FORM S-4
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2002
Registration No. 333-
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
PLUG POWER INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as
Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware |
|
3629 |
|
22-3672377 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
|
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
|
(I.R.S. Employer Identification
Number) |
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York 12110
(518) 782-7700
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Roger Saillant
President and Chief Executive Officer
Plug Power Inc.
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York 12110
(518) 782-7700
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies to:
Stuart M. Cable, P.C. Robert P.
Whalen, Jr., P.C. Goodwin Procter LLP Exchange
Place Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (617)
570-1000 |
|
Merrill M. Kraines, Esq. Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P. 666 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10103 (212) 318-3000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as possible after
the effective date of this registration statement and the consummation of the merger described in this registration statement.
If the
securities being registered on this form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. ¨
If this form is filed to register additional
securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement number for the same offering.
¨
If this form
is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
¨
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Securities to be Registered |
|
Amount to be Registered(1) |
|
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share |
|
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2) |
|
Amount of Registration Fee(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |
|
10,669,107 |
|
N/A |
|
$48,004,980 |
|
$4,417 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents the estimated maximum number of shares of common stock of the registrant that may be issued pursuant to the merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of
the registrant into H Power Corp. This registration statement also relates to an indeterminate number of shares of the registrants common stock that may be issued upon stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions in accordance with
Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
(2) |
|
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rules 457(c) and 457(f) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Based upon the average of the high and low sales prices for H Power Corp. common stock on November 21, 2002 as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, and the maximum number of shares of H Power Corp. common stock to be acquired by Plug Power in the
merger (assuming exercise of all outstanding options to acquire H Power Corp. common stock). |
The registrant hereby
amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective
in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
[PLUG POWER LOGO] |
[H POWER LOGO] |
The
boards of directors of Plug Power Inc. and H Power Corp. have each approved an agreement and plan of merger that would result in H Power becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power.
The board of directors of each company believes that the merger is advisable and in the best interests of its stockholders. The board of directors of H Power unanimously
recommends that its stockholders vote to adopt and approve the merger agreement and approve the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, and the board of directors of Plug Power unanimously recommends that its stockholders vote to approve
the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement.
If the merger agreement is
adopted and approved and the merger is subsequently completed, and you are an H Power stockholder, it is estimated that you will receive approximately .80 shares of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock you own. This amount,
however, is an estimate and the actual amount of shares of Plug Power common stock you will receive in the merger will depend upon certain factors described in the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus. You will also receive cash, without
interest, rather than a fractional share of Plug Power common stock that you otherwise would be entitled to receive in the merger. Plug Power common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol PLUG. At your
stockholders meeting, you will be asked to vote on the merger agreement, the merger and the other matters and transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
If you are a Plug Power stockholder, after the merger you will continue to own your existing shares of Plug Power common stock. At your stockholders meeting, you will be asked to vote on the issuance
of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger.
Stockholders of Plug Power are also being asked to vote upon
a proposal to permit Plug Powers employees to exchange options to purchase shares of Plug Power common stock held by them for shares of restricted common stock of Plug Power, in accordance with the terms and conditions described in the
accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus. The board of directors of Plug Power believes that the proposed stock option exchange is advisable and in the best interests of its stockholders and unanimously recommends that Plug Power stockholders
vote to approve the stock option exchange.
Your Vote is Very Important. Whether or
not you plan to attend your companys stockholders meeting, please take the time to vote on the proposal(s) submitted for your companys meeting by completing and mailing the enclosed proxy card to us. If you sign, date and mail your
proxy card without indicating how you wish to vote, your proxy will be counted as a vote in favor of the proposal(s) submitted at your meeting. If you are an H Power stockholder, failure to return or sign your proxy card will have the effect of a
vote against the merger agreement and the merger, unless you attend your stockholders meeting and vote in person. If you are a Plug Power stockholder, failure to return or sign your proxy card will have no effect on the proposal to issue shares of
Plug Power common stock in the merger and no effect on the proposal to exchange Plug Power options for shares of restricted stock of Plug Power.
The dates, times and places of the stockholders meetings are as follows:
For Plug Power Inc. stockholders: , 2003 at a.m. local time, at the Albany
Marriott, 189 Wolf Road, Albany, New York.
For H Power Corp. stockholders:
, 2003 at local time at
.
Following this letter you will find a formal notice of the special meeting of each companys stockholders and a joint proxy statement/prospectus. The joint proxy statement/prospectus provides you
with detailed information concerning the merger agreement, the merger, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, the proposed stock option exchange and Plug Power and H Power. You may also obtain more
information about Plug Power and H Power from documents that each company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Dr. Roger B. Saillant |
|
Dr. H. Frank Gibbard |
President and Chief Executive Officer of Plug Power Inc. |
|
Chief Executive Officer of H Power Corp. |
Please give all of the information contained or incorporated by
reference in the joint proxy statement/prospectus your careful attention. In particular, you should carefully consider the discussion in the section entitled Risk Factors beginning on page 26 of the joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the shares to be issued under, or passed upon the adequacy of, this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the
contrary is a criminal offense.
The accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated
, 2002 and was first mailed to stockholders of Plug Power and H Power on or about , 2002.
PLUG POWER INC.
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, NY 12110
(518) 782-7700
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
to be held on
, 2003
To the Stockholders of Plug Power Inc.:
A special meeting of stockholders of Plug Power Inc. will be held on , 2003 at
a.m., local time, at the Albany Marriott, 189 Wolf Road, Albany, New York. The board of directors asks you to attend this
meeting (in person or by proxy) for the following purposes:
|
1. |
|
To consider and vote on a proposal to approve the issuance of shares of common stock of Plug Power Inc. pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as
of November 11, 2002, by and among Plug Power Inc., a Delaware corporation, Monmouth Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power Inc., and H Power Corp., a Delaware corporation, as amended, a copy of which
is attached as Annex A to the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus. |
|
2. |
|
To consider and vote on a proposal to exchange options to purchase shares of common stock of Plug Power Inc. held by its employees for shares of restricted
common stock of Plug Power Inc., in accordance with the terms and conditions described in the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus. |
|
3. |
|
To transact any other business as may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the special meeting.
|
Only stockholders of record of Plug Power Inc. as of the close of business on
are entitled to notice of, and will be entitled to vote at, the special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Approval of each of the proposals will require the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Plug Power common stock present in person or by proxy at the special meeting.
We invite you to attend the special meeting because it is important that your shares be represented at the meeting. Whether or not you plan to attend the special meeting, please sign, date and
return the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying postage-paid envelope. Please note that, by delivering a proxy to vote at the special meeting, you are also granting a proxy to vote at any adjournments or postponements of the special meeting. If
you attend the meeting, you may vote in person, which will revoke a signed proxy if you have already sent one in. You may also revoke your proxy at any time before the meeting in the manner described in the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
BY THE ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS,
Roger Saillant,
President and Chief Executive Officer
Latham, New York
, 2003
H POWER CORP.
60 Montgomery Street
Belleville, New Jersey 07109
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
to be held on , 2003
To the Stockholders of H Power Corp.:
A special meeting of stockholders of H Power will be held on , 2003, at
a.m., local time, at , for the following purposes:
|
1. |
|
To consider and vote on a proposal to adopt and approve the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 11, 2002, by and among Plug Power Inc., a
Delaware corporation, Monmouth Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power, and H Power Corp., a Delaware corporation, as amended, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus, and to approve the merger as contemplated by the merger agreement. |
|
2. |
|
To transact any other business that may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting.
|
Only stockholders of record of H Power common stock at the close of business on
, 2003 are entitled to notice of, and will be entitled to vote at, the special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Approval of the merger agreement will require
the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting.
Your vote is important. To ensure that your shares are represented at the special meeting, you are urged to complete, date and sign the enclosed proxy card and mail it promptly in the postage-prepaid envelope provided, whether or
not you plan to attend the special meeting in person. You may revoke your proxy in the manner described in the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus at any time before it has been voted at the special meeting. If you attend the special
meeting, you may vote in person even if you returned a proxy.
BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
Dr. H. Frank Gibbard
Chief Executive Officer
Belleville, New Jersey
, 2003
Please do not send your stock certificates at this time. If the merger is completed, you will be sent instructions regarding the surrender of your stock certificates.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This joint proxy statement/prospectus incorporates important business and financial information about Plug Power from other documents that are not included in or delivered
with this document. We have listed the documents containing this information on page 154. This information is available to you without charge upon your written or oral request. You can obtain those documents relating to Plug Power, which are
incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, or any documents referred to in this joint proxy statement/prospectus relating to H Power by requesting them in writing or by telephone from the appropriate company at the following
addresses and telephone numbers:
Plug Power Inc. |
|
H Power Corp. |
968 Albany-Shaker Road |
|
60 Montgomery Street |
Latham, New York 12110 |
|
Belleville, NJ 07109 |
Attn: W. Mark Schmitz Chief Financial
Officer |
|
Attn: William Zang Chief Financial
Officer |
(518) 782-7700 |
|
(973) 450-4400 |
If you would like to request documents, you must do so by
January , 2003 in order to receive them before the special meeting of your companys stockholders. You will not be charged for any of these documents that you request.
For additional information regarding where you can find information about Plug Power and H Power, please see the section entitled
Where You Can Find Additional Information beginning on page 153 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus with respect to H Power and its subsidiaries was provided by H
Power and the information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus with respect to Plug Power and its subsidiaries was provided by Plug Power.
|
|
Page
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
26 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
44 |
|
|
44 |
|
|
44 |
|
|
45 |
|
|
45 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
50 |
|
|
50 |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
51 |
|
|
57 |
|
|
67 |
|
|
68 |
|
|
75 |
|
|
94 |
|
|
95 |
|
|
98 |
(i)
|
|
Page
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
98 |
|
|
99 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
102 |
|
|
103 |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
108 |
|
|
109 |
|
|
111 |
|
|
111 |
|
|
113 |
|
|
113 |
|
|
115 |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
F-1 |
|
|
|
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger |
|
|
|
|
Form of Voting Agreement |
|
|
|
|
Opinion of Lehman Brothers Inc. |
|
|
|
|
Opinion of Stephens Inc. |
|
|
|
|
Plug Power 1999 Stock Option and Incentive Plan |
|
|
|
|
Plug Power 1997 Membership Option Plan |
(ii)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER
Q: |
|
Why are Plug Power and H Power proposing the merger? (See pages 57 and 68) |
A: |
|
Plug Power and H Power are proposing the merger because they believe the resulting combined company will be a stronger, better capitalized and more competitive
company. Plug Power and H Power believe that the merger will provide significant potential benefits and resources, including: |
|
|
|
cash resources to fund the combined companys growth and development; |
|
|
|
benefits created from the complementary resources of Plug Power and H Power, including complementary financial, technology and intellectual property resources;
and |
|
|
|
potential synergy benefits from cost savings and integration of the companies strategic partners and suppliers. |
|
Overall, |
|
both Plug Power and H Power believe that the merger will provide added value to their respective stockholders. Achieving these anticipated benefits, however, is
subject to certain risks discussed in Risk Factors beginning on page 26. |
Q: |
|
What will I receive in the merger? (See page 75) |
|
|
If the merger is completed, Plug Power and H Power estimate that each H Power stockholder will receive approximately .80 shares of Plug Power common stock
for each share of H Power common stock, based on the factors described below, each calculated as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This amount is an estimate, however, as the exchange ratio for H Power common stock is determined
based in part on: |
|
|
|
the number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger; |
|
|
|
the average trading price for shares of Plug Power common stock for 10 randomly selected days in the 20 trading day period ending on the second trading day
prior to the effective time of the merger; and |
|
|
|
the transaction value price, which is determined based on the value of H Powers net cash (as defined in the merger agreement) at the effective time of the
merger. |
|
|
As a result, the number of shares of Plug Power common stock that each H Power stockholder will receive for each share of H Power common stock may be different
than .80. For example, if H Powers net cash (as defined in the merger agreement) is equal to $36,675,000 then the number of shares of Plug Power common stock that each H Power stockholder will receive for each share of H Power common
stock will, depending on the number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and the average Plug Power common stock price, range between .73 and .89. Each H Power stockholder will also
receive cash, without interest, rather than a fractional share of Plug Power common stock that he, she or it would otherwise be entitled to receive in the merger. |
|
|
For a description of how the exchange ratio will be determined, and examples of the exchange ratio based on assumptions regarding H Powers net cash and
the average Plug Power common stock price, each at the effective time of the merger, see the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus titled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementConversion of H Power
Common Stock in the Merger. Prior to each companys respective special meeting of stockholders, the current estimated exchange ratio will be posted on Plug Powers website at www.plugpower.com and on H Powers website at
www.hpower.com. |
Plug Power Stockholders:
If you own shares of Plug Power common stock immediately prior to the merger, you will
1
continue to own those shares immediately after the merger. Based on the initial exchange ratio of .80, which is subject to adjustment, Plug Power stockholders immediately prior to the merger will
hold approximately 85.5% of the outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock when the merger is complete.
Q: |
|
Will H Power stockholders be able to trade the Plug Power common stock that they receive in the merger? (See page 100) |
A: |
|
Yes. The Plug Power common stock issued in the merger will be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and listed on the Nasdaq National Market
under the symbol PLUG. All shares of Plug Power common stock that you receive in the merger will be freely transferable unless you are deemed to be an affiliate of H Power prior to the completion of the merger or an affiliate of Plug
Power after the completion of the merger, or your shares are subject to other contractual restrictions. Shares of Plug Power common stock received by persons deemed to be affiliates in the merger may only be sold in compliance with Rule 145 under
the Securities Act or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Act. |
Q: |
|
When do Plug Power and H Power expect to complete the merger? |
A: |
|
Plug Power and H Power expect to complete the merger when all of the conditions to completion of the merger contained in the merger agreement have been
satisfied or waived. The stockholders of H Power must approve the merger agreement and the merger at their special stockholders meeting and the stockholders of Plug Power must approve the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the
merger agreement at their special stockholders meeting. |
Plug Power and H Power are working
toward satisfying these conditions and completing the merger as soon as practicable. Plug Power and H Power currently plan to complete the merger in the first quarter of 2003 following the respective special meetings of Plug Powers and H
Powers stockholders, assuming the H Power stockholders approve the merger and the merger agreement, the Plug Power stockholders approve the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and the other merger
conditions are satisfied. However, because the merger is subject to some conditions which are beyond Plug Powers and H Powers control, the exact timing cannot be predicted.
Q: |
|
What happens if the merger is not completed? (See page 91) |
A: |
|
If the merger is not completed, each of Plug Power and H Power will continue as independent companies. In addition, under the terms of the merger agreement, H
Power may be required to pay Plug Power a termination fee of $2,000,000. Also, each party may be required to reimburse the other for out-of-pocket expenses, including legal, accounting, investment banking, printing and other fees, related to this
transaction if the merger is not completed. For a more complete discussion of requirements relating to payments of fees and expenses by each of Plug Power and H Power see the section entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger
AgreementPayment of Termination Fee and Expenses in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. |
Q: |
|
What vote is required to approve the merger? (See page 48) |
A: |
|
Approval of the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of H Power common stock as of the record date. Although the approval of the stockholders of Plug Power is not required to effect the merger pursuant to Delaware general corporation law, Plug Powers organizational documents
or any other regulatory or listing requirements applicable to Plug Power, the board of directors of Plug Power has determined that the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement will be subject to, and the merger
agreement requires, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Plug Power common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders on such matter. In
|
2
|
addition, approval of the stock option exchange is subject to the same voting requirement as the merger. |
The board of directors of H Power has approved the merger agreement and the merger. The board of directors of Plug Power has approved the merger agreement and merger
including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, and has approved the stock option exchange.
Q: |
|
How do I vote on the merger? (See pages 46 and 49) |
A: |
|
First, please review the information contained or incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the annexes, as it contains
important information about Plug Power, H Power and the merger. It also contains important information about what each of the boards of directors of Plug Power and H Power, respectively, considered in evaluating the merger. Next, complete and sign
the enclosed proxy card, and then mail it in the enclosed return envelope as soon as possible so that your shares can be voted at your companys special meeting of stockholders at which, in the case of H Power, the merger agreement and the
merger will be presented and voted upon, or, in the case of Plug Power, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and the approval of the stock option exchange will be presented and voted upon. You may also
attend the special meeting of your company in person and vote at the special meeting instead of submitting a proxy. |
Q: |
|
What happens if I dont indicate how to vote my proxy? (See pages 45 and 48) |
A: |
|
If you sign and send in your proxy, but do not include instructions on how to vote your properly signed proxy card, your shares will be voted FOR adoption and
approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger if you are an H Power stockholder or FOR the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and FOR the stock option exchange if you are a Plug Power
stockholder. |
Q: |
|
What happens if I dont return a proxy card? (See pages 45 and 48) |
A: |
|
If you are a stockholder of H Power, not returning your proxy card will have the same effect as voting against adoption and approval of the merger agreement and
against approval of the merger. If you are a stockholder of Plug Power, not returning your proxy card will have no effect as to the approval of the proposal to issue shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement or the proposal
to approve the stock option exchange. |
Q: |
|
Can I change my vote after I have mailed my signed proxy card? (See pages 46 and 49) |
A: |
|
Yes. You can change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at the special meeting of your companys stockholders at which, in the case of H
Power, the merger agreement and the merger will be presented and voted upon, and in the case of Plug Power, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and the proposal to approve the stock option exchange will
be presented and voted upon. You can do this in one of three ways: |
|
|
|
first, you can send a written notice stating that you would like to revoke your proxy to the appropriate address below; |
|
|
|
second, you can complete and submit a later-dated proxy card to the appropriate address below; or |
|
|
|
third, you can attend the special meeting of Plug Power or H Power, as appropriate, and vote in person. Your attendance at the special meeting alone will not
revoke your proxy. You must vote at the special meeting in order to revoke your previously submitted proxy. |
You should send any notice of revocation or your completed new proxy card, as the case may be, to:
For Plug Power Stockholders:
Plug Power Inc.
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York
12110
Attn: W. Mark Schmitz,
Chief Financial Officer
3
For H Power Stockholders:
H Power Corp.
60 Montgomery Street
Belleville, NJ 07109
Attn: William Zang
Chief Financial Officer
Q: |
|
Can I submit my proxy by telephone or over the Internet? |
A: |
|
If you hold your shares through a bank or brokerage firm, you may be able to submit your proxy by telephone or over the Internet. You should refer to the proxy
card included with your materials for instructions about how to vote. If you vote by telephone or over the Internet, you do not need to complete and mail your proxy card. If you hold shares directly, then you may not vote by telephone or over the
Internet. |
Q: |
|
If my broker holds my shares in street name, will my broker vote my shares for me? (See pages 46 and 49) |
A: |
|
No. Your broker will not be able to vote your shares without instructions from you. If you do not provide your broker with voting instructions, your shares may
be considered present at the special meeting for purposes of determining a quorum, but will not be considered to have been voted in favor of adoption and approval of the merger agreement or approval of the merger, in the case of H Power
stockholders, or in favor of approval of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement or approval of the stock option exchange, in the case of Plug Power stockholders. As a result, failure to provide your broker
with voting instructions will have the effect of a vote against the merger agreement and against the approval of the merger if you are a stockholder of H Power, or the effect of a vote against approval of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common
stock pursuant to the merger agreement and against the stock option exchange if you are stockholder of Plug Power. If you have instructed a broker to vote your shares and wish to change your vote, you must follow the directions received from your
broker to change those instructions. |
Q: |
|
Should I send my H Power stock certificates now? (See page 79) |
A: |
|
No. If the merger is completed, Plug Power will send you written instructions for exchanging your H Power stock certificates for Plug Power stock certificates.
