regeneron_10k.htm
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
___________________
 
FORM 10-K
___________________
 
(Mark One)
x     ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
 
OR
 
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____
 
Commission File Number 0-19034
 
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
            New York             13-3444607
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No)

777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
 
(914) 347-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock - par value $.001 per share Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  þ   No  o
 
     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes  o   No  þ
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  þ   No  o
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  o   No  o
 
     Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer  þ
Accelerated filer  o
Non-accelerated filer  o
Smaller reporting company  o
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o   No  þ
 
     The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1,355,426,000, computed by reference to the closing sales price of the stock on NASDAQ on June 30, 2009, the last trading day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
 
     The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock as of February 12, 2010:
 
  Class of Common Stock Number of Shares
Class A Stock, $.001 par value 2,211,698  
Common Stock, $.001 par value 79,441,680

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
 
     Specified portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with solicitation of proxies for its 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. Exhibit index is located on pages 65 to 68 of this filing.
 



PART I
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 
     This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties relating to future events and the future financial performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and actual events or results may differ materially. These statements concern, among other things, the possible success and therapeutic applications of our product candidates and research programs, the commercial success of our marketed product, the timing and nature of the clinical and research programs now underway or planned, and the future sources and uses of capital and our financial needs. These statements are made by us based on management’s current beliefs and judgment. In evaluating such statements, stockholders and potential investors should specifically consider the various factors identified under the caption “Risk Factors” which could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
 
General
 
     Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and commercializes pharmaceutical products for the treatment of serious medical conditions. We currently have one marketed product: ARCALYST® (rilonacept) Injection for Subcutaneous Use, which is available for prescription in the United States for the treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), including Familial Cold Auto-inflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS) in adults and children 12 and older.
 
     We have eight product candidates in clinical development, including three that are in late-stage (Phase 3) clinical development. Our late stage programs are rilonacept, which is being developed for the prevention and treatment of gout-related flares; VEGF Trap-Eye, which is being developed in eye diseases using intraocular delivery in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare LLC; and aflibercept (VEGF Trap), which is being developed in oncology in collaboration with the sanofi-aventis Group. Our earlier stage clinical programs are REGN475, an antibody to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which is being developed for the treatment of pain; REGN88, an antibody to the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), which is being developed in rheumatoid arthritis; REGN421, an antibody to Delta-like ligand-4 (Dll4), which is being developed in oncology; REGN727, an antibody to PCSK9, which is being developed for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction; and REGN668, an antibody to the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is being developed for certain allergic and immune conditions. All five of our earlier stage clinical programs are fully human antibodies that are being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
     Our core business strategy is to maintain a strong foundation in basic scientific research and discovery-enabling technologies and combine that foundation with our clinical development and manufacturing capabilities. Our long-term objective is to build a successful, integrated biopharmaceutical company that provides patients and medical professionals with new and better options for preventing and treating human diseases. However, developing and commercializing new medicines entails significant risk and expense.
 
     We believe that our ability to develop product candidates is enhanced by the application of our VelociSuite™ technology platforms. Our discovery platforms are designed to identify specific genes of therapeutic interest for a particular disease or cell type and validate targets through high-throughput production of mammalian models. Our human monoclonal antibody technology (VelocImmune®) and cell line expression technologies (VelociMab™) may then be utilized to design and produce new product candidates directed against the disease target. Our five antibody product candidates currently in clinical trials were developed using VelocImmune. Under the terms of our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis, which was expanded during 2009, we plan to advance an average of four to five new antibody product candidates into clinical development each year, for an anticipated total of 30-40 candidates over the next eight years. We continue to invest in the development of enabling technologies to assist in our efforts to identify, develop, manufacture, and commercialize new product candidates.
 
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Commercial Product:
 
ARCALYST® (rilonacept) – Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)
 
     In February 2008, we received marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ARCALYST® (rilonacept) Injection for Subcutaneous Use for the treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), including Familial Cold Auto-inflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS) in adults and children 12 and older. We shipped $20.0 million of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) to our distributors in 2009, compared to $10.7 million in 2008. We own worldwide rights to ARCALYST.
 
     In October 2009, rilonacept was approved under exceptional circumstances by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for the treatment of CAPS with severe symptoms in adults and children aged 12 years and older. Such authorizations are permissible for products for which a company can demonstrate that comprehensive data cannot be provided, for example, because of the rarity of the condition. Each year, we will need to provide for review by the EMEA any new or follow-up information that may become available. Rilonacept is not currently marketed in the European Union.
 
     ARCALYST is a protein-based product designed to bind the interleukin-1 (called IL-1) cytokine and prevent its interaction with cell surface receptors. ARCALYST is approved in the United States for patients with CAPS, a group of rare, inherited, auto-inflammatory conditions characterized by life-long, recurrent symptoms of rash, fever/chills, joint pain, eye redness/pain, and fatigue. Intermittent, disruptive exacerbations or flares can be triggered at any time by exposure to cooling temperatures, stress, exercise, or other unknown stimuli. CAPS is caused by a range of mutations in the gene NLRP3 (formerly known as CIAS1) which encodes a protein named cryopyrin. In addition to FCAS and MWS, CAPS includes Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID). ARCALYST has not been studied for the treatment of NOMID.
 
Clinical Programs:
 
1. Rilonacept – Inflammatory Diseases
 
     We are evaluating rilonacept in gout, a disease in which, as in CAPS, IL-1 may play an important role in pain and inflammation. In September 2008, we announced the results of a Phase 2 study which evaluated the efficacy and safety of rilonacept versus placebo in the prevention of gout flares induced by the initiation of urate-lowering drug therapy. In this 83-patient, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the mean number of flares per patient over the first 12 weeks of urate-lowering therapy was 0.79 with placebo and 0.15 with rilonacept (p=0.0011), an 81% reduction. This was the primary endpoint of the study. All secondary endpoints also were met with statistical significance. In the first 12 weeks of treatment, 45.2% of patients treated with placebo experienced a gout flare and, of those, 47.4% had more than one flare. Among patients treated with rilonacept, only 14.6% experienced a gout flare (p=0.0037 versus placebo) and none had more than one flare. Injection-site reaction was the most commonly reported adverse event with rilonacept and no serious drug-related adverse events were reported.
 
     Results from this study after the first 16 weeks of urate-lowering therapy were reported at the annual meeting of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) in June 2009. Through 16 weeks, the mean number of flares per patient was 0.93 with placebo and 0.22 with rilonacept (p=0.0036). In the first 16 weeks of treatment, 47.6% of patients treated with placebo experienced a gout flare and, of those, 55.0% had more than one flare. Among patients treated with rilonacept, 22.0% experienced a gout flare (p=0.0209 versus placebo) and none had more than one flare. Adverse events after 16 weeks of treatment were similar to those reported after 12 weeks with the most frequently reported categories being infection and musculoskeletal complaints.
 
     Gout is characterized by high blood levels of uric acid, a bodily waste product normally excreted by the kidneys. The uric acid can form crystals in the joints of the toes, ankles, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. Chronic treatment with uric acid-lowering medicines, such as allopurinol, is prescribed to eliminate the uric acid crystals and prevent reformation. During the first months of allopurinol therapy, while uric acid blood levels are being reduced, the break up of the uric acid crystals can result in stimulation of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, resulting in acute flares of joint pain and inflammation. These painful flares generally persist for at least five days.
 
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     During the first quarter of 2009, we initiated a Phase 3 clinical development program with rilonacept for the treatment of gout. The program includes four clinical trials. Two Phase 3 clinical trials (called PRE-SURGE 1 and PRE-SURGE 2) are evaluating rilonacept versus placebo for the prevention of gout flares in patients initiating urate-lowering drug therapy. A third Phase 3 trial in acute gout (SURGE) is evaluating treatment with rilonacept alone versus rilonacept in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) versus an NSAID alone. The fourth Phase 3 trial is a placebo-controlled safety study (RE-SURGE) of rilonacept in patients receiving urate-lowering therapy. SURGE and PRE-SURGE 1 are fully enrolled. We expect to report initial data from SURGE and PRE-SURGE 1 during the first half of 2010 and from PRE-SURGE 2 and RE-SURGE during the first half of 2011.
 
Royalty Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG
 
     In June 2009, we entered into a royalty agreement with Novartis Pharma AG that replaced a previous collaboration and license agreement. Under this agreement, we are entitled to receive royalties on worldwide sales of Novartis’ canakinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-IL1ß antibody. We waived our right to opt-in to the development and commercialization of canakinumab. Canakinumab is approved to treat Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) and is in development for chronic gout, type 2 diabetes, and a number of other inflammatory diseases.
 
2. VEGF Trap-Eye – Ophthalmologic Diseases
 
     VEGF Trap-Eye is a specially purified and formulated form of VEGF Trap for use in intraocular applications. We and Bayer HealthCare are testing VEGF Trap-Eye in a Phase 3 program in patients with the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). We and Bayer HealthCare are also conducting a Phase 2 study of VEGF Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Wet AMD and diabetic retinopathy (which includes DME) are two of the leading causes of adult blindness in the developed world. In both conditions, severe visual loss is caused by a combination of retinal edema and neovascular proliferation. We and Bayer HealthCare also initiated a Phase 3 program in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in July 2009. In connection with the dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 study in CRVO, we received a $20.0 million milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare.
 
     The Phase 3 trials in wet AMD, known as VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 (VEGF Trap: Investigation of Efficacy and Safety in Wet age-related macular degeneration), are comparing VEGF Trap-Eye and Lucentis® (ranibizumab injection), marketed by Genentech, Inc., an anti-angiogenic agent approved for use in wet AMD. VIEW 1 is being conducted in North America and VIEW 2 is being conducted in Europe, Asia Pacific, Japan, and Latin America. The VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 trials are both evaluating VEGF Trap-Eye doses of 0.5 milligrams (mg) and 2.0 mg at dosing intervals of four weeks and 2.0 mg at a dosing interval of eight weeks (after three monthly doses) compared with Lucentis (Genentech) dosed according to its U.S. label, which specifies doses of 0.5 mg administered every four weeks over the first year. As-needed dosing (PRN) with both agents will be evaluated in the second year of the studies. VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 were fully enrolled in 2009, and initial data are expected in late 2010.
 
     We and Bayer HealthCare have conducted a Phase 2 study in wet AMD which demonstrated that patients treated with VEGF Trap-Eye achieved durable improvements in visual acuity and retinal thickness for up to one year. These one-year study results were reported at the 2008 annual meeting of the Retina Society. In this double-masked Phase 2 trial, known as CLEAR-IT 2, 157 patients were initially treated for three months with VEGF Trap-Eye: two groups received monthly doses of 0.5 or 2.0 mg (at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12) and three groups received quarterly doses of 0.5, 2.0, or 4.0 mg (at baseline and week 12). Following the initial three-month fixed-dosing phase, patients continued to receive VEGF Trap-Eye at the same dose on a PRN dosing schedule through one year, based upon the physician assessment of the need for re-treatment in accordance with pre-specified criteria.
 
     In this Phase 2 study, patients receiving monthly doses of VEGF Trap-Eye of either 2.0 or 0.5 mg for 12 weeks followed by PRN dosing achieved mean improvements in visual acuity versus baseline of 9.0 letters (p<0.0001 versus baseline) and 5.4 letters (p<0.085 versus baseline), respectively, at the end of one year. The proportion of patients with vision of 20/40 or better (part of the legal minimum requirement for an unrestricted driver’s license in the U.S.) increased from 23% at baseline to 45% at week 52 in patients initially treated with 2.0 mg monthly and from 16% at baseline to 47% at week 52 in patients initially treated with 0.5 mg monthly. Patients receiving monthly doses of VEGF Trap-Eye of either 2.0 or 0.5 mg also achieved mean decreases in retinal thickness versus baseline of 143 microns (p<0.0001 versus baseline) and 125 microns (p<0.0001 versus baseline) at week 52, respectively. After
 
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week 12 to week 52 in the PRN dosing period, patients initially dosed on a 2.0 mg monthly schedule received, on average, only 1.6 additional injections and those initially dosed on a 0.5 mg monthly schedule received, on average, 2.5 additional injections.
 
     While PRN dosing following a fixed quarterly dosing regimen (with dosing at baseline and week 12) also yielded improvements in visual acuity and retinal thickness versus baseline at week 52, the results generally were not as robust as those obtained with initial fixed monthly dosing.
 
     All patients who completed the one year CLEAR-IT 2 study were eligible to participate in an extension stage of the study. Twenty-four-month results of the extension stage were presented in October 2009 at the 2009 American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting. After receiving VEGF Trap-Eye for one year, the 117 patients who elected to enter the extension stage were dosed on a 2.0 mg PRN basis, irrespective of the dose at which they were treated earlier in the study. On a combined basis, for these 117 patients, the mean gain in visual acuity was 7.3 letters (p<0.0001 versus baseline) at the three-month primary endpoint of the original Phase 2 study, 8.4 letters (p<0.0001 versus baseline) at one year, and 6.1 letters (p<0.0001 versus baseline) at month 12 of the extension stage. Thus, after 24 months of dosing with VEGF Trap-Eye in the Phase 2 study, patients continued to maintain a highly significant improvement in visual acuity versus baseline, while receiving, on average, only 4.6 injections over the 21-month PRN dosing phase that extended from month three to month 24. The most common adverse events were those typically associated with intravitreal injections and included conjunctival hemorrhage at the injection site and transient increased intraocular pressure following an injection.
 
     The DME study, known as the DA VINCI study, is a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial that is evaluating four different VEGF Trap-Eye dosing regimens versus laser treatment. A total of 240 patients with clinically significant DME with central macular involvement were randomized to five groups. VEGF Trap-Eye achieved the primary endpoint of the study, a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity compared to focal laser therapy, the standard of care in DME. Visual acuity was measured by the mean number of letters gained over the initial 24 weeks of the study. Patients in each of the four dosing groups receiving VEGF Trap-Eye achieved statistically significantly greater mean improvements in visual acuity (8.5 to 11.4 letters of vision gained) compared to patients receiving focal laser therapy (2.5 letters gained) at week 24 (p< 0.01 for each VEGF Trap-Eye group versus focal laser). VEGF Trap-Eye was generally well-tolerated, and no ocular or non-ocular drug-related serious adverse events were reported in the study. The adverse events reported were those typically associated with intravitreal injections or the underlying disease. Following the initial 24 weeks of treatment, patients continue to be treated for another 24 weeks on the same dosing regimens. Initial one-year results will be available later in 2010.
 
     VEGF Trap-Eye is also in Phase 3 development for the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), another cause of blindness. The COPERNICUS (COntrolled Phase 3 Evaluation of Repeated iNtravitreal administration of VEGF Trap-Eye In Central retinal vein occlusion: Utility and Safety) study is being led by Regeneron and the GALILEO (General Assessment Limiting InfiLtration of Exudates in central retinal vein Occlusion with VEGF Trap-Eye) study is being led by Bayer HealthCare. Patients in both studies will receive six monthly intravitreal injections of either VEGF Trap-Eye at a dose of 2 mg or sham control injections. The primary endpoint of both studies is improvement in visual acuity versus baseline after six months of treatment. At the end of the initial six months, patients will be dosed on a PRN basis for another six months. All patients will be eligible for rescue laser treatment. Enrollment in the COPERNICUS study began during the third quarter of 2009, and enrollment in the GALILEO study began in October 2009. Initial data are anticipated in early 2011.
 
Collaboration with Bayer HealthCare
 
     In October 2006, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Bayer HealthCare for the global development and commercialization outside the United States of VEGF Trap-Eye. Under the agreement, we and Bayer HealthCare will collaborate on, and share the costs of, the development of VEGF Trap-Eye through an integrated global plan that encompasses wet AMD, DME, and CRVO. Bayer HealthCare will market VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States, where the companies will share equally in profits from any future sales of VEGF Trap-Eye. If VEGF Trap-Eye is granted marketing authorization in a major market country outside the United States, we will be obligated to reimburse Bayer HealthCare for 50% of the development costs that it has incurred under the agreement from our share of the collaboration profits. Within the United States, we retain exclusive commercialization rights to VEGF Trap-Eye and are entitled to all profits from any such sales. We received an up-front payment of $75.0 million from Bayer HealthCare. In 2007, we received a $20.0 million milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare following dosing
 
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of the first patient in a Phase 3 study of VEGF Trap-Eye in wet AMD. In July 2009, we received a $20.0 million milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare following dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 study of VEGF Trap-Eye in CRVO. We can earn up to $70 million in additional development and regulatory milestones related to the development of VEGF Trap-Eye and marketing approvals in major market countries outside the United States. We can also earn up to $135 million in sales milestones if total annual sales of VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States achieve certain specified levels starting at $200 million.
 
3. Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) – Oncology
 
     Aflibercept is a protein-based product candidate designed to bind all forms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (called VEGF-A, also known as Vascular Permeability Factor or VPF), VEGF-B, and the related Placental Growth Factor (called PlGF), and prevent their interaction with cell surface receptors. VEGF-A (and to a less validated degree, PlGF) is required for the growth of new blood vessels (a process known as angiogenesis) that are needed for tumors to grow and is a potent regulator of vascular permeability and leakage.
 
     Aflibercept is being developed globally in cancer indications in collaboration with sanofi-aventis. We and sanofi-aventis are enrolling patients in three Phase 3 trials that combine aflibercept with standard chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of cancer. One trial (called VELOUR) is evaluating aflibercept as a 2nd line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with FOLFIRI (folinic acid (leucovorin), 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan). A second trial (VITAL) is evaluating aflibercept as a 2nd line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in combination with docetaxel. A third trial (VENICE) is evaluating aflibercept as a 1st line treatment for metastatic androgen independent prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel/prednisone. All three trials are studying the current standard of chemotherapy care for the cancer being studied with and without aflibercept. VITAL and VENICE are fully enrolled, and the VELOUR study is approximately 95% enrolled. In addition, a Phase 2 study (called AFFIRM) of aflibercept in 1st line metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with FOLFOX (folinic acid (leucovorin), 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) is approximately 75% enrolled.
 
     Each of the Phase 3 studies is monitored by an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC), a body of independent clinical experts. The IDMCs meet periodically to evaluate data from the studies and may recommend changes in study design or study discontinuation. Both interim and final analyses will be conducted when a prespecified number of events have occurred in each trial. Based on current enrollment and event rates, (i) an interim analysis of VELOUR is expected to be conducted by an IDMC in the second half of 2010, (ii) final results are anticipated in the first half of 2011 from the VITAL study and in the second half of 2011 from the VELOUR study, and (iii) an interim analysis of VENICE is expected to be conducted by an IDMC in mid-2011, with final results anticipated in 2012.
 
     A fourth Phase 3 trial (VANILLA) that was evaluating aflibercept as a 1st line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine was discontinued in September 2009 following a planned interim efficacy analysis by that study’s IDMC. The IDMC determined that the addition of aflibercept to gemcitabine would be unable to demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in the primary endpoint of overall survival compared to placebo plus gemcitabine in this study. The types and frequencies of adverse events reported in the combination arm with aflibercept were generally as anticipated.
 
     During 2009, summary results were reported for a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 single-agent study of aflibercept in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) patients with symptomatic malignant ascites (SMA), an abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Patients receiving aflibercept experienced a statistically significant improvement (55 days with aflibercept as compared to 23 days for patients receiving placebo (p=0.0019)) in the primary study endpoint, mean time to first repeat paracentesis (removal of fluid from the abdominal cavity), versus placebo control. There was a statistically similar incidence of deaths in both treatment groups. Four fatal events were assessed by the investigators as aflibercept treatment related. The types and frequencies of adverse events reported with aflibercept in this study were generally consistent with those reported in clinical studies with other anti-VEGF therapies in AOC patients. Although the study demonstrated that aflibercept is a clinically active agent in this setting, given the small number of patients enrolled in this study and their fragile health status, we and sanofi-aventis concluded that it was difficult to definitively assess the overall clinical benefit that might be derived from treatment in the real-world clinical practice setting and, therefore, the data were not sufficient to submit for regulatory approval in the SMA indication.
 
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Aflibercept Collaboration with the sanofi-aventis Group
 
     We and sanofi-aventis U.S. (successor to Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) globally collaborate on the development and commercialization of aflibercept. Under the terms of our September 2003 collaboration agreement, as amended, we and sanofi-aventis will share co-promotion rights and profits on sales, if any, of aflibercept outside of Japan for disease indications included in our collaboration. In Japan, we are entitled to a royalty of approximately 35% on annual sales of aflibercept, subject to certain potential adjustments. We may also receive up to $400 million in milestone payments upon receipt of specified marketing approvals, including up to $360 million in milestone payments related to the receipt of marketing approvals for up to eight aflibercept oncology and other indications in the United States or the European Union and up to $40 million related to the receipt of marketing approvals for up to five oncology indications in Japan.
 
     Under the aflibercept collaboration agreement, as amended, agreed upon worldwide development expenses incurred by both companies during the term of the agreement will be funded by sanofi-aventis. If the collaboration becomes profitable, we will be obligated to reimburse sanofi-aventis for 50% of aflibercept development expenses in accordance with a formula based on the amount of development expenses and our share of the collaboration profits and Japan royalties, or at a faster rate at our option.
 
4. REGN475 (Anti-NGF Antibody) for pain
 
     Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of secreted proteins. NGF antagonists have been shown to prevent increased sensitivity to pain and abnormal pain response in animal models of neuropathic and chronic inflammatory pain. Mutations in the genes that code for the NGF receptors were identified in people suffering from a loss of deep pain perception. For these and other reasons, we believe blocking NGF could be a promising therapeutic approach to a variety of pain indications.
 
     REGN475 is a fully human monoclonal antibody to NGF generated using our VelocImmune® technology. Preclinical experiments indicate that REGN475 specifically binds to and blocks NGF activity and does not bind to or block cell signaling for closely related neurotrophins such as NT-3, NT-4/5, or BDNF.
 
     In the third quarter of 2009, we began a Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, proof-of-concept study of REGN475 in persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Preliminary data from that study are expected in the first half of 2010. Additionally, four Phase 2 proof-of-concept studies in other pain indications (sciatica, vertebral fracture, chronic pancreatitis, and thermal injury) were initiated in late 2009 and early 2010. REGN475 is being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
5. REGN88 (Anti-IL-6R Antibody) for inflammatory diseases
 
     Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, causing inflammation and joint destruction. A therapeutic antibody to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), tocilizumab, developed by Roche, has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
 
     REGN88 is a fully human monoclonal antibody to IL-6R generated using our VelocImmune technology that is in a Phase 2/3 double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and a Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. REGN88 is being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
6. REGN421 (Anti-Dll4 Antibody) for advanced malignancies
 
     In many clinical settings, positively or negatively regulating blood vessel growth could have important therapeutic benefits, as could the repair of damaged and leaky vessels. VEGF was the first growth factor shown to be specific for blood vessels, by virtue of having its receptor specifically expressed on blood vessel cells. In the December 21, 2006 issue of the journal Nature, we reported data from a preclinical study demonstrating that blocking an important cell signaling molecule, known as Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), inhibited the growth of experimental tumors by interfering with their ability to produce a functional blood supply. The inhibition of tumor growth was seen in a variety of tumor types, including those that were resistant to blockade of VEGF, suggesting a novel anti-angiogenesis therapeutic approach. Moreover, inhibition of tumor growth is enhanced by the combination of Dll4 and VEGF blockade in many preclinical tumor models.
 
     REGN421 is a fully human monoclonal antibody to Dll4 generated using our VelocImmune technology. REGN421 is being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis and is in Phase 1 clinical development.
 
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7. REGN727 (Anti-PCSK9 Antibody) for LDL cholesterol reduction
 
     Elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels is a validated risk factor leading to cardiovascular disease. Statins are a class of drugs that lower LDL by upregulating the expression of the LDL receptor (LDLR), which removes LDL from circulation. PCSK9 (proprotein convertase substilisin/kexin type 9) is a protein that binds to LDLR, which prevents LDLR from binding to LDL and removes it from circulation. People who have a mutation that reduces the activity of PCSK9 have lower levels of LDL, as well as a reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events. We used our VelocImmune® technology to derive a fully human monoclonal antibody called REGN727 that is designed to bind to PCSK9 and prevent it from inhibiting LDLR. REGN727 is being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis and is in Phase 1 clinical development.
 
8. REGN668 (Anti-IL4R Antibody) for allergic and immune conditions
 
     Interleukin-4 receptor (IL4Ra) is required for signaling by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Both of these cytokines are critical mediators of immune response, which, in turn, drives the formation of antibodies and the development of allergic responses, as well as the atopic state that underlies asthma and atopic dermatitis. REGN668 is a fully human VelocImmune antibody that is designed to bind to IL4R. REGN668 is being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis and is in Phase 1 clinical development.
 
Research and Development Technologies:
 
     One way that a cell communicates with other cells is by releasing specific signaling proteins, either locally or into the bloodstream. These proteins have distinct functions, and are classified into different “families” of molecules, such as peptide hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. All of these secreted (or signaling) proteins travel to and are recognized by another set of proteins, called “receptors,” which reside on the surface of responding cells. These secreted proteins impact many critical cellular and biological processes, causing diverse effects ranging from the regulation of growth of particular cell types, to inflammation mediated by white blood cells. Secreted proteins can at times be overactive and thus result in a variety of diseases. In these disease settings, blocking the action of specific secreted proteins can have clinical benefit.
 
     Our scientists have developed two different technologies to design protein therapeutics to block the action of specific secreted proteins. The first technology, termed the “Trap” technology, was used to generate our first approved product, ARCALYST® (rilonacept), as well as aflibercept and VEGF Trap-Eye, all of which are in Phase 3 clinical trials. These novel “Traps” are composed of fusions between two distinct receptor components and the constant region of an antibody molecule called the “Fc region”, resulting in high affinity product candidates. VelociSuite is our second technology platform and it is used for discovering, developing, and producing fully human monoclonal antibodies.
 
