitalization rates of similar properties in the market, recent transactions for similar properties acquired by the Company and any extensions, cancellations, modifications or other material events affecting the leases, changes in rents or other circumstances related to such properties, (ii) review internal appraisals prepared by the Advisor following standard commercial real estate appraisal practice and (iii) every three years or earlier, in rotation will have all of the properties appraised by an external appraiser. Upon the death or disability of a stockholder, upon request, we will waive the one-year holding requirement. Shares repurchased in connection with the death or disability of a stockholder will be repurchased at a purchase price equal to the price actually paid for the shares during the offering, or if not engaged in the offering, the per share purchase price will be based on the greater of $10.00 or the then-current net asset value of the shares as determined by our board of directors (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). In addition, we may waive the holding period in the event of a stockholders bankruptcy or other exigent circumstances.
We will redeem our shares on the last business day of the month following the end of each quarter. Requests for repurchases must be received on or prior to the end of the quarter in order for us to repurchase the shares as of the end of the next month. You may withdraw your request to have your shares repurchased at any time prior to the last day of the applicable quarter. Shares presented for repurchase will continue to earn daily distributions up to and including the repurchase date.
Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program. Additionally, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject an individual stockholders request for redemption for any reason at any time.
On November 12, 2008, the Companys board of directors modified the Share Repurchase Program (share repurchase plan) to fund purchases under the share repurchase plan, not only from the initial offerings Distribution Reinvestment Plan (DRIP), but also from operating funds of the Company. Accordingly, purchases under the share repurchase plan, subject to the terms of the share repurchase plan, may be funded from the proceeds from the sale of shares under the DRIP, from proceeds of the sale of shares in a public offering, and with other available allocated operating funds. However, purchases under the share repurchase plan by the Company will be limited in any calendar year to 5% of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the prior year. The other terms and conditions of the share repurchase plan remain unchanged.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, we received requests to redeem 3,000 common shares pursuant to our share repurchase program. We redeemed 100% of the redemption requests at an average price per share of $9.625 per share. We funded share redemptions for the periods noted above from the cumulative proceeds of the sale of our common shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan and from operating funds of the Company.
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For the quarter ended March 31, 2010, we received requests to redeem 54,696.5060 common shares pursuant to our Share Redemption Plan. We redeemed 100% of the redemption requests for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 at an average price per share of $10.00. We funded share redemptions for the period noted from the cumulative proceeds of the sale of our common shares pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
For the quarter ended June 30, 2010, we received requests to redeem 173,851.450 common shares pursuant to our Share Redemption Plan. Subsequent to June 30, 2010, requests to redeem 67,567.3170 shares were not redeemed due to a redemption request that was made but later withdrawn by a stockholder and redemption requests that were made by stockholders which were ineligible. We redeemed 100% of the redemption requests for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, at an average price per share of $9.671. We funded share redemptions for the period noted above from cumulative proceeds of the sale of our common shares pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
For the quarter ended September 30, 2010, we received requests to redeem 90,301.1250 common shares pursuant to our Share Redemption Plan. We redeemed 100% of the redemption requests for the quarter ended September 30, 2010, at an average price per share of $9.765. We funded share redemptions for the period noted above from the cumulative proceeds of the sale of our common shares pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of our stock without certificates. We expect that, unless and until our shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Stock Market, we will not issue shares in certificated form. Our transfer agent maintains a stock ledger that contains the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares that the stockholder holds. With respect to uncertificated stock, we will continue to treat the stockholder registered on our stock ledger as the owner of the shares until the record owner and the new owner delivers a properly executed stock transfer form to us, along with a fee to cover reasonable transfer costs, in an amount determined by our board of directors. We will provide the required form to you upon request. The transfer will be effective and the transferee of the shares will be recognized as the holder of such shares within five business days of our receipt of the required documentation, subject to restrictions in our charter. If the transferor (original owner) is participating in the Share Repurchase Program at the time of transfer, then distributions owed and paid after the transfer date will be paid in the form of cash and not reinvested in additional shares. The transferor will continue to earn dividends up to and including the transfer date.
We hold annual meetings of our stockholders for the purpose of electing our directors and conducting other business matters that may be presented at such meetings. We may also call special meetings of stockholders from time to time. You are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock you own at any of these meetings.
Our charter contains restrictions on ownership and transfer of the shares that, among other restrictions, prevent any one person from owning more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock, unless exempted by our board of directors. For a more complete description of the shares, including this and other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our shares, please see the Description of Shares section of this prospectus. Our charter also limits your ability to transfer your shares to prospective stockholders unless (a) they meet the minimum suitability standards regarding income or net worth, which are described in the Suitability Standards section immediately following the cover page of this prospectus, and (b) the transfer complies with minimum purchase requirements, which are described above in the sections entitled Suitability Standards and How to Subscribe.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we make material investments or have other material developments, we will provide a
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prospectus supplement that may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a subsequent prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed descriptions of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any prospectus supplement, together with additional information described below under Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference and Where You Can Find Additional Information.
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An investment in our common stock involves various risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in conjunction with the other information contained in this prospectus before purchasing our common stock. The risks discussed in this prospectus can adversely affect our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. These risks could cause the value of our common stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.
Except as described in this prospectus, we have no operating history and you should not rely upon the past performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor to predict our future results. We were incorporated on August 17, 2007. We have limited investments in real estate or otherwise. Although Mr. Schorsch, Mr. Kahane and other members of our advisors management have significant experience in the acquisition, finance, management and development of commercial real estate, the prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of Mr. Schorsch, Mr. Kahane and our advisor may not be indicative of our future results.
You should consider our prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that are, like us, in their early stage of development. To be successful in this market, we must, among other things:
| identify and acquire investments that further our investment strategies; |
| increase awareness of the American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. name within the investment products market; |
| expand and maintain our network of licensed securities brokers and other agents; |
| attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel to manage our day-to-day operations; |
| respond to competition for our targeted real estate properties and other investments as well as for potential investors; and |
| continue to build and expand our operations structure to support our business. |
We cannot guarantee that we will succeed in achieving these goals, and our failure to do so could cause you to lose all or a portion of your investment.
Please also see herein the section entitled Adverse Business Developments and Conditions.
Other than the acquisitions as described in the Investment Objectives and Policies section herein, you will be unable to evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds are invested. Additionally, we will not provide you with information to evaluate our investments prior to our acquisition of properties. We will seek to invest substantially all of the offering proceeds available for investment, after the payment of fees and expenses, in the acquisition of freestanding, single-tenant commercial properties net leased to investment grade or other creditworthy tenants. We may also, in the discretion of our advisor, invest in other types of real estate or in entities that invest in real estate. We will acquire or invest in properties located only in the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In addition, our advisor may make or invest in mortgage, bridge or
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mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf if our board of directors determines, due to the state of the real estate market or in order to diversify our investment portfolio or otherwise, that such investments are advantageous to us. We have established policies relating to the creditworthiness of tenants of our properties, but our board of directors will have wide discretion in implementing these policies, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate potential tenants. For a more detailed discussion of our investment policies, see the Investment Objectives and Policies Acquisition and Investment Policies section of this prospectus.
There currently is no public market for our shares and there may never be one. If you are able to find a buyer for your shares, you may not sell your shares unless the buyer meets applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards. Our charter also prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock by a single investor, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from desiring to purchase your shares. Moreover, our share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares to us. Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program. Additionally, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject an individual stockholders request for redemption for any reason at any time. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. If you are able to sell your shares, you will likely have to sell them at a substantial discount to the price you paid for the shares. It also is likely that your shares would not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase the shares only as a long-term investment because of the illiquid nature of the shares. See Suitability Standards, Description of Shares Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Share Repurchase Program elsewhere for a more complete discussion on the restrictions on your ability to transfer your shares.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions is dependent upon the performance of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, our advisor, in acquiring of our investments, selecting tenants for our properties and securing independent financing arrangements. We currently do not own any properties or have any operations, financing or investments. Except for investors who purchase shares in this offering after such time as this prospectus is supplemented to describe one or more identified investments, you will have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments. You must rely entirely on the management ability of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and the oversight of our board of directors. We cannot be sure that American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms or that, if it makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved. If we, through American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, are unable to find suitable investments, we will hold the proceeds of this offering in an interest-bearing account, invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments or, if we cannot find at least one suitable investment within one year after we reach our minimum offering, and if our board of directors determines it is in our best interests, liquidate. In such an event, our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders would be adversely affected.