In the meantime, you should retain your certificates as the H Power stock certificates are still valid. Please do not send in your stock certificates with your proxy. If you send your stock certificates to Plug Power, Plug Power assumes no risk of
loss. |
Q: |
|
Am I entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the merger? (See page 100) |
A: |
|
No. Appraisal rights are not available under applicable law in connection with the merger. |
Q: |
|
Are there any risks I should consider in deciding whether to vote for the merger or the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in connection with the
merger? |
A: |
|
Yes. In the section entitled Risk Factors beginning on page 26 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, Plug Power and H Power have described a
number of risk factors that you should consider. |
Q: |
|
What are the tax consequences to me of the merger? (See page 95) |
A: |
|
Plug Power and H Power intend to treat the merger in such a manner that receipt of Plug Power common stock in the merger would be tax-free to H Powers
stockholders. However, it is unclear whether the merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization, and thus it is possible that the H Power stockholders will be required to recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in connection
with the merger. We urge you to consider carefully the discussion of the tax consequences related to the merger and to review these tax consequences with your tax advisor. |
4
Q: |
|
Who can help answer my questions about the proposals? |
A: |
|
If you have any questions about the proposals presented in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, you should contact: |
For Plug Power Stockholders:
Plug Power Inc.
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York 12110
Attn: W. Mark Schmitz
Chief Financial Officer
(518) 782-7700
For H Power Stockholders:
H Power Corp.
60 Montgomery Street
Belleville, NJ 07109
Attn: William Zang
Chief Financial Officer
(973) 450-4400
5
The following is a summary of the information contained in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus. This summary may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire joint proxy statement/prospectus and the other documents referred to for a more complete understanding of the
merger and related transactions. In particular, you should read the annexes attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the merger agreement, as amended, which is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. We have
included page references in parentheses to direct you to a more complete description of the topics presented in this summary. In addition, Plug Power incorporates by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus important business and
financial information. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus without charge by following the instructions in the section entitled Where You Can Find Additional Information
beginning on page 153 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The Companies
PLUG POWER
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York 12110
(518) 782-7700
www.plugpower.com
Plug Power was originally formed as a joint
venture between Edison Development Corporation and Mechanical Technology Incorporated in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997 and succeeded by merger to all of the assets, liabilities and equity of Plug Power, L.L.C. in November 1999.
Plug Power is a development stage enterprise formed to research, develop, manufacture and distribute on-site
electric power generation systems utilizing proton exchange membrane fuel cells for stationary applications and is in the preliminary stages of field testing and marketing its initial commercial product to a limited number of customers, including
utilities, government entities and its distribution partners, GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC and DTE Energy Technologies, Inc. This initial product is a limited edition fuel cell system that is intended to offer complementary, quality power while
demonstrating the market value of fuel cells as a preferred form of alternative distributed power generation. Plug Power anticipates subsequent enhancements to its fuel cell systems, including development of its next generation systems, which it
expects will expand the market opportunity for fuel cells by lowering the installed cost, decreasing operating and maintenance costs, increasing efficiency, improving reliability, and adding features such as grid independence and co-generation of
heat and electric power.
For more information on the business of Plug Power, please refer to Plug Powers
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 and Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2002. Please refer to the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled Where You Can Find Additional
Information on page 153 in order to find out where you can obtain copies of Plug Powers Annual Report as well as the other documents Plug Power files with the SEC.
H POWER CORP.
60 Montgomery Street
Belleville, NJ 07109
(973) 450-4400
www.hpower.com
H Power was organized on June 6, 1989 under the laws of the State of Delaware.
6
H Power designs, develops, markets and manufactures proton-exchange membrane fuel
cells and fuel cell systems. Fuel cells are devices that produce electrical energy without combustion and its associated environmental contaminants. The fuel cell systems H Power makes and markets are designed to complement or replace conventional
power sources, such as batteries and electric power generators. The use of alternative electric power systems is desirable in situations where conventional power sources cannot adequately, economically or technologically supply the power required.
For more information on the business of H Power, please refer to the section of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus entitled Information About H Power beginning on page 117.
MONMOUTH ACQUISITION CORP.
968 Albany-Shaker Road
Latham, New York 12110
(518) 782-7700
Monmouth Acquisition Corp.
was formed on November 1, 2002 as a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power. Monmouth was formed solely to effect the merger and has not conducted any business during the period of its existence.
Voting Requirements for the Merger (See pages 45 and 48)
In order to complete the merger, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock as of the record date must vote to adopt and approve the merger agreement and approve the
merger. Holders of H Power common stock will be entitled to cast one vote per share of H Power common stock owned as of the record date for the H Power special meeting of
stockholders at which the merger agreement and the merger will be presented and voted upon.
Although the approval
of the stockholders of Plug Power is not required to effect the merger pursuant to Delaware general corporation law, Plug Powers organizational documents or any other regulatory or listing requirements applicable to Plug Power, the board of
directors of Plug Power has determined that the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement shall be subject to, and the merger agreement requires, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders on such matter. Approval of the stock option exchange is subject to the same voting requirement. Holders of
Plug Power common stock will be entitled to cast one vote per share of Plug Power common stock owned as of the record date for the Plug Power special meeting of stockholders at
which the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and the stock option exchange will be presented and voted upon.
Share Ownership of H Power Directors and Officers (See page 138)
As of the close of
business on the record date for the special meeting of H Power stockholders at which the merger agreement and the merger will be presented and voted upon, directors and officers of H Power (and their respective affiliates) collectively owned
approximately 2.0% of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting on the merger agreement and the merger. This does not include 305,126 shares of H Power common stock issuable upon the exercise of presently
exercisable options which these directors and officers beneficially own. If all of these stock options had been exercised prior to the record date for the special meeting, the directors and executive officers of H Power (and their respective
affiliates) would collectively own approximately 4.7% of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting. Two members of H Power management and an affiliate of H Power have entered into voting agreements with
Plug Power under which they have agreed, among other things, to vote their shares of H Power common stock in favor of adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger.
7
Share Ownership of Plug Power Directors and Officers (See page 142)
As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders at which the issuance of shares of Plug
Power common stock pursuant to the merger and the stock option exchange will be presented and voted upon, directors and officers of Plug Power (and their respective affiliates) collectively owned approximately 60.5% of the outstanding shares of Plug
Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting.
This does not include 2,150,172 shares of Plug Power
common stock issuable upon the exercise of presently exercisable options which these directors and officers beneficially own. If all of these stock options had been exercised prior to the record date for the special meeting, the directors and
executive officers of Plug Power (and their respective affiliates) would collectively beneficially own approximately 62.1% of the outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting.
Board Recommendations to Stockholders and Reasons for the Merger
Recommendation of H Powers Board of Directors (See page 60)
After careful consideration, H Powers board of directors unanimously determined that the merger is advisable, in the best interests of H Powers stockholders, and is on terms that are fair to the stockholders of
H Power. Accordingly, H Powers board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger and recommends that its stockholders vote FOR adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger.
H Powers Reasons for the Merger (See page 57)
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, H Powers board of directors identified
several potential benefits and material factors pertaining to the merger, including the following:
|
|
|
increased visibility and market capitalization of the combined entity; |
|
|
|
increased financial strength of the combined entity; |
|
|
|
greater intellectual property and technical resources of the combined entity; |
|
|
|
the fact that the proposed exchange ratio offers a significant premium to H Power stockholders relative to H Powers stock price;
|
|
|
|
the risks of remaining an independent entity, and the lack of definitiveness of any financing proposal; and |
|
|
|
the opinion of Lehman Brothers that, as of the date of such opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth
therein, the exchange ratio offered to the holders of H Power common stock in the merger was fair from a financial point of view to such holders. |
The H Power board of directors also identified a number of potentially negative factors, including the following:
|
|
|
risks associated with fluctuations in Plug Powers stock price prior to the merger; |
|
|
|
the risk of disruption of sales momentum and H Powers operations as a result of uncertainties created by the announcement of the merger;
|
|
|
|
the risk that certain conditions in the merger agreement may have the effect of discouraging alternative proposals for a business combination with another third
party; |
8
|
|
|
the interests of the directors and officers that are different from, or in addition to, those of H Powers stockholders generally, including the receipt of
change of control payments under the employment agreements with certain executive officers of H Power; and |
|
|
|
other applicable risks described in the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled Risk Factors on page 26.
|
The H Power board of directors did not believe that the negative factors were sufficient, individually or in
the aggregate, to outweigh the potential benefits of the merger.
Recommendation of Plug Powers Board of
Directors (See page 71)
After careful consideration, Plug Powers board of directors unanimously
determined that the merger, including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, is advisable and in the best interests of Plug Powers stockholders. Accordingly, Plug
Powers board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger, including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, and recommends that its stockholders
vote FOR the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger pursuant to the merger agreement.
Plug Powers Reasons for the Merger (See page 68)
In reaching its decision to approve
the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, Plug Powers board of directors considered
several potential benefits and material factors pertaining to the merger, including the following:
|
|
|
the opinion of Stephens Inc., Plug Powers financial advisor, to the effect that as of November 11, 2002, the exchange ratio set forth in the merger
agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to Plug Power; |
|
|
|
H Powers cash reserves and Plug Powers belief that the addition of such cash reserves to its own balance sheet would provide Plug Power with
sufficient cash to help fund operations; |
|
|
|
H Powers intellectual property, technical resources and other assets; |
|
|
|
the opportunity to enhance stockholder value by combining two complementary businesses; |
|
|
|
the belief that the merger represents the most favorable alternative currently available to Plug Power to increase its capital resources and further its
financing and business objectives; |
|
|
|
the belief that the combined company will be in a better position to continue to compete effectively in the fuel cell industry; |
|
|
|
the terms of the merger agreement, including Plug Powers right to receive a $2,000,000 termination fee or to be reimbursed for its expenses in the event
that it terminates the merger agreement under certain circumstances; and |
|
|
|
potential synergy benefits, including cost savings and access to H Powers partners and suppliers. |
The Plug Power board of directors also considered a number of potentially negative factors, including the following:
|
|
|
the risk that the potential benefits of the merger may not be realized, in part or at all; |
9
|
|
|
the risk that the merger may not be consummated; |
|
|
|
the risk of management and employee disruption associated with the merger; |
|
|
|
the potential costs the combined company may incur to (1) terminate, renegotiate or amend H Powers existing obligations, including real estate and
facility leases, (2) streamline the combined companys business, (3) reduce excess capacity, including terminating employees and (4) eliminate redundant operations, including the consolidation of H Powers operations into Plug Powers
headquarters in Latham, New York. |
|
|
|
the dilutive effects of the merger upon existing Plug Power stockholders; |
|
|
|
the risk that the merger could adversely affect Plug Powers stock price or Plug Powers relationship with some of its existing or potential
customers, suppliers or strategic partners; |
|
|
|
the significant costs involved in consummating the merger; and |
|
|
|
other applicable risks described in the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled Risk Factors on page 26.
|
The Plug Power board of directors did not believe that the negative factors were sufficient, individually or
in the aggregate, to outweigh the potential benefits of the merger.
Opinions of Financial Advisors
Opinion of Financial Advisor to H Power (See page 60)
In deciding to approve the merger, the H Power board of directors considered an opinion from its financial advisor, Lehman Brothers Inc. On November 11, 2002, Lehman
Brothers delivered its written opinion to the board of directors of H Power that, as of the date of such opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth therein, the exchange ratio offered to the
holders of H Power common stock in the merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.
The full
text of the Lehman Brothers written opinion is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C. We encourage you to read the opinion carefully as well as the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled The
Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the Merger by H Powers Board of DirectorsOpinion of H Powers Financial Advisor. The opinion of Lehman Brothers does not constitute a recommendation as to how any holder of
H Power common stock should vote with respect to the merger agreement and the merger.
Opinion of Financial
Advisor to Plug Power (See page 71)
In deciding to approve the merger, the Plug Power board of directors
considered an opinion from its financial advisor, Stephens Inc. that, as of November 11, 2002, the exchange ratio set forth in the merger agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to Plug Power.
The full text of Stephens written opinion is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D. We encourage you to read
the opinion carefully as well as the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the Merger by Plug Powers Board of DirectorsOpinion of Plug Powers
Financial Advisor. The opinion of Stephens does not constitute a recommendation as to how any holder of Plug Power common stock should vote on the merger.
10
Interests of H Powers Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger (See page 67)
Some of H Powers directors and officers have interests in the merger that are different from, or in
addition to, those of H Power stockholders generally. For instance:
|
|
|
Dr. H. Frank Gibbard, chief executive officer of H Power, and William Zang, chief financial officer of H Power, have severance agreements effective upon a
change in control of H Power; |
|
|
|
certain other executive officers have change of control agreements effective upon a change in control of H Power; |
|
|
|
the vesting restrictions on certain outstanding options held by certain non-employee directors of H Power to purchase H Power common stock will accelerate
immediately prior to the merger; and |
|
|
|
Mr. Clark, a member of H Powers board of directors, is currently a vice-chairman of Lehman Brothers, which H Power has retained as its investment banker
with respect to the merger. |
H Powers board of directors was aware of these interests and
considered them, among other matters, when it approved the merger agreement and the merger.
Voting Agreements (See pages 94)
Two executive officers and an affiliate of H Power who collectively held an aggregate of approximately 12.2%
of H Powers total outstanding shares of common stock as of November 15, 2002 have agreed to vote their shares of H Power common stock in favor of the merger agreement and the merger.
Structure and Effects of the Merger (See page 75)
At the completion of the merger, Monmouth will merge with and into H Power and H Power will survive the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power.
As a result of the merger, each outstanding share of H Power common stock will be converted into the right to receive a specific number of shares of Plug Power common
stock. The per share exchange ratio for H Power common stock will be determined based on, among other things, (1) the number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger; (2) the average Plug
Power common stock price, which is calculated based on the daily volume weighted average price of shares of Plug Power common stock for 10 randomly selected trading days in the 20 trading day period ending on the second trading day prior to the
effective time of the merger and (3) the transaction value price, which is determined based on, among other factors, H Powers net cash (as defined in the merger agreement) at the effective time of the merger. The manner in which this exchange
ratio will be calculated is described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The closing sale price of Plug Power common stock on the trading day prior to , 2002, the date of
printing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, was $ per share. Also, as of that date, there were 10,776,548 shares of H Power common stock outstanding. Accordingly,
substituting the closing sale price of the Plug Power common stock on , 2002 for the average Plug Power common stock price, and assuming the transaction value price is
$50,675,000, there would result a hypothetical exchange ratio of approximately . This exchange ratio is an estimate, however, and will likely change at the completion of the
merger as a result of the factors described above. H Power stockholders will also receive cash, without interest, rather than a fractional share of Plug Power common stock that each otherwise would be entitled to receive in the merger.
At the completion of the merger, holders of shares of H Power common stock will hold shares of Plug Power common stock. As a
result, the rights of these holders following the merger will be governed by Plug Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws, rather than H Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as further described in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
11
Completion and Effectiveness of the Merger (See page 75)
Plug Power and H Power expect to complete the merger when all of the conditions to completion of the merger contained in the merger
agreement have been satisfied or waived.
Plug Power and H Power are working toward satisfying these conditions
and completing the merger as soon as practicable. Plug Power and H Power currently plan to complete the merger in the first quarter of 2003 following the respective special meetings of Plug Power stockholders and H Power stockholders, assuming the H
Power stockholders approve the merger and the merger agreement, the Plug Power stockholders approve the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and the other merger conditions are satisfied. However, because
the merger is subject to specified conditions, some of which are beyond Plug Powers and H Powers control, the exact timing cannot be predicted.
Assuming that the H Power stockholders approve the merger and the merger agreement, the Plug Power stockholders approve the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger
agreement and the other conditions to completion of the merger have been satisfied or waived, the merger will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Plug Power and
H Power expect to file the certificate of merger shortly following the special meeting of H Power stockholders at which the merger agreement and the merger will be presented and voted upon and the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders at
which the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger will be presented and voted upon.
H Power Prohibited from
Soliciting Other Offers (See page 84)
H Power has agreed that, while the merger is pending, it will not
solicit, initiate or encourage, or, except with respect to an unsolicited superior proposal (as defined in the merger agreement), engage in discussions with any third parties regarding, certain types of extraordinary transactions, such as a tender
offer, merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving H Power.
Conditions to Completion of the Merger (See page 88)
Plug Powers and H Powers obligations to complete the merger are subject to specified conditions
described under The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementConditions to Completion of the Merger.
Termination of the Merger Agreement and Payment of Termination Fee (See page 90)
Plug
Power and H Power may terminate the merger agreement by mutual agreement and under other circumstances specified in the merger agreement. Plug Power and H Power have agreed that if the merger agreement is terminated under certain circumstances
described under The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementPayment of Termination Fees and Expenses, H Power will pay Plug Power a termination fee of $2,000,000.
Plug Power and H Power have also agreed that if the merger agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, H Power or Plug Power, as
applicable, will reimburse the other party for its out-of-pocket expenses.
Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences of
the Merger (See page 95)
For federal income tax purposes, the transaction is intended to be tax-free to H
Power stockholders who receive shares of common stock of Plug Power in the merger (except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares), although it is unclear as to whether the merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization. No gain
or loss will be recognized by Plug Power or its stockholders as a result of the merger.
12
This tax treatment may not apply to all H Power stockholders. Determining the
actual tax consequences of the merger to you can be complicated. You should consult your own tax advisor for a full understanding of the tax consequences that are particular to you.
Accounting Treatment of the Merger (See page 98)
Plug Power will account for the merger using the purchase method of accounting and Plug Power will be considered the acquiror of H Power for accounting purposes. This method assumes that for financial reporting purposes, Plug Power
will treat both companies as one company beginning as of the date of the merger. In addition, under this method, Plug Power will record the fair value of H Powers net assets on its consolidated financial statements, with the remaining purchase
price in excess of fair value of H Powers net assets recorded as other intangibles, which will include goodwill.
Regulatory
Approvals Required to Complete the Merger (See page 98)
Plug Power and H Power are subject to the
requirements of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 with respect to the merger and will have made all necessary filings and applications to receive clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act as of the effective date of the
merger. Neither Plug Power nor H Power is aware of any other material governmental or regulatory approval required for completion of the merger, other than compliance with applicable corporate law of the State of Delaware and federal and state
securities laws.
Appraisal Rights (See page 100)
No appraisal rights are available to stockholders of Plug Power or H Power under applicable law in connection with the merger.