VelociSuiteTM
 
     VelociSuite consists of VelocImmune, VelociGene®, VelociMouse®, and VelociMabTM. The VelocImmune mouse platform is utilized to produce fully human monoclonal antibodies. VelocImmune was generated by exploiting our VelociGene technology (see below), in a process in which six megabases of mouse immune gene loci were replaced, or “humanized,” with corresponding human immune gene loci. VelocImmune mice can be used to generate efficiently fully human monoclonal antibodies to targets of therapeutic interest. VelocImmune and our entire VelociSuite offer the potential to increase the speed and efficiency through which human monoclonal antibody therapeutics may be discovered and validated, thereby improving the overall efficiency of our early stage drug development activities. We are utilizing the VelocImmune technology to produce our next generation of drug candidates for preclinical and clinical development.
 
     Our VelociGene platform allows custom and precise manipulation of very large sequences of DNA to produce highly customized alterations of a specified target gene, or genes, and accelerates the production of knock-out and transgenic expression models without using either positive/negative selection or isogenic DNA. In producing knock-out models, a color or fluorescent marker may be substituted in place of the actual gene sequence, allowing for high-resolution visualization of precisely where the gene is active in the body during normal body functioning as well as in disease processes. For the optimization of pre-clinical development and toxicology programs, VelociGene offers the
 
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opportunity to humanize targets by replacing the mouse gene with the human homolog. Thus, VelociGene® allows scientists to rapidly identify the physical and biological effects of deleting or over-expressing the target gene, as well as to characterize and test potential therapeutic molecules.
 
     Our VelociMouse® technology platform allows for the direct and immediate generation of genetically altered mice from embryonic stem cells (ES cells), thereby avoiding the lengthy process involved in generating and breeding knockout mice from chimeras. Mice generated through this method are normal and healthy and exhibit a 100% germ-line transmission. Furthermore, the VelociMice are suitable for direct phenotyping or other studies. We have also developed our VelociMab platform for the rapid screening of antibodies and rapid generation of expression cell lines for our Traps and our VelocImmune® human monoclonal antibodies.
 
Antibody Collaboration and License Agreements
 
     sanofi-aventis. In November 2007, we and sanofi-aventis entered into a global, strategic collaboration to discover, develop, and commercialize fully human monoclonal antibodies. The collaboration is governed by a Discovery and Preclinical Development Agreement and a License and Collaboration Agreement. We received a non-refundable, up-front payment of $85.0 million from sanofi-aventis under the discovery agreement. In addition, sanofi-aventis is funding research at Regeneron to identify and validate potential drug discovery targets and develop fully human monoclonal antibodies against these targets. Sanofi-aventis funded approximately $175 million of research from the collaboration’s inception through December 31, 2009. In November 2009, we and sanofi-aventis amended these agreements to expand and extend our antibody collaboration. Sanofi-aventis will now fund up to $160 million per year of our antibody discovery activities over the period from 2010-2017, subject to a one-time option for sanofi-aventis to adjust the maximum reimbursement amount down to $120 million per year commencing in 2014 if over the prior two years certain specified criteria are not satisfied. In addition, sanofi-aventis will fund up to $30 million of agreed-upon costs we incur to expand our manufacturing capacity at our Rensselaer, New York facilities. As under the original 2007 agreement, sanofi-aventis also has an option to extend the discovery program for up to an additional three years for further antibody development and preclinical activities. We will lead the design and conduct of research activities, including target identification and validation, antibody development, research and preclinical activities through filing of an Investigational New Drug Application, toxicology studies, and manufacture of preclinical and clinical supplies. The goal of the expanded collaboration is to advance an average of four to five new antibody product candidates into clinical development each year, for an anticipated total of 30-40 candidates over the next eight years.
 
     For each drug candidate identified under the discovery agreement, sanofi-aventis has the option to license rights to the candidate under the license agreement. If it elects to do so, sanofi-aventis will co-develop the drug candidate with us through product approval. To date, sanofi-aventis has opted into the development of five antibody candidates. Development costs will be shared between the companies, with sanofi-aventis generally funding drug candidate development costs up front, except that following receipt of the first positive Phase 3 trial results for a co-developed drug candidate, subsequent Phase 3 trial-related costs for that drug candidate will be shared 80% by sanofi-aventis and 20% by us. We are generally responsible for reimbursing sanofi-aventis for half of the total development costs for all collaboration antibody products from our share of profits from commercialization of collaboration products to the extent they are sufficient for this purpose. However, we are not required to apply more than 10% of our share of the profits from collaboration products in any calendar quarter towards reimbursing sanofi-aventis for these development costs.
 
     Sanofi-aventis will lead commercialization activities for products developed under the license agreement, subject to our right to co-promote such products. The parties will equally share profits and losses from sales within the United States. The parties will share profits outside the United States on a sliding scale based on sales starting at 65% (sanofi-aventis)/35% (us) and ending at 55% (sanofi-aventis)/45% (us), and will share losses outside the United States at 55% (sanofi-aventis)/45% (us). In addition to profit sharing, we are entitled to receive up to $250 million in sales milestone payments, with milestone payments commencing after aggregate annual sales outside the United States exceed $1.0 billion on a rolling 12-month basis.
 
     In August 2008, we entered into an agreement with sanofi-aventis to use our VelociGene platform to supply sanofi-aventis with genetically modified mammalian models of gene function and disease. Sanofi-aventis will pay us a minimum of $21.5 million for the term of the agreement, which extends through December 2012, for knock-out and transgenic models of gene function for target genes identified by sanofi-aventis. Sanofi-aventis will use these models for its internal research programs that are outside of the scope of our antibody collaboration.
 
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     AstraZeneca UK Limited. In February 2007, we entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with AstraZeneca UK Limited that allows AstraZeneca to utilize our VelocImmune® technology in its internal research programs to discover human monoclonal antibodies. Under the terms of the agreement, AstraZeneca made $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments to us in the first quarter of 2007, 2008, and 2009. AstraZeneca is required to make up to three additional annual payments of $20.0 million, subject to its ability to terminate the agreement after making the next annual payment in the first quarter of 2010. We are entitled to receive a mid-single-digit royalty on any future sales of antibody products discovered by AstraZeneca using our VelocImmune technology.
 
     Astellas Pharma Inc. In March 2007, we entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with Astellas Pharma Inc. that allows Astellas to utilize our VelocImmune technology in its internal research programs to discover human monoclonal antibodies. Under the terms of the agreement, Astellas made $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments to us in the second quarter of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Astellas is required to make up to three additional annual payments of $20.0 million, subject to its ability to terminate the agreement after making the next annual payment in the second quarter of 2010. We are entitled to receive a mid-single-digit royalty on any future sales of antibody products discovered by Astellas using our VelocImmune technology.
 
National Institutes of Health Grant
 
     In September 2006, we were awarded a five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the NIH’s Knockout Mouse Project. The goal of the Knockout Mouse Project is to build a comprehensive and broadly available resource of knockout mice to accelerate the understanding of gene function and human diseases. We are using our VelociGene® technology to take aim at 3,500 of the most difficult genes to target and which are not currently the focus of other large-scale knockout mouse programs. We also agreed to grant a limited license to a consortium of research institutions, the other major participants in the Knockout Mouse Project, to use components of our VelociGene technology in the Knockout Mouse Project. We are generating a collection of targeting vectors and targeted mouse ES cells which can be used to produce knockout mice. These materials are available to academic researchers without charge. We will receive a fee for each targeted ES cell line or targeting construct made by us or the research consortium and transferred to commercial entities.
 
     Under the NIH grant, as amended, we are entitled to receive a minimum of $25.3 million over the five-year period beginning September 2006, including $1.5 million to optimize our existing C57BL/6 ES cell line and its proprietary growth medium, both of which are being supplied to the research consortium for its use in the Knockout Mouse Project. We have the right to use, for any purpose, all materials generated by us and the research consortium.
 
Research Programs
 
     Our preclinical research programs are in the areas of oncology and angiogenesis, ophthalmology, metabolic and related diseases, muscle diseases and disorders, inflammation and immune diseases, bone and cartilage, pain, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
     We have established a small commercial organization to support sales of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) for the treatment of CAPS in the United States. We have no sales or distribution personnel and distribute the product through third party service providers. We currently have no sales, marketing, commercial, or distribution organization outside the United States. If we receive regulatory approval to market and sell additional products in the United States or in other countries, we may either expand our commercial organization or rely on third party product licensees or service providers.
 
Manufacturing
 
     Our manufacturing facilities are located in Rensselaer, New York and consist of three buildings totaling approximately 395,500 square feet of research, manufacturing, office, and warehouse space. We currently have approximately 27,500 liters of cell culture capacity at these facilities and have plans to increase our manufacturing capacity to approximately 54,000 liters in 2010. Up to $30 million of agreed-upon costs related to this expansion will be funded by sanofi-aventis under the terms of our amended antibody collaboration. At December 31, 2009, we employed 278 people at our Rensselaer facilities. There were no impairment losses associated with long-lived assets at these facilities as of December 31, 2009.
 
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     Among the conditions for regulatory marketing approval of a medicine is the requirement that the prospective manufacturer’s quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to the good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulations of the health authority. In complying with standards set forth in these regulations, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the areas of production and quality control to ensure full technical compliance. Manufacturing establishments, both foreign and domestic, are also subject to inspections by or under the authority of the FDA and by other national, federal, state, and local agencies. If our manufacturing facilities fail to comply with FDA and other regulatory requirements, we will be required to suspend manufacturing. This would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow.
 
Competition
 
     We face substantial competition from pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical companies (see “Risk Factors Even if our product candidates are approved for marketing, their commercial success is highly uncertain because our competitors have received approval for products with a similar mechanism of action, and competitors may get to the marketplace with better or lower cost drugs.”). Our competitors include Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer Inc., Bayer HealthCare, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Abbott, sanofi-aventis, Merck & Co., Amgen Inc., Roche, and others. Many of our competitors have substantially greater research, preclinical, and clinical product development and manufacturing capabilities, and financial, marketing, and human resources than we do. Competition from smaller competitors may also be or become more significant if those competitors acquire or discover patentable inventions, form collaborative arrangements, or merge with large pharmaceutical companies. Even when we achieve product commercialization, one or more of our competitors may achieve product commercialization earlier than we do or obtain patent protection that dominates or adversely affects our activities. Our ability to compete will depend on how fast we can develop safe and effective product candidates, complete clinical testing and approval processes, and supply commercial quantities of the product to the market. Competition among product candidates approved for sale will also be based on efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, price, patent position, and other factors.
 
     ARCALYST®(rilonacept). In 2009, Novartis received regulatory approval in the U.S. and Europe for canakinumab (Ilaris®), a fully human anti-interleukin-IL1ß antibody, for the treatment of CAPS. Canakinumab is also in development for chronic gout and a number of other inflammatory diseases. In October 2009, Novartis announced positive Phase 2 results showing that canakinumab is significantly more effective than an injectable corticosteroid at reducing pain and preventing recurrent attacks or “flares” in patients with hard-to-treat gout. In addition, there are both small molecules and antibodies in development by other third parties that are designed to block the synthesis of interleukin-1 or inhibit the signaling of interleukin-1. For example, Eli Lilly and Xoma Ltd. are each developing antibodies to interleukin-1 and Amgen is developing an antibody to the interleukin-1 receptor. These drug candidates could offer competitive advantages over ARCALYST. The successful development and/or commercialization of these competing molecules could delay or impair our ability to successfully develop and commercialize ARCALYST.
 
     VEGF Trap-Eye. The market for eye disease products is also very competitive. Novartis and Genentech are collaborating on the commercialization and further development of a VEGF antibody fragment (Lucentis) for the treatment of wet AMD, DME, and other eye indications. Lucentis (Genentech) was approved by the FDA in June 2006 for the treatment of wet AMD. Many other companies are working on the development of product candidates for the potential treatment of wet AMD and DME that act by blocking VEGF and VEGF receptors, and through the use of small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) that modulate gene expression. In addition, ophthalmologists are using off-label, with success for the treatment of wet AMD, a third-party reformulated version of Genentech’s approved VEGF antagonist, Avastin® (bevacizumab). The relatively low cost of therapy with Avastin (Genentech) in patients with wet AMD presents a significant competitive challenge in this indication. The National Eye Institute (NEI) initiated a Phase 3 trial to compare Lucentis (Genentech) to Avastin (Genentech) in the treatment of wet AMD. Data from this NEI study are expected to be published in 2011. Avastin (Genentech) is also being evaluated in eye diseases in trials that have been initiated in the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Israel, and other areas.
 
     Aflibercept (VEGF Trap). Many companies are developing therapeutic molecules designed to block the actions of VEGF specifically and angiogenesis in general. A variety of approaches have been employed, including antibodies to VEGF, antibodies to the VEGF receptor, small molecule antagonists to the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, and other anti-angiogenesis strategies. Many of these alternative approaches may offer competitive advantages to our VEGF Trap in efficacy, side-effect profile, or method of delivery. Additionally, some of these molecules are either already approved for marketing or are at a more advanced stage of development than our product candidate.
 
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     In particular, Genentech has an approved VEGF antagonist, Avastin, on the market for treating certain cancers and a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are working to develop competing VEGF antagonists, including Novartis, Amgen, Pfizer, Imclone/Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline. Many of these molecules are further along in development than aflibercept and may offer competitive advantages over our molecule. Pfizer and Onyx (together with its partner Bayer Healthcare) are selling and marketing oral medications that target tumor cell growth and new vasculature formation that fuels the growth of tumors.
 
     Monoclonal Antibodies. Our early-stage clinical candidates in development are all fully human monoclonal antibodies, which were generated using our VelocImmune® technology. Our antibody generation technologies and early-stage clinical candidates face competition from many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies using various technologies.
 
     Numerous other companies are developing therapeutic antibody products. Companies such as Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, MedImmune, LLC (a subsidiary of AstraZeneca), Amgen, Biogen Idec, Inc., Novartis, Roche, Genentech, Bristol-Myers Squib, Abbott, and GlaxoSmithKline have generated therapeutic products that are currently in development or on the market that are derived from recombinant DNA that comprise human antibody sequences. As noted above, AstraZeneca and Astellas have licensed our VelocImmune technology as part of their internal antibody development programs.
 
     We are aware of several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies actively engaged in the research and development of antibody products against targets that are also the targets of our early-stage product candidates. For example, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Abbott are developing antibody product candidates against NGF. The Pfizer antibody against NGF is in Phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of pain due to osteoarthritis. Roche is marketing an antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and several other companies, including Centocor Ortho Biotech, Inc. and Bristol Myers Squibb, have antibodies against IL-6 in clinical development for this disease. GlaxoSmithKline, in partnership with OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has a Dll4 antibody in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. Aerovance has two formulations of a biologic directed against interleukin-4 in clinical development. Amgen previously had an antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor in clinical development for the treatment of asthma. We believe that several companies, including Amgen, have development programs for antibodies against PCSK9.
 
     Other Areas. Many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are attempting to discover new therapeutics for indications in which we invest substantial time and resources. In these and related areas, intellectual property rights have been sought and certain rights have been granted to competitors and potential competitors of ours, and we may be at a substantial competitive disadvantage in such areas as a result of, among other things, our lack of experience, trained personnel, and expertise. A number of corporate and academic competitors are involved in the discovery and development of novel therapeutics that are the focus of other research or development programs we are now conducting. These competitors include Amgen and Genentech, as well as many others. Many firms and entities are engaged in research and development in the areas of cytokines, interleukins, angiogenesis, and muscle conditions. Some of these competitors are currently conducting advanced preclinical and clinical research programs in these areas. These and other competitors may have established substantial intellectual property and other competitive advantages.
 
     If a competitor announces a successful clinical study involving a product that may be competitive with one of our product candidates or the grant of marketing approval by a regulatory agency for a competitive product, the announcement may have an adverse effect on our operations or future prospects or on the market price of our Common Stock.
 
     We also compete with academic institutions, governmental agencies, and other public or private research organizations, which conduct research, seek patent protection, and establish collaborative arrangements for the development and marketing of products that would provide royalties or other consideration for use of their technology. These institutions are becoming more active in seeking patent protection and licensing arrangements to collect royalties or other consideration for use of the technology they have developed. Products developed in this manner may compete directly with products we develop. We also compete with others in acquiring technology from these institutions, agencies, and organizations.
 
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Patents, Trademarks, and Trade Secrets
 
     Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection, and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties (see “Risk Factors – We may be restricted in our development and/or commercialization activities by, and could be subject to damage awards if we are found to have infringed, third party patents or other proprietary rights.”). Our policy is to file patent applications to protect technology, inventions, and improvements that we consider important to our business and operations. As of December 31, 2009, we held an ownership interest in a total of approximately 180 issued patents in the United States and over 750 issued patents in foreign countries with respect to our products and technologies. In addition, we held an ownership interest in hundreds of patent applications in the United States and foreign countries.
 
     Our patent portfolio includes granted patents and pending patent applications covering our VelociSuite™ technologies, including our VelocImmune® mouse platform which produces fully human monoclonal antibodies. Our issued patents covering these technologies generally expire between 2020 and 2030. However, we continue to file patent applications directed to improvements to these technology platforms.
 
     Our patent portfolio also includes issued patents and pending applications relating to our marketed product, ARCALYST® (rilonacept), and our product candidates in clinical development. These patents cover the proteins and DNA encoding the proteins, manufacturing patents, method of use patents, pharmaceutical compositions, as well as various methods of using the products. For each of ARCALYST and our late-stage clinical candidates, aflibercept (VEGF Trap) and VEGF Trap-Eye, these patents generally expire between 2020 and 2026. However, the projected patent terms may be subject to extension based on potential patent term extensions in countries where such extensions are available.
 
     We also are the nonexclusive licensee of a number of additional patents and patent applications. In July 2008 we entered into an Amended and Restated Non-Exclusive License Agreement with Cellectis S.A. pursuant to which we licensed certain patents and patent applications relating to a process for the specific replacement of a copy of a gene in the receiver genome by homologous recombination. Pursuant to this agreement, we agreed to pay Cellectis a low, single-digit royalty based on any future revenue received by us from any future licenses or sales of our VelociGene® or VelocImmune products or services. No royalties are payable on any revenue from commercial sales of antibodies from our VelocImmune technology, including antibodies developed under our collaboration with sanofi-aventis. We also have non-exclusive license agreements with Amgen and other organizations for patent rights related to ARCALYST. In exchange for these licenses, we pay a mid-single digit royalty on net sales of ARCALYST.
 
     Patent law relating to the patentability and scope of claims in the biotechnology field is evolving and our patent rights are subject to this additional uncertainty. The degree of patent protection that will be afforded to our products in the United States and other important commercial markets is uncertain and is dependent upon the scope of protection decided upon by the patent offices, courts, and governments in these countries. There is no certainty that our existing patents or others, if obtained, will provide us protection from competition or provide commercial benefit.
 
     Others may independently develop similar products or processes to those developed by us, duplicate any of our products or processes or, if patents are issued to us, design around any products and processes covered by our patents. We expect to continue, when appropriate, to file product and process applications with respect to our inventions. However, we may not file any such applications or, if filed, the patents may not be issued. Patents issued to or licensed by us may be infringed by the products or processes of others.
 
     Defense and enforcement of our intellectual property rights is expensive and time consuming, even if the outcome is favorable to us. It is possible that patents issued or licensed to us will be successfully challenged, that a court may find that we are infringing validly issued patents of third parties, or that we may have to alter or discontinue the development of our products or pay licensing fees to take into account patent rights of third parties.
 
Government Regulation
 
     Regulation by government authorities in the United States and foreign countries is a significant factor in the research, development, manufacture, and marketing of ARCALYST and our product candidates (see “Risk Factors If we do not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will not be able to market or sell them.”). All of our product candidates will require regulatory approval before they can be commercialized. In particular, human therapeutic products are subject to rigorous preclinical and clinical trials and other pre-market approval requirements by the FDA and foreign authorities. Many aspects of the structure and substance of the FDA and
 
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foreign pharmaceutical regulatory practices have been reformed during recent years, and continued reform is under consideration in a number of jurisdictions. The ultimate outcome and impact of such reforms and potential reforms cannot be predicted.
 
     The activities required before a product candidate may be marketed in the United States begin with preclinical tests. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations and animal studies to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product candidate and its formulations. The results of these studies must be submitted to the FDA as part of an Investigational New Drug Application, which must be reviewed by the FDA before proposed clinical testing can begin. Typically, clinical testing involves a three-phase process. In Phase 1, trials are conducted with a small number of subjects to determine the early safety profile of the product candidate. In Phase 2, clinical trials are conducted with subjects afflicted with a specific disease or disorder to provide enough data to evaluate the preliminary safety, tolerability, and efficacy of different potential doses of the product candidate. In Phase 3, large-scale clinical trials are conducted with patients afflicted with the specific disease or disorder in order to provide enough data to understand the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate, as required by the FDA. The results of the preclinical and clinical testing of a biologic product candidate are then submitted to the FDA in the form of a Biologics License Application, or BLA, for evaluation to determine whether the product candidate may be approved for commercial sale. In responding to a BLA, the FDA may grant marketing approval, request additional information, or deny the application.
 
     Any approval required by the FDA for any of our product candidates may not be obtained on a timely basis, or at all. The designation of a clinical trial as being of a particular phase is not necessarily indicative that such a trial will be sufficient to satisfy the parameters of a particular phase, and a clinical trial may contain elements of more than one phase notwithstanding the designation of the trial as being of a particular phase. The results of preclinical studies or early stage clinical trials may not predict long-term safety or efficacy of our compounds when they are tested or used more broadly in humans.
 
     Approval of a product candidate by comparable regulatory authorities in foreign countries is generally required prior to commencement of marketing of the product in those countries. The approval procedure varies among countries and may involve additional testing, and the time required to obtain such approval may differ from that required for FDA approval.
 
     Various federal, state, and foreign statutes and regulations also govern or influence the research, manufacture, safety, labeling, storage, record keeping, marketing, transport, and other aspects of pharmaceutical product candidates. The lengthy process of seeking these approvals and the compliance with applicable statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us or our collaborators or licensees to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could adversely affect the manufacturing or marketing of our products and our ability to receive product or royalty revenue.
 
     In addition to the foregoing, our present and future business will be subject to regulation under the United States Atomic Energy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, national restrictions, and other current and potential future local, state, federal, and foreign regulations.
 
Business Segments
 
     We manage our business as one segment which includes all activities related to the discovery of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of serious medical conditions and the development and commercialization of these discoveries. This segment also includes revenues and expenses related to (i) research and development activities conducted under our collaboration agreements with third parties and our grant from the NIH, (ii) ARCALYST® (rilonacept) product sales for the treatment of CAPS, (iii) licensing agreements to utilize our VelocImmune® technology, and (iv) the supply of specified, ordered research materials using our VelociGene® technology platform.
 
Employees
 
     As of December 31, 2009, we had 1,029 full-time employees, of whom 192 held a Ph.D. and/or M.D., or PharmD degree. We believe that we have been successful in attracting skilled and experienced personnel in a highly competitive environment; however, competition for these personnel is intense. None of our personnel are covered by collective bargaining agreements and our management considers its relations with our employees to be good.
 
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Available Information
 
     We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website (http://www.regeneron.com) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
     We operate in an environment that involves a number of significant risks and uncertainties. We caution you to read the following risk factors, which have affected, and/or in the future could affect, our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. The risks described below include forward-looking statements, and actual events and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Furthermore, additional risks and uncertainties are described under other captions in this report and should be considered by our investors.
 
Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Need for Additional Financing
 
We have had a history of operating losses and we may never achieve profitability. If we continue to incur operating losses, we may be unable to continue our operations.
 
     From inception on January 8, 1988 through December 31, 2009, we had a cumulative loss of $941.1 million. If we continue to incur operating losses and fail to become a profitable company, we may be unable to continue our operations. In the absence of substantial revenue from the sale of products or other sources, the amount, timing, nature or source of which cannot be predicted, our losses will continue as we conduct our research and development activities.
 
We may need additional funding in the future, which may not be available to us, and which may force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts.
 
     We will need to expend substantial resources for research and development, including costs associated with clinical testing of our product candidates. We believe our existing capital resources, including funding we are entitled to receive under our collaboration agreements, will enable us to meet operating needs through at least 2012; however, one or more of our collaboration agreements may terminate, our projected revenue may decrease, or our expenses may increase and that would lead to our capital being consumed significantly before such time. We may require additional financing in the future and we may not be able to raise such additional funds. If we are able to obtain additional financing through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, such sales may be dilutive to our shareholders. Debt financing arrangements may require us to pledge certain assets or enter into covenants that would restrict our business activities or our ability to incur further indebtedness and may contain other terms that are not favorable to our shareholders. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds to complete the development of our product candidates, we may face delay, reduction or elimination of our research and development programs or preclinical or clinical trials, in which case our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially harmed.
 
The value of our investment portfolio, which includes cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, is influenced by varying economic and market conditions. A decrease in the value of an asset in our investment portfolio or a default by the issuer may result in our inability to recover the principal we invested and/or a recognition of a loss charged against income.
 
     As of December 31, 2009, cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities totaled $390.0 million and represented 53% of our total assets. We have invested our excess cash primarily in direct obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, other debt securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, and money market funds that invest in U.S. Government securities and, to a lesser extent, investment grade debt securities issued by corporations, bank deposits, and asset-backed securities. We consider assets classified as marketable securities to be “available-for-sale,” as defined by FASB authoritative guidance. Marketable securities totaled $181.3 million at December 31, 2009, are carried at fair value, and the unrealized gains and losses are included in other accumulated
 
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comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. If the decline in the value of a security in our investment portfolio is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we write down the security to its current fair value and recognize a loss which may be fully charged against income. For example, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges related to certain marketable securities of $5.9 million, $2.5 million and $0.1 million in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. The current economic environment, the deterioration in the credit quality of some of the issuers of securities that we hold, and the recent volatility of securities markets increase the risk that we may not recover the principal we invested and/or there may be further declines in the market value of securities in our investment portfolio. As a result, we may incur additional charges against income in future periods for other-than-temporary impairments or realized losses upon a security’s sale or maturity, and such amounts may be material.
 