We could suffer from delays in locating suitable investments, particularly as a result of our reliance on our advisor at times when management of our advisor is simultaneously seeking to locate suitable investments for other affiliated programs. Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and, in the event we develop properties, development of income-producing properties, likely would adversely affect our ability to make distributions and the value of your overall returns. In such event, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital. Distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from
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borrowings also could reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties. This, in turn, would reduce the value of your investment. In particular, where we acquire properties prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the receipt of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties. If American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC is unable to obtain suitable investments, we will hold the proceeds of this offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments. If we cannot invest proceeds from this offering within a reasonable amount of time, or if our board of directors determines it is in the best interests of our stockholders, we will return the uninvested proceeds to investors.
This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the brokers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell our shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. As a result, the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a broadly diversified property portfolio. If we are unable to raise substantial proceeds in this offering, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned, the geographic regions in which our investments are located and the types of investments that we make. In such event, the likelihood of our profitability being affected by the performance of any one of our investments will increase. If we only are able to make a few investments, we would not achieve any asset diversification. Additionally, we are not limited in the number or size of our investments or the percentage of net proceeds we may dedicate to a single investment. Your investment in our shares will be subject to greater risk to the extent that we lack a diversified portfolio of investments. In addition, our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, and our financial condition and ability to pay distributions could be adversely affected.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain of our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisor, including Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane, each of whom would be difficult to replace. Our advisor does not have an employment agreement with any of these key personnel and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with us and/or our advisor. If any of our key personnel were to cease their affiliation with our advisor, our operating results could suffer. We maintain separate key man life insurance policies on each Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Brian S. Block, Peter M. Budko and Edward M. Weil, Jr. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our advisors ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that our advisor will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel. If our advisor loses or is unable to obtain the services of key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of your investment may decline.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporations best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter, in the case of our directors, officers, employees and agents, and the advisory agreement, in the case of our advisor, generally require us to indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents and our advisor and its affiliates for actions taken by them in good faith and without negligence or misconduct. Additionally, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers subject to the conditions imposed by Maryland law,
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subject to the limitations required by the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Associations, also known as the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Although our charter does not allow us to exonerate and indemnify our directors and officers to a greater extent than permitted under Maryland law and the NASAA REIT Guidelines, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and our advisor and its affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents or our advisor in some cases which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to you. See the section captioned Management Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents elsewhere herein.
We will be subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with our advisor and its affiliates, including the material conflicts discussed below. The Conflicts of Interest section of this prospectus provides a more detailed discussion of the conflicts of interest between us and our advisor and its affiliates, and our policies to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts.
Affiliates of our advisor have sponsored other real estate investment programs, American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., or Recovery REIT, Phillips Edison ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc., or PEARC, American Realty Capital Retail Centers of American, Inc. or ARC RCA, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc. or ARC HT and Corporate Income Properties-ARC, Inc., or CIP-ARC. Recovery REIT intends to acquire quality income-producing commercial real estate, as well as make real estate investments that relate to office, retail, multi-family residential, industrial and hotel property types, located in the New York metropolitan area, primarily New York City. PEARC intends to invest primarily in necessity-based neighborhood and community shopping centers throughout the United States, with a focus on grocery anchored shopping centers. ARC RCA intends to invest primarily in existing anchored, stabilized core retail properties, including power centers, lifestyle centers, grocery-anchored shopping centers and other need-based shopping centers located in the United States and at least 80% leased at the time of acquisition. ARC HT intends to invest primarily in medical office buildings and healthcare-related facilities in the United States. CIP-ARC intends to invest primarily in tenant commercial properties and lease them back to the sellers pursuant to leases generally having terms of at least ten years in the United States and Europe. Affiliates of our advisor may sponsor additional other real estate investment programs in the future. We may buy properties at the same time and/or in the same geographic areas as one or more of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs managed by officers and key personnel of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. There is a risk that American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC will choose a property that provides lower returns to us than a property purchased by another American Realty Capital-sponsored program. We cannot be sure that officers and key personnel acting on behalf of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and on behalf of managers of other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs will act in our best interests when deciding whether to allocate any particular property to us. Also, although our board of directors adopted a policy whereby we may not acquire properties from affiliated entities, we may in the future, with the approval of our board, change our policy and acquire properties from, or sell properties to, other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, and although we will do so consistent with our investment procedures, objectives and policies, transactions entered between us and our affiliates will not be subject to arms-length negotiations, which could mean that the acquisitions may be on terms less favorable to us than those negotiated with unaffiliated parties. However, our charter provides that the purchase price of any property acquired from an affiliate may not exceed its fair market value as determined by a qualified independent appraiser selected by our independent directors. In addition, a majority of our directors, including a majority of independent directors, who have no financial interest in the transaction, must determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us and that the transaction is at a price to us not greater than the cost to our affiliate or, if the price to us exceeds the cost paid by our affiliate, that there is substantial justification for the excess cost. Furthermore, if one of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs attracts a tenant that we are
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competing for, we could suffer a loss of revenue due to delays in locating another suitable tenant. You will not have the opportunity to evaluate the manner in which these conflicts of interest are resolved before or after making your investment. Similar conflicts of interest may apply if our advisor determines to make or purchase mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf, since other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs may be competing with us for these investments.
We may enter into joint ventures with other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties. American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC may have conflicts of interest in determining which American Realty Capital-sponsored program should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Since American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will control both the affiliated co-venturer and, to a certain extent, us, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arms-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers, which may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may assume liabilities related to the joint venture that exceeds the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.
American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its officers and employees and certain of our key personnel and their respective affiliates are key personnel, general partners and sponsors of other real estate programs having investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours and may have other business interests as well. Because these persons have competing demands on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. All of our executive officers will spend at least a majority of their time involved in our operations and Messrs. Budko, Block and Weil will spend substantially all of their time involved in our operations. However, during times of intense activity in other programs and ventures, they may devote less time and fewer resources to our business than is necessary or appropriate. If this occurs, the returns on our investments may suffer.
Each of our executive officers, including Nicholas S. Schorsch, who also serves as the chairman of our board of directors, and William M. Kahane, president and chief operating officer, also are officers of our advisor, our property manager, our dealer manager and other affiliated entities. As a result, these individuals owe fiduciary duties to these other entities and their stockholders and limited partners, which fiduciary duties may conflict with the duties that they owe to us or our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities could result in actions or inactions that are detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Conflicts with our business and interests are most likely to arise from involvement in activities related to (a) allocation of new investments and management time and services between us and the other entities, (b) our purchase of properties from, or sale of properties, to affiliated entities, (c) the timing and terms of the investment in or sale of an asset, (d) development of our properties by affiliates, (e) investments with affiliates of our advisor, (f) compensation to our advisor, and (g) our relationship with our dealer manager and property manager. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate cash needed to make distributions to you and to maintain or increase the value of our assets.
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Under our advisory agreement, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or its affiliates will be entitled to fees that are structured in a manner intended to provide incentives to our advisor to perform in our best interests and in the best interests of our stockholders. However, because our advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us and is entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance, our advisors interests are not wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. In that regard, our advisor could be motivated to recommend riskier or more speculative investments in order for us to generate the specified levels of performance or sales proceeds that would entitle our advisor to fees. In addition, our advisors or its affiliates entitlement to fees upon the sale of our assets and to participate in sale proceeds could result in our advisor recommending sales of our investments at the earliest possible time at which sales of investments would produce the level of return that would entitle the advisor to compensation relating to such sales, even if continued ownership of those investments might be in our best long-term interest. Our advisory agreement will require us to pay a performance-based termination fee to our advisor or its affiliates in the event that we terminate the advisor prior to the listing of our shares for trading on an exchange or, absent such listing, in respect of its participation in net sales proceeds. To avoid paying this fee, our independent directors may decide against terminating the advisory agreement prior to our listing of our shares or disposition of our investments even if, but for the termination fee, termination of the advisory agreement would be in our best interest. In addition, the requirement to pay the fee to the advisor or its affiliates at termination could cause us to make different investment or disposition decisions than we would otherwise make, in order to satisfy our obligation to pay the fee to the terminated advisor. Moreover, our advisor will have the right to terminate the advisory agreement upon a change of control of our company and thereby trigger the payment of the performance fee, which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing the change of control.