Restrictions on the Ability to Sell Plug Power Common Stock Received in the Merger (See page 99)
All shares of Plug Power common stock that you receive in the merger will be freely transferable unless you are deemed to be an affiliate of H Power prior to the
completion of the merger or an affiliate of Plug Power after the completion of the merger or your shares are subject to other contractual restrictions. Shares of Plug Power common stock received by persons deemed to be affiliates in the merger may
only be sold in compliance with Rule 145 under the Securities Act or as otherwise permitted under the Securities Act.
Listing of Plug
Power Common Stock (See page 152)
The shares of Plug Power common stock issued in connection with the merger
will be listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol PLUG.
13
PLUG POWER SUMMARY SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary selected
consolidated statement of operations data for each of the three fiscal years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and the summary selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2000 and 2001 set forth below, are derived from the
historical audited consolidated financial statements included in Plug Powers Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. The summary selected consolidated statement of operations data for the period June 27, 1997 to
December 31, 1997 and the year ended December 31, 1998 and the summary selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are derived from Plug Powers historical audited consolidated financial statements.
Plug Power derived the summary selected consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations data as of and for
the nine month periods ended September 30, 2001 and 2002 from its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These statements include, in the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair
statement of results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31,
2002. When you read the following summary historical data, it is important that you read it along with the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes in Plug Powers Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2001, Plug Powers quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, the section of Plug Powers Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled
Information About H PowerH Power Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other Plug Power documents to which we refer. See Where You Can Find Additional Information
on page 153.
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
1997*
|
|
|
1998
|
|
|
1999
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product and service revenue |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
2,574 |
|
|
$ |
437 |
|
|
$ |
7,381 |
|
Contract revenue |
|
|
1,194 |
|
|
|
6,541 |
|
|
|
11,000 |
|
|
|
8,378 |
|
|
|
3,168 |
|
|
|
2,800 |
|
|
|
1,060 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue |
|
|
1,194 |
|
|
|
6,541 |
|
|
|
11,000 |
|
|
|
8,378 |
|
|
|
5,742 |
|
|
|
3,237 |
|
|
|
8,441 |
|
Cost of contract revenue |
|
|
1,226 |
|
|
|
8,864 |
|
|
|
15,498 |
|
|
|
13,055 |
|
|
|
11,291 |
|
|
|
6,579 |
|
|
|
7,726 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
4,043 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,984 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncash stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
248 |
|
|
|
1,301 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
Other research and development |
|
|
1,301 |
|
|
|
4,633 |
|
|
|
20,506 |
|
|
|
65,657 |
|
|
|
59,299 |
|
|
|
46,690 |
|
|
|
29,406 |
|
General and administrative expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncash stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
3,228 |
|
|
|
7,595 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
|
311 |
|
|
|
415 |
|
Other general and administrative |
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
2,541 |
|
|
|
6,699 |
|
|
|
8,572 |
|
|
|
6,990 |
|
|
|
5,276 |
|
|
|
4,688 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
363 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss |
|
|
(6,006 |
) |
|
|
(9,709 |
) |
|
|
(35,121 |
) |
|
|
(92,096 |
) |
|
|
(73,901 |
) |
|
|
(56,203 |
) |
|
|
(34,390 |
) |
Interest income |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
3,124 |
|
|
|
8,181 |
|
|
|
4,070 |
|
|
|
3,092 |
|
|
|
1,434 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before equity in losses of affiliate |
|
|
(5,903 |
) |
|
|
(9,616 |
) |
|
|
(31,997 |
) |
|
|
(83,915 |
) |
|
|
(69,831 |
) |
|
|
(53,111 |
) |
|
|
(32,956 |
) |
Equity in losses of affiliate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,472 |
) |
|
|
(2,327 |
) |
|
|
(3,281 |
) |
|
|
(2,931 |
) |
|
|
(1,544 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(5,903 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,616 |
) |
|
$ |
(33,469 |
) |
|
$ |
(86,242 |
) |
|
$ |
(73,112 |
) |
|
$ |
(56,042 |
) |
|
$ |
(34,500 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.62 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.71 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.27 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.99 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.56 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.23 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.68 |
) |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
|
|
9,500 |
|
|
|
13,617 |
|
|
|
26,283 |
|
|
|
43,308 |
|
|
|
46,840 |
|
|
|
45,712 |
|
|
|
50,558 |
|
14
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
1997*
|
|
1998
|
|
1999
|
|
2000
|
|
2001
|
|
2001
|
|
2002
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
|
(unaudited) |
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (at end of the period) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
|
$ |
3,080 |
|
$ |
3,993 |
|
$ |
171,496 |
|
$ |
86,733 |
|
$ |
92,682 |
|
$ |
104,106 |
|
$ |
66,011 |
Working capital |
|
|
2,667 |
|
|
2,692 |
|
|
169,212 |
|
|
83,352 |
|
|
90,366 |
|
|
103,475 |
|
|
66,420 |
Total assets |
|
|
4,846 |
|
|
8,093 |
|
|
216,126 |
|
|
150,829 |
|
|
151,374 |
|
|
164,819 |
|
|
119,647 |
Current portion of long-term obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
553 |
|
|
577 |
|
|
530 |
|
|
330 |
|
|
317 |
Long-term obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,517 |
|
|
6,707 |
|
|
6,172 |
|
|
6,534 |
|
|
6,018 |
Stockholders equity |
|
|
3,597 |
|
|
5,493 |
|
|
201,407 |
|
|
134,131 |
|
|
135,003 |
|
|
150,548 |
|
|
104,655 |
* |
|
For the period June 27, 1997 (date of inception) to December 31, 1997 |
15
H POWER SUMMARY SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary selected
consolidated statement of operations data for each of the three fiscal years ended May 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 and the summary selected consolidated balance sheet data as of May 31, 2001 and 2002 set forth below, are derived from the historical
audited consolidated financial statements of H Power for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002 included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The summary selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the two years ended December
31, 1998 and 1999 and the summary selected balance sheet data as of May 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 are derived from H Powers historical audited consolidated financial statements.
H Power derived the summary selected consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations data as of and for the three month periods ended August 31, 2001 and 2002 from
its unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. These statements include, in the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of results in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The operating results for the three months ended August 31, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending May 31, 2003. When you read the
following summary historical data, it is important that you read it along with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements beginning on page F-1 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the section titled
Information About H PowerH Power Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. All share and per share data presented below have been
retroactively adjusted to reflect H Powers 1-for-5 reverse stock split effective October 16, 2002.
|
|
Years Ended May 31,
|
|
|
Three Months Ended August 31,
|
|
|
|
1998
|
|
|
1999
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
|
Consolidated statement of operations data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Products |
|
$ |
99 |
|
|
$ |
501 |
|
|
$ |
677 |
|
|
$ |
1,474 |
|
|
$ |
1,820 |
|
|
$ |
228 |
|
|
$ |
468 |
|
Contracts |
|
|
619 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
3,003 |
|
|
|
2,169 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
1,018 |
|
|
|
3,680 |
|
|
|
3,643 |
|
|
|
2,576 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenueproducts |
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
2,499 |
|
|
|
3,613 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
1,240 |
|
Cost of revenuecontracts |
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
2,609 |
|
|
|
2,994 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
Research and development |
|
|
2,813 |
|
|
|
3,051 |
|
|
|
5,339 |
|
|
|
13,466 |
|
|
|
18,905 |
|
|
|
5,937 |
|
|
|
3,774 |
|
Selling, general and administrative(1) |
|
|
3,514 |
|
|
|
3,813 |
|
|
|
12,565 |
|
|
|
11,846 |
|
|
|
9,158 |
|
|
|
2,058 |
|
|
|
2,790 |
|
Other costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
677 |
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
7,118 |
|
|
|
7,944 |
|
|
|
21,361 |
|
|
|
30,805 |
|
|
|
32,921 |
|
|
|
8,680 |
|
|
|
8,221 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations |
|
|
(6,400 |
) |
|
|
(6,926 |
) |
|
|
(17,681 |
) |
|
|
(27,162 |
) |
|
|
(30,345 |
) |
|
|
(8,309 |
) |
|
|
(7,278 |
) |
Interest and other income, net |
|
|
723 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
5,011 |
|
|
|
2,435 |
|
|
|
952 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(77 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Loss |
|
|
(5,718 |
) |
|
|
(6,766 |
) |
|
|
(17,012 |
) |
|
|
(22,151 |
) |
|
|
(27,915 |
) |
|
|
(7,357 |
) |
|
|
(6,992 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(5,928 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,976 |
) |
|
$ |
(17,222 |
) |
|
$ |
(22,192 |
) |
|
$ |
(27,915 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,357 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,992 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(1.02 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.20 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.47 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.20 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.59 |
) |
|
$ |
(.68 |
) |
|
$ |
(.65 |
) |
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
|
|
5,802 |
|
|
|
5,803 |
|
|
|
6,976 |
|
|
|
10,083 |
|
|
|
10,771 |
|
|
|
10,770 |
|
|
|
10,777 |
|
(1) |
|
Includes non-cash stock compensation expense of $4,400, $5,175 and $711 in the years ended May 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
|
16
|
|
As of May 31,
|
|
As of August 31,
|
|
|
1998
|
|
|
1999
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
|
2002
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(at end of the period) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
|
$ |
4,961 |
|
|
$ |
242 |
|
|
$ |
11,257 |
|
|
$ |
93,372 |
|
$ |
59,758 |
|
$ |
82,858 |
|
$ |
52,687 |
Total assets |
|
|
7,436 |
|
|
|
3,472 |
|
|
|
18,650 |
|
|
|
105,350 |
|
|
73,752 |
|
|
97,637 |
|
|
66,426 |
Long-term debt |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
125 |
|
|
64 |
|
|
119 |
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
|
$ |
(14,356 |
) |
|
$ |
(20,464 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,938 |
) |
|
$ |
97,424 |
|
$ |
69,737 |
|
$ |
90,141 |
|
$ |
62,588 |
17
SELECTED COMBINED COMPANY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following
selected unaudited pro forma combined financial information has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information and related notes included in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus on page 101. This information is based on the historical consolidated balance sheets and related historical consolidated statements of operations of Plug Power and the historical consolidated balance sheets and related
historical consolidated statements of operations of H Power, using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. This information is for illustrative purposes only. The companies may have performed differently had they always
been combined. You should not rely on the selected unaudited pro forma combined financial information as being indicative of the historical results that would have been achieved had the companies always been combined or the future results that the
combined company will experience after the merger.
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
|
|
Pro forma Combined twelve month period ended December 31, 2001
|
|
|
Pro forma Combined nine month period ended September 30, 2002
|
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product and service revenue |
|
$ |
2,573,434 |
|
|
$ |
7,381,398 |
|
Research and development contract revenue |
|
|
3,830,121 |
|
|
|
1,571,744 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue |
|
|
6,403,555 |
|
|
|
8,953,142 |
|
Cost of revenue and expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenues |
|
|
13,276,893 |
|
|
|
8,500,212 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncash stock-based compensation |
|
|
1,300,807 |
|
|
|
520,006 |
|
Other research and development |
|
|
78,298,058 |
|
|
|
41,974,190 |
|
General and administrative expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncash stock-based compensation |
|
|
4,902,370 |
|
|
|
415,308 |
|
Other general and administrative |
|
|
15,530,807 |
|
|
|
11,983,645 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
259,958 |
|
|
|
81,109 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss |
|
|
(107,165,338 |
) |
|
|
(54,521,328 |
) |
Interest income |
|
|
8,876,017 |
|
|
|
2,522,453 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before equity in losses of affiliates |
|
|
(98,289,321 |
) |
|
|
(51,998,875 |
) |
Equity in losses of affiliates |
|
|
(3,280,794 |
) |
|
|
(1,544,051 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(101,570,115 |
) |
|
$ |
(53,542,926 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(1.83 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.90 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding(1) |
|
|
55,458,288 |
|
|
|
59,176,335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18
Unaudited Pro Forma Balance Sheet Data
(at end of the period, in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
|
$ |
118,697 |
Working capital |
|
|
107,516 |
Total assets |
|
|
181,117 |
Current portion of long-term obligations |
|
|
454 |
Long-term obligations |
|
|
5,120 |
Stockholders equity(1) |
|
|
152,370 |
(1) |
|
The estimated exchange ratio is .80 shares of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock. It is estimated that the exchange ratio could
range from .73 to .89, exclusive of any adjustment required based upon H Powers actual net cash at the effective time of the merger, as defined in the merger agreement. If the exchange ratio is .73 shares of Plug Power common stock for each
share of H Power common stock, the number of shares of Plug Power common stock issued in connection with the merger would decrease to approximately 7.8 million shares from approximately 8.6 million shares. If the exchange ratio is .89 shares of Plug
Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock, the number of shares of Plug Power common stock issued would increase to approximately 9.6 million shares from approximately 8.6 million shares. For further information concerning the
estimated exchange ratio and the factors that may cause it to be adjusted, see the section of this document titled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment.
|
19
COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA PER SHARE DATA
The following tables set forth
certain historical per share data of Plug Power and H Power and combined per share data on an unaudited pro forma basis after giving effect to the merger using the purchase method of accounting, and assuming that 0.80 shares of Plug Power common
stock are issued in exchange for each share of H Power common stock in connection with the merger. It is expected that a total of approximately 8.6 million shares of Plug Power common stock will be issued in exchange for all of the outstanding
shares of common stock of H Power. The actual exchange ratio for H Power common stock in the merger may be different than this assumed exchange ratio. The following data should be read in conjunction with the separate historical consolidated
financial statements of H Power included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the separate historical consolidated financial statements of Plug Power incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, as well as the
unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The unaudited pro forma combined per share data do not necessarily indicate the operating results that would have been achieved had the
merger been completed as of the beginning of the earliest period presented and should not be taken as representative of future operations. The results may have been different if the companies had always been consolidated. All per share information
has been restated, as applicable for stock splits, as discussed in each entitys respective consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. No cash dividends have ever been declared or paid on Plug Power or H Power common stock.
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2001
|
|
|
Twelve month period ended November 30, 2001
|
|
|
Nine months ended September 30, 2002
|
|
|
Nine month period ended August 31,
2002
|
|
Plug PowerHistorical: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
$ |
(1.56 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.68 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Book value per common share |
|
$ |
2.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
H PowerHistorical: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(2.66 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1.95 |
) |
Book value per common share |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
7.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5.81 |
|
|
Pro FormaCombined: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
$ |
(1.83 |
)(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.90 |
)(2) |
|
|
|
|
Book value per common share |
|
$ |
2.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equivalent Pro FormaCombined:(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
$ |
(1.46 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.72 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Book value per common share |
|
$ |
2.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
No options or warrants outstanding are
included in the calculation of diluted loss per share because their impact would have been anti-dilutive to loss per share for each period presented.
(1) |
|
The estimated exchange ratio is .80 shares of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock. It is estimated that the exchange ratio could
range from .73 to .89, exclusive of any adjustment required based upon H Powers actual net cash at the effective time of the merger, as defined in the merger agreement. If the exchange ratio is .73 shares of Plug Power common stock for each
share of H Power common stock, the loss per share, basic and diluted, for pro forma combined would be $(1.85) based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted, of 54,674,816. If the exchange ratio is .89, the loss per
share, basic and diluted, for pro forma combined would be $(1.79) based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted, of 56,415,866. |
(2) |
|
The estimated exchange ratio is .80 shares of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock. It is estimated that the exchange ratio could
range from .73 to .89, exclusive of any adjustment required based upon H Powers actual net cash at the effective time of the merger, as defined in the merger agreement. If the exchange ratio is .73 shares of Plug Power common stock for each
share of H Power common stock, the loss per share, basic and diluted, for pro forma combined would be $(0.91) based on the
|
20
|
weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted, of 58,392,863. If the exchange ratio is .89, the loss per share, basic and diluted, for pro forma combined would be $(0.88) based
on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted, of 60,133,913. For further information concerning the estimated exchange ratio and the factors that may cause it to be adjusted, see the section of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment on page 78. |
(3) |
|
The unaudited equivalent pro forma per share amounts are calculated by multiplying the unaudited combined pro forma per share amounts by an assumed exchange
ratio of .80 of a share of Plug Power common stock for each outstanding share of H Power common stock. |
21
COMPARATIVE PER SHARE MARKET PRICE DATA AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION
Plug Power common
stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol PLUG. H Power common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol HPOW. The following table shows the high and low sale prices per share of Plug
Power common stock and H Power common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market for each of the two most recent fiscal years and the fiscal quarters during the current fiscal year. Plug Power common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq National
Market since October 28, 1999, the date of Plug Powers initial public offering. H Powers common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq National Market since August 9, 2000, the date of H Powers initial public offering. All share
prices of H Power have been adjusted to give effect to the 1-for-5 reverse stock split of the outstanding common stock effected as of the close of business on October 16, 2002.
|
|
Plug Power
|
|
H Power
|
Calendar Quarters
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
2000: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
156.50 |
|
$ |
25.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Second Quarter |
|
|
97.00 |
|
|
38.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third Quarter* |
|
|
71.63 |
|
|
36.00 |
|
$ |
179.69 |
|
$ |
63.16 |
Fourth Quarter |
|
|
39.13 |
|
|
9.13 |
|
|
172.50 |
|
|
26.25 |
2001: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
33.00 |
|
$ |
12.50 |
|
$ |
53.13 |
|
$ |
26.25 |
Second Quarter |
|
|
38.00 |
|
|
12.88 |
|
|
80.00 |
|
|
31.88 |
Third Quarter |
|
|
22.27 |
|
|
6.01 |
|
|
50.00 |
|
|
13.75 |
Fourth Quarter |
|
|
10.70 |
|
|
7.19 |
|
|
17.70 |
|
|
12.55 |
2002: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
13.10 |
|
$ |
8.26 |
|
$ |
22.15 |
|
$ |
11.15 |
Second Quarter |
|
|
12.58 |
|
|
6.61 |
|
|
14.75 |
|
|
4.30 |
Third Quarter |
|
|
8.00 |
|
|
4.05 |
|
|
6.40 |
|
|
2.95 |
Fourth Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(through November 26, 2002) |
|
|
6.82 |
|
|
3.39 |
|
|
4.59 |
|
|
1.75 |
* |
|
Commencing on August 9, 2000 for H Power. |
Recent Closing Prices
The following table shows the closing prices per share of Plug Power
common stock and H Power common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market on (1) November 11, 2002, the business day preceding the public announcement that Plug Power and H Power had entered into the merger agreement and (2)
, 2002, the last full trading day for which closing prices were available at the time of the printing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The following table also includes the equivalent price per share of H Power common stock on those dates. This equivalent per share price
reflects the value of the Plug Power common stock you would receive for each share of your H Power common stock if the merger was completed on any of these dates, applying the assumed exchange ratio of .855 shares of Plug Power common stock for each
share of H Power common stock for November 11, 2002 and the assumed exchange ratio of shares of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock for
, 2002, and assuming H Power had net cash at the time of closing of the merger of $36,675,000. These amounts are estimates based on the number of outstanding shares of H Power
common stock on the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and may change at the completion of the merger as a result of those factors described in the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled The Merger and Related
TransactionsThe Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment on page 78.