Risks Related to ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and the Development of Our Product Candidates
 
Successful development of any of our product candidates is highly uncertain.
 
     Only a small minority of all research and development programs ultimately result in commercially successful drugs. Even if clinical trials demonstrate safety and effectiveness of any of our product candidates for a specific disease and the necessary regulatory approvals are obtained, the commercial success of any of our product candidates will depend upon their acceptance by patients, the medical community, and third-party payers and on our partners’ ability to successfully manufacture and commercialize our product candidates. Our product candidates are delivered either by intravenous infusion or by intravitreal or subcutaneous injections, which are generally less well received by patients than tablet or capsule delivery. If our products are not successfully commercialized, we will not be able to recover the significant investment we have made in developing such products and our business would be severely harmed.
 
     We are testing aflibercept, VEGF Trap-Eye, and rilonacept in a number of late-stage clinical trials. Clinical trials may not demonstrate statistically sufficient effectiveness and safety to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for these product candidates. In a number of instances, we have terminated the development of product candidates due to a lack of or modest effectiveness.
 
     Aflibercept is in Phase 3 clinical trials in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of 2nd line metastatic colorectal cancer, 1st line androgen independent prostate cancer, and 2nd line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Aflibercept may not demonstrate the required safety or efficacy to support an application for approval in any of these indications. We do not have proof of concept data from early-stage, double-blind, controlled clinical trials that aflibercept will be safe or effective in any of these cancer settings.
 
     We are testing VEGF Trap-Eye in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of wet AMD and the treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Although we reported positive Phase 2 trial results with VEGF Trap-Eye in wet AMD, based on a limited number of patients, the results from the larger Phase 3 trials may not demonstrate that VEGF Trap-Eye is safe and effective or compares favorably to Lucentis (Genentech). A number of other potential new drugs and biologics which showed promising results in initial clinical trials subsequently failed to establish sufficient safety and efficacy data to obtain necessary regulatory approvals. VEGF Trap-Eye has not been previously studied in CRVO.
 
     Rilonacept is in Phase 3 clinical trials for two different gout indications – the prevention of gout flares in patients initiating urate-lowering drug therapy and acute gout. We do not have proof of concept data from Phase 2 clinical trials that rilonacept will be safe or effective in the acute gout setting. Although we reported positive Phase 2 proof of concept data from a small number of patients initiating urate-lowering drug therapy, there is a risk that the results of the larger Phase 3 trials of rilonacept in patients initiating urate-lowering drug therapy will differ from the previously reported Phase 2 trial. A number of potential new drugs and biologics which showed promising results in initial clinical trials subsequently failed to establish sufficient safety and efficacy data to obtain necessary regulatory approvals.
 
     We are studying our antibody candidates in a wide variety of indications in early stage clinical trials. Many of these trials are exploratory studies designed to evaluate the safety profile of these compounds and to identify what diseases and uses, if any, are best suited for these product candidates. These early stage product candidates may not demonstrate the requisite efficacy and/or safety profile to support continued development for some or all of the indications that are being, or are planned to be, studied.
 
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Clinical trials required for our product candidates are expensive and time-consuming, and their outcome is highly uncertain. If any of our drug trials are delayed or yield unfavorable results, we will have to delay or may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.
 
     We must conduct extensive testing of our product candidates before we can obtain regulatory approval to market and sell them. We need to conduct both preclinical animal testing and human clinical trials. Conducting these trials is a lengthy, time-consuming, and expensive process. These tests and trials may not achieve favorable results for many reasons, including, among others, failure of the product candidate to demonstrate safety or efficacy, the development of serious or life-threatening adverse events (or side effects) caused by or connected with exposure to the product candidate, difficulty in enrolling and maintaining subjects in the clinical trial, lack of sufficient supplies of the product candidate or comparator drug, and the failure of clinical investigators, trial monitors, contractors, consultants, or trial subjects to comply with the trial plan or protocol. A clinical trial may fail because it did not include a sufficient number of patients to detect the endpoint being measured or reach statistical significance. A clinical trial may also fail because the dose(s) of the investigational drug included in the trial were either too low or too high to determine the optimal effect of the investigational drug in the disease setting.
 
     Many of our clinical trials are conducted under the oversight of Independent Data Monitoring Committees (or IDMCs). These independent oversight bodies are made up of external experts who review the progress of ongoing clinical trials, including available safety and efficacy data, and make recommendations concerning a trial’s continuation, modification, or termination based on interim, unblinded data. Any of our ongoing clinical trials may be discontinued or amended in response to recommendations made by responsible IDMCs based on their review of such interim trial results. For example, in September 2009, a Phase 3 trial that was evaluating aflibercept as a 1st line treatment for metastic pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine was discontinued at the recommendation of an IDMC after a planned analysis of interim efficacy data determined that the trial would not meet its efficacy endpoint. The recommended termination of any of our ongoing late-stage clinical trials by an IDMC could harm the future development of our product candidate(s) and our business may be materially harmed.
 
     We will need to reevaluate any drug candidate that does not test favorably and either conduct new trials, which are expensive and time consuming, or abandon the drug development program. Even if we obtain positive results from preclinical or clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, including Regeneron, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after promising results have been obtained in earlier trials. The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness for the desired indication(s) could harm the development of our product candidate(s), and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
 
Serious complications or side effects have occurred, and may continue to occur, in connection with the use of our approved product and in clinical trials of some of our product candidates which could cause our regulatory approval to be revoked or otherwise negatively affected or lead to delay or discontinuation of development of our product candidates which could severely harm our business.
 
     During the conduct of clinical trials, patients report changes in their health, including illnesses, injuries, and discomforts, to their study doctor. Often, it is not possible to determine whether or not the drug candidate being studied caused these conditions. Various illnesses, injuries, and discomforts have been reported from time-to-time during clinical trials of our product candidates. It is possible as we test our drug candidates in larger, longer, and more extensive clinical programs, illnesses, injuries, and discomforts that were observed in earlier trials, as well as conditions that did not occur or went undetected in smaller previous trials, will be reported by patients. Many times, side effects are only detectable after investigational drugs are tested in large scale, Phase 3 clinical trials or, in some cases, after they are made available to patients after approval. If additional clinical experience indicates that any of our product candidates has many side effects or causes serious or life-threatening side effects, the development of the product candidate may fail or be delayed, which would severely harm our business.
 
     Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) is being studied for the potential treatment of certain types of cancer and our VEGF Trap-Eye candidate is being studied in diseases of the eye. There are many potential safety concerns associated with significant blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, that may limit our ability to successfully develop aflibercept and VEGF Trap-Eye. These serious and potentially life-threatening risks, based on clinical and preclinical experience of VEGF inhibitors, include bleeding, intestinal perforation, hypertension, proteinuria,
 
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congestive heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. In addition, patients given infusions of any protein, including VEGF Trap delivered through intravenous administration, may develop severe hypersensitivity reactions or infusion reactions. Other VEGF blockers have reported side effects that became evident only after large scale trials or after marketing approval and large number of patients were treated. These and other complications or side effects could harm the development of aflibercept for the treatment of cancer or VEGF Trap-Eye for the treatment of diseases of the eye.
 
     We have tested ARCALYST® (rilonacept) in only a small number of patients. As more patients begin to use our product and as we test it in new disease settings, new risks and side effects associated with ARCALYST may be discovered, and risks previously viewed as inconsequential could be determined to be significant. Like cytokine antagonists such as Kineret® (anakinra), marketed by Biovitrum, Enbrel® (etanercept), marketed by Amgen and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Remicade® (infliximab) marketed by Centocor, ARCALYST affects the immune defense system of the body by blocking some of its functions. Therefore, ARCALYST may interfere with the body’s ability to fight infections. Treatment with Kineret (Biovitrum), a medication that works through the inhibition of IL-1, has been associated with an increased risk of serious infections, and serious, life threatening infections have been reported in patients taking ARCALYST. These or other complications or side effects could cause regulatory authorities to revoke approvals of ARCALYST. Alternatively, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials, make changes in the labeling of our product, or limit or abandon our efforts to develop ARCALYST in new disease settings. These side effects may also result in a reduction, or even the elimination, of sales of ARCALYST in approved indications.
 
ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and our product candidates in development are recombinant proteins that could cause an immune response, resulting in the creation of harmful or neutralizing antibodies against the therapeutic protein.
 
     In addition to the safety, efficacy, manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles faced by our product candidates, the administration of recombinant proteins frequently causes an immune response, resulting in the creation of antibodies against the therapeutic protein. The antibodies can have no effect or can totally neutralize the effectiveness of the protein, or require that higher doses be used to obtain a therapeutic effect. In some cases, the antibody can cross react with the patient’s own proteins, resulting in an “auto-immune” type disease. Whether antibodies will be created can often not be predicted from preclinical or clinical experiments, and their detection or appearance is often delayed, so that there can be no assurance that neutralizing antibodies will not be detected at a later date, in some cases even after pivotal clinical trials have been completed. Antibodies directed against the receptor domains of rilonacept were detected in patients with CAPS after treatment with ARCALYST. Nineteen of 55 subjects (35%) who received ARCALYST for at least 6 weeks tested positive for treatment-emerging binding antibodies on at least one occasion. To date, no side effects related to antibodies were observed in these subjects and there were no observed effects on drug efficacy or drug levels. It is possible that as we continue to test aflibercept and VEGF Trap-Eye with more sensitive assays in different patient populations and larger clinical trials, we will find that subjects given aflibercept and VEGF Trap-Eye develop antibodies to these product candidates, and may also experience side effects related to the antibodies, which could adversely impact the development of such candidates.
 
We may be unable to formulate or manufacture our product candidates in a way that is suitable for clinical or commercial use.
 
     Changes in product formulations and manufacturing processes may be required as product candidates progress in clinical development and are ultimately commercialized. If we are unable to develop suitable product formulations or manufacturing processes to support large scale clinical testing of our product candidates, including aflibercept, VEGF Trap-Eye, and our antibody candidates, we may be unable to supply necessary materials for our clinical trials, which would delay the development of our product candidates. Similarly, if we are unable to supply sufficient quantities of our product or develop product formulations suitable for commercial use, we will not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates.
 
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property
 
If we cannot protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets or our patents are insufficient to protect our proprietary rights, our business and competitive position will be harmed.
 
     Our business requires using sensitive and proprietary technology and other information that we protect as trade secrets. We seek to prevent improper disclosure of these trade secrets through confidentiality agreements. If our trade secrets are improperly exposed, either by our own employees or our collaborators, it would help our competitors and adversely affect our business. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our rights are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. The patent position of biotechnology companies involves complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, enforceability cannot be predicted with certainty. Our patents may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. Patent applications filed outside the United States may be challenged by third parties who file an opposition. Such opposition proceedings are increasingly common in the European Union and are costly to defend. We have pending patent applications in the European Patent Office and it is likely that we will need to defend patent applications from third party challengers from time to time in the future. Our patent rights may not provide us with a proprietary position or competitive advantages against competitors. Furthermore, even if the outcome is favorable to us, the enforcement of our intellectual property rights can be extremely expensive and time consuming.
 
We may be restricted in our development and/or commercialization activities by, and could be subject to damage awards if we are found to have infringed, third party patents or other proprietary rights.
 
     Our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. Other parties may allege that they have blocking patents to our products in clinical development, either because they claim to hold proprietary rights to the composition of a product or the way it is manufactured or used. Moreover, other parties may allege that they have blocking patents to antibody products made using our VelocImmune® technology, either because of the way the antibodies are discovered or produced or because of a proprietary position covering an antibody or the antibody’s target.
 
     We are aware of patents and pending applications owned by Genentech that claim certain chimeric VEGF receptor compositions. Although we do not believe that aflibercept or VEGF Trap-Eye infringes any valid claim in these patents or patent applications, Genentech could initiate a lawsuit for patent infringement and assert that its patents are valid and cover aflibercept or VEGF Trap-Eye. Genentech may be motivated to initiate such a lawsuit at some point in an effort to impair our ability to develop and sell aflibercept or VEGF Trap-Eye, which represent potential competitive threats to Genentech’s VEGF-binding products and product candidates. An adverse determination by a court in any such potential patent litigation would likely materially harm our business by requiring us to seek a license, which may not be available, or resulting in our inability to manufacture, develop, and sell aflibercept or VEGF Trap-Eye or in a damage award.
 
     We are aware of patents and pending applications owned by Roche that claim antibodies to the interleukin-6 receptor and methods of treating rheumatoid arthritis with such antibodies. We are developing REGN88, an antibody to the interleukin-6 receptor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although we do not believe that REGN88 infringes any valid claim in these patents or patent applications, Roche could initiate a lawsuit for patent infringement and assert its patents are valid and cover REGN88.
 
     We are aware of a U.S. patent jointly owned by Genentech and City of Hope relating to the production of recombinant antibodies in host cells. We currently produce our antibody product candidates using recombinant antibodies from host cells and may choose to produce additional antibody product candidates in this manner. Neither ARCALYST® (rilonacept), aflibercept, nor VEGF Trap-Eye are recombinant antibodies. If any of our antibody product candidates are produced in a manner subject to valid claims in the Genentech patent, then we may need to obtain a license from Genentech, should one be available. Genentech has licensed this patent to several different companies under confidential license agreements. If we desire a license for any of our antibody product candidates and are unable to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms or at all, we may be restricted in our ability to use Genentech’s techniques to make recombinant antibodies in or to import them into the United States.
 
     Further, we are aware of a number of other third party patent applications that, if granted, with claims as currently drafted, may cover our current or planned activities. We cannot assure you that our products and/or actions in manufacturing and selling our product candidates will not infringe such patents.
 
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     Any patent holders could sue us for damages and seek to prevent us from manufacturing, selling, or developing our drug candidates, and a court may find that we are infringing validly issued patents of third parties. In the event that the manufacture, use, or sale of any of our clinical candidates infringes on the patents or violates other proprietary rights of third parties, we may be prevented from pursuing product development, manufacturing, and commercialization of our drugs and may be required to pay costly damages. Such a result may materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Legal disputes are likely to be costly and time consuming to defend.
 
     We seek to obtain licenses to patents when, in our judgment, such licenses are needed. If any licenses are required, we may not be able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The failure to obtain any such license could prevent us from developing or commercializing any one or more of our product candidates, which could severely harm our business.
 
Regulatory and Litigation Risks
 
If we do not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will not be able to market or sell them.
 
     We cannot sell or market products without regulatory approval. If we do not obtain and maintain regulatory approval for our product candidates, including ARCALYST® (rilonacept) for the treatment of diseases other than CAPS, the value of our company and our results of operations will be harmed. In the United States, we must obtain and maintain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for each drug we intend to sell. Obtaining FDA approval is typically a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. Foreign governments also regulate drugs distributed in their country and approval in any country is likely to be a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. Except for the FDA approval of ARCALYST and the EMEA approval of rilonacept for the treatment of CAPS, none of our product candidates has ever received regulatory approval to be marketed and sold in the United States or any other country. We may never receive regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.
 
     The FDA enforces good clinical practices and other regulations through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, clinical research organizations (CROs), principal investigators, and trial sites. If we or any of the third parties conducting our clinical studies are determined to have failed to fully comply with Good Clinical Practice regulations (GCPs), the study protocol or applicable regulations, the clinical data generated in our studies may be deemed unreliable. This could result in non-approval of our product candidates by the FDA, or we or the FDA may decide to conduct additional audits or require additional clinical studies, which would delay our development programs and substantially harm our business.
 
     Before approving a new drug or biologic product, the FDA requires that the facilities at which the product will be manufactured be in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP requirements. Manufacturing product candidates in compliance with these regulatory requirements is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. To be successful, our products must be manufactured for development, following approval, in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements, and at competitive costs. If we or any of our product collaborators or third-party manufacturers, product packagers, or labelers are unable to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA can impose regulatory sanctions, including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug or biologic product, or revocation of a pre-existing approval. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
 
     In addition to the FDA and other regulatory agency regulations in the United States, we are subject to a variety of foreign regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials, manufacturing, marketing and approval of drugs, and commercial sale and distribution of drugs in foreign countries. The foreign regulatory approval process includes all of the risks associated with FDA approval as well as country specific regulations. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product in the United States, we must obtain approval by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of ARCALYST or any of our product candidates in those countries.
 
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If we fail to meet the stringent requirements of governmental regulation in the manufacture of our marketed product and clinical candidates, we could incur substantial remedial costs, delays in the development of our clinical candidates, and a reduction in sales.
 
     We and our third party providers are required to maintain compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, and are subject to inspections by the FDA or comparable agencies in other jurisdictions to confirm such compliance. Changes of suppliers or modifications of methods of manufacturing may require amending our application to the FDA and acceptance of the change by the FDA prior to release of product. Because we produce multiple product candidates at our facility in Rensselaer, New York, there are increased risks associated with cGMP compliance. Our inability, or the inability of our third party service providers, to demonstrate ongoing cGMP compliance could require us to engage in lengthy and expensive remediation efforts, withdraw or recall product, halt or interrupt clinical trials, and/or interrupt commercial supply of our marketed product. Any delay, interruption or other issues that arise in the manufacture, fill-finish, packaging, or storage of our product candidates as a result of a failure of our facilities or the facilities or operations of third parties to pass any regulatory agency inspection or maintain cGMP compliance could significantly impair our ability to develop and commercialize our products. Any finding of non-compliance could increase our costs, cause us to delay the development of our product candidates, and cause us to lose revenue from our marketed product.
 
If the testing or use of our products harms people, we could be subject to costly and damaging product liability claims.
 
     The testing, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of drugs for use in people expose us to product liability risk. Any informed consent or waivers obtained from people who sign up for our clinical trials may not protect us from liability or the cost of litigation. We may be subject to claims by CAPS patients who use ARCALYST that they have been injured by a side effect associated with the drug. Our product liability insurance may not cover all potential liabilities or may not completely cover any liability arising from any such litigation. Moreover, we may not have access to liability insurance or be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms.
 
If we market and sell ARCALYST® (rilonacept) in a way that violates federal or state fraud and abuse laws, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties.
 
     In addition to FDA and related regulatory requirements, we are subject to health care “fraud and abuse” laws, such as the federal False Claims Act, the anti-kickback provisions of the federal Social Security Act, and other state and federal laws and regulations. Federal and state anti-kickback laws prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce, or in return for, purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any health care item or service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, or other federally or state financed health care programs.
 
     Federal false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid. Pharmaceutical companies have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety of alleged promotional and marketing activities, such as allegedly providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product; reporting to pricing services inflated average wholesale prices that were then used by federal programs to set reimbursement rates; engaging in promotion for uses that the FDA has not approved, or off-label uses, that caused claims to be submitted to Medicaid for non-covered off-label uses; and submitting inflated best price information to the Medicaid Rebate program.
 
     The majority of states also have statutes or regulations similar to the federal anti-kickback law and false claims laws, which apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payer. Sanctions under these federal and state laws may include civil monetary penalties, exclusion of a manufacturer’s products from reimbursement under government programs, criminal fines, and imprisonment.
 
     Even if we are not determined to have violated these laws, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which would also harm our financial condition. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the safe harbors, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws.
 
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     In recent years, several states and localities, including California, the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, Vermont, and West Virginia, have enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical companies to establish marketing compliance programs, and file periodic reports with the state or make periodic public disclosures on sales, marketing, pricing, clinical trials, and other activities. Similar legislation is being considered in other states and also at the federal level. Many of these requirements are new and uncertain, and the penalties for failure to comply with these requirements are unclear. Nonetheless, if we are found not to be in full compliance with these laws, we could face enforcement action and fines and other penalties, and could receive adverse publicity.
 
Our operations may involve hazardous materials and are subject to environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations. We may incur substantial liability arising from our activities involving the use of hazardous materials.
 
     As a biopharmaceutical company with significant manufacturing operations, we are subject to extensive environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations, including those governing the use of hazardous materials. Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of chemicals, viruses, radioactive compounds, and other hazardous materials. The cost of compliance with environmental, health, and safety regulations is substantial. If an accident involving these materials or an environmental discharge were to occur, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, or face regulatory actions, which could exceed our resources or insurance coverage.
 
Changes in the securities laws and regulations have increased, and are likely to continue to increase, our costs.
 
     The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which became law in July 2002, has required changes in some of our corporate governance, securities disclosure, and compliance practices. In response to the requirements of that Act, the SEC and the NASDAQ Stock Market have promulgated rules and listing standards covering a variety of subjects. Compliance with these rules and listing standards has increased our legal costs, and significantly increased our accounting and auditing costs, and we expect these costs to continue. These developments may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Likewise, these developments may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly independent directors, or qualified executive officers.
 
In future years, if we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, the market value of our Common Stock could be adversely affected.
 
     As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in their annual reports on Form 10-K that contains an assessment by management of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered public accounting firm auditing our financial statements must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm provided us with an unqualified report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. However, we cannot assure you that management or our independent registered public accounting firm will be able to provide such an unqualified report as of future year-ends. In this event, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in the market value of our Common Stock. In addition, if it is determined that deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls exist and that they are reasonably likely to adversely affect our ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information, we would likely incur additional costs to remediate these deficiencies and the costs of such remediation could be material.
 
Changes in laws and regulations affecting the healthcare industry could adversely affect our business.
 
     All aspects of our business, including research and development, manufacturing, marketing, pricing, sales, litigation, and intellectual property rights, are subject to extensive legislation and regulation. Changes in applicable federal and state laws and agency regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business. These include:
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     The enactment in the United States of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 and current pending legislation which would ease the entry of competing follow-on biologics into the marketplace are examples of changes and possible changes in laws that could adversely affect our business.
 
Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties
 
If our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis is terminated, our business operations and our ability to discover, develop, manufacture, and commercialize our pipeline of product candidates in the time expected, or at all, would be materially harmed.
 
     We rely heavily on the funding from sanofi-aventis to support our target discovery and antibody research and development programs. Sanofi-aventis has committed to pay up to $1.28 billion between 2010 and 2017 to fund our efforts to identify and validate drug discovery targets and pre-clinically develop fully human monoclonal antibodies against such targets. In addition, sanofi-aventis funds almost all of the development expenses incurred by both companies in connection with the clinical development of antibodies that sanofi-aventis elects to co-develop with us. We rely on sanofi-aventis to fund these activities. In addition, with respect to those antibodies that sanofi-aventis elects to co-develop with us, such as REGN88, REGN421, REGN475, REGN727, and REGN668 we rely on sanofi-aventis to lead much of the clinical development efforts and assist with obtaining regulatory approval, particularly outside the United States. We also rely on sanofi-aventis to lead the commercialization efforts to support all of the antibody products that are co-developed by sanofi-aventis and us. If sanofi-aventis does not elect to co-develop the antibodies that we discover or opts-out of their development, we would be required to fund and oversee on our own the clinical trials, any regulatory responsibilities, and the ensuing commercialization efforts to support our antibody products. If sanofi-aventis terminates the antibody collaboration or fails to comply with its payment obligations thereunder, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially harmed. We would be required to either expend substantially more resources than we have anticipated to support our research and development efforts, which could require us to seek additional funding that might not be available on favorable terms or at all, or materially cut back on such activities. While we cannot assure you that any of the antibodies from this collaboration will ever be successfully developed and commercialized, if sanofi-aventis does not perform its obligations with respect to antibodies that it elects to co-develop, our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize these antibody product candidates will be significantly adversely affected.
 
If our collaboration with sanofi-aventis for aflibercept (VEGF Trap) is terminated, or sanofi-aventis materially breaches its obligations thereunder, our business operations and financial condition, and our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize aflibercept in the time expected, or at all, would be materially harmed.
 
     We rely heavily on sanofi-aventis to lead much of the development of aflibercept. Sanofi-aventis funds all of the development expenses incurred by both companies in connection with the aflibercept program. If the aflibercept program continues, we will rely on sanofi-aventis to assist with funding the aflibercept program, provide commercial manufacturing capacity, enroll and monitor clinical trials, obtain regulatory approval, particularly outside the United States, and lead the commercialization of aflibercept. While we cannot assure you that aflibercept will ever be successfully developed and commercialized, if sanofi-aventis does not perform its obligations in a timely manner, or at all, our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize aflibercept in cancer indications will be significantly adversely affected. Sanofi-aventis has the right to terminate its collaboration agreement with us at any time upon twelve months advance notice. If sanofi-aventis were to terminate its collaboration agreement with us, we would not have the resources or skills to replace those of our partner, which could require us to seek additional funding
 
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that might not be available on favorable terms or at all, and could cause significant delays in the development and/or manufacture of aflibercept and result in substantial additional costs to us. We have limited commercial capabilities and would have to develop or outsource these capabilities. Termination of the sanofi-aventis collaboration agreement for aflibercept would create substantial new and additional risks to the successful development and commercialization of aflibercept.
 
If our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare for VEGF Trap-Eye is terminated, or Bayer HealthCare materially breaches its obligations thereunder, our business, operations and financial condition, and our ability to develop and commercialize VEGF Trap-Eye in the time expected, or at all, would be materially harmed.
 