Proskauer Rose LLP acts as legal counsel to us and also represents our advisor and some of its affiliates. There is a possibility in the future that the interests of the various parties may become adverse and, under the Code of Professional Responsibility of the legal profession, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing any one or all of such parties. If any situation arises in which our interests appear to be in conflict with those of our advisor or its affiliates, additional counsel may be retained by one or more of the parties to assure that their interests are adequately protected. Moreover, should a conflict of interest not be readily apparent, Proskauer Rose LLP may inadvertently act in derogation of the interest of the parties which could affect our ability to meet our investment objectives.
An affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, our advisor, has developed a program to facilitate real estate acquisitions for persons (1031 Participants) who seek to reinvest proceeds from a real estate sale and qualify that reinvestment for like-kind exchange treatment under Section 1031 of the Code (Section 1031 Exchange Program). The program is described in greater detail under Investment Objectives and Criteria Acquisition and Investment Policies Section 1031 Exchange Program. The Section 1031 Exchange Program involves a private placement of co-tenancy interests in real estate. There are significant tax and securities disclosure risks associated with these private placement offerings of co-tenancy interests to 1031 Participants. For example, in the event that the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, conducts an audit of the purchasers of co tenancy interests and successfully challenges the qualification of the transaction as a like-kind exchange, purchasers of co-tenancy interests may file a lawsuit against the entity offering the co- tenancy interests and its sponsors. We anticipate providing certain financial guarantees, described in Investment Objectives and Policies Section 1031 Exchange Program, in the event co-tenancy interests in such offerings are not sold and could therefore be named in or otherwise required to defend against lawsuits brought by 1031 Participants. Any amounts we are required to expend for any such litigation claims may reduce the amount of funds available for distribution to you. In addition, disclosure of
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any such litigation may limit our future ability to raise additional capital through the sale of stock or borrowings. To date, we have engaged in four Section 1031 Exchange Programs raising aggregate proceeds of $10,080,802.
Our participation in the Section 1031 Exchange Program involves an obligation to purchase any co-tenancy interests in a property that remain unsold at the completion of a Section 1031 Exchange Program private placement offering. Accordingly, we could be required to purchase the unsold co-tenancy interests and thus become subject to the risks of ownership of properties in a co-tenancy arrangement with unrelated third parties.
Ownership of co-tenancy interests involves risks not otherwise present with an investment in real estate such as the following:
| the risk that a co-tenant may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
| the risk that a co-tenant may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or |
| the possibility that a co-tenant might become insolvent or bankrupt, which may be an event of default under mortgage loan financing documents, or allow the bankruptcy court to reject the tenants-in-common agreement or management agreement entered into by the co-tenants owning interests in the property. |
Any of the above might subject a property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce your returns. In the event that our interests become adverse to those of the other co-tenants, we may not have the contractual right to purchase the co-tenancy interests from the other co-tenants. Even if we are given the opportunity to purchase such co-tenancy interests in the future, we cannot guarantee that we will have sufficient funds available at the time to purchase co-tenancy interests from the 1031 Participants. We might want to sell our co-tenancy interests in a given property at a time when the other cotenants in such property do not desire to sell their interests. Therefore, we may not be able to sell our interest in a property at the time we would like to sell. In addition, we anticipate that it will be much more difficult to find a willing buyer for our co-tenancy interests in a property than it would be to find a buyer for a property we owned entirely.
Institutional lenders may view our obligations under agreements to acquire unsold co-tenancy interests in properties as a contingent liability against our cash or other assets, which may limit our ability to borrow funds in the future. Lenders providing lines of credit may restrict our ability to draw on our lines of credit by the amount of our potential obligation. Further, our lenders may view such obligations in such a manner as to limit our ability to borrow funds based on regulatory restrictions on lenders that limit the amount of loans they can make to any one borrower. These events could limit our operating flexibility and our ability to make distributions to you.
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Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock. This and other restrictions in our charter on the ownership and transfer of our stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See the Description of Shares Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer section of this prospectus.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue up to 250,000,000 shares of stock. In addition, our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue. Our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of repurchase of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have a priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See the Description of Shares Preferred Stock section of this prospectus.
Under Maryland law, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
| any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporations shares; or |
| an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
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| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporations stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. The business combination statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has exempted any business combination involving American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. As a result, American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and any affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. For a more detailed discussion of the Maryland laws governing us and the ownership of our shares of common stock, see the section of this prospectus captioned Description of Shares Business Combinations.
The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the corporations disinterested stockholders by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by interested stockholders, that is, by the acquirer, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation, are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock that would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition act any and all acquisitions of our common stock by American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. This statute could have the effect of discouraging offers from third parties to acquire us and increasing the difficulty of successfully completing this type of offer by anyone other than our affiliates or any of their affiliates. For a more detailed discussion on the Maryland laws governing control share acquisitions, see the section of this prospectus captioned Description of Shares Control Share Acquisitions.
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (Investment Company Act). Under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an investment company if it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an investment company if it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or propose to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40 test. If we would ever inadvertently fall within one of the definitions of investment company, we intend to rely on the exception provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and certain No-Action Letters from the Securities and
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Exchange Commission. Under Section 3(c)(5)(C), the SEC staff generally requires a company to maintain at least 55% of its assets directly in qualifying assets and at least 80% of the entitys assets in qualifying assets and in a broader category of real estate related assets to qualify for this exception. Mortgage-related securities may or may not constitute such qualifying assets, depending on the characteristics of the mortgage-related securities, including the rights that we have with respect to the underlying loans. Our ownership of mortgage-related securities, therefore, is limited by provisions of the Investment Company Act and SEC staff interpretations. See the section entitled Investment Objectives and Policies Investment Company Act of 1940 in this prospectus. We intend to monitor compliance with these requirements on an ongoing basis. If we were obligated to register as an investment company, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act imposing, among other things:
| limitations on capital structure; |
| restrictions on specified investments; |
| prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and |
| compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly change our operations. |
In order to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act, we must engage primarily in the business of buying real estate, and these investments must be made within a year after the offering ends. If we are unable to invest a significant portion of the proceeds of this offering in properties within one year of the termination of the offering, we may avoid being required to register as an investment company by temporarily investing any unused proceeds in government securities with low returns. This would reduce the cash available for distribution to investors and possibly lower your returns.
The method we use to classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act will be based in large measure upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff in the past. These no-action positions were issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC staff, may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of qualifying for an exclusion from regulation under the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exclusion from the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
To maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional income or loss generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forgo opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy. If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court were to require enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
You may vote on certain matters at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, including the election of directors. However, you will be bound by the majority vote on matters requiring approval of a majority of the stockholders even if you do not vote with the majority on any such matter.
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Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding investments, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on the following:
| the election or removal of directors; |
| amendments of our charter (including a change in our investment objectives), except certain amendments that do not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of our stockholders; |
| our liquidation or dissolution; |
| a reorganization of our company, as provided in our charter; and |
| mergers, consolidations or sales or other dispositions of substantially all of our assets, as provided in our charter. |
All other matters are subject to the discretion of our board of directors.
Our charter requires that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interest of the stockholders. These policies may change over time. The methods of implementing our investment policies may also vary, as new real estate development trends emerge and new investment techniques are developed. Our investment policies, the methods for their implementation, and our other objectives, policies and procedures may be altered by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders. As a result, the nature of your investment could change without your consent.
Our board of directors may amend the terms of our share repurchase program without stockholder approval. Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program. Additionally, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject an individual stockholders request for redemption for any reason at any time. In addition, the share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares. Generally, you must have held your shares for at least one year in order to participate in our share repurchase program. If our board of directors authorizes a repurchase from legally available funds, we will limit the number of shares repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase program as follows: (a) during any calendar year, the number of shares we will redeem will be limited to the proceeds in the initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan (shares requested for repurchase upon the death of a stockholder will not be subject to this limitation); and (b) funding for the repurchase of shares will be limited to the net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares under our initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan. These limits might prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any year. See the Description of Shares Share Repurchase Program section of this prospectus for more information about the share repurchase program. These restrictions severely limit your ability to sell your shares should you require liquidity, and limit your ability to recover the value you invested or the fair market value of your shares.