22
|
|
Plug Power Common Stock
|
|
H Power Common Stock
|
|
Equivalent Price Per Share*
|
November 11, 2002 |
|
$ |
5.50 |
|
$ |
2.19 |
|
$ |
4.70 |
___________, 2002 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
* |
|
Applying an assumed exchange ratio of .855 shares on November 11, 2002 and shares on
, 2002, respectively of Plug Power common stock for each share of H Power common stock. |
Because the market price of Plug Power common stock and H Power common stock may increase or decrease before the completion of the merger, you are urged to obtain
current market quotations.
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, there were approximately
stockholders of record of Plug Power who held an aggregate of shares of Plug Power common stock.
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, there were approximately 16,526 stockholders of record
of H Power who held an aggregate of 10,776,548 shares of H Power common stock.
Dividend Policy
Neither Plug Power nor H Power has ever declared or paid dividends on its common stock in the past and neither company intends to pay
dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends after consummation of the merger will be at the discretion of Plug Powers board of directors and will depend on Plug Powers financial condition, results of
operations, capital requirements and other factors Plug Powers board of directors deems relevant.
23
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
This joint proxy statement/prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus contain forward-looking statements about the merger, Plug Power and H Power within the meaning of Section
27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements containing the words believes, anticipates, estimates, expects,
intends, plans, seeks, will, may, should, would, projects, predicts, continues and similar expressions or the negative of these
terms constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Such statements are based on current expectations and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value and effect, including those
discussed in the section entitled Risk Factors beginning on page 26 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and, with respect to Plug Power, reports filed by Plug Power with the Securities and Exchange Commission, specifically forms
8-K, 10-K and 10-Q, incorporated into this document. Such risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value and effect could cause Plug Powers or H Powers actual results to differ materially from those anticipated
events. In evaluating the merger agreement and the merger, you should carefully consider the discussion of risks and uncertainties discussed in the section entitled Risk Factors.
Although each company believes that its plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no
assurance that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. H Power stockholders and Plug Power stockholders are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from
those discussed as a result of various risk factors described in the section entitled Risk Factors. Listed below and discussed elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are some important risks, uncertainties and contingencies
which could cause each companys actual results, performances or achievements to be materially different from the forward-looking statements made in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, particularly if the merger is not completed. These
risks, uncertainties and contingencies include, but are not limited to, the following:
|
|
|
the satisfaction of the conditions to closing, including receipt of stockholder and regulatory approvals; |
|
|
|
the expected closing date of the merger; |
|
|
|
the risk that the merger will not close; |
|
|
|
the risk that the merger will not be treated as a tax-free reorganization for United States federal income tax purposes; |
|
|
|
the risk that Plug Power will not integrate and restructure the acquired business successfully; |
|
|
|
the risk that Plug Power will incur unanticipated costs to integrate and restructure the acquired business; |
|
|
|
the risk that H Power will require more cash than anticipated prior to closing; |
|
|
|
fluctuations in the trading price and volume of Plug Powers common stock; |
|
|
|
the risk that continuity of H Powers operations will be disrupted in the event the transaction does not close; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers ability to develop a commercially viable fuel cell system; |
|
|
|
the cost and time required for Plug Power to develop fuel cell systems; |
|
|
|
market acceptance of Plug Powers fuel cell systems; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers reliance on its relationship with certain affiliates of General Electric; |
24
|
|
|
Plug Powers ability to perform on its multi-generation product plan in a manner satisfactory to its distribution partners;
|
|
|
|
Plug Powers ability to manufacture fuel cell systems on a commercial basis; |
|
|
|
competitive factors, such as price competition, competition from other power technologies and competition from other fuel cell companies and the cost and
availability of components and parts for Plug Powers fuel cell systems; |
|
|
|
the ability to raise and provide the necessary capital to develop, manufacture and market Plug Powers fuel cell systems; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers ability to lower the cost of its fuel cell systems and demonstrate their reliability; and |
|
|
|
the cost of complying with current and future governmental regulations. |
In addition, events may occur in the future that H Power or Plug Power are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause actual results to differ materially
from the expectations described in these forward-looking statements.
Readers should not place undue reliance on
the forward-looking statements contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made and the companies assume no obligation to update publicly any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider these risks and uncertainties, together with the other risks described from time to time in
the companies respective reports and documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
25
By voting in favor of the adoption and approval of the merger agreement
and the approval of the merger, stockholders of H Power will be choosing to invest in Plug Power common stock and by voting in favor of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in connection with the merger, stockholders of Plug Power will
be choosing to acquire H Power. An investment in Plug Power common stock, which after the merger will be the common stock of the combined companies, involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information contained in or incorporated by
reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, you should carefully consider the following risk factors in deciding whether to vote in favor of adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger, in the case of H Power
stockholders, or in favor of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, in the case of Plug Power stockholders. In addition, you should keep the following risk factors in mind when you read forward-looking
statements in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Please refer to the section entitled Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in this Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page 24 of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
Risks Related to the Merger
Fluctuations in the market price of Plug Power common
stock may affect the value of the consideration that H Power stockholders receive in the merger and the corresponding amount paid by Plug Power to acquire H Power.
The value of the consideration that H Power stockholders will receive in the merger, and the number of shares of Plug Power common stock that H Power stockholders will
receive in the merger, may depend on the market price of Plug Power common stock. In the merger, H Power stockholders are to receive a number of shares of Plug Power common stock that is based on a formula that divides a transaction value price
(initially set at $50,675,000, subject to adjustment) by Plug Powers average common stock price for 10 randomly selected trading days in the 20 trading day period ending on the second trading day prior to the merger. In turn, this result is
divided by the number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger. However, H Power stockholders are not guaranteed to receive value in Plug Power common stock equivalent to the transaction value price. This is
because the exchange ratio is restricted by a 10% collar from an assumed Plug Power common stock price of $5.88 per share. Accordingly, if the average Plug Power common stock price is less than $5.29, the exchange ratio will be fixed at the ratio
that would have been derived if the average Plug Power common stock price was equal to $5.29, and H Power stockholders will receive aggregate value in the merger less than the transaction value price. Conversely, if the average Plug Power common
stock price is greater than $6.47, the exchange ratio will be fixed at the ratio that would have been derived if the average Plug Power common stock price was equal to $6.47, and H Power stockholders will receive aggregate value in the merger
greater than the transaction value price.
In addition, because the market price of Plug Power common stock
between the determination date for the average Plug Power common stock price and the effective time of the merger, as well as the date certificates representing shares of Plug Power common stock are delivered in exchange for shares of H Power common
stock following consummation of the merger, will fluctuate and possibly decline, the value of Plug Power common stock actually received by holders of H Power common stock may be more or less than (A) the average Plug Power common stock price or (B)
the value of the Plug Power common stock at the effective time of the merger resulting from the exchange ratio or any possible adjustment to the exchange ratio as illustrated in the section of this document titled The Merger and Related
TransactionsThe Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment on page 78.
Prior to
each companys respective special meeting of stockholders, the companies will post the current estimated exchange ratio on their respective websites. Plug Powers website is at www.plugpower.com and H Powers website is at
www.hpower.com. We encourage you to consider the market price of Plug Power common stock before you make your voting decision regarding the merger. See the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus titled The Merger and Related
TransactionsThe Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment on page 78.
26
Fluctuations in the net cash of H Power may affect the value of the consideration that H Power stockholders receive
in the merger and the value of the assets acquired by Plug Power.
The value of the consideration that H
Power stockholders will receive in the merger will depend on the net cash of H Power (as such term is defined in the merger agreement) at the effective time of the merger. As described below, net cash directly impacts the transaction value price,
which is a key determinant in calculating the exchange ratio. In certain instances, the transaction value price will reflect the value of Plug Power common stock to be received by the H Power stockholders in the merger. At the effective time of the
merger, the net cash of H Power may be higher or lower than the estimated net cash on the date that the merger agreement was signed, the date this document was mailed to you or the date of the H Power special meeting of stockholders; however, the
net cash at the effective time of the merger is the only applicable measurement. Therefore, H Power stockholders cannot be assured prior to the merger of the definitive value of shares of Plug Power common stock they will be entitled to receive on
the date of the merger. Correspondingly, Plug Power stockholders cannot be assured prior to the merger of acquiring any definitive value of assets of H Power. See the section of this document titled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe
Merger AgreementCollar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment on page 78.
The right of H Power to
terminate the merger based on the price of Plug Power common stock and the right of Plug Power to not complete the merger based on the net cash of H Power are limited.
If the aggregate value of the anticipated number of shares of Plug Power common stock to be issued in the merger based on the reasonably anticipated average Plug Power
common stock price is less than $29,675,000 (which could occur if Plug Powers common stock price declines significantly prior to the effective time of the merger), H Power has the right, in certain circumstances, to terminate the merger
agreement, subject to Plug Powers ability to prevent H Power from doing so. In order for Plug Power to prevent termination, it would have to increase the number of shares of Plug Power common stock to be issued in the merger (through an
increase in the exchange ratio) such that the aggregate value of such shares, based on the average Plug Power common stock price, is equal to or greater than $29,675,000. If Plug Power elects not to exercise this topping-up right, the
merger agreement could then be terminated by H Power. However, H Power may elect not to exercise its right to terminate the merger agreement. In that case, the aggregate value to be received by H Power stockholders will be less than $29,675,000.
Plug Power has the right to not consummate the merger based on the net cash of H Power, if such net cash is less
than $27,500,000 at the effective time of the merger. However, there is no assurance that Plug Power will elect to exercise its right not to consummate the merger in such circumstances.
As a result of the merger, existing H Power obligations will become the obligations of the combined company, which Plug Power may determine not to honor and may be
expensive to terminate or may result in litigation.
As a result of the merger, substantially all of H
Powers existing obligations, contractual and otherwise, will remain intact and will become obligations of Plug Power following the merger, as the parent entity to H Power. Plug Power expects that in many instances it will seek to terminate,
renegotiate or otherwise amend these obligations, although in doing so it may incur substantial costs. For example, certain of these ongoing commitments may relate to H Power products that Plug Power will no longer produce or support. Plug Power may
not be able to terminate or amend those agreements or negotiate an alternative solution at a reasonable cost or at all. If Plug Power does not perform under these agreements, it may become subject to litigation. If this occurs, and the plaintiffs
prevail, or if the combined company is obligated to perform under such agreements, such outcomes could have a material adverse effect on the combined companys financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Plug Power expects to have significant costs associated with combining the companies.
Plug Power presently expects to incur significant costs to streamline the combined companys business, reduce excess capacity and
eliminate redundant operations. For instance, in addition to terminating or amending
27
certain H Power obligations, as discussed above, as part of the post-closing integration of the combined businesses, it is anticipated that all operations would be consolidated into Plug
Powers headquarters, located in Latham, New York. Also, Plug Power expects to incur significant costs associated with the termination of contracts, including leases and employee terminations, including, but not limited to, an estimated $1.8
million with respect to change of control agreements with H Power management that will result in one time and/or continuing payments upon or prior to the consummation of the merger. For additional discussion as to these expected costs, See
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information beginning on page 101. Accordingly, Plug Power believes the combined company may incur charges to operations, which are not currently reasonably estimable, in the quarter in
which the merger is completed or the following quarters, to reflect costs associated with integrating and streamlining the businesses and operations of Plug Power and H Power. There can be no assurance that the costs associated with streamlining the
business, reducing excess capacity and eliminating redundant operations will not exceed those projected by Plug Power, nor can there be any assurance that the combined company will not incur additional material charges in subsequent quarters to
reflect additional costs associated with the merger.
Failure to complete the merger could negatively impact
Plug Powers and/or H Powers stock prices, future business and operations.
If the merger is
not completed for any reason, Plug Power and H Power may be subject to a number of material risks, including the following:
|
|
|
H Power may be required, under certain circumstances, to pay to Plug Power a termination fee of $2,000,000; |
|
|
|
either Plug Power or H Power may be required, under certain circumstances, to pay to the other party particular out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection
with pursuing the merger; |
|
|
|
both companies may experience a negative reaction, from both the financial markets and customers, suppliers or partners of each company, to the termination of
the merger; |
|
|
|
each company must pay its own costs related to the merger (subject to reimbursement by the other party in particular cases), such as amounts payable to legal
and financial advisors and independent accountants, even if the merger is not completed; |
|
|
|
the price of Plug Powers and/or H Powers common stock may decline as a result of the costs associated with the merger and/or to the extent that the
current market price of Plug Powers and/or H Powers common stock reflects a market assumption that the merger will be completed; |
|
|
|
either company may forego other opportunities which would otherwise be available had the merger agreement not been executed, including, without limitation,
foregone opportunities as a result of certain affirmative and negative covenants made by H Power in the merger agreement, such as covenants affecting the conduct of its business outside the ordinary course of business; and
|
|
|
|
either company may be unable to obtain additional sources of financing or conclude another sale or merger transaction on favorable terms, or at all, and the
board of directors of either company may determine that the best alternative is to discontinue certain operations, liquidate certain assets, reduce expenditures, and take other actions required to limit operations in a manner inconsistent with
current development and commercialization plans. |
The anticipated benefits of the merger
may not be realized in a timely fashion, or at all, and Plug Powers operations may be adversely affected.
The success of the merger will depend, in part, on Plug Powers ability to realize the anticipated enhancements to capital resources, growth opportunities and synergies of combining with H Power and to effectively utilize the
increased cash and other resources Plug Power expects to have following the merger. The
28
merger involves risks related to the integration and management of acquired technology and operations and personnel. The integration of the businesses will be a complex, time-consuming and
potentially expensive process and may disrupt Plug Powers business if not completed in a timely and efficient manner. Some of the difficulties that may be encountered by the combined company include:
|
|
|
the diversion of managements attention from other ongoing business concerns; |
|
|
|
the inability to utilize the acquired resources effectively; and |
|
|
|
demonstrating to the combined companys customers, suppliers and partners that the merger will not result in adverse changes in client service standards or
business focus. |
If Plug Powers management focuses too much time, money and effort to
integrate H Powers operations and assets, they may not be able to execute Plug Powers overall business strategy. Additionally, neither Plug Power nor H Power can assure the combined company will progress at the same rates as have been
experienced by Plug Power and H Power, respectively, operating as separate companies in the past.
Customer,
supplier, partner and employee uncertainty about the merger could harm the combined company, or the respective businesses of H Power and Plug Power if the merger is not completed.
Plug Powers and/or H Powers existing or potential customers may, in response to the announcement or consummation of the merger, delay or defer purchasing
decisions. Plug Powers and H Powers suppliers or partners may experience uncertainty about their future relationship with the combined company and may limit their involvement with either company until or after the merger is completed.
Similarly, Plug Powers or H Powers current or prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with the combined company until or after Plug Power announces and executes its strategies with regard to such
employees. This may adversely affect the combined companys, or each companys, if the merger is not completed, ability to attract and retain key management, sales, and technical personnel and effectively operate its business.
Plug Power and H Power expect to incur significant costs associated with the merger, whether or not the
merger is completed.
Plug Power estimates that it will incur direct transaction costs of approximately
$1.4 million associated with the merger, which will be included as a part of the total purchase cost for accounting purposes, including fees and other expenses payable to Stephens in connection with the merger as described in the section entitled
The Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the Merger by Plug Powers Board of DirectorsOpinion of Plug Powers Financial Advisor beginning on page 71 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. In addition,
H Power estimates that it will incur direct transaction costs, which will be expensed as incurred for accounting purposes, of approximately $2.5 million, if the merger is completed, or approximately $1.9 million if the merger is not completed,
including fees and other expenses payable to its advisors in connection with the merger as described in the section entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the Merger by H Powers Board of DirectorsOpinion
of H Powers Financial Advisor beginning on page 60 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Payment of certain of these fees are dependent on consummation of the merger.
The merger may fail to qualify as a reorganization for federal income tax purposes, resulting in recognition of taxable gain or loss in respect of shares of H Power
common stock.
Both Plug Power and H Power intend the merger to qualify as a reorganization within the
meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. However, the law is unclear as to whether the
merger will be treated as a tax-free reorganization
and neither Plug Power nor H Power has obtained an opinion of counsel with respect to this matter. If the merger fails to qualify as a reorganization, stockholders of H Power will generally recognize a gain or loss on each share of H Power common
stock surrendered in an amount equal
29
to the difference between the adjusted tax basis in that share and the fair market value of the Plug Power common stock (and cash in lieu of fractional shares) received in exchange for that share
upon completion of the merger.
For a more detailed description of the consequences of the merger failing to
qualify as a reorganization, see The Merger and Related TransactionsMaterial United States Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger beginning on page 95 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The price of Plug Power common stock may be affected by factors different from those affecting the price of H Power common stock.
When the merger is completed, holders of H Power common stock will become holders of Plug Power common
stock. Plug Powers business differs from that of H Power, and Plug Powers results of operations, as well as the price of Plug Powers common stock, may be affected by factors that are different from those affecting H Powers
results of operations and the price of H Powers common stock.
The market price of Plug Power common
stock may decline as a result of the merger.
The market price of Plug Power common stock may decline as a
result of the merger if:
|
|
|
the integration of Plug Power and H Power is unsuccessful; |
|
|
|
Plug Power does not achieve the perceived benefits of the merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts or investors; or
|
|
|
|
the effect of the merger on Plug Powers financial results or condition is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts or
investors. |
The market price of Plug Power common stock could also decline as a result of
factors related to the merger which may currently be unforeseen.
If H Power stockholders who receive Plug
Power common stock in the merger sell that stock immediately, it could cause a decline in the market price of Plug Power common stock.
All of the shares of Plug Power common stock to be issued in the merger will be registered with the SEC and therefore will be immediately available for resale in the public market, except that shares
issued in the merger to H Power stockholders who are affiliates of H Power before the merger or who become affiliates of Plug Power after the merger will be subject to certain restrictions on transferability. The number of shares of Plug Power
common stock to be issued to H Power stockholders in connection with the merger and immediately available for resale will equal approximately 16.9% of the number of outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock currently in the public market. H
Power stockholders who are not affiliates may elect to sell the stock they receive immediately after the merger. As a result of future sales of such common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, the market price of Plug Power common
stock may decline and could decline significantly before or at the time the merger is completed or immediately thereafter. If this occurs, or if other holders of Plug Power common stock sell significant amounts of Plug Power common stock immediately
after the merger is completed, these sales may cause a decline in the market price of Plug Power common stock.
The termination fee and the restrictions on solicitation contained in the merger agreement and the terms of the voting agreements may discourage other companies from trying to acquire H Power.
Until the completion of the merger, and with some exceptions, H Power is prohibited from initiating or engaging in discussions with a
third party regarding some types of extraordinary transactions involving H Power, such as a tender offer, merger, business combination or sale of any material assets or any securities of H Power. H Power has also agreed to pay a termination fee of
$2,000,000 to Plug Power in specified circumstances and in
30
certain other circumstances, to reimburse Plug Powers out-of-pocket expenses, including legal, accounting, investment banking, printing and other fees, related to the merger. In addition,
holders of approximately 12.2% of the outstanding H Power common stock as of November 15, 2002 have entered into agreements with Plug Power in which they agreed to vote in favor of the merger and against any competing proposal. These provisions
could discourage other companies from trying to acquire H Power even though those other companies might be willing to offer greater value to H Power stockholders than Plug Power has offered in the merger. Payment of the termination fee or Plug
Powers out-of-pocket expenses could also have a material adverse effect on H Powers financial condition.