     We rely heavily on Bayer HealthCare to assist with the development of VEGF Trap-Eye. Under our agreement with them, Bayer HealthCare is required to fund approximately half of the development expenses incurred by both companies in connection with the global VEGF Trap-Eye development program. If the VEGF Trap-Eye program continues, we will rely on Bayer HealthCare to assist with funding the VEGF Trap-Eye development program, lead the development of VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States, obtain regulatory approval outside the United States, and provide all sales, marketing, and commercial support for the product outside the United States. In particular, Bayer HealthCare has responsibility for selling VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States using its sales force. While we cannot assure you that VEGF Trap-Eye will ever be successfully developed and commercialized, if Bayer HealthCare does not perform its obligations in a timely manner, or at all, our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States will be significantly adversely affected. Bayer HealthCare has the right to terminate its collaboration agreement with us at any time upon six or twelve months advance notice, depending on the circumstances giving rise to termination. If Bayer HealthCare were to terminate its collaboration agreement with us, we would not have the resources or skills to replace those of our partner, which could require us to seek additional funding that might not be available on favorable terms or at all, and could cause significant delays in the development and/or commercialization of VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States and result in substantial additional costs to us. We have limited commercial capabilities and would have to develop or outsource these capabilities outside the United States. Termination of the Bayer HealthCare collaboration agreement would create substantial new and additional risks to the successful development and commercialization of VEGF Trap-Eye.
 
Our collaborators and service providers may fail to perform adequately in their efforts to support the development, manufacture, and commercialization of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and our drug candidates.
 
     We depend upon third-party collaborators, including sanofi-aventis, Bayer HealthCare, and service providers such as clinical research organizations, outside testing laboratories, clinical investigator sites, and third-party manufacturers and product packagers and labelers, to assist us in the manufacture and preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates. If any of our existing collaborators or service providers breaches or terminates its agreement with us or does not perform its development or manufacturing services under an agreement in a timely manner or in compliance with applicable Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs), or Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Standards, we could experience additional costs, delays, and difficulties in the manufacture or development or in obtaining approval by regulatory authorities for our product candidates.
 
     We rely on third party service providers to support the distribution of ARCALYST and many other related activities in connection with the commercialization of ARCALYST for the treatment of CAPS. We cannot be certain that these third parties will perform adequately. If these service providers do not perform their services adequately, our efforts to market and sell ARCALYST for the treatment of CAPS will not be successful.
 
Risks Related to the Manufacture of Our Product Candidates
 
We have limited manufacturing capacity, which could inhibit our ability to successfully develop or commercialize our drugs.
 
     Our manufacturing facility is likely to be inadequate to produce sufficient quantities of product for commercial sale. We intend to rely on our corporate collaborators, as well as contract manufacturers, to produce the large quantities of drug material needed for commercialization of our products. We rely entirely on third-party manufacturers for filling and finishing services. We will have to depend on these manufacturers to deliver material on a timely basis
 
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and to comply with regulatory requirements. If we are unable to supply sufficient material on acceptable terms, or if we should encounter delays or difficulties in our relationships with our corporate collaborators or contract manufacturers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
 
     We must expand our own manufacturing capacity to support the planned growth of our clinical pipeline. Moreover, we may expand our manufacturing capacity to support commercial production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, or API, for our product candidates. This will require substantial additional expenditures, and we will need to hire and train significant numbers of employees and managerial personnel to staff our facility. Start-up costs can be large and scale-up entails significant risks related to process development and manufacturing yields. We may be unable to develop manufacturing facilities that are sufficient to produce drug material for clinical trials or commercial use. This may delay our clinical development plans and interfere with our efforts to commercialize our products. In addition, we may be unable to secure adequate filling and finishing services to support our products. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
 
     We may be unable to obtain key raw materials and supplies for the manufacture of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and our product candidates. In addition, we may face difficulties in developing or acquiring production technology and managerial personnel to manufacture sufficient quantities of our product candidates at reasonable costs and in compliance with applicable quality assurance and environmental regulations and governmental permitting requirements.
 
If any of our clinical programs are discontinued, we may face costs related to the unused capacity at our manufacturing facilities.
 
     We have large-scale manufacturing operations in Rensselaer, New York. We use our facilities to produce bulk product for clinical and preclinical candidates for ourselves and our collaborations. If our clinical candidates are discontinued, we will have to absorb one hundred percent of related overhead costs and inefficiencies.
 
Third-party supply failures, business interruptions, or natural disasters affecting our manufacturing facilities in Rensselaer, New York could adversely affect our ability to supply our products.
 
     We manufacture all of our bulk drug materials for ARCALYST and our product candidates at our manufacturing facilities in Rensselaer, New York. We would be unable to supply our product requirements if we were to cease production due to regulatory requirements or action, business interruptions, labor shortages or disputes, contaminations, fire, natural disasters, or other problems at the facilities.
 
     Certain raw materials necessary for manufacturing and formulation of ARCALYST and our product candidates are provided by single-source unaffiliated third-party suppliers. In addition, we rely on certain third parties to perform filling, finishing, distribution, and other services related to the manufacture of our products. We would be unable to obtain these raw materials or services for an indeterminate period of time if any of these third-parties were to cease or interrupt production or otherwise fail to supply these materials, products, or services to us for any reason, including due to regulatory requirements or action, adverse financial developments at or affecting the supplier, failure by the supplier to comply with GMPs, business interruptions, or labor shortages or disputes. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture or supply ARCALYST or our product candidates for use in clinical trials, which could materially and adversely affect our business and future prospects.
 
     Also, certain of the raw materials required in the manufacturing and the formulation of our clinical candidates may be derived from biological sources, including mammalian tissues, bovine serum, and human serum albumin. There are certain European regulatory restrictions on using these biological source materials. If we are required to substitute for these sources to comply with European regulatory requirements, our clinical development activities may be delayed or interrupted.
 
Risks Related to Commercialization of Products
 
If we are unable to establish sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities, or enter into agreements with third parties to do so, we will be unable to successfully market and sell future products.
 
     We are marketing and selling ARCALYST for the treatment of CAPS ourselves in the United States, primarily through third party service providers. We have no sales or distribution personnel in the United States and have only a small staff with commercial capabilities. We currently have no sales, marketing, commercial, or distribution
 
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capabilities outside the United States. If we are unable to obtain those capabilities, either by developing our own organizations or entering into agreements with service providers, even if our current or future product candidates receive marketing approval, we will not be able to successfully sell those products. In that event, we will not be able to generate significant revenue, even if our product candidates are approved. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to hire the qualified sales and marketing personnel we need or that we will be able to enter into marketing or distribution agreements with third-party providers on acceptable terms, if at all. Under the terms of our collaboration agreement with sanofi-aventis, we will rely on sanofi-aventis for sales, marketing, and distribution of aflibercept in cancer indications, should it be approved in the future by regulatory authorities for marketing. We will have to rely on a third party or devote significant resources to develop our own sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities for our other product candidates, including VEGF Trap-Eye in the United States, and we may be unsuccessful in developing our own sales, marketing, and distribution organization.
 
There may be too few patients with CAPS to profitably commercialize ARCALYST® (rilonacept) in this indication.
 
     Our only approved product is ARCALYST for the treatment of CAPS, a group of rare, inherited auto-inflammatory diseases. These rare diseases affect a very small group of people. The incidence of CAPS has been reported to be approximately 1 in 1,000,000 people in the United States. Although the incidence rate of CAPS in Europe has not been reported, it is known to be a rare set of diseases. In October 2009 we received European marketing authorization for rilonacept for CAPS. In 2009, Novartis received regulatory approval in the U.S. and Europe for its IL-1 antibody product for the treatment of CAPS. Given the very rare nature of the disease and the competition from Novartis’ IL-1 antibody product, we may be unable to profitably commercialize ARCALYST in this indication.
 
Even if our product candidates are approved for marketing, their commercial success is highly uncertain because our competitors have received approval for products with a similar mechanism of action, and competitors may get to the marketplace with better or lower cost drugs.
 
     There is substantial competition in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries from pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical companies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater research, preclinical and clinical product development and manufacturing capabilities, and financial, marketing, and human resources than we do. Our smaller competitors may also enhance their competitive position if they acquire or discover patentable inventions, form collaborative arrangements, or merge with large pharmaceutical companies. Even if we achieve product commercialization, our competitors have achieved, and may continue to achieve, product commercialization before our products are approved for marketing and sale.
 
     Genentech has an approved VEGF antagonist, Avastin, on the market for treating certain cancers and many different pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are working to develop competing VEGF antagonists, including Novartis, Amgen, Imclone/Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline. Many of these molecules are farther along in development than aflibercept and may offer competitive advantages over our molecule. Each of Pfizer and Onyx, (together with its partner Bayer HealthCare) has received approval from the FDA to market and sell an oral medication that targets tumor cell growth and new vasculature formation that fuels the growth of tumors. The marketing approvals for Genentech’s VEGF antagonist, Avastin, and their extensive, ongoing clinical development plan for Avastin in other cancer indications, make it more difficult for us to enroll patients in clinical trials to support aflibercept and to obtain regulatory approval of aflibercept in these cancer settings. This may delay or impair our ability to successfully develop and commercialize aflibercept. In addition, even if aflibercept is ever approved for sale for the treatment of certain cancers, it will be difficult for our drug to compete against Avastin (Genentech) and the FDA approved kinase inhibitors, because doctors and patients will have significant experience using these medicines. In addition, an oral medication may be considerably less expensive for patients than a biologic medication, providing a competitive advantage to companies that market such products.
 
     The market for eye disease products is also very competitive. Novartis and Genentech are collaborating on the commercialization and further development of a VEGF antibody fragment, Lucentis, for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), DME, and other eye indications. Lucentis (Genentech) was approved by the FDA in June 2006 for the treatment of wet AMD. Many other companies are working on the development of product candidates for the potential treatment of wet AMD and DME that act by blocking VEGF and VEGF receptors,
 
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and through the use of small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) that modulate gene expression. In addition, ophthalmologists are using off-label, with success for the treatment of wet AMD, a third-party repackaged version of Genentech’s approved VEGF antagonist, Avastin. The National Eye Institute is conducting a Phase 3 trial comparing Lucentis (Genentech) to Avastin (Genentech) in the treatment of wet AMD. The marketing approval of Lucentis (Genentech) and the potential off-label use of Avastin (Genentech) make it more difficult for us to enroll patients in our clinical trials and successfully develop VEGF Trap-Eye. Even if VEGF Trap-Eye is ever approved for sale for the treatment of eye diseases, it may be difficult for our drug to compete against Lucentis (Genentech), because doctors and patients will have significant experience using this medicine. Moreover, the relatively low cost of therapy with Avastin (Genentech) in patients with wet AMD presents a further competitive challenge in this indication. While we believe that aflibercept would not be well tolerated if administered directly to the eye, if aflibercept is ever approved for the treatment of certain cancers, there is a risk that third parties will attempt to repackage aflibercept for use and sale for the treatment of wet AMD and other diseases of the eye, which would present a potential low-cost competitive threat to the VEGF Trap-Eye if it is ever approved for sale.
 
     The availability of highly effective FDA approved TNF-antagonists such as Enbrel (Amgen and Wyeth), Remicade (Centocor), Humira® (adalimumab), marketed by Abbott, and SimponiTM (golimumab), marketed by Centocor, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist Kineret (Biovitrum), and other marketed therapies makes it more difficult to successfully develop and commercialize rilonacept in other indications. This is one of the reasons we discontinued the development of rilonacept in adult rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, even if rilonacept is ever approved for sale in indications where TNF-antagonists are approved, it will be difficult for our drug to compete against these FDA approved TNF-antagonists because doctors and patients will have significant experience using these effective medicines. Moreover, in such indications these approved therapeutics may offer competitive advantages over rilonacept, such as requiring fewer injections.
 
     There are both small molecules and antibodies in development by other companies that are designed to block the synthesis of interleukin-1 or inhibit the signaling of interleukin-1. For example, Eli Lilly, Xoma, and Novartis are each developing antibodies to interleukin-1 and Amgen is developing an antibody to the interleukin-1 receptor. Novartis received marketing approval for its IL-1 antibody for the treatment of CAPS from the FDA in June 2009 and from the European Medicines Agency in October 2009. Novartis is also developing this IL-1 antibody in gout and other inflammatory diseases. Novartis’ IL-1 antibody and these other drug candidates could offer competitive advantages over ARCALYST. For example, Novartis’ IL-1 antibody is dosed once every eight weeks compared to the once-weekly dosing regimen for ARCALYST. The successful development and/or commercialization of these competing molecules could impair our ability to successfully commercialize ARCALYST.
 
     We have plans to develop rilonacept for the treatment of certain gout indications. In October 2009, Novartis announced positive Phase 2 results showing that canakinumab is more effective than an injectable corticosteroid at reducing pain and preventing recurrent attacks or “flares” in patients with hard-to-treat gout. Novartis’ IL-1 antibody is dosed less frequently for the treatment of CAPS and may be perceived as offering competitive advantages over rilonacept in gout by some physicians, which would make it difficult for us to successfully commercialize rilonacept in that disease.
 
     Currently, inexpensive, oral therapies such as analgesics and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as the standard of care to treat the symptoms of these gout diseases. These established, inexpensive, orally delivered drugs may make it difficult for us to successfully commercialize rilonacept in these diseases.
 
The successful commercialization of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and our product candidates will depend on obtaining coverage and reimbursement for use of these products from third-party payers and these payers may not agree to cover or reimburse for use of our products.
 
     Our product candidates, if commercialized, may be significantly more expensive than traditional drug treatments. For example, we have announced plans to initiate a Phase 3 program studying the use of rilonacept for the treatment of certain gout indications. Patients suffering from these gout indications are currently treated with inexpensive therapies, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These existing treatment options are likely to be considerably less expensive and may be preferable to a biologic medication for some patients. Our future revenues and profitability will be adversely affected if United States and foreign governmental, private third-party insurers and payers, and other third-party payers, including Medicare and Medicaid, do not agree to defray
 
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or reimburse the cost of our products to the patients. If these entities refuse to provide coverage and reimbursement with respect to our products or provide an insufficient level of coverage and reimbursement, our products may be too costly for many patients to afford them, and physicians may not prescribe them. Many third-party payers cover only selected drugs, making drugs that are not preferred by such payers more expensive for patients, and require prior authorization or failure on another type of treatment before covering a particular drug. Payers may especially impose these obstacles to coverage on higher-priced drugs, as our product candidates are likely to be.
 
     We market and sell ARCALYST in the United States for the treatment of a group of rare genetic disorders called CAPS. We recently received European Union marketing authorization for rilonacept for the treatment of CAPS. There may be too few patients with CAPS to profitably commercialize ARCALYST. Physicians may not prescribe ARCALYST, and CAPS patients may not be able to afford ARCALYST, if third party payers do not agree to reimburse the cost of ARCALYST therapy and this would adversely affect our ability to commercialize ARCALYST profitably.
 
     In addition to potential restrictions on coverage, the amount of reimbursement for our products may also reduce our profitability. In the United States, there have been, and we expect will continue to be, actions and proposals to control and reduce healthcare costs. Government and other third-party payers are challenging the prices charged for healthcare products and increasingly limiting, and attempting to limit, both coverage and level of reimbursement for prescription drugs.
 
     Since ARCALYST and our product candidates in clinical development will likely be too expensive for most patients to afford without health insurance coverage, if our products are unable to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement by third-party payers our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates may be adversely impacted. Any limitation on the use of our products or any decrease in the price of our products will have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve profitability.
 
     In certain foreign countries, pricing, coverage, and level of reimbursement of prescription drugs are subject to governmental control, and we may be unable to negotiate coverage, pricing, and reimbursement on terms that are favorable to us. In some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a drug must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing drug pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, the European Union provides options for its member states to restrict the range of medicinal products for which their national health insurance systems provide reimbursement and to control the prices of medicinal products for human use. A member state may approve a specific price for the medicinal product or it may instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the medicinal product on the market. Our results of operations may suffer if we are unable to market our products in foreign countries or if coverage and reimbursement for our products in foreign countries is limited.
 
Risk Related to Employees
 
We are dependent on our key personnel and if we cannot recruit and retain leaders in our research, development, manufacturing, and commercial organizations, our business will be harmed.
 
     We are highly dependent on certain of our executive officers. If we are not able to retain any of these persons or our Chairman, our business may suffer. In particular, we depend on the services of P. Roy Vagelos, M.D., the Chairman of our board of directors, Leonard Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer, George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D., our Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer and President, Regeneron Research Laboratories, and Neil Stahl, Ph.D., our Senior Vice President, Research and Development Sciences. There is intense competition in the biotechnology industry for qualified scientists and managerial personnel in the development, manufacture, and commercialization of drugs. We may not be able to continue to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary for developing our business.
 
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Risks Related to Our Common Stock
 
Our stock price is extremely volatile.
 
     There has been significant volatility in our stock price and generally in the market prices of biotechnology companies’ securities. Various factors and events may have a significant impact on the market price of our Common Stock. These factors include, by way of example:
     The trading price of our Common Stock has been, and could continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations in response to these and other factors, including the sale or attempted sale of a large amount of our Common Stock in the market. Broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.
 
Future sales of our Common Stock by our significant shareholders or us may depress our stock price and impair our ability to raise funds in new share offerings.
 
     A small number of our shareholders beneficially own a substantial amount of our Common Stock. As of December 31, 2009, our four largest shareholders plus Leonard Schleifer, M.D, Ph.D., our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owned 41.6% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the conversion of his Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2009, sanofi-aventis beneficially owned 14,799,552 shares of Common Stock, representing approximately 18.8% of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding. Under our investor agreement, as amended, with sanofi-aventis, sanofi-aventis may not sell these shares until December 20, 2017 except under limited circumstances and subject to earlier termination of these restrictions upon the occurrence of certain events. Notwithstanding these restrictions, if sanofi-aventis, or our other significant shareholders or we, sell substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur exists, the market price of our Common Stock could fall. Sales of Common Stock by our significant shareholders, including sanofi-aventis, also might make it more difficult for us to raise funds by selling equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
 
Our existing shareholders may be able to exert significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval.
 
     Holders of Class A Stock, who are generally the shareholders who purchased their stock from us before our initial public offering, are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. As of December 31, 2009, holders of Class A Stock held 22.2% of the combined voting power of all shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock then outstanding, including any voting power associated with any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Class A Stock holders. These shareholders, if acting together, would be in a position to significantly influence the election of our directors and to effect or prevent certain corporate
 
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transactions that require majority or supermajority approval of the combined classes, including mergers and other business combinations. This may result in us taking corporate actions that you may not consider to be in your best interest and may affect the price of our Common Stock. As of December 31, 2009:
     Pursuant to an investor agreement, as amended, sanofi-aventis has agreed to vote its shares, at sanofi-aventis’ election, either as recommended by our board of directors or proportionally with the votes cast by our other shareholders, except with respect to certain change of control transactions, liquidation or dissolution, stock issuances equal to or exceeding 10% of the then outstanding shares or voting rights of Common Stock and Class A Stock, and new equity compensation plans or amendments if not materially consistent with our historical equity compensation practices.
 
The anti-takeover effects of provisions of our charter, by-laws, and of New York corporate law and the contractual “standstill” provisions in our investor agreement with sanofi-aventis, could deter, delay, or prevent an acquisition or other “change in control” of us and could adversely affect the price of our Common Stock.
 
     Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our by-laws, and the New York Business Corporation Law contain various provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or our management that shareholders may consider favorable or beneficial. Some of these provisions could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other shareholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our Common Stock. These provisions include:
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     Until the later of the fifth anniversaries of the expiration or earlier termination of our antibody collaboration agreements with sanofi-aventis or our aflibercept collaboration with sanofi-aventis, sanofi-aventis will be bound by certain “standstill” provisions, which contractually prohibit sanofi-aventis from acquiring more than certain specified percentages of our Class A Stock and Common Stock (taken together) or otherwise seeking to obtain control of the Company.
 
     In addition, we have a Change in Control Severance Plan and our Chief Executive Officer has an employment agreement that provides severance benefits in the event our officers are terminated as a result of a change in control of the Company. Many of our stock options issued under our Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan may become fully vested in connection with a “change in control” of our company, as defined in the plan.
 
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
     None.
 
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 
     We conduct our research, development, manufacturing, and administrative activities at our owned and leased facilities. Under our main lease in Tarrytown, New York, as amended, we lease 537,100 square feet of laboratory and office facilities, including approximately 406,200 square feet of space that we currently occupy and approximately 130,900 square feet of additional new space that is under construction and expected to be completed in mid-2011. The term of the lease will expire in June 2024. The lease contains three renewal options to extend the term of the lease by five years each and early termination options on approximately 290,400 square feet of space. The lease provides for monthly payments over its term and additional charges for utilities, taxes, and operating expenses. Monthly lease payments on the new space that is under construction will commence in January 2011 and additional charges for utilities, taxes and operating expenses commenced in January 2010.
 
     In December 2009, we leased, on a short-term basis, approximately 16,700 square feet of laboratory and office space at our current Tarrytown location while construction is completed on our additional new facilities, as described above. We expect to lease this space through May 2011. We also entered into a separate agreement in December 2009 to lease approximately 6,600 additional square feet of laboratory and office space at our current Tarrytown location in facilities that are now under construction and expected to be completed in mid-2010. The term of this lease will expire in August 2011 after which time we have the option to include this space in our main Tarrytown lease, as described above. Monthly lease payments on this additional space that is under construction are expected to commence in June 2010.
 
     In October 2008, we entered into an operating sublease for approximately 14,100 square feet of office space in Bridgewater, New Jersey. The term of the lease expires in July 2011.
 
     We own facilities in Rensselaer, New York, consisting of three buildings totaling approximately 395,500 square feet of research, manufacturing, office, and warehouse space.
 
     The following table summarizes the information regarding our current real property leases:
 
Current Monthly
Square Base Rental Renewal Option
Location         Footage         Expiration         Charges(1)         Available
Tarrytown, New York(2) 389,500 June, 2024 $ 1,115,000 Three 5-year terms
Tarrytown, New York(3) 130,900 June, 2024 Three 5-year terms
Tarrytown, New York(2) 16,700 May, 2011 $ 7,900 None
Tarrytown, New York(4) 6,600 August, 2011 Incorporate into main
Tarrytown lease
Bridgewater, New Jersey(5) 14,100 July 2011 $ 21,700 None
____________________
 
(1)
Excludes additional charges for utilities, real estate taxes, and operating expenses, as defined, included in our rent.
     
(2)
Represents space currently occupied in Tarrytown, New York as described above.
 
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(3)
Represents space currently under construction. Rental payments will commence in January 2011.
 
(4)
Represents space currently under construction. Rental payments will commence in June 2010.
     
(5)
Relates to sublease in Bridgewater, New Jersey as described above.
 
     We believe that our existing owned and leased facilities are adequate for ongoing research, development, manufacturing, and administrative activities. In the future, we may lease, operate, or purchase additional facilities in which to conduct expanded research and development activities and manufacturing and commercial operations.
 
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
     From time to time, we are a party to legal proceedings in the course of our business. We do not expect any such current legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.
 
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
     No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the last quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
 
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PART II
 
ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

     Our Common Stock is quoted on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “REGN.” Our Class A Stock, par value $.001 per share, is not publicly quoted or traded.
 
     The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sales prices for the Common Stock as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market:
 
        High         Low
2008
       First Quarter $ 25.25 $ 15.61
       Second Quarter 21.68 13.75
       Third Quarter 24.00 13.29
       Fourth Quarter 22.82 12.62
 
2009
       First Quarter $ 20.08 $ 11.81
       Second Quarter 18.42 12.11
       Third Quarter 23.49 16.05
       Fourth Quarter 24.97 15.02

     As of February 12, 2010, there were 462 shareholders of record of our Common Stock and 39 shareholders of record of our Class A Stock.
 
     We have never paid cash dividends and do not anticipate paying any in the foreseeable future.
 
     The information under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC is incorporated by reference into Item 12 of this Report on Form 10-K.
 
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STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
 
     Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total shareholder return on Regeneron’s Common Stock with the cumulative total return of (i) The Nasdaq Pharmaceuticals Stocks Index and (ii) The Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) Index for the period from December 31, 2004 through December 31, 2009. The comparison assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2004 in our Common Stock and in each of the foregoing indices. All values assume reinvestment of the pre-tax value of dividends paid by companies included in these indices. The historical stock price performance of our Common Stock shown in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
 
 
        12/31/2004         12/31/2005         12/31/2006         12/31/2007         12/31/2008         12/31/2009
Regeneron $ 100.00 $ 172.64 $ 217.92 $ 262.21 $ 199.35 $ 262.54
Nasdaq Pharm 100.00 110.12 107.79 113.36 105.48 118.52
Nasdaq US 100.00 102.13 112.19 121.68 62.73 84.28

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
     The selected financial data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 and at December 31, 2009 and 2008 are derived from and should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this report. The selected financial data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 and at December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 are derived from our audited financial statements not included in this report.
 