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Our board of directors has arbitrarily determined the selling price of the shares consistent with our initial offering and comparable real estate investment programs in the market, and such price bears no relationship to our book or asset values, or to any other established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. Because the offering price is not based upon any independent valuation, the offering price is not indicative of the proceeds that you would receive upon liquidation.
The dealer manager, Realty Capital Securities, LLC, is one of our affiliates and will not make an independent review of us or the offering. Accordingly, you will have to rely on your own broker-dealer to make an independent review of the terms of this offering. If your broker-dealer does not conduct such a review, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the terms of this offering. Further, the due diligence investigation of us by the dealer manager cannot be considered to be an independent review and, therefore, may not be as meaningful as a review conducted by an unaffiliated broker-dealer or investment banker.
Existing stockholders and potential investors in the initial offering and this follow-on offering do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. Our charter currently authorizes us to issue up to 250,000,000 shares of stock, of which 240,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 10,000,000 are designated as preferred stock.
Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law, our board of directors may increase the number of authorized shares of stock, increase or decrease the number of shares of any class or series of stock designated, or reclassify any unissued shares without the necessity of obtaining stockholder approval. All of such shares may be issued in the discretion of our board of directors. Existing stockholders and investors purchasing shares in this offering likely will suffer dilution of their equity investment in us, in the event that we (a) sell shares in this offering or sell additional shares in the future, including those issued pursuant to follow-on offerings or our initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan, (b) sell securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock, (c) issue shares of our common stock in a private offering of securities to institutional investors, (d) issue shares of our common stock upon the exercise of the options granted to our independent directors, (e) issue shares to our advisor, its successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding fee obligation as set forth under our advisory agreement, or (f) issue shares of our common stock to sellers of properties acquired by us in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P., existing stockholders and investors purchasing shares in this offering will likely experience dilution of their equity investment in us. In addition, the partnership agreement for American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. contains provisions that would allow, under certain circumstances, other entities, including other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, to merge into or cause the exchange or conversion of their interest for interests of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. Because the limited partnership units of American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. may, in the discretion of our board of directors, be exchanged for shares of our common stock, any merger, exchange or conversion between American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. and another entity ultimately could result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings and the value of our real properties and other real estate-related assets, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair market value of your shares. Because of these and other reasons described in this Risk Factors section, you should not expect to be able to own a significant percentage of our shares.
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American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will perform services for us in connection with the offer and sale of the shares, the selection and acquisition of our investments, and the management and leasing of our properties, the servicing of our mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans, if any, and the administration of our other investments. They are paid substantial fees for these services, which reduces the amount of cash available for investment in properties or distribution to stockholders. For a more detailed discussion of the fees payable to such entities in respect of this offering, see the Management Compensation section of this prospectus.
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Distributions will be based principally on cash available from our operations. The amount of cash available for distributions is affected by many factors, such as our ability to buy properties as offering proceeds become available, rental income from such properties, and our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. Actual cash available for distributions may vary substantially from estimates. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay or maintain our current anticipated level of distributions or that distributions will increase over time. We cannot give any assurance that rents from the properties will increase, that the securities we buy will increase in value or provide constant or increased distributions over time, or that future acquisitions of real properties, mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or any investments in securities will increase our cash available for distributions to stockholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of directors in establishing the distribution rate to stockholders. We may not have sufficient legally available cash from operations to make a distribution required to qualify for or maintain our REIT status. We may increase borrowing or use proceeds from this offering to make distributions, each of which could be deemed to be a return of your capital. We may make distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow. Any such distributions will constitute a return of capital and may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties and negatively impact the value of your investment. For a description of the factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders, see the section of this prospectus captioned Description of Shares Distributions Policy.
Until 18 months after the termination of this follow-on offering or the termination of any subsequent offering of our shares, we intend to use the offering price of shares in our most recent offering as the per share value (unless we have made a special distribution to stockholders of net sales proceeds from the sale of one or more properties prior to the date of determination of the per share value, in which case we will use the offering price less the per share amount of the special distribution). Beginning 18 months after the completion of the last offering of our shares, our board of directors will determine the value of our properties and our other assets based on such information as our board determines appropriate, which may or may not include independent valuations of our properties or of our enterprise as a whole. We will disclose this net asset value to stockholders in our filings with the SEC. Therefore, you will not be able to determine the net asset value of your shares on an on-going basis during this offering. See Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations Annual or More Frequent Valuation Requirement.
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Our operating results are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:
| changes in general economic or local conditions; |
| changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area; |
| changes in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive; |
| changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws; |
| changes in insurance costs; and |
| periods of high interest rates and tight money supply. |
These and other reasons may prevent us from being profitable or from realizing growth or maintaining the value of our real estate properties.
We expect that many of our properties will be occupied by only one tenant or will derive a majority of their rental income from one tenant and, therefore, the success of those properties will be materially dependent on the financial stability of such tenants. Lease payment defaults by tenants could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions we pay. A default of a tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue from the property and force us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet any mortgage payment and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-letting the property. If a lease is terminated, there is no assurance that we will be able to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. A default by a tenant, the failure of a guarantor to fulfill its obligations or other premature termination of a lease, or a tenants election not to extend a lease upon its expiration, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to pay distributions.
Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenants lease obligations, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such a bankruptcy filing would bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their properties, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be paid currently. If a lease is assumed, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. This claim could be paid only in the event funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims.
A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. Such an event could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments that would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure you that the tenant or its trustee will assume our lease. If a given lease, or guaranty of a lease, is not assumed, our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to you may be adversely affected.
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We expect that our properties will be diverse according to geographic area and industry of our tenants. However, in the event that we have a concentration of properties in any particular geographic area, any adverse situation that disproportionately affects that geographic area would have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio. Similarly, if our tenants are concentrated in a certain industry or industries, any adverse effect to that industry generally would have a disproportionately adverse effect on our portfolio.
We may enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we would purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the person from whom we purchased it. In the event of the bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be recharacterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either of which outcomes could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor in relation to the tenant. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease, with the claim arguably secured by the property. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we could be bound by the new terms, and prevented from foreclosing our lien on the property. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a joint venture, our lessee and we could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you.
A property may incur vacancies either by the continued default of tenants under their leases or the expiration of tenant leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we will suffer reduced revenues which may result in less cash to be distributed to stockholders. In addition, because properties market values depend principally upon the value of the properties leases, the resale value of properties with prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce your return.
The seller of a property often sells such property in its as is condition on a where is basis and with all faults, without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is usual that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we will be required to expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and tenant refurbishments to the vacated space. In addition, although we expect that our leases with tenants will require tenants to pay routine property maintenance costs, we will likely be responsible for any major structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops. We will use substantially all of this offerings gross proceeds to buy real estate and pay various fees and expenses. We intend to reserve only 0.1% of the gross proceeds from this offering for future capital needs. Accordingly, if we need additional capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we will have to obtain financing
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from other sources, such as cash flow from operations, borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, our investments may generate lower cash flows or decline in value, or both.
The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Moreover, in acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
Many of our leases will not contain rental increases over time. Therefore, the value of the property to a potential purchaser may not increase over time, which may restrict our ability to sell a property, or in the event we are able to sell such property, may lead to a sale price less than the price that we paid to purchase the property.
Lock-out provisions, which preclude pre-payments of a loan, could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to you. Lock out provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that could be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Any properties that we buy in the future will be, subject to operating risks common to real estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us. If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses, we could be required to expend funds with respect to that property for operating expenses. The properties will be subject to increases in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and administrative expenses. While we expect that many of our properties will be leased on a triple-net-lease basis or will require the tenants to pay all or a portion of such expenses, renewals of leases or future leases may not be negotiated on that basis, in which event we may have to pay those costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net-lease basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of such expenses, or if tenants fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay those costs which could adversely affect funds available for future acquisitions or cash available for distributions.