Plug Power and H Power may waive one or more of the conditions to the merger without resoliciting stockholder approval for the merger.
Each of the conditions to Plug Powers and H Powers obligations to complete the merger may be waived, in whole or in part, to the extent permitted by applicable
laws, by agreement of Plug Power and H Power. The boards of directors of Plug Power and H Power will evaluate the materiality of any such waiver to determine whether amendment of this document and resolicitation of proxies is warranted. However,
Plug Power and H Power generally do not expect any such waiver to be sufficiently material to warrant resolicitation of stockholders. In the event that the board of directors of Plug Power or H Power determines any such waiver is not sufficiently
material to warrant resolicitation of stockholders, the applicable company will have the discretion to complete the merger without seeking further stockholder approval.
If the conditions to the merger are not met or waived, the merger will not occur.
Specified conditions must be satisfied or waived to complete the merger. These conditions are described in detail in the merger agreement. Plug Power and H Power cannot
assure you that each of the conditions will be satisfied. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived, the merger will not occur or will be delayed, and Plug Power and H Power each may lose some or all of the intended benefits of the merger.
Certain directors and executive officers of H Power have special interests in the merger that may influence
them to support and approve the merger.
Certain directors and executive officers of H Power have
interests in the merger that are in addition to, or different than, their interests solely as H Power stockholders. These interests include the following:
|
|
|
the accelerated vesting of certain stock options held by certain non-employee directors of H Power as a result of the merger; |
|
|
|
the receipt of severance payments by certain executive officers in the event that such individuals resign or terminate their employment with H Power subsequent
to the signing of the merger agreement; |
|
|
|
the receipt of payments, pursuant to a termination agreement by ECO, which has a representative on the H Power board of directors;
|
|
|
|
the engagement of Lehman Brothers, a vice-chairman of which is a director of H Powers board of directors, as H Powers financial advisor in
connection with the merger; and |
|
|
|
the receipt of ongoing indemnification and insurance coverage with respect to acts taken and omissions to take action in their capacities as directors and
officers of H Power prior to the effective time of the merger. |
The H Power board of directors
was aware of these interests when it approved the merger agreement and the merger. For a more detailed description of these interests, see The Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the Merger by H Powers Board of
DirectorsInterests of H Powers Directors and Officers in the Merger beginning on page 67 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
31
After the merger, stockholders of H Power will have different rights that
may be less advantageous than their current rights.
Upon completion of the merger, the stockholders of H
Power will become Plug Power stockholders. Differences in H Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Plug Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws will result in changes to the rights of H Power stockholders when they
become Plug Power stockholders. See Comparison of Rights of Holders of Plug Power Common Stock and H Power Common Stock beginning on page 144. A stockholder of H Power may conclude that his, her or its rights under Plug Powers
certificate of incorporation and bylaws are more limited than his, her or its current rights under H Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
Purchase accounting treatment and the impact of amortization of intangibles with definite lives relating to the merger could adversely affect Plug Powers operating results.
The merger will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and Plug Power will be
considered the acquiror of H Power for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the historical financial statements of Plug Power will continue to be the historical financial statements of the combined company following the merger and H Power will be
included in the ongoing results of operations prospectively from the date of the consummation of the merger. Under purchase accounting, Plug Power will record the following as the cost of acquiring the business of H Power:
|
(1) |
|
the sum of the market value of Plug Power common stock issued in connection with the merger; |
|
(2) |
|
the fair value of H Power stock options assumed by Plug Power; and |
|
(3) |
|
the amount of direct transaction costs incurred by Plug Power. |
Plug Power will allocate the cost of the items described in (1), (2) and (3) above to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including intangible assets
such as acquired technology, based on their respective fair values. Intangible assets, including intangibles with indefinite lives from acquisitions are evaluated annually to determine whether any portion of the remaining balance of such indefinite
lived intangibles may not be recoverable. The amount of purchase cost allocated to goodwill and other intangibles for accounting purposes is estimated to be approximately $8.9 million, computed using the estimated purchase price of $52.6 million. If
it is determined in the future that a portion of this goodwill is impaired, Plug Power will be required to write off that portion which could decrease the net income (or alternatively increase the net loss) of Plug Power in the future, and this
could have a material adverse effect on the market value of Plug Power common stock following the completion of the merger. These amounts are only estimates, however, and actual amounts may differ from these estimates.
Risks Related to Plug Power and the Combined Company
The following risks relate to
Plug Power prior to the merger as well as to the combined company of Plug Power and H Power subsequent to the merger. As a result, all references to Plug Power in this section shall be deemed to also be references to the combined company of Plug
Power and H Power subsequent to the merger.
Plug Power may never complete the research and development of
commercially viable stationary fuel cell systems.
Plug Power is a development stage company. Plug Power
does not know when or whether it will successfully complete research and development of commercially viable stationary fuel cell systems. Plug Power has produced and is currently demonstrating a number of systems. Plug Power must decrease the costs
of its components and subsystems, improve its overall reliability and efficiency, and ensure its safety. Although Plug Power has sold a limited number of its initial products, it must complete substantial additional research and development on its
systems before it will have a large-scale commercially viable product. Because development
32
of Plug Powers fuel cell systems proceeded more slowly than it anticipated, Plug Power has amended its distribution agreement with GE Fuel Cell Systems on three occasions to revise the
performance specifications and prices and to extend the delivery schedule for the products covered by that agreement. In addition, while Plug Power is conducting tests to predict the overall life of its systems, it will not have run its systems over
its projected useful life prior to large-scale commercialization. As a result, Plug Power cannot be sure that its systems will last as long as predicted, resulting in possible warranty claims and commercial failures.
Plug Power has only been in business for a short time, and your basis for evaluating Plug Power is limited.
Plug Power was formed in June 1997 to further the research and development of stationary fuel cell systems. While Plug Power
delivered its initial product in the third quarter of 2001, it does not expect to be profitable for at least the next several years. Accordingly, there is only a limited basis upon which you can evaluate Plug Powers business and prospects. As
an investor in Plug Powers common stock, you should consider the challenges, expenses and difficulties that Plug Power will face as a development stage company seeking to develop and manufacture a new product.
Plug Power has incurred losses and anticipates continued losses for at least the next several years.
As of September 30, 2002, Plug Power had an accumulated deficit of $242.8 million. Plug Power has not achieved profitability
and expects to continue to incur net losses until it can produce sufficient revenue to cover its costs. The total cost to produce Plug Powers initial products is currently higher than its sales price. Furthermore, Plug Power anticipates that
it will continue to incur losses until it can produce and sell its fuel cell systems on a large-scale and cost-effective basis. Even if Plug Power does achieve profitability, it may be unable to sustain or increase its profitability in the future.
Available market for fuel cell systems may never develop or may take longer to develop than Plug Power
anticipates.
Fuel cell systems for residential, commercial and industrial applications represent an
emerging market, and Plug Power does not know the extent to which its targeted distributors and resellers will want to purchase them and whether end-users will want to use them. If a viable market fails to develop or develops more slowly than Plug
Power anticipates, it may be unable to recover the losses it will have incurred to develop its product and may be unable to achieve profitability. The development of a viable market for Plug Powers systems may be impacted by many factors which
are out of its control, including:
|
|
|
the cost competitiveness of fuel cell systems, |
|
|
|
the future costs of natural gas, propane and other fuels expected to be used by our systems, |
|
|
|
consumer reluctance to try a new product, |
|
|
|
consumer perceptions of Plug Powers systems safety, |
|
|
|
regulatory requirements, and |
|
|
|
the emergence of newer, more competitive technologies and products. |
Plug Power has no experience manufacturing fuel cell systems on a large-scale commercial basis.
To date, Plug Power has focused primarily on research and development and has no experience manufacturing fuel cell systems on a large-scale commercial basis. In 2000, Plug
Power completed construction of its 50,000 square foot manufacturing facility, and it is continuing to develop its manufacturing capabilities and processes. Plug Power does not know whether or when it will be able to develop efficient, low-cost
manufacturing capabilities and processes that will enable it to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards or production volumes required to successfully market its fuel cell systems. Even if Plug
33
Power is successful in developing its manufacturing capabilities and processes, it does not know whether it will do so in time to meet its product commercialization schedule or to satisfy the
requirements of its distributors or customers.
Plug Power is heavily dependent on its relationship with GE
Fuel Cell Systems and its commitment to develop the fuel cell market.
Plug Power believes that a
substantial portion of its future revenue will be derived from sales of products to GE Fuel Cell Systems. Under the terms of Plug Powers current distribution agreement, GE Fuel Cell Systems has worldwide rights to market, distribute, install
and service Plug Powers PEM fuel cell systems designed for stationary applications other than in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. Under Plug Powers
distribution agreement, it will serve as GE Fuel Cell Systems exclusive supplier of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems and related components meeting the specifications set forth in the distribution agreement.
Plug Power has not fully developed and produced the product that it has agreed to sell to GE Fuel Cell
Systems.
Plug Powers initial product does not meet the specifications required by its current
agreement with GE Fuel Cell Systems. Economic and technical difficulties may prevent Plug Power from completing development of products meeting these specifications and delivering them on schedule to GE Fuel Cell Systems.
In addition, Plug Powers ability to successfully sell its systems is heavily dependent upon GE Fuel Cell Systems sales,
distribution and service capabilities. Although Plug Power owns a minority interest in GE Fuel Cell Systems, it cannot control the operations or business decisions of GE Fuel Cell Systems. Any change in Plug Powers relationship with GE Fuel
Cell Systems, whether as a result of market, economic or competitive pressures, including an inability to satisfy its contractual obligations to GE Fuel Cell Systems or any decision by General Electric to alter its commitment to GE Fuel Cell Systems
or its fuel cell technology in favor of other fuel cell technologies, to develop fuel cell systems targeted at different markets than Plug Powers or to focus on different energy product solutions could harm Plug Powers reputation and
potential earnings by depriving Plug Power of the benefits of GE Fuel Cell Systems sales and distribution network and service capabilities.
Plug Powers distribution agreement with GE Fuel Cell Systems has been amended on three occasions. The most recent amendment in August 2001, further amended the distribution agreement to extend
its term through 2014 and to replace the product specifications, prices and delivery schedule in the current agreement with a high-level, multi-generation product plan with subsequent modifications subject to mutual agreement.
Plug Power has not met in the past and may not meet in the future product development and commercialization milestones.
Plug Power has established both internally and in its distribution agreement with GE Fuel Cell Systems
product development and commercialization milestones and dates for achieving development goals related to technology and design improvements. Plug Power uses these milestones to assess its progress toward developing commercially viable fuel cell
systems. For example, 2000 was a milestone year for delivering to GE Fuel Cell Systems 485 units meeting pre-commercial specifications set forth in Plug Powers agreement with them on a take-or-pay basis for a total of $10.3 million in revenue.
During the second quarter of 2000, Plug Power determined that the specifications of the then current pre-commercial units did not conform to the specifications originally agreed upon with GE Fuel Cell Systems and that it would not meet that
milestone. Additionally, Plug Power set internal milestones of building 500 developmental and pre-commercial units in 2000, having commercial units available in 2001 and achieving profitability by 2003. During 2000, Plug Power produced a total of
only 113 systems, delayed availability of its initial product and announced that it would not be profitable for at least the next several years.
34
Delays in Plug Powers product development will likely have a material
impact on its commercialization schedule.
If Plug Power does experience delays in meeting its development
goals or if its systems exhibit technical defects or if Plug Power is unable to meet cost or performance goals, including power output, useful life and reliability, its commercialization schedule will be delayed. In this event, potential purchasers
of Plug Powers initial commercial systems may choose alternative technologies and any delays could allow potential competitors to gain market advantages. Plug Power cannot assure you that it will successfully achieve its milestones in the
future.
Plug Power depends on third parties for certain aspects of product development, manufacturing and
the development and supply of key components for its products.
While Plug Power has entered into
relationships with suppliers of key components, it does not know when or whether it will secure supply relationships for all required components and subsystems for its fuel cell systems, or whether such relationships will be on terms that will allow
Plug Power to achieve its objectives. Plug Powers business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition could be harmed if it fails to secure relationships with entities which can develop or supply the required components for its
systems. Additionally, the agreements governing Plug Powers current relationships allow for termination by its supply partners under a number of circumstances.
Plug Power will rely on its partners to develop and provide components for its fuel cell systems.
A suppliers failure to develop and supply components in a timely manner, or to develop or supply components that meet Plug Powers quality, quantity or cost
requirements, or Plug Powers inability to obtain substitute sources of these components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to Plug Power, could harm its ability to manufacture its fuel cell systems. In addition, to the extent that Plug
Powers supply partners use technology or manufacturing processes that are proprietary, Plug Power may be unable to obtain comparable components from alternative sources.
In addition, platinum is a key material in Plug Powers PEM fuel cells. Platinum is a scarce natural resource and Plug Power is dependent upon a sufficient supply of
this commodity. While Plug Power does not anticipate significant near or long term shortages in the supply of platinum, such shortages could adversely affect its ability to produce commercially viable fuel cell systems or significantly raise its
cost of producing its fuel cell systems.
Plug Power faces intense competition and may be unable to compete
successfully.
The markets for electric power generators are intensely competitive. There are a number of
companies located in the United States, Canada and abroad that are developing PEM and other fuel cell technologies, such as phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells and alkaline fuel cells. Some of Plug
Powers competitors are much larger than it is and may have the manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities to complete research, development and commercialization of a commercially viable fuel cell system more quickly and effectively than
it can.
There are many companies engaged in all areas of traditional and alternative electric power generation in
the United States, Canada and abroad, including, among others, major electric, oil, chemical, natural gas and specialized electronics firms, as well as universities, research institutions and foreign government-sponsored companies. These firms are
engaged in forms of power generation such as solar and wind power, reciprocating engines and microturbines, as well as grid-supplied electric power. Many of these entities have substantially greater financial, research and development, manufacturing
and marketing resources than Plug Power does.
35
Changes in government regulations and electric utility industry
restructuring may affect demand for Plug Powers fuel cell systems.
The market for electric power
generation products is heavily influenced by federal and state governmental regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry. The loosening of current regulatory policies could deter further investment in the research and
development of alternative energy sources, including fuel cells, and could result in a significant reduction in the demand for Plug Powers products. Plug Power cannot predict how the deregulation and restructuring of the industry will affect
the market for stationary fuel cell systems.
Plug Powers business may become subject to future
government regulation which may impact its ability to market its products.
Plug Power does not believe
that its products will be subject to existing federal and state regulations governing traditional electric utilities and other regulated entities. Plug Power believes that its products and their installation will be subject to oversight and
regulation at the local level in accordance with state and local ordinances relating to, among others, building codes, public safety and electrical and gas pipeline connections. Such regulation may depend, in part, upon whether a fuel cell system is
placed outside or inside a home or facility. At this time, Plug Power does not know what requirements, if any, each jurisdiction will impose upon its products or their installation. Plug Power also does not know the extent to which any new
regulations may impact its ability to distribute, install and service its products. In the future, federal, state or local government entities or competitors may seek to impose regulations. Any new government regulation of Plug Powers
products, whether at the federal, state or local level, including any regulations relating to installation and servicing of its products, may increase its costs and the price of its systems.
Utility companies could place barriers on Plug Powers entry into the residential marketplace.
Utility companies commonly charge fees to industrial customers for disconnecting from the grid, for using less electricity or for having the capacity to use power from the
grid for back-up purposes. Though these fees are not currently charged to residential users, it is possible that utility companies could in the future charge similar fees to residential customers. The imposition of such fees could increase the cost
to residential customers of using Plug Powers systems and could make its residential systems less desirable, thereby harming its revenue and profitability.
Several states, including Texas, New York and California, have created and adopted or are in the process of creating or adopting their own interconnection regulations covering both technical and
financial requirements for interconnection to utility grids. Depending on the complexities of the requirements, installation of Plug Powers systems may become burdened with additional costs and have a negative impact on Plug Powers
ability to sell systems. There is also a burden in having to track the requirements of individual states and design equipment necessary to comply with the varying standards. Further, no universal standard has been adopted covering the connection of
distributed generation devices to utility grids.
Alternatives to Plug Powers technology could render
its systems obsolete prior to commercialization.
Plug Powers systems are one of a number of
alternative energy products being developed as supplements to the electric power grid that have potential residential, commercial and industrial applications, including microturbines, solar power, wind power and other types of fuel cell
technologies. Improvements are also being made to the existing electric transmission system. Technological advances in alternative energy products, improvements in the electric power grid or other fuel cell technologies may render Plug Powers
systems obsolete prior to commercialization.
36
The hydrocarbon fuels and other raw materials on which Plug Powers
systems rely may not be readily available or available on a cost-effective basis.
The ability of Plug
Powers systems to produce electric power depends largely on the availability of natural gas and propane. If these fuels are not readily available, or if their prices are such that electric power produced by Plug Powers systems costs more
than electric power provided through the grid, its systems would be less attractive to potential users.
Plug Powers fuel cell systems use flammable fuels which are inherently dangerous substances.
Plug Powers fuel cell systems use natural gas in a catalytic reaction which produces less heat than a typical gas furnace. While Plug Powers fuel cell systems do not use this fuel in a combustion process, natural gas is a
flammable fuel that could leak in a home or office and combust if ignited by another source. These dangers are present in any appliance that uses natural gas, such as a gas furnace, stove or dryer. Any accidents involving Plug Powers products
or other products using similar flammable fuels could materially suppress demand for, or heighten regulatory scrutiny of, its products. Any liability for damages resulting from malfunctions or design defects could be substantial and could materially
adversely affect Plug Powers business and results of operations. In addition, a well-publicized actual or perceived problem could adversely affect the markets perception of Plug Powers products resulting in a decline in demand for
its products and could divert the attention of its management, which may materially adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.
Plug Power must lower the cost of its fuel cell systems and demonstrate its reliability.
The fuel cell systems Plug Power develops currently cost significantly more than the cost of many established competing technologies. If Plug Power is unable to produce fuel cell systems that are
competitive with competing technologies in terms of price, reliability and longevity, consumers will be unlikely to buy products containing its fuel cell systems. The price of fuel cell systems depends largely on material and manufacturing costs.
Plug Power cannot guarantee that it will be able to lower these costs to the level where it will be able to produce a competitive product or that any product produced using lower cost materials and manufacturing processes will not suffer from a
reduction in performance, reliability and longevity.
Failure of Plug Powers field tests could
negatively impact demand for its products.
Plug Power is currently field testing a number of its systems
and it plans to conduct additional field tests in the future. Plug Power may encounter problems and delays during these field tests for a number of reasons, including the failure of its technology or the technology of third parties, as well as its
failure to maintain and service its systems properly. Many of these potential problems and delays are beyond Plug Powers control. Any problem or perceived problem with Plug Powers field tests could materially harm its reputation and
impair market acceptance of, and demand for, its products.