Year Ended December 31,
        2009         2008         2007         2006         2005
Revised* Revised*
(In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data
Revenues
       Collaboration revenue $ 314,457 $ 185,138 $ 87,648 $ 47,763 $ 49,372
       Technology licensing 40,013 40,000 28,421
       Contract manufacturing 12,311 13,746
       Net product sales 18,364 6,249
       Contract research and other 6,434 7,070 8,955 3,373 3,075
379,268 238,457 125,024 63,447 66,193
Expenses
       Research and development 398,762 274,903 202,468 137,064 155,581
       Contract manufacturing 8,146 9,557
       Selling, general, and administrative 52,923 48,880 37,929 25,892 25,476
       Cost of goods sold 1,686 923
453,371 324,706 240,397 171,102 190,614
Income (loss) from operations (74,103 ) (86,249 ) (115,373 ) (107,655 ) (124,421 )
 
Other income (expense)
       Other contract income 30,640
       Investment income 4,488 18,161 20,897 16,548 10,381
       Interest expense (2,337 ) (7,752 ) (12,043 ) (12,043 ) (12,046 )
       Loss on early extinguishment of debt (938 )
  2,151 9,471 8,854 4,505 28,975
Net loss before income tax expense and cumulative effect
       of a change in accounting principle (71,952 ) (76,778 ) (106,519 ) (103,150 ) (95,446 )
Income tax (benefit) expense (4,122 ) 2,351
Net loss before cumulative effect of a
       change in accounting principle (67,830 ) (79,129 ) (106,519 ) (103,150 ) (95,446 )
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
       related to share-based payments 813
Net loss $ (67,830 ) $ (79,129 ) $ (106,519 ) $ (102,337 ) $ (95,446 )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted:
        Net loss before cumulative effect of
              a change in accounting principle $ (0.85 ) $ (1.00 ) $ (1.61 ) $ (1.78 ) $ (1.71 )
       Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle                                        
              related to share-based payments 0.01
       Net loss $ (0.85 ) $ (1.00 ) $ (1.61 ) $ (1.77 ) $ (1.71 )

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At December 31,
        2009         2008         2007         2006         2005
Revised* Revised*
(In thousands)
Balance Sheet Data
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable
       securities (current and non-current) $ 390,010 $ 527,461 $ 846,279 $ 522,859 $ 316,654
Total assets 741,202 724,220 957,881 585,090 423,501
Notes payable - current portion 200,000
Notes payable - long-term portion 200,000 200,000
Facility lease obligations 109,022 54,182 21,623
Stockholders’ equity 396,762 421,514 459,348 216,624 114,002
____________________
 
*      
We have revised our financial statements at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 in connection with the application of authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to our December 2006 lease, as amended, of laboratory and office facilities in Tarrytown, New York. The revisions, and a description of the basis for the revisions, are more fully described in Note 11 to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview
 
     We are a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and commercializes pharmaceutical products for the treatment of serious medical conditions. We currently have one marketed product: ARCALYST® (rilonacept) Injection for Subcutaneous Use, which is available for prescription in the United States for the treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), including Familial Cold Auto-inflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS) in adults and children 12 and older. We also have eight product candidates in clinical development, including three product candidates that are in late-stage (Phase 3) clinical development. Our late stage programs are rilonacept, which is being developed for the prevention and treatment of gout-related flares; VEGF Trap-Eye, which is being developed in eye diseases using intraocular delivery in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare; and aflibercept (VEGF Trap), which is being developed in oncology in collaboration with sanofi-aventis. Our earlier stage clinical programs are REGN475, an antibody to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which is being developed for the treatment of pain; REGN88, an antibody to the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), which is being developed in rheumatoid arthritis; REGN421, an antibody to Delta-like ligand-4 (Dll4), which is being developed in oncology; REGN727, an antibody to PCSK9, which is being developed for LDL cholesterol reduction; and REGN668, an antibody to the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is being developed for certain allergic and immune conditions. All five of our early stage clinical programs are fully human antibodies that are being developed in collaboration with sanofi-aventis. Our preclinical research programs are in the areas of oncology and angiogenesis, ophthalmology, metabolic and related diseases, muscle diseases and disorders, inflammation and immune diseases, bone and cartilage, pain, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases.
 
     Developing and commercializing new medicines entails significant risk and expense. Since inception we have not generated any significant sales or profits from the commercialization of ARCALYST or any of our other product candidates. Before significant revenues from the commercialization of ARCALYST or our other product candidates can be realized, we (or our collaborators) must overcome a number of hurdles which include successfully completing research and development and obtaining regulatory approval from the FDA and regulatory authorities in other countries. In addition, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are rapidly evolving and highly competitive, and new developments may render our products and technologies uncompetitive or obsolete.
 
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     From inception on January 8, 1988 through December 31, 2009, we had a cumulative loss of $941.1 million. In the absence of significant revenues from the commercialization of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) or our other product candidates or other sources, the amount, timing, nature, and source of which cannot be predicted, our losses will continue as we conduct our research and development activities. We expect to incur substantial losses over the next several years as we continue the clinical development of VEGF Trap-Eye and rilonacept in other indications; advance new product candidates into clinical development from our existing research programs utilizing our technology for discovering fully human monoclonal antibodies; continue our research and development programs; and commercialize additional product candidates that receive regulatory approval, if any. Also, our activities may expand over time and require additional resources, and we expect our operating losses to be substantial over at least the next several years. Our losses may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and will depend on, among other factors, the progress of our research and development efforts, the timing of certain expenses, and the amount and timing of payments that we receive from collaborators.
 
     As a company that does not expect to be profitable over the next several years, management of cash flow is extremely important. The most significant use of our cash is for research and development activities, which include drug discovery, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and the manufacture of drug supplies for preclinical studies and clinical trials. We are reimbursed for some of these research and development activities by our collaborators. Our principal sources of cash to-date have been from (i) sales of common equity, both in public offerings and to our collaborators, including sanofi-aventis, (ii) funding from our collaborators and licensees in the form of up-front and milestone payments, research progress payments, and payments for our research and development activities, and (iii) a private placement of convertible debt, which was repaid in full during 2008.
 
     In 2009, our research and development expenses totaled $398.8 million. In 2010, we expect these expenses to increase substantially as we continue to expand our research and preclinical and clinical development activities, primarily in connection with our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
     A primary driver of our expenses is our number of full-time employees. Our annual average headcount in 2009 was 980 compared with 810 in 2008 and 627 in 2007. In 2009 and 2008 our average headcount increased primarily to support our expanded research and development activities in connection with our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis. In 2007 our average headcount increased primarily to support our expanded development programs for VEGF Trap-Eye and rilonacept and our plans to move our first antibody candidate into clinical trials. In 2010, we expect our average headcount to increase to approximately 1,350-1,400, primarily to support the further expansion of our research, development, and marketing activities as described above, especially in connection with our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
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     The planning, execution, and results of our clinical programs are significant factors that can affect our operating and financial results. In our clinical programs, key events in 2009 and 2010 to date were, and plans for the remainder of 2010 are, as follows:
 
Clinical Program         2009 and 2010 Events to Date         2010 Plans
Rilonacept
       (also known as
       IL-1 Trap)
 
  • Initiated patient enrollment in two Phase 3 trials (PRE-SURGE 1 and PRE-SURGE 2) evaluating rilonacept in the prevention of gout flares associated with the initiation of urate-lowering drug therapy; completed patient enrollment in the PRE-SURGE 1 study
  • Initiated and completed patient enrollment in a Phase 3 study (SURGE) evaluating rilonacept in the treatment of acute gout flares
  • Report data from SURGE and PRE-SURGE 1 during the first half of 2010
  • Complete patient enrollment of the remaining Phase 3 studies in gout
VEGF Trap-Eye
       (intravitreal
       injection)
 
  • Completed patient enrollment in the Phase 3 wet AMD program (VIEW 1 and VIEW 2)
  • Initiated a Phase 3 CRVO program
  • Reported results from the Phase 2 DME trial
  • Report data from VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 trials in the fourth quarter of 2010
  • Complete patient enrollment of the Phase 3 CRVO trials
Aflibercept
(VEGF Trap –
       Oncology)
 
  • Completed patient enrollment in the Phase 3 studies in non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer
  • Initiated a Phase 2 1st line study in metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy
  • Reported results of a Phase 2 single-agent study in symptomatic malignant ascites (SMA)
  • Discontinued a Phase 3 study in metastatic pancreatic cancer in combination with chemotherapy
  • Complete patient enrollment in the Phase 3 study in colorectal cancer
  • During the second half of 2010, an Independent Data Monitoring Committee is expected to conduct an interim analysis of the Phase 3 study in colorectal cancer
Monoclonal
       
Antibodies
 
  • REGN475: Initiated a Phase 1 trial in healthy volunteers, a dose-ranging, proof-of-concept study in osteoarthritis of the knee, and additional proof-of-concept studies in pain associated with sciatica, vertebral fracture, chronic pancreatitis, and thermal injury
  • REGN88: Initiated a Phase 2/3 dose-ranging study in rheumatoid arthritis and a Phase 2 dose-ranging study in ankylosing spondylitis
  • REGN421: Initiated a Phase 1 trial in oncology
  • REGN727: Initiated a Phase 1 program in healthy volunteers
  • REGN668: Initiated a Phase 1 program in healthy volunteers
  • REGN475: Report data from the study in osteoarthritis of the knee during the first half of 2010 and from the study in sciatica during the second half of 2010
  • REGN727: Report proof-of-concept data from the Phase 1 program and initiate a Phase 2 program for LDL cholesterol reduction
  • REGN668: Initiate a Phase 2 program in the treatment of a chronic allergic condition
  • REGN88: Report data from a Phase 1 trial in rheumatoid arthritis
  • Advance additional antibody candidate(s) into clinical development

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Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
 
     A summary of the significant accounting policies that impact us is provided in Note 2 to our Financial Statements, beginning on page F-7. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures in the financial statements. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:
     Management believes the current assumptions used to estimate amounts reflected in our financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in estimating amounts reflected in our financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, and in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition. The critical accounting estimates that impact our financial statements are described below.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Collaboration Revenue
 
     We earn collaboration revenue in connection with collaboration agreements to develop and commercialize product candidates and utilize our technology platforms. We currently have collaboration agreements with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. The terms of collaboration agreements typically include non-refundable up-front licensing payments, research progress (milestone) payments, and payments for development activities. Non-refundable up-front license payments, where continuing involvement is required of us, are deferred and recognized over the related performance period. We estimate our performance period based on the specific terms of each agreement, and adjust the performance periods, if appropriate, based on the applicable facts and circumstances. Payments which are based on achieving a specific substantive performance milestone, involving a degree of risk, are recognized as revenue when the milestone is achieved and the related payment is due and non-refundable, provided there is no future service obligation associated with that milestone. Substantive performance milestones typically consist of significant achievements in the development life-cycle of the related product candidate, such as completion of clinical trials, filing for approval with regulatory agencies, and approvals by regulatory agencies. In determining whether a payment is deemed to be a substantive performance milestone, we take into consideration (i) the nature, timing, and value of significant achievements in the development life-cycle of the related development product candidate, (ii) the relative level of effort required to achieve the milestone, and (iii) the relative level of risk in achieving the milestone, taking into account the high degree of uncertainty in successfully advancing product candidates in a drug development program and in ultimately attaining an approved drug product. Payments for achieving milestones which are not considered substantive are accounted for as license payments and recognized over the related performance period.
 
     We enter into collaboration agreements that include varying arrangements regarding which parties perform and bear the costs of research and development activities. We may share the costs of research and development activities with our collaborator, such as in our VEGF Trap-Eye collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, or we may be reimbursed for all or a significant portion of the costs of our research and development activities, such as in our aflibercept and antibody collaborations with sanofi-aventis. We record our internal and third-party development costs associated with these collaborations as research and development expenses. When we are entitled to reimbursement of all or a portion of the research and development expenses that we incur under a collaboration, we record those reimbursable amounts as collaboration revenue proportionately as we recognize our expenses. If the collaboration is a cost-sharing arrangement in which both we and our collaborator perform development work and share costs, in periods when our collaborator incurs development expenses that benefit the collaboration and Regeneron, we also recognize, as additional research and development expense, the portion of the collaborator’s development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse.
 
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     In connection with non-refundable licensing payments, our performance period estimates are principally based on projections of the scope, progress, and results of our research and development activities. Due to the variability in the scope of activities and length of time necessary to develop a drug product, changes to development plans as programs progress, and uncertainty in the ultimate requirements to obtain governmental approval for commercialization, revisions to performance period estimates are likely to occur periodically, and could result in material changes to the amount of revenue recognized each year in the future. In addition, our estimated performance periods may change if development programs encounter delays or we and our collaborators decide to expand or contract our clinical plans for a drug candidate in various disease indications. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we extended our estimated performance period in connection with the up-front and non-substantive milestone payments previously received from Bayer HealthCare pursuant to the companies’ VEGF Trap-Eye collaboration and shortened our estimated performance period in connection with up-front payments from sanofi-aventis pursuant to the companies’ aflibercept collaboration. The net effect of these changes in our estimates resulted in the recognition of $0.4 million less in collaboration revenue in the fourth quarter of 2008, compared to amounts recognized in connection with these deferred payments in each of the prior three quarters of 2008. In addition, in connection with amendments to expand and extend our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis, during the fourth quarter of 2009, we extended our estimated performance period related to the up-front payment previously received from sanofi-aventis pursuant to the companies’ antibody collaboration. The effect of this change in estimate resulted in the recognition of $0.6 million less in collaboration revenue in the fourth quarter of 2009, compared to amounts recognized in each of the prior three quarters of 2009. Also, if a collaborator terminates an agreement in accordance with the terms of the agreement, we would recognize any unamortized remainder of an up-front or previously deferred payment at the time of the termination.
 
Product Revenue
 
     In March 2008, ARCALYST® (rilonacept) became available for prescription in the United States for the treatment of CAPS. Revenue from product sales is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title to product and associated risk of loss has passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, collection from the customer is reasonably assured, and we have no further performance obligations. Revenue and deferred revenue from product sales are recorded net of applicable provisions for prompt pay discounts, product returns, estimated rebates payable under governmental programs (including Medicaid), distributor fees, and other sales-related costs. Since we have limited historical return and rebate experience for ARCALYST, product sales revenues are deferred until (i) the right of return no longer exists or we can reasonably estimate returns and (ii) rebates have been processed or we can reasonably estimate rebates. We review our estimates of rebates payable each period and record any necessary adjustments in the current period’s net product sales.
 
Clinical Trial Expenses
 
     Clinical trial costs are a significant component of research and development expenses and include costs associated with third-party contractors. We outsource a substantial portion of our clinical trial activities, utilizing external entities such as contract research organizations, independent clinical investigators, and other third-party service providers to assist us with the execution of our clinical studies. For each clinical trial that we conduct, certain clinical trial costs are expensed immediately, while others are expensed over time based on the expected total number of patients in the trial, the rate at which patients enter the trial, and the period over which clinical investigators or contract research organizations are expected to provide services.
 
     Clinical activities which relate principally to clinical sites and other administrative functions to manage our clinical trials are performed primarily by contract research organizations (CROs). CROs typically perform most of the start-up activities for our trials, including document preparation, site identification, screening and preparation, pre-study visits, training, and program management. On a budgeted basis, these start-up costs are typically 10% to 20% of the total contract value. On an actual basis, this percentage range can be significantly wider, as many of our contracts with CROs are either expanded or reduced in scope compared to the original budget, while start-up costs for the particular trial may not change materially. These start-up costs usually occur within a few months after the contract has been executed and are event driven in nature. The remaining activities and related costs, such as patient monitoring and administration, generally occur ratably throughout the life of the individual contract or study. In the event of early termination of a clinical trial, we accrue and recognize expenses in an amount based on our estimate of the remaining non-cancelable obligations associated with the winding down of the clinical trial and/or penalties.
 
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     For clinical study sites, where payments are made periodically on a per-patient basis to the institutions performing the clinical study, we accrue expense on an estimated cost-per-patient basis, based on subject enrollment and activity in each quarter. The amount of clinical study expense recognized in a quarter may vary from period to period based on the duration and progress of the study, the activities to be performed by the sites each quarter, the required level of patient enrollment, the rate at which patients actually enroll in and drop-out of the clinical study, and the number of sites involved in the study. Clinical trials that bear the greatest risk of change in estimates are typically those that have a significant number of sites, require a large number of patients, have complex patient screening requirements, and span multiple years. During the course of a trial, we adjust our rate of clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from our estimates. Our estimates and assumptions for clinical expense recognition could differ significantly from our actual results, which could cause material increases or decreases in research and development expenses in future periods when the actual results become known. No material adjustments to our past clinical trial accrual estimates were made during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, or 2007.
 
Stock-based Employee Compensation
 
     We recognize stock-based compensation expense for grants of stock option awards and restricted stock to employees and non-employee members of our board of directors under our long-term incentive plans based on the grant-date fair value of those awards. The grant-date fair value of an award is generally recognized as compensation expense over the award’s requisite service period.
 
     We use the Black-Scholes model to compute the estimated fair value of stock option awards. Using this model, fair value is calculated based on assumptions with respect to (i) expected volatility of our Common Stock price, (ii) the periods of time over which employees and members of our board of directors are expected to hold their options prior to exercise (expected lives), (iii) expected dividend yield on our Common Stock, and (iv) risk-free interest rates, which are based on quoted U.S. Treasury rates for securities with maturities approximating the options’ expected lives. Expected volatility has been estimated based on actual movements in our stock price over the most recent historical periods equivalent to the options’ expected lives. Expected lives are principally based on our historical exercise experience with previously issued employee and board of directors option grants. The expected dividend yield is zero as we have never paid dividends and do not currently anticipate paying any in the foreseeable future. Stock-based compensation expense also includes an estimate, which is made at the time of grant, of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. This estimate is revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
 
     The assumptions used in computing the fair value of option awards reflect our best estimates but involve uncertainties related to market and other conditions, many of which are outside of our control. Changes in any of these assumptions may materially affect the fair value of stock options granted and the amount of stock-based compensation recognized in future periods.
 
     In addition, we have granted performance-based stock option awards which vest based upon the optionee satisfying certain performance and service conditions as defined in the agreements. Potential compensation cost, measured on the grant date, related to these performance options will be recognized only if, and when, we estimate that these options will vest, which is based on whether we consider the options’ performance conditions to be probable of attainment. Our estimates of the number of performance-based options that will vest will be revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods. Changes in these estimates may materially affect the amount of stock-based compensation that we recognize in future periods related to performance-based options.
 
Marketable Securities
 
     We have invested our excess cash primarily in direct obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, other debt securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, and money market funds that invest in U.S. Government securities and, to a lesser extent, investment grade debt securities issued by corporations, bank deposits, and asset-backed securities. We consider our marketable securities to be “available-for-sale,” as defined by authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). These assets are carried at fair value and the unrealized gains and losses are included in other accumulated comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. If the decline in the value of a marketable security in our investment portfolio is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we write down the security to its current fair value and recognize a loss that may be charged against income.
 
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     On a quarterly basis, we review our portfolio of marketable securities, using both quantitative and qualitative factors, to determine if declines in fair value below cost are other-than-temporary. Such factors include the length of time and the extent to which market value has been less than cost, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, recommendations of investment advisors, and forecasts of economic, market, or industry trends. With respect to debt securities, this review process also includes an evaluation of our intent to sell an individual debt security or our need to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery or maturity. With respect to equity securities, this review process includes an evaluation of our ability and intent to hold the securities until their full value can be recovered. This review is subjective and requires a high degree of judgment.
 
     As a result of our quarterly reviews of our marketable securities portfolio, during 2009, 2008, and 2007 we recorded charges for other-than-temporary impairment of our marketable securities totaling $0.1 million, $2.5 million, and $5.9 million, respectively. The current economic environment and the deterioration in the credit quality of issuers of securities that we hold increase the risk of potential declines in the current market value of marketable securities in our investment portfolio. Such declines could result in charges against income in future periods for other-than-temporary impairments and the amounts could be material.
 
Depreciation of Property, Plant, and Equipment
 
     Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In some situations, the life of the asset may be extended or shortened if circumstances arise that would lead us to believe that the estimated life of the asset has changed. The life of leasehold improvements may change based on the extension of lease contracts with our landlords. Changes in the estimated lives of assets will result in an increase or decrease in the amount of depreciation recognized in future periods.
 
Results of Operations
 
Years Ended December 31, 2009 and 2008
 
Net Loss
 
     Regeneron reported a net loss of $67.8 million, or $0.85 per share (basic and diluted), for the year ended December 31, 2009, compared to a net loss of $79.1 million, or $1.00 per share (basic and diluted) for 2008. The decrease in our net loss in 2009 was principally due to higher collaboration revenue in connection with our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis, receipt of a $20.0 million substantive performance milestone payment in connection with our VEGF Trap-Eye collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, and higher ARCALYST® (rilonacept) sales, partially offset by higher research and development expenses, as detailed below.
 
Revenues
 
     Revenues in 2009 and 2008 consist of the following:
 
(In millions) 2009 2008
Collaboration revenue      
       Sanofi-aventis $ 247.2 $ 154.0
       Bayer HealthCare 67.3 31.2
              Total collaboration revenue 314.5   185.2
Technology licensing revenue 40.0 40.0
Net product sales 18.4 6.3
Contract research and other revenue 6.4 7.0
              Total revenue $ 379.3 $ 238.5
 
Sanofi-aventis Collaboration Revenue
 
     The collaboration revenue we earn from sanofi-aventis, as detailed below, consists primarily of reimbursement for research and development expenses and recognition of revenue related to non-refundable up-front payments of $105.0 million related to the aflibercept collaboration and $85.0 million related to the antibody collaboration.
 
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Years ended
December 31,
Sanofi-aventis Collaboration Revenue   2009       2008
(In millions)
Aflibercept:
       Regeneron expense reimbursement $ 26.6 $ 35.6
       Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front payments 9.9 8.8
              Total aflibercept 36.5 44.4
Antibody:    
       Regeneron expense reimbursement 198.1 97.9
       Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front payment 9.9   10.5
       Recognition of revenue related to VelociGene® agreement   2.7 1.2
              Total antibody 210.7 109.6
Total sanofi-aventis collaboration revenue $ 247.2 $ 154.0
 
     Sanofi-aventis’ reimbursement of our aflibercept expenses decreased in 2009 compared to 2008, primarily due to lower costs related to internal research activities and manufacturing aflibercept clinical supplies. Recognition of deferred revenue related to sanofi-aventis’ up-front aflibercept payments increased in 2009 compared to 2008 due to shortening the estimated performance period over which this deferred revenue is being recognized, effective in the fourth quarter of 2008. As of December 31, 2009, $42.5 million of the original $105.0 million of up-front payments related to aflibercept was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
     In 2009, sanofi-aventis’ reimbursement of our antibody expenses consisted of $99.8 million under the discovery agreement and $98.3 million of development costs under the license agreement, compared to $72.2 million and $25.7 million, respectively, in 2008. The higher reimbursement amounts in 2009 compared to 2008 were due to an increase in our research activities conducted under the discovery agreement and increases in our development activities for antibody candidates under the license agreement. Recognition of deferred revenue related to sanofi-aventis’ $85.0 million up-front payment decreased in 2009 compared to 2008 due to the November 2009 amendments to expand and extend the companies’ antibody collaboration. As of December 31, 2009, $63.7 million of the original $85.0 million up-front payment was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
     In August 2008, we entered into a separate VelociGene agreement with sanofi-aventis. In 2009 and 2008, we recognized $2.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in revenue related to this agreement.
 
Bayer HealthCare Collaboration Revenue
 
     The collaboration revenue we earn from Bayer HealthCare, as detailed below, consists of cost sharing of Regeneron VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses, substantive performance milestone payments, and recognition of revenue related to a non-refundable $75.0 million up-front payment and a $20.0 million milestone payment received in August 2007 (which, for the purpose of revenue recognition, was not considered substantive).
 
Years ended
December 31,
Bayer HealthCare Collaboration Revenue   2009       2008
(In millions)
Cost-sharing of Regeneron VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses $ 37.4   $ 18.8
Substantive performance milestone payment   20.0  
Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front and other milestone payments 9.9 12.4
       Total Bayer HealthCare collaboration revenue $ 67.3 $ 31.2
  
     Cost-sharing of our VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses with Bayer HealthCare increased in 2009 compared to 2008. Under the terms of the collaboration, in 2009, all agreed-upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses incurred by Regeneron and Bayer HealthCare under a global development plan were shared equally. In 2008, the first $70.0 million of agreed-upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses were shared equally, and we were solely responsible for up to the next $30.0 million. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we were solely responsible for most of the collaboration’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses, which reduced the amount of cost-sharing revenue we earned from Bayer HealthCare in 2008. In addition, cost-sharing revenue increased in 2009, compared to 2008, due
 
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to higher clinical development costs in connection with our VIEW 1 trial in wet AMD, Phase 2 trial in DME, and Phase 3 trial in CRVO. In July 2009, we received a $20.0 million substantive performance milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare in connection with the dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 trial of VEGF Trap-Eye in CRVO, which was recognized as collaboration revenue. Recognition of deferred revenue related to the up-front and August 2007 milestone payments from Bayer HealthCare decreased in 2009 from 2008 due to an extension of the estimated performance period over which this deferred revenue is being recognized, effective in the fourth quarter of 2008. As of December 31, 2009, $56.8 million of these up-front licensing and milestone payments was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
Technology Licensing Revenue
 
     In connection with our VelocImmune® license agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas, each of the $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments are deferred upon receipt and recognized as revenue ratably over approximately the ensuing year of each agreement. In both 2009 and 2008, we recognized $40.0 million of technology licensing revenue related to these agreements.
 
Net Product Sales
 
     In 2009 and 2008, we recognized as revenue $18.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively, of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) net product sales for which both the right of return no longer exists and rebates can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2009, deferred revenue related to ARCALYST net product sales totaled $4.8 million.
 
Contract Research and Other Revenue
 
     Contract research and other revenue in 2009 and 2008 included $5.5 million and $4.9 million, respectively, recognized in connection with our five-year grant from the NIH, which we were awarded in September 2006 as part of the NIH’s Knockout Mouse Project.
 