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Recent events have exacerbated the general economic slowdown that has affected the nation as a whole and the local economies where our properties may be located. Economic weakness and higher unemployment, combined with higher costs, especially for energy, food and commodities, has put considerable pressure on consumer spending, which, along with the lack of available debt financing, has resulted in many U.S. companies experiencing poorer financial and operating performance over the past twelve months than in prior periods. As a result, this slowdown has reduced demand for space and removed support for rents and property values. Our operating results may be affected by the following market and economic challenges, which may result from a continued or exacerbated general economic slow down experienced by the nation as a whole or by the local economics where our properties may be located:
| poor economic conditions may result in tenant defaults under leases; |
| re-leasing may require concessions or reduced rental rates under the new leases; |
| constricted access to credit may result in tenant defaults or non-renewals under leases; and |
| increased insurance premiums may reduce funds available for distribution or, to the extent such increases are passed through to tenants, may lead to tenant defaults. Increased insurance premiums may make it difficult to increase rents to tenants on turnover, which may adversely affect our ability to increase our returns. |
A continuing environment of declining prices could further weaken real estate markets. We do not know how long the slowdown will last, or when, or even if, real estate markets will return to more normal conditions. Since we cannot predict when real estate markets may recover, the value of our properties may decline if market conditions persist or worsen. Further, the results of operations for a property in any one period may not be indicative of results in future periods, and the long-term performance of such property generally may not be comparable to, and cash flows may not be as predictable as, other properties owned by third parties in the same or similar industry. The already weak conditions in the real estate markets could be further exacerbated by a deterioration of national or regional economic conditions. Our property values and operations could be negatively affected to the extent that the current economic downturn is prolonged or becomes more severe.
Generally, each of our tenants will be responsible for insuring its goods and premises and, in some circumstances, may be required to reimburse us for a share of the cost of acquiring comprehensive insurance for the property, including casualty, liability, fire and extended coverage customarily obtained for similar properties in amounts that our advisor determines are sufficient to cover reasonably foreseeable losses. Tenants of single-user properties leased on a triple-net-lease basis typically are required to pay all insurance costs associated with those properties. Material losses may occur in excess of insurance proceeds with respect to any property, as insurance may not be sufficient to fund the losses. However, there are types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase specific coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. It is uncertain whether such insurance policies will be available, or available at reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our potential properties. In these instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate, or any, coverage for such losses. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 is designed for a sharing of terrorism losses between insurance companies and the federal government, and has been renewed until December 31, 2014. We cannot be certain how this act will impact us or what additional cost to us, if any, could result. If such an event damaged or destroyed one or more of our properties, we could lose both our invested capital and anticipated profits from such property.
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Some local real property tax assessors may seek to reassess some of our properties as a result of our acquisition of the property. Generally, from time to time our property taxes increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant by the assessors. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. Although some tenant leases may permit us to pass through such tax increases to the tenants for payment, there is no assurance that renewal leases or future leases will be negotiated on the same basis. Increases not passed through to tenants will adversely affect our income, cash available for distributions, and the amount of distributions to you.
Some of our properties are contiguous to other parcels of real property, comprising part of the same commercial center. In connection with such properties, there are significant covenants, conditions and restrictions, known as CC&Rs, restricting the operation of such properties and any improvements on such properties, and related to granting easements on such properties. Moreover, the operation and management of the contiguous properties may impact such properties. Compliance with CC&Rs may adversely affect our operating costs and reduce the amount of funds that we have available to pay distributions.
While we do not currently intend to do so, we may use proceeds from this offering to acquire and develop properties upon which we will construct improvements. We will be subject to uncertainties associated with re-zoning for development, environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups, and our builders ability to build in conformity with plans, specifications, budgeted costs, and timetables. If a builder fails to perform, we may resort to legal action to rescind the purchase or the construction contract or to compel performance. A builders performance may also be affected or delayed by conditions beyond the builders control. Delays in completion of construction could also give tenants the right to terminate preconstruction leases. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders before they complete construction. These and other such factors can result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. We also must rely on rental income and expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of property upon completion of construction when agreeing upon a price at the time we acquire the property. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property, and our return on our investment could suffer.
While we do not currently intend to do so, we may invest in unimproved real property. Returns from development of unimproved properties are also subject to risks associated with re-zoning the land for development and environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups. Although we intend to limit any investment in unimproved property to property we intend to develop, your investment nevertheless is subject to the risks associated with investments in unimproved real property.
While we currently do not have an affiliated development company, our sponsor and/or its affiliates may form a development company. In such an event, we may enter into one or more contracts, either directly or indirectly through joint ventures with affiliates or others, to acquire real property from an affiliate of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC that is engaged in construction and development of commercial real properties. Properties acquired from an affiliated development company may be either existing income-producing properties, properties to be developed or properties under development. We anticipate that we will be obligated to pay a substantial earnest money deposit at the time of contracting to acquire such properties. In the case of properties to be developed by an affiliated development company, we anticipate that we will be required to close the purchase of the property upon completion of the development of the property by our
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affiliate. At the time of contracting and the payment of the earnest money deposit by us, our development company affiliate typically will not have acquired title to any real property. Typically, our development company affiliate will only have a contract to acquire land, a development agreement to develop a building on the land and an agreement with one or more tenants to lease all or part of the property upon its completion. We may enter into such a contract with our development company affiliate even if at the time of contracting we have not yet raised sufficient proceeds in our offering to enable us to close the purchase of such property. However, we will not be required to close a purchase from our development company affiliate, and will be entitled to a refund of our earnest money, in the following circumstances:
| our development company affiliate fails to develop the property; |
| all or a specified portion of the pre-leased tenants fail to take possession under their leases for any reason; or |
| we are unable to raise sufficient proceeds from our offering to pay the purchase price at closing. |
The obligation of our development company affiliate to refund our earnest money will be unsecured, and no assurance can be made that we would be able to obtain a refund of such earnest money deposit from it under these circumstances since our development company affiliate may be an entity without substantial assets or operations. However, our development company affiliates obligation to refund our earnest money deposit may be guaranteed by American Realty Capital Properties, LLC, our property manager, which will enter into contracts to provide property management and leasing services to various American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, including us, for substantial monthly fees. As of the time American Realty Capital Properties, LLC may be required to perform under any guaranty, we cannot assure that American Realty Capital Properties, LLC will have sufficient assets to refund all of our earnest money deposit in a lump sum payment. If we were forced to collect our earnest money deposit by enforcing the guaranty of American Realty Capital Properties, LLC, we will likely be required to accept installment payments over time payable out of the revenues of American Realty Capital Properties, LLC operations. We cannot assure you that we would be able to collect the entire amount of our earnest money deposit under such circumstances. See Investment Objectives and Policies Acquisition and Investment Policies.
We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including individuals, corporations, bank and insurance company investment accounts, other REITs, real estate limited partnerships, and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Larger REITs may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investments may increase. Any such increase would result in increased demand for these assets and therefore increased prices paid for them. If we pay higher prices for properties and other investments, our profitability will be reduced and you may experience a lower return on your investment.
Our properties typically are, and we expect will be, located in developed areas. Therefore, there are and will be numerous other properties within the market area of each of our properties that will compete with us for tenants. The number of competitive properties could have a material effect on our ability to rent space at our properties and the amount of rents charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations competitive with our properties, causing increased competition for customer traffic and creditworthy tenants. This could result in decreased cash flow from tenants and may require us to make capital improvements to properties that we would not have otherwise made, thus affecting cash available for distributions, and the amount available for distributions to you.
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There may be a substantial period of time before the proceeds of this offering are invested. Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and/or development of properties could adversely affect your returns. Where properties are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the payment of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Environmental laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. This liability could be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our tenants operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply, and that may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of your investment.
State and federal laws in this area are constantly evolving, and we intend to monitor these laws and take commercially reasonable steps to protect ourselves from the impact of these laws, including obtaining environmental assessments of most properties that we acquire; however, we will not obtain an independent third-party environmental assessment for every property we acquire. In addition, any such assessment that we do obtain may not reveal all environmental liabilities or that a prior owner of a property did not create a material environmental condition not known to us. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims would materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to you. See Investment Objectives and Policies Environmental Matters.
If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use our best efforts to sell them for cash. However, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. When we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could negatively impact our cash distributions to stockholders. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon the sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In some cases, we may receive initial down payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years. If any purchaser defaults under a financing arrangement with us, it could negatively impact our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.
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There is no guarantee that the mortgage, loan or deed of trust securing an investment will, following a default, permit us to recover the original investment and interest that would have been received absent a default. The security provided by a mortgage, deed of trust or loan is directly related to the difference between the amount owed and the appraised market value of the property. Although we intend to rely on a current real estate appraisal when we make the investment, the value of the property is affected by factors outside our control, including general fluctuations in the real estate market, rezoning, neighborhood changes, highway relocations and failure by the borrower to maintain the property. In addition, we may incur the costs of litigation in our efforts to enforce our rights under defaulted loans.