Plug Power may be unable to raise additional
capital to complete its product development and commercialization plans.
Plug Powers cash
requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of its product development activities, ability to commercialize its fuel cell systems and market acceptance of its systems. Plug Power expects to devote substantial capital resources to
continue development programs, establish a manufacturing infrastructure and develop manufacturing processes. Plug Power believes that it will need to raise additional funds to achieve commercialization of its products. However, Plug Power does not
know whether it will be able to secure additional funding, or funding on acceptable terms, to pursue its commercialization plans. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities or additional acquisitions of entities with
cash reserves such as H Power, the percentage ownership of Plug Powers then current stockholders will be
37
reduced. If adequate funds are not available to satisfy either short- or long-term capital requirements, Plug Power may be required to limit operations in a manner inconsistent with its
development and commercialization plans, which could affect operations in future periods.
Plug Power will
need to establish additional strategic relationships to complete its product development and commercialization plans.
Plug Power believes that it will need to enter into additional strategic relationships in order to complete its current product development and commercialization plans on schedule. In particular, Plug Power may require a partner to
assist in developing commercially viable fuel cell systems that produce in the range of 25 to 100 kW of electric power. If Plug Power is unable to identify or enter into a satisfactory agreement with potential partners, it may not be able to
complete its product development and commercialization plans on schedule or at all. Plug Power may also need to scale back these plans in the absence of a partner, which would adversely affect its future prospects. In addition, any arrangement with
a strategic partner may require Plug Power to issue a material amount of equity securities to the partner or commit significant financial resources to fund its product development efforts in exchange for their assistance or the contribution to Plug
Power of intellectual property. Any such issuance of equity securities would reduce the percentage ownership of Plug Powers then current stockholders.
Future acquisitions may disrupt Plug Powers business, distract its management and reduce the percentage ownership of Plug Power stockholders.
Plug Power may engage in acquisitions. Plug Power may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates. If Plug Power does identify
suitable candidates, it may not be able to acquire them on commercially acceptable terms or at all. If Plug Power acquires another company, it may not be able to successfully integrate the acquired business into its existing business in a timely and
non-disruptive manner. Plug Power may have to devote a significant amount of time and management and financial resources to do so. Even with this investment of management and financial resources, an acquisition may not produce the desired revenues,
earnings or business synergies. In addition, an acquisition may reduce the percentage ownership of Plug Powers then current stockholders. If Plug Power fails to integrate the acquired business effectively or if key employees of that business
leave, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition would be jeopardized. The time, capital and management and other resources spent on an acquisition that fails to meet Plug Powers expectations could cause its business and financial condition
to be materially and adversely affected. In addition, from an accounting perspective, acquisitions can involve non-recurring charges and amortization of significant amounts of intangible assets that could adversely affect Plug Powers results
of operations.
Plug Power may not be able to protect important intellectual property.
PEM fuel cell technology was first developed in the 1950s, and Plug Power does not believe that it can achieve a significant
proprietary position in the basic technologies currently used in PEM fuel cell systems. Similarly, fuel processing technology has been practiced on a large scale in the petrochemical industry for decades. However, Plug Powers ability to
compete effectively against other fuel cell companies will depend, in part, on its ability to protect its proprietary technology, systems designs and manufacturing processes. Plug Power does not know whether any of its pending patent applications
will issue or, in the case of patents issued or to be issued, that the claims allowed are or will be sufficiently broad to protect its technology or processes. Even if all of Plug Powers patent applications are issued and are sufficiently
broad, they may be challenged or invalidated. Plug Power could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending patent infringement suits. While Plug Power has attempted to safeguard and maintain its proprietary rights, Plug Power does not know
whether it has been or will be completely successful in doing so. Moreover, patent applications filed in foreign countries may be subject to laws, rules and procedures that are substantially different from those of the United States, and any
resulting foreign patents may be difficult and expensive to enforce.
38
Plug Power may have difficulty managing change in its operations.
Plug Power continues to undergo rapid change in the scope and breadth of its operations as it advances
the development of its products. Such rapid change is likely to place a significant strain on Plug Powers senior management team and other resources. Plug Power will be required to make significant investments in its engineering, logistics,
financial and management information systems and to motivate and effectively manage its employees. Plug Powers business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition could be harmed if it encounters difficulties in effectively
managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by such a rapid change.
Plug
Power faces risks associated with its plans to market, distribute and service its products internationally.
Plug Power intends to market, distribute and service its PEM fuel cell systems for stationary applications internationally through GE Fuel Cell Systems. Plug Power has limited experience developing, and no experience manufacturing
its products to comply with the commercial and legal requirements of international markets. Plug Powers success in international markets will depend, in part, on GE Fuel Cell Systems ability to secure relationships with foreign
sub-distributors and Plug Powers ability to manufacture products that meet foreign regulatory and commercial requirements. Additionally, Plug Powers planned international operations are subject to other inherent risks, including
potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations and intellectual property rights in foreign countries and fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
Further, Plug Powers competitors may independently develop or patent technologies or processes that are substantially equivalent or superior to Plug Powers. If Plug Power is found to be
infringing third party patents, Plug Power could be required to pay substantial royalties and/or damages, and Plug Power does not know whether it will be able to obtain licenses to use such patents on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain
needed licenses could delay or prevent the development, manufacture or sale of Plug Powers fuel cell systems, and could necessitate the expenditure of significant resources to develop or acquire non-infringing intellectual property.
Plug Power relies, in part, on contractual provisions to protect its trade secrets and proprietary
knowledge.
Confidentiality agreements to which Plug Power is a party may be breached, and Plug Power may
not have adequate remedies for any breach. Plug Powers trade secrets may also be known without breach of such agreements or may be independently developed by competitors. Plug Powers inability to maintain the proprietary nature of its
technology and processes could allow its competitors to limit or eliminate any competitive advantages Plug Power may have and prevent it from being the first company to commercialize residential fuel cell systems.
Plug Powers government contracts could restrict its ability to effectively commercialize its technology.
Some of Plug Powers technology has been developed under government funding by the United States and by other countries.
In some cases, government agencies in the United States can require Plug Power to obtain or produce components for its systems from sources located in the United States rather than foreign countries. Plug Powers contracts with government
agencies are also subject to the risk of termination at the convenience of the contracting agency, potential disclosure of its confidential information to third parties and the exercise of march-in rights by the government. March-in
rights refer to the right of the United States government or government agency to exercise its non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable worldwide license to any technology developed under contracts funded by the government if the contractor fails to
continue to develop the technology. The implementation of restrictions on Plug Powers sourcing of components or the exercise of march-in rights could harm its business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition. In addition,
under the Freedom of Information Act, any documents that Plug Power has submitted to the government or to a contractor under a
39
government funding arrangement are subject to public disclosure that could compromise Plug Powers intellectual property rights unless such documents are exempted as trade secrets or as
confidential information and treated accordingly by such government agencies.
Plug Powers future
plans could be harmed if it is unable to attract or retain key personnel.
Plug Power has attracted a
highly skilled management team and specialized workforce, including scientists, engineers, researchers, manufacturing and marketing professionals. Plug Powers future success will depend, in part, on its ability to attract and retain qualified
management and technical personnel. Plug Power does not know whether it will be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel. Plug Powers inability to hire qualified personnel on a timely basis, or the departure of key employees,
could materially and adversely affect its development and commercialization plans and, therefore, its business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
GE MicroGen and DTE Energy have representatives on Plug Powers board of directors.
Under Plug Powers agreement with GE MicroGen it is required to use its best efforts to cause one individual nominated by GE Power Systems, an operating business of
General Electric Company, to be elected to Plug Powers board of directors for as long as its distribution agreement with GE Fuel Cell Systems remains in effect. Currently, John G. Rice serves on Plug Powers board of directors as the GE
Power Systems nominee to its board. In addition, a current employee of DTE Energy, Anthony F. Earley, Jr., and a former employee of DTE Energy, Larry G. Garberding, currently serve on Plug Powers board of directors. Both GE Fuel Cell Systems
and DTE Energy have entered into distribution agreements with Plug Power.
Plug Power is subject to a
securities class action litigation.
In September 2000, a shareholder class action complaint was filed in
the federal district court for the Eastern District of New York alleging that Plug Power and various of its officers and directors violated certain federal securities laws by failing to disclose certain information concerning Plug Powers
products and future prospects. The action was brought on behalf of a class of purchasers of Plug Powers stock who purchased the stock between February 14, 2000 and August 2, 2000. Subsequently, fourteen additional complaints with similar
allegations and class periods were filed. By order dated October 30, 2000, the court consolidated the complaints into one action, entitled Plug Power Inc. Securities Litigation, CV-00-5553(ERK)(RML). By order dated January 25, 2001, the Court
appointed lead plaintiffs and lead plaintiffs counsel. Subsequently, the plaintiffs served a consolidated amended complaint. The consolidated amended complaint extends the class period to begin on October 29, 1999 and alleges claims under the
Securities Act of 1933 and the Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934. Subsequently, Plaintiffs withdrew their claims under the Securities Act of 1933. Plaintiffs allege that the defendants made misleading
statements and omissions regarding the state of development of our technology in a registration statement issued in connection with Plug Powers initial public offering and in subsequent press releases. Plug Power served its motion to dismiss
the claims in May 2001. Plug Power believes that the allegations in the consolidated amended complaint are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against the claims. Plug Power does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a
material adverse effect upon its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome or effect of these actions. If the plaintiffs were to
prevail, such an outcome would have a material adverse effect on Plug Powers financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Plug Powers stock price has been and could remain volatile.
The market price of Plug Powers common stock has historically experienced and may continue to experience significant volatility. Since Plug Powers initial public offering in October 1999, the market price of its common
stock has fluctuated from a high of $156.50 per share in the first quarter of 2000, to a low of $3.39 per share in the fourth quarter of 2002. Plug Powers progress in developing and commercializing its products, its
40
quarterly operating results, changes in general conditions in the economy or the financial markets and other developments affecting Plug Power or its competitors could cause the market price of
its common stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has affected the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons
unrelated to their operating performance and may adversely affect the price of Plug Powers common stock. In addition, Plug Power may be the subject of additional securities class action litigation as a result of volatility in the price of its
stock, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of managements attention and resources and could harm its stock price, business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
Plug Powers failure to comply with Nasdaqs listing standards could result in its delisting by Nasdaq from the Nasdaq
National Market and severely limit the ability to sell Plug Powers common stock.
Plug Powers
common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq National Market. Under Nasdaqs listing maintenance standards, if the closing bid price of Plug Powers common stock is under $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days, Nasdaq will
notify Plug Power that it may be delisted from the Nasdaq National Market. If the closing bid price of Plug Powers common stock does not thereafter regain compliance for a minimum of 10 consecutive trading days during the 90 days following
notification by Nasdaq, Nasdaq may delist Plug Powers common stock from trading on the Nasdaq National Market. There can be no assurance that Plug Powers common stock will remain eligible for trading on the Nasdaq National Market. In
addition, if Plug Powers common stock is delisted, Plug Powers stockholders would not be able to sell Plug Powers common stock on the Nasdaq National Market, and their ability to sell any of Plug Powers common stock would be
severely, if not completely, limited.
The following matters, among others, may have a material
adverse effect on the business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or prospects, financial or otherwise, of H Power, particularly if the stockholders of H Power do not vote to approve the merger agreement at the special meeting of
H Powers stockholders.
In order to maximize the merger consideration to be received by its
stockholders, H Power is implementing a restructuring plan to reduce operating costs, which will negatively impact the operation of H Powers business if the merger is not consummated.
Pursuant to the merger agreement, the merger consideration to be received by H Powers stockholders will be increased or decreased
depending on, among other things, the amount of cash and cash equivalents remaining in H Power prior to the effective date of the merger. See The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementConversion of H Power Common Stock
in the Merger beginning on page 75 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus for a discussion of the determination of the merger consideration. In this regard, H Power is enacting a restructuring plan to reduce the amount of cash it expends,
including without limitation:
|
|
|
the termination of employment arrangements with certain employees; |
|
|
|
reductions in expenditures for research and development; |
|
|
|
the closing of certain facilities; and |
|
|
|
the termination of certain customer contracts. |
In the event the merger is not consummated, such actions will make it more difficult to continue the operation of H Powers business at the same level as it existed prior to the execution of the
merger agreement. Some of the difficulties H Power may encounter include, among other things:
|
|
|
the inability to rehire former employees or hire new employees with similar qualifications on a timely basis, and the departure of key employees;
|
41
|
|
|
delays in further development of H Powers residential fuel cell systems due to reductions in spending relating to research and development; and
|
|
|
|
delays in the timely production of its fuel cell products due to the suspension of field testing pursuant to certain customer contracts.
|
If the merger is not consummated, these and other factors resulting from the implementation of the
restructuring plan may negatively affect H Powers business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
H Power has agreed to terminate certain agreements with Energy Co-Opportunity, Inc. as of the effective date of the merger, and H Powers relationship with Energy Co-Opportunity, Inc. may be negatively impacted if the
merger is not consummated.
On November 8, 2002, H Power entered into a termination agreement with Energy
Co-Opportunity, Inc., or ECO, which, among other things, terminates all of H Powers prior agreements with ECO as of the effective date of the merger. Prior to executing this termination agreement, H Power anticipated that a substantial portion
of H Powers revenues over the next 2 to 3 years would be derived from sales of H Powers fuel cell systems to ECO. H Power has been heavily dependent on ECO to effect the sale, distribution and servicing of H Powers products. In
anticipation of the merger, ECO has discontinued its sales and marketing effort relating to H Powers products. In the event the merger is not consummated, H Powers existing agreements with ECO would not be terminated. However, H
Powers business relationship with ECO will be negatively affected or discontinued due to the anticipated termination of H Powers ECO relationship. If the merger does not occur, H Powers entry into the termination agreement will
have a detrimental effect on H Powers ability to generate revenues for sales of H Powers fuel cell products, not only with regard to ECO but also with regard to the development of H Powers products for sales to other customers. See
The Merger and Related TransactionsOther Material Agreements Relating to the MergerECO Termination Agreement beginning on page 95 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
H Power may never successfully complete the research and development required to commercialize H Powers residential fuel cell systems.
H Power is currently in the research and development stage of its residential cogeneration fuel cell
systems. H Power has shipped and installed to ECO and other customers a limited number of alpha and beta fuel cell units for testing purposes. H Power must significantly decrease the costs of its fuel cell systems and improve their overall
efficiency in order to begin viable commercialization of its residential fuel cell products. In addition, improvements to H Powers residential fuel cell systems will be more difficult as H Power implements its restructuring plan, which among
other things, will significantly reduce or eliminate spending relating to research and development of its residential systems. H Power has not yet produced a commercially viable residential fuel cell system. H Power may not successfully complete its
research and development program and accordingly H Power may never have commercial sales of its residential cogeneration fuel cell products.
H Power has a history of losses since its inception, H Power expects future losses and H Power may never achieve or sustain profitability.
H Power has incurred net losses each year since H Powers inception in 1989 and had an accumulated loss of approximately $102 million
through August 31, 2002. H Power expects to continue to incur net losses at least through H Powers fiscal year 2007 and these losses may be substantial. To implement its business strategy, H Power will have to incur a high level of fixed
operating expenses and will continue to incur considerable research and development expenses and capital expenditures. Further, H Power expects the cost to produce its initial products will continue to be higher than their sales price. Accordingly,
if H Power is unable to generate substantial revenues and positive cash flows, H Power will not achieve profitability. Even if H Power does achieve profitability, it may not be able to sustain or increase its profitability on a quarterly or annual
basis. H Powers ability to generate future revenues will depend on a number of factors, many of which are beyond H
42
Powers control. These factors include the rate of market acceptance of H Powers products, regulatory developments and general economic trends. Due to these factors, H Power cannot
anticipate with any degree of certainty what H Powers revenues, if any, will be in future periods. You have limited historical financial data and operating results with which to evaluate H Powers business and its prospects. As a result,
you should consider H Powers prospects in light of the early stage of H Powers business in a new and rapidly evolving market.
H Powers direct hydrogen products represent an emerging technology which may give rise to problems regarding supply of component parts, commercial acceptance and government regulation.
H Powers direct hydrogen products, such as the EPAC operating system, are fueled in part through
compressed hydrogen cylinders. Distribution channels for hydrogen for some of H Powers intended markets are in their infancy, which may make it difficult or expensive for H Powers customers to obtain hydrogen for use with H Powers
products, thereby potentially affecting the marketability and profitability of H Powers direct hydrogen products. Distribution of hydrogen cylinders is currently subject to specific regulation by the U.S. government. Should the government
decide to impose changes in the regulations on the handling of compressed hydrogen cylinders, such regulations may affect the cost or availability of such cylinders, which could affect the marketability and profitability of H Powers direct
hydrogen products. Building codes and standards relating to the use of hydrogen may make it expensive or impossible for H Powers customers to use hydrogen as a fuel in some of H Powers intended markets. As H Powers direct hydrogen
products contain emerging technologies, there are currently few competitors with similar product offerings and a commercial market has not yet been established. In addition, H Powers products use components which incorporate new technology,
and it is possible that these components might be in short supply or may be discontinued by H Powers current suppliers.
H Power may not be able to develop the necessary technology to introduce and market H Powers products in a timely fashion, if at all.
H Powers product and technology development efforts are subject to unanticipated and significant delays, expenses and technical or other problems, as well as the
possible lack of funding to complete this development. H Powers success will depend upon H Powers products and technologies meeting acceptable cost and performance criteria, and upon their timely introduction into the marketplace. None
of H Powers proposed products and technologies may ever be successfully developed, and even if developed, they may not actually perform as designed. Failure to develop or significant delays in the development of H Powers products and
technology would have a material adverse effect on H Powers ability to both sell H Powers products and to generate sufficient cash to achieve profitability.
Failure of H Powers field tests could negatively impact demand for H Powers products.
H Power is currently field testing a number of its products. Through November 2002, beta stage RCUs were undergoing field tests. H Power has encountered and may continue to
encounter problems and delays during these field tests for a number of reasons, including the failure of its technology or the technology of third parties, as well as H Powers failure to maintain and service its prototypes properly.
Accordingly, any further delays, problems or perceived problems with H Powers field tests could materially harm H Powers reputation and impair market acceptance of, and demand for, H Powers products.
Alternatives to H Powers technology could render H Powers products obsolete prior to initial commercial sales of H
Powers products.
PEM fuel cells represent one of a variety of alternative energy products being
developed as a supplement to the electric grid that have potential residential, commercial and industrial applications. Other such products include solar power, wind power and other types of fuel cell technologies. Improvements to the existing
electric transmission system are also being implemented. Technological advances in alternative energy products or other
43
fuel cell technologies and improvements in the electric grid may render H Powers fuel cell systems obsolete prior to commercialization.
H Power has no experience manufacturing fuel cells on a commercial basis.