Expenses
 
     Total operating expenses increased to $453.4 million in 2009 from $324.7 million in 2008. Our average headcount in 2009 increased to 980 from 810 in 2008 principally as a result of our expanding research and development activities, which are primarily attributable to our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
     Operating expenses in 2009 and 2008 include a total of $31.3 million and $32.5 million, respectively, of non-cash compensation expense related to employee stock option and restricted stock awards (Non-cash Compensation Expense), as detailed below:
 
For the year ended December 31, 2009
Expenses before
inclusion of Non-cash Non-cash
Compensation Compensation Expenses as
Expenses   Expense       Expense       Reported
(In millions)                              
Research and development   $380.0   $18.8   $398.8
Selling, general, and administrative   40.4   12.5   52.9
Cost of goods sold 1.7   1.7
       Total operating expenses   $422.1   $31.3   $453.4
  
For the year ended December 31, 2008
Expenses before
inclusion of Non-cash Non-cash
Compensation Compensation Expenses as
Expenses   Expense Expense Reported
(In millions)
Research and development   $255.9   $19.0   $274.9
Selling, general, and administrative 35.4     13.5 48.9
Cost of goods sold   0.9   0.9
       Total operating expenses   $292.2   $32.5   $324.7
 
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     The decrease in total Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2009 was primarily attributable to the lower fair market value of our Common Stock on the date of our annual employee option grants made in December 2008 as compared to the fair market value of annual employee option grants made in recent years prior to 2008.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
     Research and development expenses increased to $398.4 million in 2009 from $274.9 million in 2008. The following table summarizes the major categories of our research and development expenses in 2009 and 2008:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
Research and Development Expenses   2009       2008       Increase
(In millions)
Payroll and benefits(1) $ 99.9 $ 81.7 $ 18.2
Clinical trial expenses 111.6 49.3 62.3
Clinical manufacturing costs(2)   66.7     53.8     12.9
Research and preclinical development costs 42.3 29.6 12.7
Occupancy and other operating costs 40.6 30.5 10.1
Cost-sharing of Bayer HealthCare VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses(3) 37.7 30.0 7.7
       Total research and development $ 398.8   $ 274.9 $ 123.9
____________________ 

(1) Includes $16.2 million and $16.7 million of Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
(2) Represents the full cost of manufacturing drug for use in research, preclinical development, and clinical trials, including related payroll and benefits, Non-cash Compensation Expense, manufacturing materials and supplies, depreciation, and occupancy costs of our Rensselaer manufacturing facility. Includes $2.6 million and $2.3 million of Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
(3)       Under our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, in periods when Bayer HealthCare incurs VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses, we also recognize, as additional research and development expense, the portion of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse. Bayer HealthCare provides us with estimated VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses for the most recent fiscal quarter. Bayer HealthCare’s estimate is reconciled to its actual expenses for such quarter in the subsequent fiscal quarter and our portion of its VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse is adjusted accordingly.
 
     Payroll and benefits increased principally due to the increase in employee headcount, as described above. Clinical trial expenses increased due primarily to higher costs related to our clinical development programs for (i) VEGF Trap-Eye, including our VIEW 1 trial in wet AMD, DA VINCI trial in DME, and COPERNICUS trial in CRVO, (ii) rilonacept, related to our Phase 3 clinical development program in gout, and (iii) monoclonal antibody candidates, which are in earlier stage clinical development. Clinical manufacturing costs increased due to higher costs related to manufacturing clinical supplies of rilonacept and monoclonal antibodies, partially offset by lower costs related to manufacturing aflibercept clinical supplies. Research and preclinical development costs increased primarily due to higher costs associated with our antibody programs. Occupancy and other operating costs increased principally in connection with our higher headcount, expanded research and development activities, and new and expanded leased laboratory and office facilities in Tarrytown, New York. Cost-sharing of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses increased primarily due to higher costs in connection with the VIEW 2 trial in wet AMD and the GALILEO trial in CRVO, both of which are being conducted by Bayer HealthCare.
 
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     We prepare estimates of research and development costs for projects in clinical development, which include direct costs and allocations of certain costs such as indirect labor, Non-cash Compensation Expense, and manufacturing and other costs related to activities that benefit multiple projects, and, under our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, the portion of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse. Our estimates of research and development costs for clinical development programs are shown below:
 
Year ended
December 31,
  Increase
Project Costs   2009       2008       (Decrease)
(In millions)
Rilonacept $ 67.7 $ 39.2 $ 28.5
VEGF Trap-Eye 109.8 82.7 27.1
Aflibercept   23.3 32.1 (8.8 )
REGN88 36.9     21.4   15.5
Other antibody candidates in clinical development 74.4 27.4 47.0
Other research programs & unallocated costs 86.7 72.1     14.6
       Total research and development expenses $ 398.8   $ 274.9   $ 123.9
 
     Drug development and approval in the United States is a multi-step process regulated by the FDA. The process begins with discovery and preclinical evaluation, leading up to the submission of an IND to the FDA which, if successful, allows the opportunity for study in humans, or clinical study, of the potential new drug. Clinical development typically involves three phases of study: Phases 1, 2, and 3. The most significant costs in clinical development are in Phase 3 clinical trials, as they tend to be the longest and largest studies in the drug development process. Following successful completion of Phase 3 clinical trials for a biological product, a biologics license application (or BLA) must be submitted to, and accepted by, the FDA, and the FDA must approve the BLA prior to commercialization of the drug. It is not uncommon for the FDA to request additional data following its review of a BLA, which can significantly increase the drug development timeline and expenses. We may elect either on our own, or at the request of the FDA, to conduct further studies that are referred to as Phase 3B and 4 studies. Phase 3B studies are initiated and either completed or substantially completed while the BLA is under FDA review. These studies are conducted under an IND. Phase 4 studies, also referred to as post-marketing studies, are studies that are initiated and conducted after the FDA has approved a product for marketing. In addition, as discovery research, preclinical development, and clinical programs progress, opportunities to expand development of drug candidates into new disease indications can emerge. We may elect to add such new disease indications to our development efforts (with the approval of our collaborator for joint development programs), thereby extending the period in which we will be developing a product. For example, we, and our collaborators where applicable, continue to explore further development of rilonacept, aflibercept, and VEGF Trap-Eye in different disease indications.
 
     There are numerous uncertainties associated with drug development, including uncertainties related to safety and efficacy data from each phase of drug development, uncertainties related to the enrollment and performance of clinical trials, changes in regulatory requirements, changes in the competitive landscape affecting a product candidate, and other risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” under “Risks Related to ARCALYST® (rilonacept) and the Development of Our Product Candidates,” “Regulatory and Litigation Risks,” and “Risks Related to Commercialization of Products.” The lengthy process of seeking FDA approvals, and subsequent compliance with applicable statutes and regulations, require the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us to obtain, or delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could materially adversely affect our business.
 
     For these reasons and due to the variability in the costs necessary to develop a product and the uncertainties related to future indications to be studied, the estimated cost and scope of the projects, and our ultimate ability to obtain governmental approval for commercialization, accurate and meaningful estimates of the total cost to bring our product candidates to market are not available. Similarly, we are currently unable to reasonably estimate if our product candidates will generate material product revenues and net cash inflows. In 2008, we received FDA approval for ARCALYST® (rilonacept) for the treatment of CAPS, a group of rare, inherited auto-inflammatory diseases that affect a very small group of people. We shipped $20.0 million and $10.7 million of ARCALYST to our U.S. distributors in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
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Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
 
     Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased to $52.9 million in 2009 from $48.9 million in 2008. In 2009, we incurred (i) higher compensation expense, (ii) higher patent-related costs, (iii) higher facility-related costs due primarily to increases in administrative headcount, and (iv) higher patient assistance costs related to ARCALYST® (rilonacept). These increases were partially offset by (i) lower marketing costs related to ARCALYST, (ii) a decrease in administrative recruitment costs, and (iii) lower professional fees related to various corporate matters.
 
Cost of Goods Sold
 
     During 2008, we began recognizing revenue and cost of goods sold from net product sales of ARCALYST. We began capitalizing inventory costs associated with commercial supplies of ARCALYST subsequent to receipt of marketing approval from the FDA in February 2008. Costs for manufacturing supplies of ARCALYST prior to receipt of FDA approval were recognized as research and development expenses in the period that the costs were incurred. Therefore, these costs are not included in cost of goods sold when revenue is recognized from the sale of those supplies of ARCALYST. Cost of goods sold in 2009 and 2008 was $1.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of royalties and other period costs related to ARCALYST commercial supplies.
 
Other Income and Expense
 
     Investment income decreased to $4.5 million in 2009 from $18.2 million in 2008, due primarily to lower yields on, and lower balances of, cash and marketable securities. In addition, in 2009 and 2008, deterioration in the credit quality of specific marketable securities in our investment portfolio subjected us to the risk of not being able to recover these securities’ carrying values. As a result, in 2009 and 2008, we recognized charges of $0.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, related to these securities, which we considered to be other than temporarily impaired. In 2009 and 2008, these charges were either wholly or partially offset by realized gains of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, on sales of marketable securities during the year.
 
     Interest expense decreased to $2.3 million in 2009 from $7.8 million in 2008. Interest expense in 2009 was attributable to the imputed interest portion of payments to our landlord, commencing in the third quarter of 2009, to lease newly constructed laboratory and office facilities in Tarrytown, New York. Interest expense in 2008 related to $200.0 million of 5.5% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes until they were retired. During the second and third quarters of 2008, we repurchased a total of $82.5 million in principal amount of these convertible notes for $83.3 million. In connection with these repurchases, we recognized a $0.9 million loss on early extinguishment of debt, representing the premium paid on the notes plus related unamortized debt issuance costs. The remaining $117.5 million of convertible notes were repaid in full upon their maturity in October 2008.
 
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense
 
     In 2009, we recognized a $4.1 million income tax benefit, consisting primarily of (i) $2.7 million resulting from a provision in the Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009 that allows us to claim a refund of U.S. federal alternative minimum tax that we paid in 2008, as described below, and (ii) $0.7 million resulting from a provision in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 that allows us to claim a refund for a portion of our unused pre-2006 research tax credits.
 
     In 2008, we implemented a tax planning strategy which resulted in the utilization of certain net operating loss carry-forwards that would otherwise have expired over the next several years, to offset income for tax purposes. As a result, we incurred and paid income tax expense of $3.1 million, which relates to U.S. federal and New York State alternative minimum taxes and included $0.2 million of interest and penalties. This expense was partly offset by a $0.7 million income tax benefit, resulting from a provision in the Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008 that allowed us to claim a refund for a portion of our unused pre-2006 research tax credits.
 
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Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
 
Net Loss
 
     Regeneron reported a net loss of $79.1 million, or $1.00 per share (basic and diluted), for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to a net loss of $106.5 million, or $1.61 per share (basic and diluted) for 2007. The decrease in net loss was principally due to revenues earned in 2008 in connection with our November 2007 antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis, partly offset by higher research and development expenses.
 
Revenues
 
     Revenues in 2008 and 2007 consist of the following:
 
(In millions) 2008       2007
Collaboration revenue
       Sanofi-aventis $ 154.0 $ 51.7
       Bayer HealthCare   31.2   35.9
              Total collaboration revenue 185.2 87.6
Technology licensing revenue 40.0 28.4
Net product sales 6.3
Contract research and other revenue 7.0 9.0
              Total revenue $ 238.5 $ 125.0
 
Sanofi-Aventis Collaboration Revenue
 
     The collaboration revenue we earn from sanofi-aventis, as detailed below, consists primarily of reimbursement for research and development expenses and recognition of revenue related to non-refundable up-front payments of $105.0 million related to the aflibercept collaboration and $85.0 million related to the antibody collaboration.
 
Years ended
December 31,
Sanofi-aventis Collaboration Revenue   2008       2007
(In millions)  
Aflibercept:  
       Regeneron expense reimbursement $ 35.6   $ 38.3
       Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front payments   8.8     8.8
              Total aflibercept 44.4 47.1
Antibody:    
       Regeneron expense reimbursement 97.9 3.7
       Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front payment 10.5 0.9
       Recognition of revenue related to VelociGene® agreement 1.2    
              Total antibody 109.6 4.6
Total sanofi-aventis collaboration revenue $ 154.0 $ 51.7
 
     Sanofi-aventis’ reimbursement of Regeneron’s aflibercept expenses decreased in 2008 compared to 2007, primarily due to lower costs related to manufacturing aflibercept clinical supplies. Recognition of deferred revenue relates to sanofi-aventis’ up-front aflibercept payments. As of December 31, 2008, $52.4 million of the original $105.0 million of up-front payments related to aflibercept was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
     In 2008, sanofi-aventis’ reimbursement of Regeneron’s antibody expenses consisted of $72.2 million under the discovery agreement and $25.7 million of development costs, related primarily to REGN88, under the license agreement, compared to $3.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in 2007. Recognition of deferred revenue under the antibody collaboration related to sanofi-aventis’ $85.0 million up-front payment. As of December 31, 2008, $73.6 million of this up-front payment was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
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     In August 2008, we entered into a separate VelociGene® agreement with sanofi-aventis. In 2008, we recognized $1.2 million in revenue related to this agreement.
 
Bayer HealthCare Collaboration Revenue
 
     The collaboration revenue we earn from Bayer HealthCare, as detailed below, consists of cost sharing of Regeneron VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses and recognition of revenue related to a non-refundable $75.0 million up-front payment and a $20.0 million milestone payment received in August 2007 (which, for the purpose of revenue recognition, was not considered substantive).
 
Years ended
December 31,
Bayer HealthCare Collaboration Revenue   2008       2007
(In millions)
Cost-sharing of Regeneron VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses $ 18.8 $ 20.0
Recognition of deferred revenue related to up-front and milestone payments 12.4   15.9
       Total Bayer HealthCare collaboration revenue $ 31.2 $ 35.9
 
     For the period from the collaboration’s inception in October 2006 through September 30, 2007, all up-front licensing, milestone, and cost-sharing payments received or receivable from Bayer HealthCare had been fully deferred and included in deferred revenue. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we and Bayer HealthCare approved a global development plan for VEGF Trap-Eye in wet AMD. The plan included estimated development steps, timelines, and costs, as well as the projected responsibilities of each of the companies. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2007, we and Bayer HealthCare reaffirmed the companies’ commitment to a DME development program and had initial estimates of development costs for VEGF Trap-Eye in DME. As a result, effective in the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company determined the appropriate accounting policy for payments from Bayer HealthCare. The $75.0 million up-front licensing and $20.0 million milestone payments from Bayer HealthCare are being recognized as collaboration revenue over the related estimated performance period. In periods when we recognize VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we incur under the collaboration, we also recognize, as collaboration revenue, the portion of those VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that is reimbursable from Bayer HealthCare. In periods when Bayer HealthCare incurs agreed upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that benefit the collaboration and Regeneron, we also recognize, as additional research and development expense, the portion of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we commenced recognizing previously deferred payments from Bayer HealthCare and cost-sharing of our and Bayer HealthCare’s 2007 VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses through a cumulative catch-up.
 
     Cost-sharing of our VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses with Bayer HealthCare decreased in 2008 compared to 2007. Under the terms of the collaboration, in 2008, the first $70.0 million of agreed-upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses incurred by Regeneron and Bayer HealthCare under a global development plan were shared equally, and we were solely responsible for up to the next $30.0 million. Since both we and Bayer HealthCare incurred higher VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses in 2008 compared to 2007, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we were solely responsible for most of the collaboration’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses, which partly contributed to the revenue decrease in 2008 compared to 2007. In addition, the decrease was due in part to the cumulative catchup recognized in 2007 from the inception of the collaboration in October 2006, as described above. Recognition of deferred revenue related to Bayer HealthCare’s $75.0 million up-front and $20.0 million milestone payments also decreased in 2008 from 2007 as a result of the cumulative catch-up. As of December 31, 2008, $66.7 million of the up-front licensing and milestone payments was deferred and will be recognized as revenue in future periods.
 
Technology Licensing Revenue
 
     In connection with our VelocImmune® license agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas, each of the $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments are deferred upon receipt and recognized as revenue ratably over approximately the ensuing year of each agreement. In 2008 and 2007, we recognized $40.0 million and $28.4 million, respectively, of technology licensing revenue related to these agreements.
 
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Net Product Sales
 
     In 2008, we recognized as revenue $6.3 million of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) net product sales for which both the right of return no longer exists and rebates can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2008, deferred revenue related to ARCALYST net product sales totaled $4.0 million.
 
Contract Research and Other Revenue
 
     Contract research and other revenue in 2008 and 2007 included $4.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively, recognized in connection with our five-year grant from the NIH, which we were awarded in September 2006 as part of the NIH’s Knockout Mouse Project.
 
Expenses
 
     Total operating expenses increased to $324.7 million in 2008 from $240.4 million in 2007. Our average headcount in 2008 increased to 810 from 627 in 2007 principally as a result of our expanding research and development activities which are primarily attributable to our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
     Operating expenses in 2008 and 2007 include a total of $32.5 million and $28.1 million, respectively, of Non-cash Compensation Expense, as detailed below:
 
For the year ended December 31, 2008
Expenses before
inclusion of Non-cash Non-cash
Compensation Compensation Expenses as
Expenses   Expense       Expense       Reported
(In millions)                              
Research and development   $255.9   $19.0   $274.9
Selling, general, and administrative 35.4 13.5     48.9  
Cost of goods sold 0.9 0.9
       Total operating expenses   $292.2   $32.5 $324.7
  
For the year ended December 31, 2007
Expenses before
inclusion of Non-cash Non-cash
Compensation Compensation Expenses as
Expenses   Expense Expense Reported
(In millions)
Research and development   $186.3       $16.2     $202.5
Selling, general, and administrative   26.0       11.9 37.9  
       Total operating expenses   $212.3   $28.1   $240.4
 
     The increase in total Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2008 was partly attributable to the higher fair market value of our Common Stock on the date of our annual employee option grants made in December 2007 in comparison to the fair market value of annual employee option grants made in recent years prior to 2006. In addition, Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2008 and 2007 included $2.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in connection with a December 2007 Restricted Stock award.
 
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Research and Development Expenses
 
     Research and development expenses increased to $274.9 million in 2008 from $202.5 million in 2007. The following table summarizes the major categories of our research and development expenses in 2008 and 2007:
 
Year ended
December 31,
         
Research and Development Expenses   2008       2007       Increase
(In millions)
Payroll and benefits(1) $ 81.7 $ 60.6 $ 21.1
Clinical trial expenses 49.3 37.6   11.7  
Clinical manufacturing costs(2) 53.8   47.0   6.8
Research and preclinical development costs   29.6 23.2 6.4
Occupancy and other operating costs 30.5   23.5 7.0
Cost-sharing of Bayer HealthCare VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses(3) 30.0 10.6 19.4
       Total research and development $ 274.9   $ 202.5 $ 72.4
____________________

(1) Includes $16.7 million and $13.2 million of Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
(2) Represents the full cost of manufacturing drug for use in research, preclinical development, and clinical trials, including related payroll and benefits, Non-cash Compensation Expense, manufacturing materials and supplies, depreciation, and occupancy costs of our Rensselaer manufacturing facility. Includes $2.3 million and $3.0 million of Non-cash Compensation Expense in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
(3)       Under our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, in periods when Bayer HealthCare incurs VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses, we also recognize, as additional research and development expense, the portion of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we commenced recognizing cost-sharing of our and Bayer Healthcare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses. Bayer HealthCare provides us with estimated VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses for the most recent fiscal quarter. Bayer HealthCare’s estimate is reconciled to its actual expenses for such quarter in the subsequent fiscal quarter and our portion of its VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse is adjusted accordingly.
 
     Payroll and benefits increased principally due to the increase in employee headcount, as described above. Clinical trial expenses increased due primarily to higher costs related to our clinical development programs for (i) VEGF Trap-Eye, which includes our VIEW 1 trial in wet AMD, (ii) rilonacept, which includes our Phase 2 gout flare prevention clinical study, and (iii) monoclonal antibodies, which includes REGN88 as well as clinical-related preparatory activities for REGN421. Clinical manufacturing costs increased due primarily to higher expenses related to VEGF Trap-Eye and monoclonal antibodies, including REGN88. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in manufacturing costs associated with rilonacept and aflibercept. Research and preclinical development costs increased primarily due to higher costs associated with our antibody programs. Occupancy and other operating costs increased principally in connection with our higher headcount and expanded research and development activities. Cost-sharing of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses increased primarily due to higher costs in connection with the VIEW 2 trial in wet AMD, which Bayer HealthCare initiated in 2008.
 
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     We prepare estimates of research and development costs for projects in clinical development, which include direct costs and allocations of certain costs such as indirect labor, Non-cash Compensation Expense, and manufacturing and other costs related to activities that benefit multiple projects, and, under our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, the portion of Bayer HealthCare’s VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses that we are obligated to reimburse. Our estimates of research and development costs for clinical development programs are shown below:
 
Year ended
December 31,
  Increase
Project Costs   2008       2007       (Decrease)
(In millions)
Rilonacept $ 39.2 $ 38.1 $ 1.1
Aflibercept 32.1 33.7 (1.6 )
VEGF Trap-Eye 82.7   53.7     29.0
REGN88   21.4 13.6 7.8
Other research programs & unallocated costs 99.5 63.4   36.1
       Total research and development expenses $ 274.9 $ 202.5   $ 72.4
 

     For the reasons described above in Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, under the caption “Research and Development Expenses”, and due to the variability in the costs necessary to develop a product and the uncertainties related to future indications to be studied, the estimated cost and scope of the projects, and our ultimate ability to obtain governmental approval for commercialization, accurate and meaningful estimates of the total cost to bring our product candidates to market are not available. Similarly, we are currently unable to reasonably estimate if our product candidates will generate material product revenues and net cash inflows. In the first quarter of 2008, we received FDA approval for ARCALYST® (rilonacept) for the treatment of CAPS, a group of rare, inherited auto-inflammatory diseases. These rare diseases affect a very small group of people. We shipped $10.7 million of ARCALYST to our U.S. distributors in 2008.
 
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
 
     Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased to $48.9 million in 2008 from $37.9 million in 2007. In 2008, we incurred $5.2 million of selling expenses related to ARCALYST for the treatment of CAPS. General and administrative expenses increased in 2008 due to (i) higher compensation expense primarily resulting from increases in administrative headcount to support our expanded research and development activities, (ii) higher recruitment and related costs associated with expanding our headcount, (iii) higher fees for professional services related to various general corporate matters, and (iv) higher administrative facility-related costs.
 
Cost of Goods Sold
 
     During 2008, we began recognizing revenue and cost of goods sold from net product sales of ARCALYST. We began capitalizing inventory costs associated with commercial supplies of ARCALYST subsequent to receipt of marketing approval from the FDA in February 2008. Costs for manufacturing supplies of ARCALYST prior to receipt of FDA approval were recognized as research and development expenses in the period that the costs were incurred. Therefore, these costs are not being included in cost of goods sold when revenue is recognized from the sale of those supplies of ARCALYST. Cost of goods sold in 2008 was $0.9 million and consisted primarily of royalties and other period costs related to ARCALYST commercial supplies.
 
Other Income and Expense
 
     Investment income decreased to $18.2 million in 2008 from $20.9 million in 2007, due primarily to lower yields on our cash and marketable securities. In addition, in 2008 and 2007, deterioration in the credit quality of specific marketable securities in our investment portfolio subjected us to the risk of not being able to recover these securities’ carrying values. As a result, in 2008 and 2007, we recognized charges of $2.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively, related to these securities, which we considered to be other than temporarily impaired. In 2008, these charges were partially offset by realized gains of $1.2 million on sales of marketable securities during the year.
 
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     Interest expense of $7.8 million and $12.0 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively, was attributable to our 5.5% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due October 17, 2008. During the second and third quarters of 2008, we repurchased a total of $82.5 million in principal amount of these convertible notes for $83.3 million. In connection with these repurchases, we recognized a $0.9 million loss on early extinguishment of debt, representing the premium paid on the notes plus related unamortized debt issuance costs. The remaining $117.5 million of convertible notes were repaid in full upon their maturity in October 2008.
 
Income Tax Expense
 
     In the third quarter of 2008, we implemented a tax planning strategy which resulted in the utilization of certain net operating loss carry-forwards, that would otherwise have expired over the next several years, to offset income for tax purposes. As a result, we incurred and paid income tax expense of $3.1 million, which relates to U.S. federal and New York State alternative minimum taxes and included $0.2 million of interest and penalties. This expense was partially offset by a $0.7 million income tax benefit, resulting from a provision in the Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008 that allowed us to claim a refund for a portion of our unused pre-2006 research tax credits.
 
Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements
 
     The application of FASB authoritative guidance, under certain conditions, can result in the capitalization on a lessee’s books of a lessor’s costs of constructing facilities to be leased to the lessee. In mid-2009, we became aware that certain of these conditions were applicable to our December 2006 lease, as amended, of new laboratory and office facilities in Tarrytown, New York. As a result, we are deemed, in substance, to be the owner of the landlord’s buildings, and the landlord’s costs of constructing these new facilities were required to be capitalized on our books as a non-cash transaction, offset by a corresponding lease obligation on our balance sheet. In addition, the land element of the lease should have been accounted for as an operating lease; therefore, adjustments to non-cash rent expense previously recognized in connection with these new facilities were also required. Lease payments on these facilities commenced in August 2009.
 
     We revised our previously issued financial statements to capitalize the landlord’s costs of constructing the new Tarrytown facilities which we are leasing and to adjust our previously recognized rent expense in connection with these facilities, as described above. These revisions primarily resulted in an increase to property, plant, and equipment and a corresponding increase in facility lease obligation (a long-term liability) at each balance sheet date. We also revised our statements of operations and statements of cash flows to reflect rent expense in connection with only the land element of our lease, with a corresponding adjustment to other long-term liabilities.
 
     As previously disclosed in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30 and September 30, 2009, the above described revisions consisted entirely of non-cash adjustments. They had no impact on our business operations, existing capital resources, or our ability to fund our operating needs, including the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates. The revisions also had no impact on our previously reported net increases or decreases in cash and cash equivalents in any period and, except for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, had no impact on our previously reported net cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. In addition, these revisions had no impact on our previously reported current assets, current liabilities, and operating revenues. We have not amended previously issued financial statements because, after considering both qualitative and quantitative factors, we determined that the judgment of a reasonable person relying on our previously issued financial statements would not have been changed or influenced by these revisions.
 