Our properties will be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the Disabilities Act). Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for public accommodations and commercial facilities that generally require that buildings and services, including restaurants and retail stores, be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Acts requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or, in some cases, an award of damages. We will attempt to acquire properties that comply with the Disabilities Act or place the burden on the seller or other third party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with the Disabilities Act. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire properties or allocate responsibilities in this manner. If we cannot, our funds used for Disabilities Act compliance may affect cash available for distributions and the amount of distributions to you.
The global financial markets have undergone a fundamental down-turn since mid-2007, which has had an adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally. To the extent that the global economic recession continues and/or, intensifies, it has the potential to materially affect our operating results and financial condition, the value of our properties and other investments we make, the availability or the terms of financing that we may anticipate utilizing, and our ability to make principal and interest payments on, or refinance, any outstanding debt when due, and/or, for our leased properties, the ability of our tenants to enter into new leasing transactions or satisfy rental payments under existing leases as follows:
| Debt Markets The debt markets are currently experiencing volatility as a result of certain factors, including the tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies. Should overall borrowing costs increase, our operations may generate lower returns. The amount of capital that is available to finance real estate has decreased, which: (1) limits the ability of real estate investors to make new acquisitions and to benefit from reduced real estate values or to realize enhanced returns on real estate investments; (2) has slowed real estate transaction activity; and (3) may result in an inability to refinance debt. All of these developments may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets and impact our ability to raise equity capital. |
| Real Estate Markets The recent global economic recession has caused commercial real estate values to decline substantially. As a result, there may be uncertainty in the valuation, or in the stability of the value, of the properties we acquire that could result in a substantial decrease in the value of our properties after we purchase them. Consequently, we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of our properties, which may require us to recognize an impairment charge or record a loss on sale in earnings. |
| Government Intervention The disruptions in the global financial markets have led to extensive and unprecedented government intervention, which is intended to stimulate the flow of capital and to strengthen the U.S. economy in the short term. We cannot predict the actual effect of the government intervention and what effect, if any, additional governmental intervention may have on the financial markets and/or on us. |
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Our business is sensitive to trends in the general economy, as well as the commercial real estate and credit markets. The current macroeconomic environment and accompanying credit crisis has negatively impacted the value of commercial real estate assets, contributing to a general slow down in our industry, which may continue through 2010 and beyond. A prolonged and pronounced recession could continue or accelerate the reduction in overall transaction volume and size of sales and leasing activities that we have already experienced, and would continue to put downward pressure on our revenues and operating results. To the extent that any decline in our revenues and operating results impacts our performance, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could also suffer.
The United States armed conflict in various parts of the world could have a further impact on our tenants. The consequences of any armed conflict are unpredictable, and we may not be able to foresee events that could have an adverse effect on our business or your investment. More generally, any of these events could result in increased volatility in or damage to the United States and worldwide financial markets and economy. They also could result in higher energy costs and increased economic uncertainty in the United States or abroad. Our revenues will be dependent upon payment of rent by retailers, which may be particularly vulnerable to uncertainty in the local economy. Adverse economic conditions could affect the ability of our tenants to pay rent, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to pay distributions to you.
We expect a large portion of our rental income to come from net leases, which generally provide the tenant greater discretion in using the leased property than ordinary property leases, such as the right to freely sublease the property, to make alterations in the leased premises and to terminate the lease prior to its expiration under specified circumstances. Furthermore, net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result in fair market rental rates during those years. As a result, our income and distributions to our stockholders could be lower than they would otherwise be if we did not engage in net leases.
We focus our investments on commercial and industrial properties, including special use single tenant properties. These types of properties are relatively illiquid compared to other types of real estate and financial assets. This illiquidity will limit our ability to quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. With these properties, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed or, in the case of a mortgage loan, if we take such property in foreclosure, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant or sell the property. In addition, in the event we are forced to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant or borrower due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect our ability to sell or re-lease properties and adversely affect returns to you.
In most instances, we have acquired, and expect to acquire, real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we have incurred mortgage debt and pledged all or some of our real properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties and may continue to do so. We may borrow if we need funds to satisfy the REIT tax qualification requirement that we generally distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, to our stockholders. We may also borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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Our advisor believes that utilizing borrowing is consistent with our investment objective of maximizing the return to investors. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. However, under our charter, we are required to limit our borrowings to 75% of the greater of the aggregate cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or the aggregate fair market value of our gross assets as of the date of any borrowing, unless excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors. Our borrowings will not exceed 300% of our net assets (generally equal to 75% of cost), unless the excess is approved by a majority of our independent directors, which is the maximum level of indebtedness permitted under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. We expect that during the period of this offering we will request that our independent directors approve borrowings in excess of this limitation since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have invested most of our capital.
If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on a property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of your investment. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. In such event, we may be unable to pay the amount of distributions required in order to maintain our REIT status. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt to the entities that own our properties. When we provide a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders will be adversely affected which could result in our losing our REIT status and would result in a decrease in the value of your investment.
Continued volatility in the credit markets and real estate markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. Domestic and international financial markets currently are experiencing continued volatility which has been brought about in large part by failures in the U.S. banking system. This volatility has severely impacted the availability of credit and has contributed to rising costs associated with obtaining credit. If debt financing is not available on terms and conditions we find acceptable, we may not be able to obtain financing for investments. If this volatility in the credit markets persists, our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, properties and other real estate related assets will be negatively impacted. If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing.
The dislocations in the debt markets has reduced the amount of capital that is available to finance real estate, which, in turn, (a) will no longer allow real estate investors to rely on capitalization rate compression to generate returns and (b) has slowed real estate transaction activity, all of which may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues or income from the acquisition and operations of real properties and mortgage loans. Investors will need to focus on market-specific growth dynamics, operating performance, asset management and the long-term quality of the underlying real estate. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing. If interest rates are higher when the properties are refinanced, we may not be able to finance the properties and our income could be reduced. In addition, if we pay fees to lock-in a favorable interest rate, falling interest rates or other factors could require us to forfeit these fees. All of these events would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions.
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In addition, the state of the debt markets could have an impact on the overall amount of capital investing in real estate which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets. Although this may benefit us for future acquisitions, it could negatively impact the current value of our existing assets.
In addition to volatility in the credit markets, the real estate market is subject to fluctuation and can be impacted by factors such as general economic conditions, supply and demand, availability of financing and interest rates. To the extent we purchase real estate in an unstable market, we are subject to the risk that if the real estate market ceases to attract the same level of capital investment in the future that it attracts at the time of our purchases, or the number of companies seeking to acquire properties decreases, the value of our investments may not appreciate or may decrease significantly below the amount we pay for these investments.
Finally, the pervasive and fundamental disruptions that the global financial markets are currently undergoing have led to extensive and unprecedented governmental intervention. Although the government intervention is intended to stimulate the flow of capital and to undergird the U.S. economy in the short term, it is impossible to predict the actual effect of the government intervention and what effect, if any, additional interim or permanent governmental intervention may have on the financial markets and/or the effect of such intervention on us and our results of operations. In addition, there is a high likelihood that regulation of the financial markets will be significantly increased in the future, which could have a material impact on our operating results and financial condition.
If we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance the properties when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when the properties are refinanced, we may not be able to finance the properties and our income could be reduced. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to you and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money.
In connection with providing us financing, a lender could impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage the property, discontinue insurance coverage or replace American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC as our advisor. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment and operating objectives.
We expect that we will incur indebtedness in the future. To the extent that we incur variable rate debt, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
Our charter generally limits us to incurring debt no greater than 75% of the greater of the aggregate cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or the aggregate fair market value of all of our assets as of the date of any borrowing, unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with a justification for such excess borrowing. We expect that during the period of this offering we will request that our independent directors approve borrowings in excess of this limitation since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher
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until we have invested most of our capital. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments, and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of your investment.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the tax year ending December 31, 2008 and intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. In order for us to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain requirements set forth in the Code and Treasury Regulations and various factual matters and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. We intend to structure our activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the IRS, such re-characterization could jeopardize our ability to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Proskauer Rose LLP, our legal counsel, has rendered its opinion that we qualify as a REIT, based upon our representations as to the manner in which we are and will be owned, invest in assets and operate, among other things. However, our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet, through investments, actual operating results, distributions and satisfaction of specific rules, the various tests imposed by the Code. Proskauer Rose LLP will not review these operating results or compliance with the qualification standards on an ongoing basis. This means that we may fail to satisfy the REIT requirements in the future. Also, this opinion represents Proskauer Rose LLPs legal judgment based on the law in effect as of the date of this prospectus. Proskauer Rose LLPs opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts and we will not apply for a ruling from the IRS regarding our status as a REIT. Future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are dealer properties sold by a REIT (a prohibited transaction under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of our operating partnership or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS), which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
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We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, in order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. If we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income.