While H Power has successfully produced prototype models of H Powers fuel cells, H Power has focused primarily on research and development and has no experience
manufacturing fuel cell systems on a commercial basis. In July 2001, H Power opened a 90,000 square foot manufacturing facility and H Power is continuing to develop its manufacturing capabilities and processes. H Power does not know whether or when
it will be able to develop efficient manufacturing capabilities and processes that will enable it to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards or production volumes required to successfully market its fuel cell systems at
lower production costs. Even if H Power is successful in developing its manufacturing capabilities and processes, H Power may not be able to meet its commercialization schedule or to satisfy the requirements of its distributors or customers.
THE SPECIAL MEETING OF PLUG POWERS STOCKHOLDERS
Plug Power is furnishing this
joint proxy statement/prospectus to all stockholders of record of Plug Power common stock in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Plug Power board of directors for use at the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders to be held on
2003, and at any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting. This joint proxy statement/prospectus also is being furnished by Plug Power to H Powers stockholders
as a prospectus for Plug Power common stock to be issued in connection with the merger.
Date, Time and Place of Meeting
The special meeting will be held at the Albany
Marriott, 189 Wolf Road, Albany, New York on , 2003, at a.m., local time.
Purpose of the Special Meeting
At the special meeting, and any adjournment or
postponement thereof, Plug Power stockholders will be asked:
|
1. |
|
to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the issuance of shares of common stock of Plug Power pursuant to the merger agreement;
|
|
2. |
|
to consider and vote upon a proposal to exchange options to purchase shares of common stock of Plug Power held by its employees for shares of restricted common
stock of Plug Power, in accordance with the terms and conditions described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus; and |
|
3. |
|
to transact any other business that may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting.
|
A copy of the merger agreement is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. Plug Power
stockholders are encouraged to read the merger agreement in its entirety and the other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully before deciding how to vote.
The Plug Power board of directors has fixed the close of business on
, as the record date for determination of Plug Power stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the special meeting.
44
Votes Required for Approval of the Issuance of Shares of Common Stock of Plug Power
Although the approval of the stockholders of Plug Power is not required to effect the merger under Delaware general corporation law, Plug Powers organizational documents or any other regulatory or listing requirements
applicable to Plug Power, the board of directors of Plug Power has determined that the consummation of the merger shall be subject to the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Plug Power common stock present in person or by
proxy at the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders on such matter. Holders of Plug Power common stock will be entitled to cast one vote per share of Plug Power common stock owned as of
, the record date for the Plug Power special meeting of stockholders at which the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement will be
presented and voted upon.
As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting,
shares of Plug Power common stock were outstanding, and held by approximately stockholders of record.
As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting, directors and executive officers of Plug
Power (and their respective affiliates) collectively owned approximately 60.5% of the outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting on the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger
agreement. This does not include 2,150,172 shares of Plug Power common stock issuable upon the exercise of presently exercisable options which these directors and officers beneficially own. If all of these stock options had been exercised prior to
the record date for the special meeting, the directors and executive officers of Plug Power (and their respective affiliates) would collectively own approximately 62.1% of the outstanding shares of Plug Power common stock entitled to vote at the
special meeting. For a discussion of the vote required with respect to the proposal to approve the stock option exchange see Additional Proposal to be Acted on by Plug Power Stockholders on page 108.
Quorum, Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
A majority of shares of Plug Power entitled
to vote as of the record date, present in person or represented by proxy, constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business at the special meeting. Plug Power has appointed David Neumann, Plug Powers controller, to function as the inspector
of elections of the special meeting. The inspector of elections will ascertain whether a quorum is present, tabulate votes and determine the voting results on all matters presented to Plug Power stockholders at the special meeting. If less than a
quorum is present at the special meeting, the holders of Plug Power voting stock representing a majority of the voting power present at the special meeting or the inspector of elections may adjourn the meeting. At any subsequent reconvening of the
special meeting, all proxies will be voted in the same manner as the proxies would have been voted at the original convening of the special meeting, except for any proxies that have been effectively revoked or withdrawn prior to the subsequent
reconvening of the special meeting.
If you submit a proxy that indicates an abstention from voting on all matters
presented at the special meeting, your shares will be counted as present for the purpose of determining the existence of a quorum at the special meeting, and will also be counted for the purpose of determining the number of shares present in person
or by proxy. Consequently, your abstention will have the same effect as voting against approval of the proposal to issue shares of common stock of Plug Power in connection with the merger. In addition, the failure of a Plug Power stockholder to
return a proxy will have no effect as to the approval of the proposal to issue shares of common stock of Plug Power in connection with the merger.
Under the rules that govern brokers who have record ownership of shares that are held in street name for their clients who are the beneficial owners of the shares, brokers have discretion
to vote these shares on routine matters but not on non-routine matters. The approval of the issuance of shares of common stock of Plug Power in connection with the merger at the special meeting is not considered a routine matter. Accordingly,
brokers will not have discretionary voting authority to vote your shares at the special meeting. A broker non-vote occurs when brokers do not have discretionary voting authority and have not received instructions from the beneficial
45
owners of the shares. At the special meeting, broker non-votes will be counted for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum and will also be counted for the purpose of determining the
number of shares present in person or by proxy. Accordingly, at the special meeting, broker non-votes will have the same effect as voting against approval of the proposal to issue shares of common stock of Plug Power in connection with the merger.
Consequently, Plug Power stockholders are urged to return the enclosed proxy card marked to indicate their vote or to instruct their brokers on how to vote their shares held in street name. For a discussion of the impact of abstentions or
broker non-votes with respect to the proposal to approve the stock option exchange, see Additional Proposal to be Acted on by Plug Power Stockholders on page 108.
Solicitation of Proxies and Expenses
Plug Power will bear its own expenses in
connection with the solicitation of proxies for the special meeting, except that Plug Power and H Power will equally share all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the printing, filing and mailing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
In addition to solicitation by mail, directors, officers and employees of Plug Power may solicit proxies from
stockholders by telephone, facsimile, e-mail or in person. No additional compensation will be paid to these individuals for those services. Plug Power may retain outside agencies for the purpose of soliciting proxies, in which case Plug Power will
pay the fees and expenses of those agencies. Record holders such as brokerage houses, nominees, fiduciaries and other custodians will be requested to forward soliciting materials to beneficial owners and to request authority for the exercise of
proxies, and, upon the request of such record holders, they will be reimbursed for their reasonable expenses incurred in sending proxy materials to beneficial owners.
Voting of Proxies at the Special Meeting and Revocation of Proxies
Plug Power requests
that all holders of Plug Power common stock on the record date complete, date and sign the accompanying proxy card and promptly return it in the accompanying envelope or otherwise mail it to Plug Power. Brokers holding voting shares in street
name may vote the shares only if the beneficial owner provides instructions on how to vote. Brokers will provide directions to beneficial owners on how to instruct your broker to vote the shares. Please note, however, that if the holder of
record of your shares is your broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the special meeting, you must bring a letter from the broker, bank or other nominee confirming that you are the beneficial owner of the shares. All properly executed
proxies that Plug Power receives prior to the vote at the special meeting, and that are not revoked, will be voted in accordance with the instructions indicated on the proxy card. If no direction is indicated on such proxies, such proxies will be
voted in favor of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement (except for broker non-votes, which are discussed above). (See Additional Proposal to be Acted Upon by Plug Power Stockholders on page
108 for a discussion of the impact of providing no direction on proxies with respect to the proposal to approve the stock option exchange.)
A Plug Power stockholder may revoke a previously submitted proxy at any time prior to its use by:
|
|
|
delivering to the Secretary of Plug Power a later-dated signed notice of revocation; |
|
|
|
delivering to the Secretary of Plug Power a later-dated, signed proxy (which will automatically replace any earlier dated proxy card that you returned); or
|
|
|
|
attending the special meeting and voting in person. |
Attendance at the special meeting does not in itself constitute the revocation of a previously submitted proxy.
If your shares are held in street name, your broker or nominee may permit you to vote by telephone or electronically. Please check your proxy card or contact your broker or nominee to
determine whether either of these methods of voting is available to you.
46
Holders of Plug Power common stock do not have dissenters
appraisal rights under Delaware law in connection with the merger or the stock option exchange.
Other Matters to be Voted on
Plug Power knows of no matters that will be presented for
consideration at the special meeting other than those stated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. However, if any other matters do properly come before the special meeting, the proxy holders will vote proxies in accordance with their best
judgment regarding such matters.
Recommendation of Plug Powers Board of Directors
The Plug Power board of
directors has unanimously determined that the merger including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, is advisable and in the best interests of Plug Powers stockholders.
Accordingly, the Plug Power board of directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger pursuant to the merger agreement, and
recommends that its stockholders vote FOR approval of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger pursuant to the merger agreement.
The matters to be considered at the special meeting are of great importance to the stockholders of Plug Power. Accordingly, Plug Power stockholders are urged to read and carefully consider the
information presented in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and to complete, date, sign and promptly return the enclosed proxy in the enclosed postage-paid envelope.
THE SPECIAL MEETING OF H POWERS STOCKHOLDERS
H Power is furnishing this joint
proxy statement/prospectus to all stockholders of record of H Power common stock in connection with the solicitation of proxies by H Powers board of directors for use at the special meeting of H Power stockholders to be held on
2003, and at any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting. This joint proxy statement/prospectus also is being furnished by Plug Power to H Power stockholders as a
prospectus for Plug Power common stock to be issued in connection with the merger.
Date, Time and Place of Meeting
The special meeting will be held at
on , 2003, at a.m., local time.
Purpose of the Special Meeting
At the special meeting, and any adjournment or
postponement thereof, H Power stockholders will be asked:
|
1. |
|
to consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt and approve the merger agreement and approve the merger; and |
|
2. |
|
to transact any other business that may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting.
|
A copy of the merger agreement is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. H Power
stockholders are encouraged to read the merger agreement in its entirety and the other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully before deciding how to vote.
47
The H Power board of directors has fixed the close of business on
as the record date for determination of H Power stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the special meeting.
Votes Required for Adoption and Approval of the Merger Agreement and Approval of the Merger
As a condition to completion of the merger, the Delaware General Corporation Law and the merger agreement require that the holders of a majority of the voting shares of H Power as of the record date must vote to adopt and approve the
merger agreement and approve the merger. Each share of H Power common stock entitles the holder to one vote per share with respect to the merger agreement and the merger. There are no other voting securities of H Power.
As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting,
shares of H Power common stock were outstanding, and held by approximately
stockholders of record.
As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting, directors and
executive officers of H Power (and their respective affiliates) collectively owned approximately 2.0% of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting on the merger agreement and the merger. This does not
include 305,126 shares of H Power common stock issuable upon the exercise of presently exercisable options which these directors and officers beneficially own. If all of these stock options had been exercised prior to the record date for the special
meeting, the directors and executive officers of H Power (and their respective affiliates) would collectively own approximately 4.7% of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting.
Two executive officers and an affiliate of H Power have entered into voting agreements and delivered irrevocable proxies, pursuant to
which they have agreed to vote their shares of H Power common stock in favor of adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger, in favor of any matter that would be expected to facilitate the merger, and against any
alternative proposals to the merger. At the close of business on the record date for the special meeting, these officers and affiliates collectively owned approximately 12.2% of the outstanding shares of H Power common stock entitled to vote at the
special meeting. In addition, pursuant to a stockholders and voting agreement among H Power, Lehman Brothers, Mr. Norman Rothstein and Mr. Frederick Entman and certain of their affiliates, who collectively own 11.3%, in the case of the Rothstein
family, and 9.7%, in the case of the Entman family, of H Powers common stock, these investors have granted to H Powers independent directors an irrevocable proxy for their shares, and such shares will be voted in the same proportion as
those of H Powers stockholders generally for approval of the merger agreement and the merger.
Quorum, Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
A majority of all voting shares of H Power
issued and outstanding as of the record date, represented in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business at the special meeting. H Power will appoint an officer of American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, H
Powers transfer agent, to function as the inspector of elections of the special meeting. The inspector of elections will ascertain whether a quorum is present, tabulate votes and determine the voting results on all matters presented to H Power
stockholders at the special meeting. If a quorum is not obtained, or fewer voting shares of H Power are voted for the adoption and approval of the merger agreement and the approval of the merger than a majority of the voting shares eligible to vote
at the special meeting in person or by proxy, the special meeting may be postponed or adjourned for the purpose of allowing additional time for obtaining additional proxies or votes. At any subsequent reconvening of the special meeting, all proxies
will be voted in the same manner as the proxies would have been voted at the original convening of the special meeting, except for any proxies that have been effectively revoked or withdrawn prior to the subsequent reconvening of the special
meeting.
If you submit a proxy that indicates an abstention from voting on all matters presented at the special
meeting, your shares will be counted as present for the purpose of determining the existence of a quorum at the
48
special meeting, but will not be voted on any matter presented at the special meeting. Consequently, your abstention will have the same effect as a vote against the proposal to adopt and approve
the merger agreement and to approve the merger. In addition, the failure of an H Power stockholder to return a proxy will have the effect of a vote against the proposal to adopt and approve the merger agreement and to approve the merger.
Under the rules that govern brokers who have record ownership of shares that are held in street name
for their clients who are the beneficial owners of the shares, brokers have discretion to vote these shares on routine matters but not on non-routine matters. The adoption and approval of the merger agreement and the approval of the merger at the
special meeting are not considered routine matters. Accordingly, brokers will not have discretionary voting authority to vote your shares at the special meeting. A broker non-vote occurs when brokers do not have discretionary voting
authority and have not received instructions from the beneficial owners of the shares. At the special meeting, broker non-votes will be counted for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum but will not be counted for the purpose of
determining the number of votes cast on the merger agreement and the merger. Accordingly, at the special meeting, broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote against the proposal to adopt and approve the merger agreement and to approve the
merger. Consequently, H Power stockholders are urged to return the enclosed proxy card marked to indicate their vote.
Solicitation of Proxies and Expenses
H Power will bear its own expenses in connection
with the solicitation of proxies for the special meeting, except that each of H Power and Plug Power will pay one-half of all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the printing, filing and mailing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
In addition to solicitation by mail, H Power may retain outside agencies for the purpose of soliciting proxies,
in which case H Power will pay the fees and expenses of those agencies. Record holders such as brokerage houses, nominees, fiduciaries and other custodians will be requested to forward soliciting materials to beneficial owners and to request
authority for the exercise of proxies, and, upon the request of such record holders, they will be reimbursed for their reasonable expenses incurred in sending proxy materials to beneficial owners.
Voting of Proxies at the Special Meeting and Revocation of Proxies
H Power requests
that all holders of H Power common stock on the record date complete, date and sign the accompanying proxy card and promptly return it in the accompanying envelope or otherwise mail it to H Power. Brokers holding voting shares in street
name may vote the shares only if the beneficial owner provides instructions on how to vote. Brokers will provide directions to beneficial owners on how to instruct your broker to vote the shares. Please note, however, that if the holder of
record of your shares is your broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the special meeting, you must bring a letter from the broker, bank or other nominee confirming that you are the beneficial owner of the shares. All properly executed
proxies that H Power receives prior to the vote at the special meeting, and that are not revoked, will be voted in accordance with the instructions indicated on the proxy card. If no direction is indicated on such proxies, such proxies will be voted
in favor of adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger (except for broker non-votes, which are discussed above).
An H Power stockholder may revoke a previously submitted proxy at any time prior to its use by:
|
|
|
delivering to the Secretary of H Power a later-dated signed notice of revocation; |
|
|
|
delivering to the Secretary of H Power a later-dated, signed proxy (which will automatically replace any earlier dated proxy card that you returned); or
|
|
|
|
attending the special meeting and voting in person. |
49
Attendance at the special meeting does not in itself constitute the revocation of
a previously submitted proxy.
If your shares are held in street name, your broker or nominee may
permit you to vote by telephone or electronically. Please check your proxy card or contact your broker or nominee to determine whether either of these methods of voting is available to you.
Holders of H Power common stock do not have dissenters
appraisal rights under Delaware law that would give them the right to obtain the payment of cash in exchange for their shares of H Power common stock as a result of the merger.
Other Matters to be Voted On
H Power knows of no matters that will be presented for
consideration at the special meeting other than those stated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. However, if any other matters do properly come before the special meeting, the proxy holders will vote proxies in accordance with their best
judgment regarding such matters.
Recommendation of H Powers Board of Directors
The H Power board of directors has
unanimously determined that the merger is advisable, in the best interests of H Power stockholders and on terms that are fair to the stockholders of H Power. Accordingly, the H Power board of directors has unanimously approved the merger
agreement and the merger and recommends that stockholders vote FOR adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. In considering such recommendation, H Power stockholders should be aware that some H Power directors and
officers have interests in the merger that are different from, or in addition to, those of H Power stockholders. For more information about these interests, see the section entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsConsideration of the
Merger by H Powers Board of DirectorsInterests of H Powers Directors and Officers in the Merger beginning on page 67 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The matters to be considered at the special meeting are of great importance to the stockholders of H Power. Accordingly, H Power stockholders are urged to read and
carefully consider the information presented in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and to complete, date, sign and promptly return the enclosed proxy in the enclosed postage-prepaid envelope.
H Power stockholders should not send any stock certificates with their proxy cards. A transmittal form with instructions for the
surrender of H Power common stock certificates will be mailed to you promptly following completion of the merger. For more information regarding the procedures for exchanging H Power stock certificates for Plug Power stock certificates, see the
section entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementExchange of H Power Stock Certificates For Plug Power Stock Certificates beginning on page 79 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
THE MERGER AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The following is a description of the material
aspects of the merger and related transactions, including the merger agreement and certain other agreements entered into in connection with the merger agreement. While we believe that the following description covers the material terms of the
merger, the merger agreement and the related transactions and agreements, the description may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire document and the other documents we refer to for a more
complete understanding of the merger and the related transactions. In particular, the following summary of the merger
50
agreement, as amended, is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the copy of the merger agreement attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A and
incorporated by reference herein. You should read the merger agreement carefully and in its entirety for a complete understanding of the terms of the merger and related transactions.
Since H Powers initial public offering in August 2000,
H Powers board of directors has continually sought ways to enhance stockholder value, including encouraging management to seek additional strategic and financial partners relating to H Powers business.
In November, 2001, H Power entered into discussions with Company A, a large supplier of automotive systems, with respect to such company
becoming the exclusive North American contract manufacturer of H Powers products. The parties discussed a potential business relationship, including an exchange of equity; the transfer of certain technology and intellectual property for
certain products of H Power; the potential sharing of technology; the transfer of certain employees; and the sale of certain assets to H Power of Company As distributed power generation business. After numerous meetings and discussions, the
parties decided not to engage in any such transaction.
In early December 2001, an executive director of a
major stockholder of Company B, a privately held fuel cell company, contacted William Zang, chief financial officer of H Power, to engage in general conversations regarding the fuel cell industry and H Powers business.
Later in December 2001, representatives of Company B visited H Power to meet with Dr. H. Frank Gibbard, chief executive officer of H
Power, and Mr. Zang. At this meeting, H Power presented public background information on H Power to Company Bs representatives, and the parties indicated mutual interest in maintaining contact.