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     For comparative purposes, the impact of the above described revisions to our balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 is as follows:
 
Balance Sheet Impact at December 31, 2008
(In millions)
 
December 31,
     2008
As originally reported
Property, plant, and equipment, net    $ 87.9
Total assets 670.0
 
Other long-term liabilities 5.1
Total liabilities 251.2
 
Accumulated deficit (875.9 )  
Total stockholders’ equity 418.8
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 670.0
 
As revised
Property, plant, and equipment, net $ 142.0
Total assets 724.2
 
Facility lease obligation 54.2
Other long-term liabilities 2.4
Total liabilities 302.7
 
Accumulated deficit (873.3 )
Total stockholders’ equity 421.5
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 724.2

     For comparative purposes, the impact of the above described revisions to our statements of operations for the period(s) set forth below is as follows:
 
Statements of Operations Impact for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(In millions, except per share data)
 
December 31,
     2008      2007
As originally reported
Research and development expenses $ 278.0 $ 201.6
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 49.3 37.9
Total expenses 328.3   239.5
Net loss     (82.7 ) (105.6 )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (1.05 ) $ (1.59 )
 
As revised
Research and development expenses $ 274.9 $ 202.5
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 48.9 37.9
Total expenses 324.7 240.4
Net loss (79.1 ) (106.5 )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (1.00 ) $ (1.61 )

     These revised amounts are reflected in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
     Since our inception in 1988, we have financed our operations primarily through offerings of our equity securities, a private placement of convertible debt (which was repaid in 2008), purchases of our equity securities by our collaborators, including sanofi-aventis, revenue earned under our past and present research and development agreements, including our agreements with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare, our past contract manufacturing agreements, and our technology licensing agreements, ARCALYST® (rilonacept) product revenue, and investment income.
 
Sources and Uses of Cash for the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007
 
     At December 31, 2009, we had $390.0 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities compared with $527.5 million at December 31, 2008 and $846.3 million at December 31, 2007. Under the terms of our non-exclusive license agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas, each company made $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments to us in each of 2009, 2008, and 2007. In July 2009 and August 2007, we received $20.0 million milestone payments from Bayer HealthCare in connection with the dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 trial of VEGF Trap-Eye in CRVO and wet AMD, respectively. In December 2007, we received an $85.0 million upfront payment in connection with our original antibody collaboration agreement with sanofi-aventis. Sanofi-aventis also purchased 12 million newly issued, unregistered shares of our Common Stock in December 2007 for gross proceeds to us of $312.0 million.
 
Cash (Used in) Provided by Operations
 
     Net cash used in operations was $72.2 million in 2009 and $89.1 million in 2008, and net cash provided by operations was $27.4 million in 2007. Our net losses of $67.8 million in 2009, $79.1 million in 2008, and $106.5 million in 2007 included $31.3 million, $32.5 million, and $28.1 million, respectively, of Non-cash Compensation Expense. Our net losses also included depreciation and amortization of $14.2 million, $11.3 million, and $11.5 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.
 
     At December 31, 2009, accounts receivable increased by $30.4 million, compared to end-of-year 2008, primarily due to a higher receivable balance related to our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis. Our deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2009 decreased by $27.5 million, compared to end-of-year 2008, primarily due to the amortization of previously received deferred payments under our collaborations with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities increased $13.0 million at December 31, 2009, compared to end-of-year 2008, primarily in connection with our expanded levels of activities and expenditures, including higher liabilities for clinical-related expenses, which were partially offset by an $8.6 million decrease in the cost-sharing payment due to Bayer HealthCare in connection with our VEGF Trap-Eye collaboration.
 
     At December 31, 2008, accounts receivable increased by $16.9 million, compared to end-of-year 2007, primarily due to a higher receivable balance related to our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis. Our deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2008 decreased by $26.8 million, compared to end-of-year 2007, primarily due to the amortization of previously received deferred payments under our collaborations with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. This decrease was partially offset by the deferral of $4.0 million of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) net product sales at December 31, 2008.
 
     At December 31, 2007, accounts receivable increased by $10.8 million, compared to end-of-year 2006, due to higher receivable balances related to our collaborations with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. Also, prepaid expenses and other assets increased $9.6 million at December 31, 2007, compared to end-of-year 2006, due primarily to higher prepaid clinical trial costs. Our deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2007 increased by $89.8 million, compared to end-of-year 2006, due primarily to (i) the $85.0 million up-front payment received from sanofi-aventis, (ii) the $20.0 million milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare which was not considered to be substantive for revenue recognition purposes and, therefore, fully deferred, and (iii) the two $20.0 million licensing payments received from each of AstraZeneca and Astellas, all as described above, partly offset by 2007 revenue recognition, principally from amortization of these deferred payments and prior year deferred payments from sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities increased $19.1 million at December 31, 2007, compared to end-of-year 2006, primarily due to a $4.9 million cost-sharing payment due to Bayer HealthCare in connection with the companies’ VEGF Trap-Eye collaboration and higher accruals in 2007 for payroll costs and clinical-related expenses.
 
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     The majority of our cash expenditures in 2009, 2008, and 2007 were to fund research and development, primarily related to our clinical programs and our preclinical human monoclonal antibody programs. In 2008 and 2007, we made interest payments totaling $9.3 million and $11.0 million, respectively, on our convertible senior subordinated notes. The convertible notes were repaid in full in 2008.
 
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
 
     Net cash provided by investing activities was $146 thousand in 2009 and $30.8 million in 2008, and net cash used in investing activities was $85.7 million in 2007. In 2009 and 2008, sales or maturities of marketable securities exceeded purchases by $97.4 million and $65.7 million, respectively, whereas in 2007, purchases of marketable securities exceeded sales or maturities by $67.3 million. Capital expenditures in 2009 and 2008 included costs in connection with expanding our manufacturing capacity at our Rensselaer, New York facilities and tenant improvements and related costs in connection with our December 2006 Tarrytown, New York lease, as described below. Capital expenditures in 2007 included the purchase of land and a building in Rensselaer for $9.0 million.
 
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
 
     Net cash provided by financing activities was $31.4 million in 2009 and $319.4 million in 2007, respectively, and net cash used in financing activities was $192.9 million in 2008. In 2009, we received a $23.6 million reimbursement of tenant improvements from our landlord in connection with our new Tarrytown facilities, which we are deemed to own in accordance with FASB authoritative guidance. In the second and third quarters of 2008, we repurchased $82.5 million in principal amount of our convertible senior subordinated notes for $83.3 million. The remaining $117.5 million of convertible notes were repaid in full upon their maturity in October 2008. In 2007, sanofi-aventis purchased 12 million newly issued, unregistered shares of our Common Stock for gross proceeds to us of $312.0 million. In addition, proceeds from issuances of Common Stock in connection with exercises of employee stock options were $8.6 million in 2009, $7.9 million in 2008, and $7.6 million in 2007.
 
Fair Value of Marketable Securities
 
     At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we held marketable securities whose aggregate fair value totaled $181.3 million and $278.0 million, respectively. The composition of our portfolio of marketable securities on these dates was as follows:
 
2009 2008
Investment type        Fair Value      Percent      Fair Value      Percent
U.S. Treasury securities $ 80.4 44 % $ 113.9   41 %
U.S. government agency securities 29.6 16 % 58.3 21 %
U.S. government-guaranteed corporate bonds 48.7 27 % 29.8 11 %
U.S. government guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations 3.7 2 % 17.4     6 %
Corporate bonds 10.3 6 % 37.1 13 %
Mortgage-backed securities 3.2 2 % 10.0 4 %
Other asset-backed securities     7.8 3 %
Other 5.4 3 % 3.7 1 %
       Total marketable securities     $ 181.3     100 %     $ 278.0     100 %

     In addition, at December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had $208.7 million and $249.5 million, respectively, of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, primarily held in money market funds that invest in U.S. government securities.
 
     During 2009, as marketable securities in our portfolio matured or paid down, we purchased primarily U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency obligations, and U.S. government-guaranteed debt. This shift toward higher quality securities, which we initiated in 2008, reduced the risk profile, as well as the overall yield, of our portfolio during 2009.
 
     In particular, we reduced the proportion of mortgage-backed securities in, and eliminated other asset-backed securities from, the portfolio since they had deteriorated in credit quality and declined in value due to higher delinquency rates on the underlying collateral supporting these securities. The mortgage-backed securities that we
 
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held at December 31, 2009 are backed by prime and sub-prime residential mortgages and home equity loans. The estimated fair value of our mortgage-backed securities generally ranged from 77% to 99% of par value at December 31, 2009. Our mortgage-backed securities are all senior tranches that are paid-down before other subordinated tranches as the loans in the underlying collateral are repaid. Through December 31, 2009, we continued to receive monthly payments of principal and interest on our mortgage-backed securities holdings. If the monthly principal and interest payments continue at approximately the current rate, we anticipate that all of the mortgage-backed securities in our portfolio will be repaid within the next two years, and most would be repaid in 2010. However, higher delinquency rates in the underlying collateral supporting mortgage-backed securities in our investment portfolio could result in future impairment charges related to these securities, which could be material.
 
     We classify our investments using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers are Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
 
     Changes in Level 3 marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 were as follows:
 
Level 3
Marketable
Securities
(In millions)      2009      2008
Balance January 1 $ 0.1 $ 7.9
Settlements (8.2 )
Realized gain 1.1
Impairments (0.1 ) (0.7 )
Balance December 31 $ 0.1

     During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, there were no transfers of marketable securities between Level 2 and Level 3 classifications.
 
     Our methods for valuing our marketable securities are described in Note 2 to our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. With respect to valuations for pricing our Level 2 marketable securities, we consider quantitative and qualitative factors such as financial conditions and near term prospects of the issuer, recommendations of investment advisors, and forecasts of economic, market, or industry trends. For valuations that we determine for our Level 3 marketable securities, we regularly monitor these securities and adjust their valuations as deemed appropriate based on the facts and circumstances.
 
Collaborations with the sanofi-aventis Group
 
Aflibercept
 
     In September 2003, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (predecessor to sanofi-aventis U.S.) to collaborate on the development and commercialization of aflibercept in all countries other than Japan, where we retained the exclusive right to develop and commercialize aflibercept. Sanofi-aventis made a non-refundable up-front payment of $80.0 million and purchased 2,799,552 newly issued unregistered shares of our Common Stock for $45.0 million.
 
     In January 2005, we and sanofi-aventis amended the collaboration agreement to exclude, from the scope of the collaboration, the development and commercialization of aflibercept for intraocular delivery to the eye. In connection with this amendment, sanofi-aventis made a $25.0 million non-refundable payment to us.
 
     In December 2005, we and sanofi-aventis amended our collaboration agreement to expand the territory in which the companies are collaborating on the development of aflibercept to include Japan. In connection with this amendment, sanofi-aventis agreed to make a $25.0 million non-refundable up-front payment to us, which was received in January 2006. Under the collaboration agreement, as amended, we and sanofi-aventis will share co-promotion rights and profits on sales, if any, of aflibercept outside of Japan for disease indications included in our collaboration. In Japan, we are entitled to a royalty of approximately 35% on annual sales of aflibercept. We may also receive up to $400 million in milestone payments upon receipt of specified marketing approvals, including up to
 
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$360 million in milestone payments related to the receipt of marketing approvals for up to eight aflibercept oncology and other indications in the United States or the European Union and up to $40 million related to the receipt of marketing approvals for up to five aflibercept oncology indications in Japan.
 
     We have agreed to manufacture clinical supplies of aflibercept at our plant in Rensselaer, New York. Sanofi-aventis has agreed to be responsible for providing commercial scale manufacturing capacity for aflibercept.
 
     Under the collaboration agreement, as amended, agreed upon worldwide aflibercept development expenses incurred by both companies during the term of the agreement, including costs associated with the manufacture of clinical drug supply, will be funded by sanofi-aventis. If the collaboration becomes profitable, we will be obligated to reimburse sanofi-aventis for 50% of these development expenses, including 50% of the $25.0 million payment received in connection with the January 2005 amendment to our collaboration agreement, in accordance with a formula based on the amount of development expenses and our share of the collaboration profits and Japan royalties, or at a faster rate at our option. In addition, if the first commercial sale of an aflibercept product for intraocular delivery to the eye predates the first commercial sale of an aflibercept product under the collaboration by two years, we will begin reimbursing sanofi-aventis for up to $7.5 million of aflibercept development expenses in accordance with a formula until the first commercial aflibercept sale under the collaboration occurs. Since inception of the collaboration agreement through December 31, 2009, we and sanofi-aventis have incurred $598.4 million in agreed upon development expenses related to aflibercept. Currently, multiple clinical studies to evaluate aflibercept as both a single agent and in combination with other therapies in various cancer indications are ongoing.
 
     Sanofi-aventis funded $26.6 million, $35.6 million, and $38.3 million, respectively, of our aflibercept development costs in 2009, 2008, and 2007, of which $3.6 million, $6.3 million, and $10.5 million, respectively, were included in accounts receivable as of December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007. In addition, the up-front payments from sanofi-aventis of $80.0 million in September 2003 and $25.0 million in January 2006 were recorded to deferred revenue and are being recognized as contract research and development revenue over the period during which we expect to perform services. In 2009, 2008, and 2007, we recognized $9.9 million, $8.8 million, and $8.8 million of revenue, respectively, related to these up-front payments.
 
     Sanofi-aventis has the right to terminate the agreement without cause with at least twelve months advance notice. Upon termination of the agreement for any reason, any remaining obligation to reimburse sanofi-aventis for 50% of aflibercept development expenses will terminate and we will retain all rights to aflibercept.
 
Antibodies
 
     In November 2007, we and sanofi-aventis entered into a global, strategic collaboration to discover, develop, and commercialize fully human monoclonal antibodies. The collaboration is governed by a Discovery and Preclinical Development Agreement and a License and Collaboration Agreement. We received a non-refundable up-front payment of $85.0 million from sanofi-aventis under the discovery agreement. In addition, sanofi-aventis is funding research at Regeneron to identify and validate potential drug discovery targets and develop fully human monoclonal antibodies against these targets. Sanofi-aventis funded approximately $175 million of research from the collaboration’s inception through December 31, 2009. In November 2009, we and sanofi-aventis amended these collaboration agreements to expand and extend our antibody collaboration. Sanofi-aventis will now fund up to $160 million per year of our antibody discovery activities in 2010 through 2017, subject to a one-time option for sanofi-aventis to adjust the maximum reimbursement amount down to $120 million per year commencing in 2014 if over the prior two years certain specified criteria are not satisfied. The discovery agreement will expire on December 31, 2017; however, sanofi-aventis has an option to extend the agreement for up to an additional three years for further antibody development and preclinical activities.
 
     For each drug candidate identified under the discovery agreement, sanofi-aventis has the option to license rights to the candidate under the license agreement. If it elects to do so, sanofi-aventis will co-develop the drug candidate with us through product approval. Under the license agreement, agreed upon worldwide development expenses incurred by both companies during the term of the agreement will be funded by sanofi-aventis, except that following receipt of the first positive Phase 3 trial results for a co-developed drug candidate, subsequent Phase 3 trial-related costs for that drug candidate (called Shared Phase 3 Trial Costs) will be shared 80% by sanofi-aventis and 20% by us. If the collaboration becomes profitable, we will be obligated to reimburse sanofi-aventis for 50% of development expenses that were fully funded by sanofi-aventis (or half of $140.2 million as of December 31, 2009)
 
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and 30% of Shared Phase 3 Trial Costs, in accordance with a defined formula based on the amounts of these expenses and our share of the collaboration profits from commercialization of collaboration products. However, we are not required to apply more than 10% of our share of the profits from collaboration products in any calendar quarter towards reimbursing sanofi-aventis for these development costs. If sanofi-aventis does not exercise its option to license rights to a particular drug candidate under the license agreement, we will retain the exclusive right to develop and commercialize such drug candidate, and sanofi-aventis will receive a royalty on sales, if any.
 
     Sanofi-aventis will lead commercialization activities for products developed under the license agreement, subject to our right to co-promote such products. The parties will equally share profits and losses from sales within the United States. The parties will share profits outside the United States on a sliding scale based on sales starting at 65% (sanofi-aventis)/35% (us) and ending at 55% (sanofi-aventis)/45% (us), and losses outside the United States at 55% (sanofi-aventis)/45% (us). In addition to profit sharing, we are entitled to receive up to $250 million in sales milestone payments, with milestone payments commencing only if and after aggregate annual sales outside the United States exceed $1.0 billion on a rolling 12-month basis.
 
     We are obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to supply clinical requirements of each drug candidate under the collaboration until commercial supplies of that drug candidate are being manufactured. In connection with the November 2009 amendment of the collaboration’s discovery agreement, sanofi-aventis will fund up to $30 million of agreed-upon costs incurred by us to expand our manufacturing capacity at our Rensselaer, New York facilities, of which $0.5 million were included in accounts receivable at December 31, 2009.
 
     In 2009, 2008, and 2007, sanofi-aventis funded $99.8 million, $72.2 million, and $3.0 million, respectively, of our expenses under the collaboration’s discovery agreement and $98.3 million, $25.7 million, and $0.7 million, respectively, of our development costs under the license agreement. Of these amounts, $57.9 million and $25.5 million were included in accounts receivable as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The $85.0 million up-front payment received from sanofi-aventis in December 2007 was recorded to deferred revenue and is being recognized as collaboration revenue over the period during which we expect to perform services. In 2009, 2008, and 2007, we recognized $9.9 million, $10.5 million, and $0.9 million of revenue, respectively, related to this up-front payment. In addition, reimbursements by sanofi-aventis of our costs to expand our manufacturing capacity will be recorded to deferred revenue and recognized prospectively as collaboration revenue over the same period applicable to recognition of the $85.0 million up-front payment, as described above.
 
     In connection with the antibody collaboration, in August 2008, we entered into a separate agreement with sanofi-aventis to use our proprietary VelociGene® technology platform to supply sanofi-aventis with genetically modified mammalian models of gene function and disease. The agreement provides for minimum annual order quantities for the term of the agreement, which extends through December 2012, for which we expect to receive payments totaling a minimum of $21.5 million, of which $5.1 million had been received as of December 31, 2009.
 
     With respect to each antibody product which enters development under the license agreement, sanofi-aventis or we may, by giving twelve months notice, opt-out of further development and/or commercialization of the product, in which event the other party retains exclusive rights to continue the development and/or commercialization of the product. We may also opt-out of the further development of an antibody product if we give notice to sanofi-aventis within thirty days of the date that sanofi-aventis elects to jointly develop such antibody product under the license agreement. Each of the discovery agreement and the license agreement contains other termination provisions, including for material breach by the other party. Prior to December 31, 2017, sanofi-aventis has the right to terminate the discovery agreement without cause with at least three months advance written notice; however, except under defined circumstances, sanofi-aventis would be obligated to immediately pay to us the full amount of unpaid research funding during the remaining term of the research agreement through December 31, 2017. Upon termination of the collaboration in its entirety, our obligation to reimburse sanofi-aventis for development costs out of any future profits from collaboration products will terminate.
 
     In December 2007, we sold sanofi-aventis 12 million newly issued, unregistered shares of Common Stock at an aggregate cash price of $312.0 million, or $26.00 per share of Common Stock. As a condition to the closing of this transaction, sanofi-aventis entered into an investor agreement with us. This agreement, which was amended in November 2009, contains certain demand rights, “stand-still provisions”, and other restrictions, which are more fully described in Note 12 to our Financial Statements.
 
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Collaboration with Bayer HealthCare
 
     In October 2006, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Bayer HealthCare to globally develop, and commercialize outside the United States, VEGF Trap-Eye. Under the terms of the agreement, Bayer HealthCare made a non-refundable up-front payment to us of $75.0 million. In August 2007, we received a $20.0 million milestone payment (which, for the purpose of revenue recognition, was not considered substantive) from Bayer HealthCare following dosing of the first patient in the Phase 3 study of VEGF Trap-Eye in wet AMD. In July 2009, we received a $20.0 million substantive performance milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare following dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 study of VEGF Trap-Eye in CRVO. We are eligible to receive up to $70 million in additional development and regulatory milestones related to the VEGF Trap-Eye program. We are also eligible to receive up to an additional $135 million in sales milestones if total annual sales of VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States achieve certain specified levels starting at $200 million.
 
     We will share equally with Bayer HealthCare in any future profits arising from the commercialization of VEGF Trap-Eye outside the United States. If VEGF Trap-Eye is granted marketing authorization in a major market country outside the United States and the collaboration becomes profitable, we will be obligated to reimburse Bayer HealthCare out of our share of the collaboration profits for 50% of the agreed upon development expenses that Bayer HealthCare has incurred (or half of $138.4 million at December 31, 2009) in accordance with a formula based on the amount of development expenses that Bayer HealthCare has incurred and our share of the collaboration profits, or at a faster rate at our option. Within the United States, we are responsible for any future commercialization of VEGF Trap-Eye and retain exclusive rights to any future profits from such commercialization in the United States. To date, we and Bayer HealthCare have initiated Phase 3 programs of VEGF Trap-Eye in wet AMD and CRVO and a Phase 2 clinical study in DME. We are also obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to supply clinical and commercial product requirements.
 
     The $75.0 million up-front payment and the $20.0 million milestone payment received in August 2007 from Bayer HealthCare were recorded to deferred revenue. In 2009, 2008, and 2007, we recognized $9.9 million, $12.4 million, and $15.9 million, respectively, of revenue related to these deferred payments. The $20.0 million substantive performance milestone payment received from Bayer HealthCare in July 2009 was recognized as revenue in 2009.
 
     Under the terms of the agreement, in 2009 and thereafter, all agreed upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses incurred by both companies under a global development plan will be shared equally. In 2009, this resulted in a net payment by us of $0.3 million to Bayer HealthCare. In 2008, the first $70.0 million of VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses were shared equally and we were solely responsible for up to the next $30.0 million, which resulted in a net payment by us of $11.3 million to Bayer HealthCare. In 2007, the first $50.0 million of VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses were shared equally and we were solely responsible for up to the next $40.0 million, which resulted in a net reimbursement of $9.4 million from Bayer HealthCare to us. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, accrued expenses included $1.2 million and $9.8 million, respectively, due to Bayer HealthCare.
 
     Bayer HealthCare has the right to terminate the agreement without cause with at least six months or twelve months advance notice depending on defined circumstances at the time of termination. In the event of termination of the agreement for any reason, we retain all rights to VEGF Trap-Eye.
 
License Agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas
 
     Under these non-exclusive license agreements, AstraZeneca and Astellas each made $20.0 million annual, non-refundable payments to us in each of 2009, 2008, and 2007. AstraZeneca and Astellas are each required to make up to three additional annual payments of $20.0 million, subject to each licensee’s ability to terminate its license agreement with us after making the next annual payment in 2010.
 
National Institutes of Health Grant
 
     Under our five-year grant from the NIH, as amended, we are entitled to receive a minimum of $25.3 million over the five-year period beginning in September 2006, subject to compliance with the grant’s terms and annual funding approvals, including $1.5 million to optimize our existing C57BL/6 ES cell line and its proprietary growth medium. In 2009, 2008, and 2007, we recognized $5.5 million, $4.9 million, and $5.5 million, respectively, of
 
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revenue related to the NIH Grant, of which $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively, was receivable at the end of 2009 and 2008. In 2010, we expect to receive funding of approximately $5.5 million for reimbursement of Regeneron expenses related to the NIH Grant.
 
License Agreement with Cellectis
 
     In July 2008, we and Cellectis S.A. entered into an Amended and Restated Non-Exclusive License Agreement. The amended license agreement resolved a dispute between the parties related to the interpretation of a license agreement entered into by the parties in December 2003 pursuant to which we licensed certain patents and patent applications relating to a process for the specific replacement of a copy of a gene in the receiver genome by homologous recombination. Pursuant to the amended license agreement, in July 2008, we made a non-refundable $12.5 million payment to Cellectis and agreed to pay Cellectis a low single-digit royalty based on revenue received by us from any future licenses or sales of our VelociGene® or VelocImmune® products and services. No royalties are payable with respect to our VelocImmune license agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas or our antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis. In addition, no royalties are payable on any revenue from commercial sales of antibodies from our VelocImmune technology.
 
     We are amortizing our $12.5 million payment to Cellectis in proportion to past and anticipated future revenues under our license agreements with AstraZeneca and Astellas and our antibody discovery agreement with sanofi-aventis (as amended in November 2009). In 2009 and 2008, we recognized $2.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of expense related to the Cellectis agreement.
 
     In July 2008, we and Cellectis also entered into a Subscription Agreement pursuant to which we purchased 368,301 ordinary shares of Cellectis in November 2008 at a price of EUR 8.63 per share (which was equivalent to $10.98 at the EUR exchange rate on the date of purchase).
 
Lease – Tarrytown, New York Facilities:
 
     We lease approximately 537,100 square feet of laboratory and office space at facilities in Tarrytown, New York, under a December 2006 lease agreement, as amended. These facilities include approximately 230,000 square feet of newly constructed space in two new buildings (Buildings A and B) that were completed during the third quarter of 2009 and, under a December 2009 amendment to the lease, approximately 130,900 square feet of additional new space that is under construction in a third new building (Building C), which is expected to be completed in mid-2011. The lease will expire in June 2024 and contains three renewal options to extend the term of the lease by five years each, as well as early termination options on approximately 290,400 square feet of space. The lease provides for monthly payments over its term and additional charges for utilities, taxes, and operating expenses. Certain premises under the lease are accounted for as operating leases. However, for the newly constructed space that we are leasing, we are deemed, in substance, to be the owner of the landlord’s buildings in accordance with the application of FASB authoritative guidance (as described above under “Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements”), and the landlord’s costs of constructing these new facilities are required to be capitalized on our books as a non-cash transaction, offset by a corresponding lease obligation on our balance sheet.
 