In addition, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur.
As a result, we may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In particular, where we experience differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our taxable income could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms, (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt or (iv) make a taxable distribution of our shares as part of a distribution in which shareholders may elect to receive shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with REIT requirements. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
As long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition may be restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding our TRSs, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. While we qualify as a REIT, we intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (1) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a TRS (but such TRS will incur income taxes), (2) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or (3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with a prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Code for properties held for at least two years. However, despite our present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding any TRSs, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules in certain instances limit the deductibility of
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interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its affiliated REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
We intend to use a TRS for short- and medium-term net lease assets that we intend to acquire and promptly resell for immediate gain. Our TRS will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed. We anticipate that securities of our TRS will not make up more than 25% of the value of our total assets. We will monitor the value of our investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. Furthermore, we will scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arms length terms to avoid incurring the 100% penalty tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% limitation discussed above or to avoid application of the 100% penalty tax discussed above.
We may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. While we will use our best efforts to structure any such sale-leaseback transaction so that the lease will be characterized as a true lease, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the IRS could challenge such characterization. In the event that any sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification asset tests or the income tests and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of re-characterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year.
We intend to maintain the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or disregarded entity for such purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our income. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on your investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.
In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to generally distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP) each year, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. In order to satisfy this requirement, we may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. Generally, under IRS Revenue Procedure 2010 12, up to 90% of any such taxable dividend with respect to the taxable years 2010 and 2011 could be payable in our common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. stockholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. Accordingly, U.S. stockholders receiving a distribution of our shares may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax
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imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, such sale may put downward pressure on the price of our common stock.
Further, while Revenue Procedure 2010 12 generally applies only to taxable dividends payable in a combination of cash and stock with respect to the taxable years 2010 and 2011, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to pay taxable dividends in cash and stock in later years. Moreover, various tax aspects of such a taxable cash/stock dividend are uncertain and have not yet been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not impose additional requirements in the future with respect to taxable cash/stock dividends, including on a retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for such taxable cash/stock dividends have not been met.
The taxation of distributions to our stockholders can be complex; however, distributions that we make to our stockholders will generally be taxable as ordinary income.
Distributions that we make to our taxable stockholders out of current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends, or for tax years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified dividend income) generally will be taxable as ordinary income. However, a portion of our distributions may (1) be designated by us as capital gain dividends generally taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that they are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, as qualified dividend income generally to the extent they are attributable to dividends we receive from our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or (3) constitute a return of capital generally to the extent that they exceed our accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the basis of a stockholders investment in our common stock.
If our stockholders participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, they will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, it may have to use funds from other sources to pay its tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from qualified dividends payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2011. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including the market price of our common stock.
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In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gain), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be preferential dividends. A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. Currently, there is uncertainty as to the IRSs position regarding whether certain arrangements that REITs have with their stockholders could give rise to the inadvertent payment of a preferential dividend (e.g., the pricing methodology for stock purchased under a distribution reinvestment program inadvertently causing a greater than 5% discount on the price of such stock purchased). There is no de minimis exception with respect to preferential dividends; therefore, if the IRS were to take the position that we inadvertently paid a preferential dividend, we may be deemed to have failed the 90% distribution test, and our status as a REIT could be terminated for the year in which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure. While we believe that our operations have been structured in such a manner that we will not be treated as inadvertently paying preferential dividends, we can provide no assurance to this effect.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire real estate assets, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. As a result of these rules, we intend to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because a TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a TRS will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of such TRS.
To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make or liquidate attractive investments from our portfolio. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our operating performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally may not include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) may consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRS. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must remedy the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and experiencing adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
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In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on your investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares. You also should note that our counsels tax opinion is based upon existing law, applicable as of the date of its opinion, all of which will be subject to change, either prospectively or retroactively.
Although REITs continue to receive substantially better tax treatment than entities taxed as corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of our stockholders.
In order to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns our shares of stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our shares of stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year. To help insure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of our shares of stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted by our board of directors, as long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock. Our board of directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and upon the disposition of our shares.
Subject to certain exceptions, distributions received from us will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Capital gain distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of U.S. real property generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. However, a capital gain dividend will not be treated as effectively connected
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income if (a) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (b) the non-U.S. stockholder does not own more than 5% of the class of our stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date the distribution is received. We do not anticipate that our shares will be regularly traded on an established securities market for the foreseeable future, and therefore, this exception is not expected to apply. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.
Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. Our common stock will not constitute a U.S. real property interest so long as we are a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity. A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REITs stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We believe, but cannot assure you, that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. stockholder sells or exchanges our common stock, gain arising from such a sale or exchange would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a U.S. real property interest if (a) our common stock is regularly traded, as defined by applicable Treasury regulations, on an established securities market, and (b) such non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale. However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established market. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders Sale of Shares. We encourage you to consult your tax advisor to determine the tax consequences applicable to you if you are a non-U.S. stockholder. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation of U.S. Stockholders Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders.
If (a) we are a pension-held REIT, (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred debt to purchase or hold our common stock, or (c) a holder of common stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, dividends on, and gains recognized on the sale of, common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Code.
If you are investing the assets of a pension, profit-sharing, 401(k), Keogh or other qualified retirement plan or the assets of an IRA in our common stock, you should satisfy yourself that, among other things:
| your investment is consistent with your fiduciary obligations under ERISA and the Code; |
| your investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing your plan or IRA, including your plans investment policy; |
| your investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA; |
| your investment will not impair the liquidity of the plan or IRA; |
| your investment will not produce UBTI for the plan or IRA; |
| you will be able to value the assets of the plan annually in accordance with ERISA or Code requirements; and |
| your investment will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Code Section 4975. |
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For a more complete discussion of the foregoing risks and other issues associated with an investment in shares by retirement plans, please see the Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations section of this prospectus.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Under current authoritative accounting guidance for leases, a lease is classified by a tenant as a capital lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership are considered to reside with the tenant. Under capital lease accounting for a tenant, both the leased asset and liability are reflected on their balance sheet. If the lease does not meet any of the criteria for a capital lease, the lease is considered an operating lease by the tenant, and the obligation does not appear on the tenants balance sheet; rather, the contractual future minimum payment obligations are only disclosed in the footnotes thereto. Thus, entering into an operating lease can appear to enhance a tenants balance sheet in comparison to direct ownership. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, and the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB, conducted a joint project to re-evaluate lease accounting. In August 2010, the FASB and the IASB jointly released exposure drafts of a proposed accounting model that would significantly change lease accounting. The final standards are expected to be issued in 2011. Changes to the accounting guidance could affect both our accounting for leases as well as that of our current and potential tenants. These changes may affect how the real estate leasing business is conducted. For example, if the accounting standards regarding the financial statement classification of operating leases are revised, then companies may be less willing to enter into leases in general or desire to enter into leases with shorter terms because the apparent benefits to their balance sheets could be reduced or eliminated. This in turn could cause a delay in investing our offering proceeds and make it more difficult for us to enter into leases on terms we find favorable.
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Certain statements contained in this registration statement, other than historical facts, may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We intend for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, as applicable by law. Such statements include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies, and prospects and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, as well as known and unknown risks, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. Therefore, such statements are not intended to be a guarantee of our performance in future periods. Such forward-looking statements can generally be identified by our use of forward-looking terminology such as may, will, would, could, should, expect, intend, anticipate, estimate, believe, continue, or other similar words. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date this report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We make no representation or warranty (express or implied) about the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements contained in this registration statement, and we do not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements are subject to unknown risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in the Risk Factors section of this registration statement.