     In connection with the lease, in December 2006, we issued a letter of credit in the amount of $1.6 million to our landlord, which is collateralized by a $1.6 million bank certificate of deposit.
 
     In connection with Buildings A and B, we capitalized our landlord’s costs of constructing these new facilities, which totaled $58.2 million as of December 31, 2009, and recognized a corresponding facility lease obligation of $58.2 million. We also recognized, as an additional facility lease obligation, reimbursements totaling $23.6 million from our landlord during 2009 for tenant improvement costs that we incurred since, under FASB authoritative guidance, these reimbursements from our landlord are deemed to be a financing obligation. Monthly lease payments on these facilities are allocated between the land element of the lease (which is accounted for as an operating lease) and the facility lease obligation, based on the estimated relative fair values of the land and buildings. The imputed interest rate applicable to the facility lease obligation is approximately 11%. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the facility lease obligation balance in connection with these new facilities was $81.0 million and $54.2 million, respectively.
 
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     In addition, as described above, we amended our lease in December 2009 to include additional new laboratory and office space in Building C that is under construction. As of December 31, 2009, we capitalized $27.8 million of our landlord’s costs of constructing these new facilities, and recognized a corresponding facility lease obligation of $27.8 million. Monthly lease payments on these facilities will commence in January 2011 and additional charges for utilities, taxes, and operating expenses commenced in January 2010. Rent expense in connection with the land element of these additional facilities, which is accounted for as an operating lease, commenced in December 2009 and is recorded as a deferred liability until lease payments commence in January 2011. In addition, interest expense is imputed at a rate of approximately 9%, and is capitalized and deferred in connection with this facility lease obligation. At December 31, 2009, the facility lease obligation balance in connection with these additional new facilities was $28.0 million.
 
Capital Expenditures
 
     Our cash expenditures for property, plant, and equipment totaled $97.3 million in 2009, $34.9 million in 2008, and $18.4 million in 2007. As described above, $23.6 million of tenant improvement costs we incurred in Tarrytown were reimbursed by our landlord in 2009. We expect to incur capital expenditures of approximately $80 to $110 million in 2010 and approximately $40 to $60 million in 2011, primarily in connection with expanding our Rensselaer, New York manufacturing facilities and tenant improvements at our newly leased Tarrytown facilities in Building C. In February 2010, we received $47.5 million from our landlord in connection with tenant improvement costs in Tarrytown. We also expect to be reimbursed for a portion of the capital expenditures for our Rensselaer facilities by sanofi-aventis, with the remaining amount to be funded by our existing capital resources.
 
Funding Requirements
 
     Our total expenses for research and development from inception through December 31, 2009 have been approximately $2.0 billion. We have entered into various agreements related to our activities to develop and commercialize product candidates and utilize our technology platforms, including collaboration agreements, such as those with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare, and agreements to use our Velocigene® technology platform. We incurred expenses associated with these agreements, which include reimbursable and non-reimbursable amounts, an allocable portion of general and administrative costs, and cost sharing of a collaborator’s development expenses, where applicable, of $333.7 million, $230.6 million, and $108.2 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.
 
     We expect to continue to incur substantial funding requirements primarily for research and development activities (including preclinical and clinical testing). Before taking into account reimbursements from our collaborators, and exclusive of anticipated funding for capital expenditures as described above, we currently anticipate that approximately 65-75% of our expenditures for 2010 will be directed toward the preclinical and clinical development of product candidates, including rilonacept, aflibercept, VEGF Trap-Eye, and clinical stage monoclonal antibodies; approximately 15-25% of our expenditures for 2010 will be applied to our basic research and early preclinical activities; and the remainder of our expenditures for 2010 will be used for the continued development of our novel technology platforms and general corporate purposes. While we expect that funding requirements for our research and development activities will continue to increase in 2010, we also expect that a greater proportion of our research and development expenditures will be reimbursed by our collaborators, especially in connection with our amended and expanded antibody collaboration with sanofi-aventis.
 
     In connection with our funding requirements, the following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2009. These obligations and commitments assume non-termination of agreements and represent expected payments based on current operating forecasts, which are subject to change:
 
Payments Due by Period
Less than Greater than
     Total      one year      1 to 3 years      3 to 5 years      5 years
(In millions)
Operating leases(1)   $ 96.2 $ 6.3 $ 11.6 $ 12.4 $ 65.9  
Purchase obligations(2) 150.6   112.5   38.1            
Other long-term liabilities(3) 205.4   8.2   22.4   26.6   148.2
Total contractual obligations $ 452.2      $ 127.0           $ 72.1           $ 39.0           $ 214.1     

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_______________
 
(1) Excludes future contingent costs for utilities, real estate taxes, and operating expenses included in our rent. In 2009, these costs were $8.4 million. See Note 11(a) to our Financial Statements.
 
(2)       Purchase obligations primarily relate to (i) research and development commitments, including those related to clinical trials, (ii) capital expenditures for equipment acquisitions, and (iii) license payments. Our obligation to pay certain of these amounts may increase or be reduced based on certain future events. Open purchase orders for the acquisition of goods and services in the ordinary course of business are excluded from the table above.
 
(3) Represents payments with respect to facility lease obligations in connection with our lease of facilities in Tarrytown, New York, as described above. See Note 11(a) to our Financial Statements.
 
     As described above, in February 2010, we received $47.5 million from our landlord in connection with tenant improvement costs in Tarrytown. As a result, total contractual obligations, as detailed in the table above, will increase (i) from 127.0 million to $130.9 million for the year ending December 31, 2010, (ii) from $72.1 million to $80.0 million for the two-year period beginning January 1, 2011, (iii) from $39.0 million to $47.0 million for the two-year period beginning January 1, 2013, and (iv) from $214.1 million to $251.6 million for the fiscal years beginning January 1, 2015 and thereafter.
 
     Under our collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, over the next several years we and Bayer HealthCare will share agreed upon VEGF Trap-Eye development expenses incurred by both companies, under a global development plan, as described above. In addition, under our collaboration agreements with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare, if the applicable collaboration becomes profitable, we have contingent contractual obligations to reimburse sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare for a defined percentage (generally 50%) of agreed-upon development expenses incurred by sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare, respectively. Profitability under each collaboration will be measured by calculating net sales less agreed-upon expenses. These reimbursements would be deducted from our share of the collaboration profits (and, for our aflibercept collaboration with sanofi-aventis, royalties on product sales in Japan) otherwise payable to us unless we agree to reimburse these expenses at a faster rate at our option. Given the uncertainties related to drug development (including the development of aflibercept and co-developed antibody candidates in collaboration with sanofi-aventis and VEGF Trap-Eye in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare) such as the variability in the length of time necessary to develop a product candidate and the ultimate ability to obtain governmental approval for commercialization, we are currently unable to reliably estimate if our collaborations with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare will become profitable.
 
     The amount we need to fund operations will depend on various factors, including the status of competitive products, the success of our research and development programs, the potential future need to expand our professional and support staff and facilities, the status of patents and other intellectual property rights, the delay or failure of a clinical trial of any of our potential drug candidates, and the continuation, extent, and success of our collaborations with sanofi-aventis and Bayer HealthCare. Clinical trial costs are dependent, among other things, on the size and duration of trials, fees charged for services provided by clinical trial investigators and other third parties, the costs for manufacturing the product candidate for use in the trials, and for supplies, laboratory tests, and other expenses. The amount of funding that will be required for our clinical programs depends upon the results of our research and preclinical programs and early-stage clinical trials, regulatory requirements, the duration and results of clinical trials underway and of additional clinical trials that we decide to initiate, and the various factors that affect the cost of each trial as described above. Currently, we are required to remit royalties on product sales of ARCALYST® (rilonacept) for the treatment of CAPS. In the future, if we are able to successfully develop, market, and sell ARCALYST for other indications or certain of our product candidates, we may be required to pay royalties or otherwise share the profits generated on such sales in connection with our collaboration and licensing agreements.
 
     We expect that expenses related to the filing, prosecution, defense, and enforcement of patents and other intellectual property will continue to be substantial.
 
     We believe that our existing capital resources, including funding we are entitled to receive under our collaboration agreements, will enable us to meet operating needs through at least 2012. However, this is a forward-looking statement based on our current operating plan, and there may be a change in projected revenues or expenses that would lead to our capital being consumed significantly before such time. For example, if we choose to commercialize products that are not licensed to a third party, we could incur substantial pre-marketing and commercialization expenses that
 
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could lead us to consume our cash at a faster rate. If there is insufficient capital to fund all of our planned operations and activities, we would expect to prioritize available capital to fund selected preclinical and clinical development programs or license selected products.
 
     Other than our operating leases and a $1.6 million letter of credit issued to our landlord in connection with our lease for facilities in Tarrytown, New York, as described above, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements. In addition, we do not guarantee the obligations of any other entity. As of December 31, 2009, we had no established banking arrangements through which we could obtain short-term financing or a line of credit. In the event we need additional financing for the operation of our business, we will consider collaborative arrangements and additional public or private financing, including additional equity financing. Factors influencing the availability of additional financing include our progress in product development, investor perception of our prospects, and the general condition of the financial markets. We may not be able to secure the necessary funding through new collaborative arrangements or additional public or private offerings. If we cannot raise adequate funds to satisfy our capital requirements, we may have to delay, scale-back, or eliminate certain of our research and development activities or future operations. This could materially harm our business.
 
Future Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
     In October 2009, the FASB amended its authoritative guidance on multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. The amended guidance provides greater ability to separate and allocate arrangement consideration in a multiple-element revenue arrangement by requiring the use of estimated selling prices to allocate arrangement consideration, thereby eliminating the use of the residual method of allocation. The amended guidance also requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures surrounding multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. This guidance may be applied retrospectively or prospectively for new or materially modified arrangements. We are required to adopt this amended guidance effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2011, although earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
 
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
     Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates principally in connection with our investment of excess cash in direct obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, other debt securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, and money market funds that invest in U.S. Government securities and, to a lesser extent, investment grade debt securities issued by corporations, bank deposits, and asset-backed securities. We do not believe we are materially exposed to changes in interest rates. Under our current policies, we do not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes. We estimate that a one percent unfavorable change in interest rates would have resulted in approximately a $0.6 million and $1.9 million decrease in the fair value of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Credit Quality Risk
 
     We have an investment policy that includes guidelines on acceptable investment securities, minimum credit quality, maturity parameters, and concentration and diversification. Nonetheless, deterioration of the credit quality of an investment security subsequent to purchase may subject us to the risk of not being able to recover the full principal value of the security. We have recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges related to certain marketable securities of $0.1 million, $2.5 million, and $5.9 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.
 
     The current economic environment and the deterioration in the credit quality of issuers of securities that we hold increase the risk of potential declines in the current market value of marketable securities in our investment portfolio. Such declines could result in charges against income in future periods for other-than-temporary impairments and the amounts could be material.
 
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
     The financial statements required by this Item are included on pages F-1 through F-35 of this report. The supplementary financial information required by this Item is included at page F-35 of this report.
 
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
     Not applicable.
 
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
     The Company’s management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer each concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
     Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2009. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
 
     Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
      There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
     Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met and cannot detect all deviations. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or deviations, if any, within the company have been detected. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
 
     None.
 
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PART III
 
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
     The information required by this item (other than the information set forth in the next paragraph in this Item 10) will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
     We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our officers, directors, and employees. The full text of our code of business conduct and ethics can be found on the Company’s website (http://www.regeneron.com) under the “Corporate Governance” heading on the “About Us” page.
 
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
     The information called for by this item will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 12. 
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
     The information called for by this item will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 
     The information required by this item will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
     The information called for by this item will be included in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
PART IV
 
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
(a)1. Financial Statements
 
The financials statements filed as part of this report are listed on the Index to Financial Statements on page F-1.
 
2. Financial Statement Schedules
 
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
 
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3. Exhibits
 
Exhibit        
Number Description
3.1 (o)    -   Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2 (a)    -   By-Laws, as amended.
10.1 + (b)    -   1990 Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan.
10.2 + (p)    -   Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan.
10.2.1 + (c)    -   Form of option agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of options to the Registrant’s non-employee directors and named executive officers.
10.2.2 + (c)    -   Form of option agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of options to the Registrant’s executive officers other than the named executive officers.
10.2.3 + (d)    -   Form of restricted stock award agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of restricted stock awards to the Registrant’s executive officers.
10.2.4 + (d)    -   Form of option agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of stock options to certain of the Registrant’s executive officers in connection with a January 2005 Option Exchange Program.
10.2.5 + (t)    -   Form of option agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of time based vesting stock options to the Registrant’s non-employee directors and executive officers.
10.2.6 + (t)    -   Form of option agreement and related notice of grant for use in connection with the grant of performance based vesting stock options to the Registrant’s executive officers.
10.3 + (s)    -   Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2008, between the Registrant and Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D.
10.4* + (e)    -   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1998, between the Registrant and P. Roy Vagelos, M.D.
10.5 + (s)    -   Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Change in Control Severance Plan, amended and restated effective as of November 14, 2008.
10.6* (f)    -   IL-1 License Agreement, dated June 26, 2002, by and among the Registrant, Immunex Corporation, and Amgen Inc.
10.7* (u)    -   IL-1 Antibody Termination Agreement by and between Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the Registrant, dated as of June 8, 2009.
10.8* (u)    -   Trap-2 Termination Agreement by and between Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the Registrant, dated as of June 8, 2009.
10.9* (g)    -   Collaboration Agreement, dated as of September 5, 2003, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Registrant.
10.9.1* (e)    -   Amendment No. 1 to Collaboration Agreement, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Registrant, effective as of December 31, 2004.
10.9.2 (h)    -   Amendment No. 2 to Collaboration Agreement, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Registrant, effective as of January 7, 2005.
10.9.3* (i)    -   Amendment No. 3 to Collaboration Agreement, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Registrant, effective as of December 21, 2005.
10.9.4* (i)    -   Amendment No. 4 to Collaboration Agreement, by and between sanofi-aventis U.S., LLC (successor in interest to Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and the Registrant, effective as of January 31, 2006.
10.10* (j)    -   License and Collaboration Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2006, by and between Bayer HealthCare LLC and the Registrant.
10.11* (k)    -   Non Exclusive License and Material Transfer Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2007, by and between AstraZeneca UK Limited and the Registrant.
10.12 (l)    -   Lease, dated as of December 21, 2006, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant.
10.12.1* (n)     -   First Amendment to Lease, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant, effective as of October 24, 2007.

66
 


10.12.2       (r)    -   Second Amendment to Lease, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant, effective as of September 30, 2008.
10.12.3 (t)    -   Third Amendment to lease, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant, entered into as of April 29, 2009.
10.12.4 (v)    -   Fourth Amendment to Lease, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant, effective as of December 3, 2009.
10.12.5 (w)    -   Fifth Amendment to Lease, by and between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant, entered into as of February 11, 2010.
10.13*    (m)    -   Non Exclusive License and Material Transfer Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2007, by and between Astellas Pharma Inc. and the Registrant.
10.14*    -   Amended and Restated Discovery and Preclinical Development Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2009, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Registrant.
10.15*    -   Amended and Restated License and Collaboration Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2009, by and among Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., sanofi-aventis Amerique Du Nord, and the Registrant.
10.16 (o)    -   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 28, 2007, by and among sanofi-aventis Amerique Du Nord, sanofi-aventis US LLC, and the Registrant.
10.17 (o)    -   Investor Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, by and among sanofi-aventis, sanofi-aventis US LLC, Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., sanofi-aventis Amerique du Nord, and the Registrant.
10.17.1    -   First Amendment to the December 20, 2007 Investor Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2009, by and among sanofi-aventis US LLC, Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., sanofi-aventis Amerique du Nord, and the Registrant.
10.18* (q)    -   Amended and Restated Non-Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2008 by and between Cellectis, S.A. and the Registrant.
23.1    -   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24.1    -   Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1    -   Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2    -   Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32    -   Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

Description:
       (a)        Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed November 13, 2007.
 
(b) Incorporated by reference from the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (file number 33-39043).
 
(c) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed December 16, 2005.
 
(d) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed December 13, 2004.
 
(e) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the year ended December 31, 2004, filed March 11, 2005.
 
(f) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended June 30, 2002, filed August 13, 2002.
 
(g) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, filed November 12, 2003.
 
(h) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed January 11, 2005.
 
(i) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed February 28, 2006.

67
 


       (j)        Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, filed November 6, 2006.
 
(k) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed March 12, 2007.
 
(l) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed December 22, 2006.
 
(m) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, filed May 4, 2007.
 
(n) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, filed November 7, 2007.
 
(o) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed February 27, 2008.
 
(p) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed June 17, 2008.
 
(q) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filed August 1, 2008.
 
(r) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, filed November 5, 2008.
 
(s) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed February 26, 2009.
 
(t) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed April 30, 2009.
 
(u) Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, filed August 4, 2009.
 
(v) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed December 8, 2009.
 
(w) Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., filed February 16, 2010.
_______________

*        Portions of this document have been omitted and filed separately with the Commission pursuant to requests for confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2.
      
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

68
 


SIGNATURES
 
     Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
BY:   /S/ LEONARD S. SCHLEIFER
Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D.
President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated:   Tarrytown, New York
February 18, 2010  

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
     KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Leonard S. Schleifer, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Murray A. Goldberg, Senior Vice President, Finance & Administration, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Assistant Secretary, and each of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with the full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities therewith, to sign any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each said attorney-in-fact and agent, or either of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
 
Signature       Title
/s/  LEONARD S. SCHLEIFER, President, Chief Executive Officer, and
Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D. Director (Principal Executive Officer)
       
/s/ MURRAY A. GOLDBERG Senior Vice President, Finance & Administration,
Murray A. Goldberg Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Assistant Secretary
(Principal Financial Officer)
       
/s/ DOUGLAS S. MCCORKLE Vice President, Controller, and
Douglas S. McCorkle Assistant Treasurer (Principal Accounting Officer)
       
/s/ GEORGE D. YANCOPOULOS Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer,
George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D. President, Regeneron Research Laboratories, and Director
       
/s/ P. ROY VAGELOS Chairman of the Board
P. Roy Vagelos, M.D.
       
/s/ CHARLES A. BAKER Director
Charles A. Baker
       
/s/ MICHAEL S. BROWN Director
Michael S. Brown, M.D.
       
/s/ ALFRED G. GILMAN Director
Alfred G. Gilman, M.D., Ph.D.
       
/s/ JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN Director
Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D.
       
/s/ ARTHUR F. RYAN Director
Arthur F. Ryan
       
/s/ ERIC M. SHOOTER Director
Eric M. Shooter, Ph.D.
       
/s/ GEORGE L. SING Director
George L. Sing  

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REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Page
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.   Numbers
   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
   Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2008 F-3
   Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 F-4
   Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 F-5
   Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 F-6
   Notes to Financial Statements F-7 to F-35

F-1
 


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.:
 
     In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheets and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
     A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
     Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP         
 
New York, New York
February 18, 2010
 
F-2
 


REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
 
December 31, 2009 and 2008
(In thousands, except share data)
 
2009       2008
(Revised -
see Note 11)
ASSETS
Current assets
       Cash and cash equivalents $ 207,075 $ 247,796
       Marketable securities 134,255 226,954
       Accounts receivable from the sanofi-aventis Group 62,703 33,302
       Accounts receivable - other 2,865 1,910
       Prepaid expenses and other current assets 18,610 11,480
              Total current assets 425,508 521,442
Restricted cash 1,600 1,650
Marketable securities 47,080 51,061
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, net of accumulated
       depreciation and amortization 259,676 142,035
Other assets 7,338 8,032
              Total assets $ 741,202 $ 724,220
LIABILITIES and STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
       Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 49,031 $ 36,168
       Deferred revenue from sanofi-aventis, current portion 17,523 21,390
       Deferred revenue - other, current portion 27,021 26,114
              Total current liabilities 93,575 83,672
 
Deferred revenue from sanofi-aventis 90,933 105,586
Deferred revenue - other 46,951 56,835
Facility lease obligations 109,022 54,182
Other long term liabilities 3,959 2,431
              Total liabilities 344,440 302,706
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
       Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; issued
              and outstanding - none
       Class A Stock, convertible, $.001 par value: 40,000,000 shares authorized;
              shares issued and outstanding - 2,244,698 in 2009 and 2,248,698 in 2008 2 2
       Common Stock, $.001 par value; 160,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued
              and outstanding - 78,860,862 in 2009 and 77,642,203 in 2008 79 78
       Additional paid-in capital 1,336,732 1,294,813
       Accumulated deficit (941,095 ) (873,265 )
       Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1,044 (114 )
              Total stockholders’ equity 396,762 421,514
              Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 741,202 $ 724,220  
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
 
F-3
 


REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007
(In thousands except share data)
 
2009 2008 2007
(Revised - (Revised -
      see Note 11)       see Note 11)
Revenues
       Sanofi-aventis collaboration revenue $ 247,140 $ 153,972 $ 51,687
       Other collaboration revenue 67,317 31,166 35,961  
       Technology licensing 40,013 40,000 28,421
       Net product sales 18,364   6,249
       Contract research and other 6,434 7,070 8,955
  379,268 238,457   125,024
Expenses  
       Research and development   398,762 274,903 202,468
       Selling, general, and admistrative 52,923   48,880 37,929
       Cost of goods sold 1,686 923
  453,371 324,706 240,397
Loss from operations (74,103 ) (86,249 )   (115,373 )
Other income (expense)
       Investment income 4,488 18,161 20,897
       Interest expense (2,337 ) (7,752 ) (12,043 )
       Loss on early extinguishment of debt (938 )
  2,151 9,471 8,854
Net loss before income tax expense (71,952 ) (76,778 ) (106,519 )
 
Income tax (benefit) expense (4,122 ) 2,351
Net loss $ (67,830 ) $ (79,129 ) $ (106,519 )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.85 ) $ (1.00 ) $ (1.61 )
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted 79,782 78,827 66,334  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
 
F-4
 


REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007
(In thousands)
 
Accumulated
Additional Other Total
Class A Stock Common Stock Paid-in Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders’ Comprehensive
Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Income (Loss)   Equity   Loss
Balance, December 31, 2006 2,270   $2     63,131 $ 63 $ 904,407 $ (687,617 ) $ (231 ) $ 216,624
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with
       exercise of stock options, net of shares tendered 886 1 7,618 7,619  
Issuance of Common Stock to sanofi-aventis 12,000 12 311,988   312,000
Cost associated with issuance of equity securities to sanofi-aventis   (219 )   (219 )
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with      
       Company 401(k) Savings Plan contribution 65     1,367     1,367
Issuance of restricted Common Stock under            
       Long- Term Incentive Plan   500 1 (1 )  
Conversion of Class A Stock to Common Stock (10 ) 10    
Stock-based compensation expense   28,075 28,075
Net loss, 2007   (106,519 ) (106,519 ) $ (106,519 )
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities 401 401 401
 
Balance, December 31, 2007 (Revised- see Note 11) 2,260 2 76,592 77 1,253,235 (794,136 ) 170 459,348 $ (106,118 )
 
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with
       exercise of stock options, net of shares tendered 980 1 7,948 7,949
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with
       Company 401(k) Savings Plan contribution 59 1,107 1,107
Conversion of Class A Stock to Common Stock (11 ) 11
Stock-based compensation expense 32,523 32,523
Net loss, 2008 (79,129 ) (79,129 ) $ (79,129 )
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities (284 ) (284 ) (284 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2008 (Revised - see Note 11) 2,249 2 77,642 78 1,294,813 (873,265 ) (114 ) 421,514 $ (79,413 )
 
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with
       exercise of stock options, net of shares tendered 1,134 1 9,269 9,270
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with
       Company 401(k) Savings Plan contribution 81 1,391 1,391
Conversion of Class A Stock to Common Stock (4 ) 4
Stock-based compensation expense 31,259 31,259
Net loss, 2009 (67,830 ) (67,830 ) $ (67,830 )
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities,
       net of tax effect of $0.7 million 1,158 1,158 1,158
 
Balance, December 31, 2009 2,245   $2 78,861 $ 79 $ 1,336,732 $ (941,095 ) $ 1,044 $ 396,762 $ (66,672 )
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
 
F-5
 


REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007
 
2009 2008 2007
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities          
       Net loss $ (67,830 ) $ (79,129 ) $ (106,519 )
       Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in)
              provided by operating activities  
              Depreciation and amortization 14,247 11,287 11,487
              Non-cash compensation expense 31,259 32,523 28,075
              Other non-cash expenses (382 )
              Loss on early extinguishment of debt 938
              Net realized (gain) loss on marketable securities (56 ) 1,310 5,943
              Changes in assets and liabilities
                     Increase in accounts receivable (30,356 ) (16,892 ) (10,827 )
                     Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (4,574 ) (6,560 ) (9,649 )
                     (Decrease) increase in deferred revenue (27,497 ) (26,834 ) 89,764
                     Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses,  
                            and other liabilities 12,959 (5,729 ) 19,098
                                   Total adjustments (4,400 ) (9,957 ) 133,891
                                   Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (72,230 ) (89,086 ) 27,372
 
Cash flows from investing activities
       Purchases of marketable securities (199,997 ) (581,139 ) (594,446 )
       Sales or maturities of marketable securities 297,411 646,861   527,169
       Capital expenditures (97,318 ) (34,857 ) (18,446 )
       Decrease (increase) in restricted cash 50 (50 )
                                   Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 146 30,815 (85,723 )
 
Cash flows from financing activities
       Repurchases or repayment of notes payable (200,807 )
       Proceeds in connection with facility lease obligation 23,640
       Payments in connection with facility lease obligation (875 )
       Net proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock 8,598 7,949 319,400
                                   Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 31,363 (192,858 ) 319,400
 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (40,721 ) (251,129 ) 261,049
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 247,796 498,925 237,876
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 207,075 $ 247,796 $ 498,925
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
       Cash paid for interest $