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The following table sets forth information about how we have used proceeds raised in the initial offering and intend to use the proceeds raised in this follow-on offering, assuming that we sell the maximum offering of 150,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the initial offering and 32,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to this follow-on offering; the combined total offering amount will not exceed $1.5 billion. Many of the figures set forth below represent managements best estimate since they cannot be precisely calculated at this time. Assuming a maximum offering, we expect that approximately 87.115% of the money that stockholders invest will be used to buy real estate or make other investments and approximately 0.1% will be used for working capital, while the remaining approximately 12.885% will be used to pay expenses and fees including the payment of fees to Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, our advisor, and Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager.
Actual Initial Offering Amount as of September 30, 2010 (Not Including Distribution Reinvestment Plan)(1) |
Maximum Initial Offering(2) (Not Including Distribution Reinvestment Plan) |
Maximum Follow-On Offering(3) |
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Amount | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||||
Gross Offering Proceeds | $ | 415,015,000 | $ | 1,500,000,000 | $ | 325,000,000 | 100 | % | ||||||||
Less Public Offering Expenses: |
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Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fee(4) | $ | 37,899,000 | 150,000,000 | 32,500,000 | 10.0 | % | ||||||||||
Organization and Offering Expenses(5) | $ | 16,953,000 | 22,500,000 | 4,875,000 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||||
Amount Available for Investment(6) | $ | 360,163,000 | 287,625,000 | 287,625,000 | 88.5 | % | ||||||||||
Acquisition and Development: |
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Acquisition and Advisory Fees(7) | $ | 6,509,000 | 13,275,000 | 2,545,481 | 0.885 | % | ||||||||||
Acquisition Expenses(8) | $ | 3,524,960 | 6,000,000 | 1,150,500 | 0.4 | % | ||||||||||
Initial Working Capital Reserve(9) | | 1,500,000 | 325,000 | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
Amount Invested in Properties(10) | $ | 350,129,040 | $ | 1,306,725,000 | $ | 283,604,019 | 87.115 | % |
(1) | Based upon our actual sale of 41,908,409 shares as of September 30, 2010 to the public at a price of $10.00 per share. No effect is given to the 25,000,000 shares offered pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share. |
(2) | Assumes the maximum initial offering is sold, which includes 150,000,000 shares offered to the public at $10.00 per share. No effect is given to the shares offered pursuant to our initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan. |
(3) | The total amount raised between the initial and follow-on offering will not exceed $1.5 billion, excluding any funds raised by the distribution reinvestment plan. |
(4) | Includes selling commissions equal to 7% of aggregate gross offering proceeds, which commissions may be reduced for volume discounts described in Plan of Distribution Volume Discounts herein, and a dealer manager fee equal to 3% of aggregate gross offering proceeds, both of which are payable to the dealer manager, an affiliate of our advisor. The dealer manager, in its sole discretion, may reallow selling commissions of up to 7% of gross offering proceeds to other broker-dealers participating in this offering attributable to the shares sold by them and will reallow its dealer manager fee up to 3% of gross offering proceeds in marketing fees to broker-dealers participating in this offering based upon such factors as the volume of sales of such broker-dealers, the level of marketing support provided by such broker-dealers and the assistance of such broker-dealers in marketing the offering, or to reimburse representatives of such broker-dealers for the costs and expenses of attending our educational conferences and seminars. See the Plan of Distribution section of this prospectus for a description of the volume discount provisions. |
(5) | Organization and offering expenses consist of reimbursement of actual legal, accounting, printing and other accountable offering expenses, including amounts to reimburse American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, our advisor, for marketing, salaries and direct expenses of its employees, and employees of its affiliates while engaged in registering and marketing the shares (including, without limitation, |
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development of marketing materials and marketing presentations, and participating in due diligence, training seminars and educational conferences) and other marketing, coordination, administrative oversight and organization costs, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee. American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC and its affiliates are responsible for the payment of organization and offering expenses, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, to the extent they exceed 1.5% of gross offering proceeds, without recourse against or reimbursement by us; provided, however, that in no event will we pay or reimburse organization and offering expenses in excess of 10% of the gross offering proceeds. We currently estimate that approximately $4,875,000 of organization and offering costs will be incurred if the maximum follow-on offering of 32,500,000 shares is sold. |
(6) | Until required in connection with the acquisition and/or development of properties, substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering and, thereafter, any working capital reserves we may have, may be invested in short-term, highly-liquid investments including government obligations, bank certificates of deposit, short-term debt obligations and interest-bearing accounts. |
(7) | Acquisition fees are defined generally as fees and commissions paid by any party to any person in connection with identifying, reviewing, evaluating, investing in and the purchase, development or construction of properties. We will pay to our advisor, acquisition fees of 1% of the gross purchase price of each property acquired, which for purposes of this table we have assumed is an aggregate amount equal to our estimated amount invested in properties. Acquisition fees do not include acquisition expenses. For purposes of this table, we have assumed that no financing is used to acquire properties or other real estate assets. |
(8) | Acquisition expenses include legal fees and expenses, travel expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance premiums and other closing costs, personnel costs and miscellaneous expenses relating to the selection, acquisition and development of real estate properties. For purposes of this table, we have assumed expenses of 0.5% of average invested assets, which for purposes of this table we have assumed is our estimated amount invested in properties; however, expenses on a particular acquisition may be higher. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the total of all acquisition expenses and acquisition fees payable with respect to a particular property or investment shall be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to 4% of the gross purchase price of the property, or in the case of a mortgage loan 4% of the funds advanced, unless a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve fees and expenses in excess of this limit and determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to us. |
(9) | Working capital reserves typically are utilized for extraordinary expenses that are not covered by revenue generation of the property, such as tenant improvements, leasing commissions and major capital expenditures. Alternatively, a lender may require its own formula for escrow of working capital reserves. Because we expect most of our leases will be net leases, as described elsewhere herein, we do not expect to maintain significant working capital reserves. |
(10) | Includes amounts anticipated to be invested in properties net of fees, expenses and initial working capital reserves. |
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We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. The board is responsible for the overall management and control of our affairs. The board has retained American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC to manage our day-to-day affairs and the acquisition and disposition of our investments, subject to the boards supervision. As described in greater detail under Our Advisor, below, our advisor will be responsible (with the approval of the independent directors, in the case of the purchase of a property from an affiliate) for making investment decisions where the purchase price of a particular property is less than $15,000,000 and the investment does not exceed stated leverage limitations. Where such leverage limitations are exceeded or where the purchase price is equal to or greater than $15,000,000, investment decisions will be made by our board of directors.
Our charter has been reviewed and ratified by our entire board of directors, including the independent directors. This ratification by our board of directors is required by the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association, also known as the NASAA REIT Guidelines.
Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of our directors may be established by a majority of the entire board of directors, and after we commence this offering may not be fewer than three nor more than nine. Our charter provides that, after we commence this offering, a majority of the directors must be independent directors, except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, resignation or removal of an independent director. An independent director is a person who is not one of our officers or employees or an officer or employee of American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or its affiliates or any other real estate investment trust organized by our sponsor or advised by American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, has not otherwise been affiliated with such entities for the previous two years and does not serve as a director of more than three REITs organized by any principal executive or advised by American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC. Of our five directors, three are considered independent directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or officers, or officers of our advisor. Each director must have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by us. At least one of the independent directors must have at least three years of relevant real estate experience and at least one of our independent directors must be a financial expert with at least three years of relevant financial experience. Currently, substantially all of our directors has substantially in excess of three years of relevant real estate experience. Furthermore, our board of directors believe that diversity is an important attribute of the members who comprise our board of directors and that the members should represent an array of backgrounds and experiences. In making its determinations, the nominating and corporate governance committee reviews the appropriate experience, skills and characteristics required of directors in the context of our business. This review includes, in the context of the perceived needs of the board at that time, issues of knowledge, experience, judgment and skills relating to the understanding of the real estate industry, accounting or financial expertise. The nominating and corporate governance committee also gives consideration to the board having a diverse and appropriate mix of backgrounds and skills, the requirements in our charter and ability to exercise independence of thought, objective perspective and mature judgment and understand our business operations and objectives.
Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Although the number of directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease will not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.
Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting properly called for the purpose of the proposed removal.
Any vacancy created by an increase in the number of directors or the death, resignation, removal, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a director may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors. Independent directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies in the independent director positions. If at any time there are no directors in office, successor directors shall be elected by the stockholders. Each director will be bound by the charter and the bylaws.