During March, 2002, representatives of H Power met with representatives of Company B regarding the feasibility of a business combination
involving H Power and Company B. The parties discussed the nature of a potential combination, and further discussed their respective businesses and potential synergies between the companies. Dr. Gibbard and Mr. Zang made presentations to Company B
regarding the background of H Power, and representatives of Company B invited Mr. Zang to visit one of Company Bs facilities.
On April 12, 2002, Mr. Zang toured one of Company Bs facilities and further discussed a potential business combination with representatives of Company B.
On May 2, 2002, Dr. Gibbard and Mr. Zang met with representatives of Company B, including representatives of certain of its major stockholders, and Company Bs chief
executive officer. Dr. Gibbard and Mr. Zang presented public information regarding H Power and the chief executive officer presented public information regarding Company B. The parties discussed possible synergies in a combination of their
respective businesses. The parties agreed to proceed with high level due diligence reviews of each other, including visits to production facilities and limited exchanges of business information. For the remainder of May 2002, the parties continued
with their respective diligence reviews.
In May and June 2002, a Canadian investment group initiated discussions
with H Power regarding a possible financial investment in H Power. The primary focus of this investment group is to invest in businesses with operations in Quebec, Canada.
At the June 12, 2002, meeting of the H Power board of directors, the status of negotiations between H Power and Company B was presented to the board by management. The
board agreed that as a condition to any potential business combination, the stockholders of Company B would be required to make a substantial capital infusion into the combined entity.
51
During the Fall of 2001 through Spring 2002, as part of their efforts to improve
Plug Powers business and enhance stockholder value, Plug Powers management and its board of directors periodically considered various strategic alternatives. In addition, as Plug Powers board and management began to focus on its
future capital requirements, they investigated a variety of financial options, including follow-on public securities offerings, shelf registration statements, private investment in public equity transactions and private placements.
Eventually, at a special board meeting on June 25, 2002, Plug Powers board of directors authorized the establishment of a special committee, consisting of Mr. Douglas Hickey, Mr. Larry Garberding and Gen. John Shalikashvili, that was delegated
the authority to consider and evaluate mergers, acquisitions and other corporate finance transactions involving Plug Power, to participate in the negotiation of the material terms and conditions of any such transaction, and to recommend to the Plug
Power board of directors the advisability of entering into a definitive agreement with respect to any such transaction.
On July 2, 2002, Dr. Gibbard called Dr. Roger Saillant, president and chief executive officer of Plug Power. While the parties had previously communicated from time to time regarding possible joint development opportunities, none of
such previous communications resulted in any material negotiations. Dr. Gibbard met with Dr. Saillant to inquire about Plug Powers willingness to consider a strategic partnership or business combination between H Power and Plug Power.
At the July 25, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of directors, Dr. Gibbard informed the H Power board of
directors that he had met with Dr. Saillant and that the parties would schedule initial meetings to explore the possibility of a strategic partnership or business combination. The board was also updated on the status of the Canadian investment group
proposal and the discussions with Company B, and H Powers strategies in the event funding initiatives were not successful.
On July 25, 2002, Plug Power engaged Stephens Inc. to serve as its financial advisor in connection with its efforts to effect one or more strategic business combinations with potential acquisition candidates within the fuel cell
industry.
On August 2, 2002, Dr. Saillant made a presentation to the Plug Power special committee, with W. Mark
Schmitz, Plug Powers vice president and chief financial officer, Ana-Maria Galeano, Plug Powers corporate secretary, Mr. Silvestri, Plug Powers chief operating officer, and a partner from Goodwin Procter LLP, Plug Powers
legal counsel, in attendance at the request of the committee, concerning the status of discussions with H Power. Dr. Saillant indicated that, at H Powers request, key executives of Plug Power had scheduled a meeting with their counterparts
from H Power at Plug Powers Latham, New York offices for August 5, 2002.
On August 5, 2002, representatives
of H Power, including Dr. Gibbard, Mr. Zang, Dudley Wass, chief operating officer of H Power, Arthur Kaufman, chief technology officer of H Power and David Elkaim, vice president of operations and general manager of H Power Enterprises of Canada, a
wholly-owned subsidiary of H Power, and representatives of Lehman Brothers met with Dr. Saillant, Mr. Silvestri, Mark Sperry, Plug Powers vice president and chief marketing officer, and Dr. John Elter, Plug Powers vice president-research
and systems architecture, at Plug Powers executive offices in Latham, New York, to further discuss possibilities relating to a business combination between H Power and Plug Power and to further review Plug Powers business operations,
technology and intellectual property portfolio and facilities.
On August 12, 2002, Mr. Silvestri made a
presentation to the Plug Power special committee, with Ms. Galeano, Dr. Saillant, Mr. Schmitz and David Neumann, Plug Powers controller, in attendance at the request of the special committee, summarizing the discussions that occurred on August
5, 2002 with H Power executives. Based on this report, the special committee authorized Plug Power management to pursue entering into a confidentiality agreement with H Power to be followed by a period of due diligence in which Plug Power would be
assisted by representatives of Stephens. On August 12, 2002, Plug Power and H Power entered into a confidentiality agreement. Beginning immediately thereafter and continuing through the remainder of summer 2002, each of Plug Power and H Power
conducted preliminary due diligence on the other company and preliminary due diligence materials were exchanged between the parties and their financial advisors.
52
On August 14, 2002, the executive committee of the H Power board of directors met
and approved the engagement of Lehman Brothers as H Powers financial advisor on an exclusive basis to render financial advisory services concerning a strategic transaction with either Company B or Plug Power. H Power and Lehman Brothers
executed an Engagement Letter on August 27, 2002.
From August 19 through August 23, 2002, on-site business and
technical due diligence was conducted on H Power by Plug Powers representatives at H Powers New Jersey, North Carolina, and Montreal facilities.
On August 22, 2002, Paul McNeill, H Powers vice president-marketing and sales, and Mr. Zang presented H Powers current business plan to Plug Power at a meeting in Lehman Brothers
offices in New York City.
On August 29, 2002, a joint presentation was made to H Powers executive committee
and certain members of Company Bs board of directors regarding a potential business combination between H Power and Company B.
Also on August 29, 2002, Mr. Schmitz made a presentation to the Plug Power special committee, with Ms. Galeano, Dr. Saillant, Mr. Silvestri and representatives from Stephens in attendance at the request of the special
committee, reporting upon the completion by management and Stephens of a preliminary due diligence review of H Power, and that H Power had likewise completed their due diligence review of Plug Power. Based on the results of the Plug Power review,
the special committee authorized Plug Power management to deliver a non-binding indication of interest to H Power proposing a stock-for-stock business combination with a $42 to $50 million valuation range, and to propose that the parties immediately
enter into an exclusivity agreement.
On August 30, 2002, Plug Power delivered to H Power a written non-binding
preliminary expression of interest from Plug Power with respect to a possible business combination setting forth a proposed all-stock purchase price in the range of $42 million to $50 million. Also on that date, H Power disclosed in its proxy
statement for its annual meeting of stockholders the engagement of Lehman Brothers as its investment bank with regard to certain strategic transactions.
On August 31, 2002, the management of H Power discussed the details of the expression of interest from Plug Power with Howard Clark, a member of H Powers board and a vice chairman of Lehman
Brothers. After consultation with Mr. Clark, it was determined that the offer did not present sufficient consideration to the stockholders of H Power. Mr. Clark then advised Mr. Garberding, a chairman of Plug Powers special committee, that the
proposal was inadequate, that H Power would not be making a counteroffer, and that no more management contact and technical due diligence exchange should take place. Plug Power returned to H Power the preliminary due diligence materials provided to
it.
At the September 3, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of directors, the board reviewed the non-binding
expression of interest received from Plug Power and was updated on the status of discussions with Company B and the Canadian investment group. Representatives of Lehman Brothers advised the board that they found the valuation range offered by Plug
Power to be inadequate. The H Power board of directors authorized management to continue considering the other merger and acquisition and financing opportunities and to report back to the board on material developments.
In early September 2002, discussions with Company B were terminated when it was determined that the total consideration which would be
received by H Power and its stockholders would not be sufficient.
On September 15, 2002, Mr. Schmitz made a
presentation to the Plug Power special committee, with Mr. Elter, Ms. Galeano, Dr. Saillant, Mr. Silvestri, Mr. Sperry, William Ernst, Plug Powers chief scientist, and representatives of Stephens in attendance at the request of the special
committee, as to the status of negotiations with H Power. Representatives of Stephens made a presentation regarding the potential transaction with H Power as well as other strategic options that Plug Power might consider in the future so as to
strengthen its balance sheet and enhance its positioning for commercial success. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Plug Power special
53
committee decided to recommend to the Plug Power board of directors to authorize a non-binding offer to H Power with a valuation range of $50 million to $60 million in Plug Power common stock.
On September 17, 2002, at a special meeting of the Plug Power board of directors, Dr. Saillant updated the board
as to the status of negotiations with H Power, managements view as to the benefits to Plug Power from a business combination transaction with H Power, and the special committees authorization from September 15, 2002. Following
discussion, the Plug Power board authorized management (1) to communicate to H Power a preliminary, non-binding offer for a business combination with Plug Power with a valuation range of $50 to $60 million in Plug Power common stock, contingent upon
H Power having an adequate net cash value at the close of the transaction and (2) to negotiate and enter into an exclusivity agreement with H Power.
At the September 18, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of directors, representatives of Lehman Brothers reported that they continued to have conversations with Stephens, who told Lehman Brothers that
they were reasonably confident that Plug Power was prepared to make an offer to merge with H Power for stock consideration in the $50 to $60 million range, but that Plug Power was requesting that H Power enter into an exclusivity agreement with Plug
Power during which more extensive due diligence would be carried out by the parties. The board was also updated on the status of discussions with the Canadian investment group. The consensus of the board was to continue to evaluate the Plug Power
proposal and to continue simultaneous discussions with Plug Power and the Canadian investment group.
On September
20, 2002, representatives of H Power met with representatives of Plug Power at Lehman Brothers offices in New York City. At this meeting, H Power and Plug Power agreed that they should enter into a mutual exclusivity agreement, based on Plug
Powers proposed valuation range of $50 to $60 million, with the intent of proceeding towards definitive documentation.
On September 23, 2002, Plug Power and H Power entered into an exclusivity agreement, pursuant to which H Power agreed not to solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage, participate in discussions with, provide any confidential
information to, enter into any agreement with or otherwise cooperate in any way with any third party with respect to competing transactions, including mergers, sales of all or substantially all assets, tender offers or sales of equity securities,
except with respect to the possible investment of the Canadian investment fund and potential investments by currently existing strategic partners or stockholders not exceeding $10 million per transaction and $20 million for all transactions. The
exclusivity agreement originally remained in effect through the close of business on October 14, 2002 but was amended on October 15, 2002 to remain in effect through October 31, 2002.
During the period from September 23 through November 5, 2002, members of H Powers management team, together with its accounting, financial and legal advisors,
conducted business, financial, accounting and legal due diligence and participated in discussion with Plug Powers advisors and management team on various issues.
During the period from September 23 through October 15, 2002, members of Plug Powers management team, representatives of Goodwin Procter LLP, Plug Powers legal
counsel, and KPMG LLP, Plug Powers independent auditors, conducted business, financial, accounting, tax and legal due diligence and participated in discussions with H Power, its legal counsel and management team on various issues.
On September 30, 2002, Plug Power and its counsel sent a draft merger agreement and voting agreement to H Power
and its counsel with respect to the proposed transaction. The parties exchanged proposed revisions and revised drafts through November 11, 2002.
On October 3, 2002, representatives of Plug Power and H Power met in New York City to discuss each partys direct hydrogen strategy.
54
At an October 8, 2002 meeting (continuing until October 9, 2002) of the Plug
Power board of directors in Detroit, Michigan, the board was updated by Stephens on the status, key transaction terms, and material outstanding issues with respect to the proposed transaction with H Power, including, without limitation, due
diligence and valuation matters. It was the consensus of the board that Plug Power management should continue its due diligence process on H Power and that Plug Powers advisors should continue transaction negotiations.
At an October 9, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of directors, the board was updated on H Power managements strategic plan and
discussions with potential investors. Lehman Brothers updated the board on the status of indications of interest from Plug Power and the material outstanding issues on the Plug Power transaction. It was the consensus of the board that H Power should
continue its due diligence process on Plug Power.
At the October 15, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of
directors, Dr. Saillant made a presentation to the board regarding the merits of a proposed transaction between H Power and Plug Power.
On October 17, 2002, a representative of Lehman Brothers and Mr. Zang attended a meeting in Plug Powers offices in Latham, New York with representatives of GE Fuel Cell Systems (GEFCS) regarding the status and outlook
for the relationship between GEFCS, Plug Power and H Powers distribution partner, ECO.
In October, 2002, at
the request of a senior managing member of a large Japanese company, Dr. Gibbard met with representatives of the company in Japan to discuss a potential investment in H Power by the company. These discussions were initiated by the Japanese company.
Dr. Gibbard presented certain public information to the company, and the parties agreed to engage in further discussions regarding this potential investment.
At the October 21, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of directors, Dr. Gibbard presented H Powers 5 year operating plan and a consultant to the board presented his comments to H Powers
operating plan.
On October 28 through 29, 2002, representatives of H Power and Plug Power and their advisors met
in the New York offices of Goodwin Procter to discuss the status of negotiations and the merger agreement and related documentation. On the evening of October 28, 2002, Plug Powers special committee held a meeting at which Ms. Galeano, Dr.
Saillant, Mr. Schmitz, Mr. Silvestri and representatives of Stephens and Goodwin Procter were in attendance at the special committees request. Dr. Saillant updated the special committee as to the status of negotiations and the due diligence
review. Following discussions, the special committee directed Stephens to deliver to Lehman Brothers a detailed written proposal for a strategic transaction with H Power substantially as Stephens delivered the next day. At the conclusion of the
meetings between the parties and their advisors on October 29, 2002, Stephens forwarded to Lehman Brothers a written proposal for a transaction valued at $53 million in Plug Power common stock, based on H Powers net cash at closing of $41
million, subject to agreement upon a number of outstanding transaction issues.
On October 29, 2002, H Power
received a letter from the senior managing director of the large Japanese company seeking to obtain the rights to an exclusive license to sell H Powers products in Japan, with a primary focus on H Powers 4.5 kilowatt RCU product. The
letter stated, among other things, that the managing director planned to recommend to his companys executive committee an investment of $5 to $10 million in H Power. Upon approval of such executive committee, the proposal would be submitted to
the companys full board of directors for approval.
At an October 30, 2002 meeting of the H Power board of
directors, the board was updated on the various strategic and financing alternatives being considered by H Power. Representatives of Lehman Brothers reviewed with the board the status of discussions with Plug Power, including the exchange ratio and
pricing mechanics. The board compared the merits and risks of managements business plan assuming H Power remained independent with the merits and risks of the proposed transaction with Plug Power.
On October 31, 2002, representatives of Plug Power, H Power, their respective counsel and Lehman Brothers met with ECO. During the
discussion, ECO proposed that its relationship with H Power be terminated
55
upon the closing of the merger. The parties agreed to negotiate a termination agreement to provide that in consideration for the termination of all prior agreements between H Power and ECO (if
and when the proposed merger between H Power and Plug Power occurred), H Power and Plug Power agreed to make payments to ECO including all payments required pursuant to existing agreements between H Power and ECO, plus a payment of $1.15 million in
lieu of H Powers obligations under the fuel cell testing agreement and other obligations and a $1 million termination payment (with certain payment obligations of Plug Power not due until and unless the proposed merger occurred).
After several meetings and due diligence reviews conducted by the Canadian investment group, H Power received a letter on
November 4, 2002, consisting of a non-binding term sheet. The letter proposed a $10 million investment in H Power, contingent on, among other things, a simultaneous equivalent investment in H Power from an additional strategic partner. The
investment was conditioned on various other factors, including finalization of due diligence reviews and proportional representation on the H Power board of directors.
On November 4, 2002, the H Power board of directors met to discuss the status of potential financing proposals, managements business plan and the proposed merger
transaction with Plug Power. At the meeting, H Power management presented its business plan providing for the continuation of H Power on a stand-alone basis if the transaction with Plug Power were not consummated. The plan presented proposed cost
reductions in technology and materials, projected sales and financial projections. H Power management also discussed with the H Power board the letters from the Canadian investment group and the Japanese company relating to the provision of
financing in the aggregate amount of $15 to $20 million. The H Power board then reviewed the status of the Plug Power transaction and discussed the progress of the due diligence reviews and negotiations on the definitive agreement. Management and H
Powers legal counsel respectively summarized business and legal due diligence. Representatives of Lehman Brothers made a presentation to the board regarding the proposed merger consideration, key transactions points, and valuation analysis and
stated that they would be prepared to issue an opinion that the exchange ratio is fair, from a financial point of view, to H Powers stockholders. It was the consensus of the board that management should proceed to finalize the terms of the
proposed transaction with Plug Power and report back to the board.
Also on November 4, 2002, the Plug Power board
of directors met to discuss the status of the negotiations with H Power. Plug Power management updated the board as to events since the previous board meeting on October 8 and 9, 2002, including the process undertaken with respect to the conducting
of mutual business, financial and legal due diligence of Plug Power and H Power, and negotiations of a definitive agreement. During the meeting, representatives of Stephens reviewed the financial aspects of the proposed transaction and confirmed
their ability, if negotiations progressed as expected, to be able to issue an opinion that the exchange ratio in the merger agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to Plug Power. Following this presentation and discussion, the board
unanimously approved the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the issuance of Plug Power common stock in the merger, subject to any necessary or appropriate changes approved by specified Plug Power
officers prominently involved in the negotiations.
On November 8, 2002, Dr. Gibbard received an unsolicited
letter of intent dated November 7, 2002 from a private equity fund which was affiliated with a mortgage banking firm. The letter stated that their interest in H Power was based primarily on H Powers current market capitalization to balance
sheet equity ratio. The letter set forth their intention to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of H Power for a price of approximately $3.41 per share in cash, totaling approximately $36.7 million, in a transaction which would have the
support of both H Power management and the board of directors. The offer was subject to a due diligence investigation by both the fund and its financing sources, execution of a definitive merger agreement, approval of the respective boards of the
fund and H Power, and other conditions. The letter stated that the fund anticipated that the aggregate amount necessary to purchase all of the common stock of H Power would be comprised of working capital of the fund and financing from its lender.
Dr. Gibbard, together with H Powers legal and financial advisors, called representatives of the fund on November 8, 2002. They reviewed with the fund the background of the fund, the types of transactions in which the fund invested, the fact
that the fund had never consummated an acquisition of a public company, and the type and timing of the due diligence investigation they
56
would undertake, including a review of scientific, accounting, legal, financial and contingent liability issues. The representatives of the fund indicated that they believed their offer
constituted a significant premium to H Powers market capitalization and would enable stockholders to achieve a liquidity event.
On November 10, 2002, the H Power board of directors met to consider the final terms of the merger, as well as the letter of intent from the private equity fund. At the meeting, the board reviewed the letter of intent,
noting that it was subject to substantial due diligence risks, offered a lower price than the proposed transaction with Plug Power and was subject to execution risks, including financial conditions. It was the consensus of the board that the
transaction set forth in the letter of intent was not a viable alternative to the merger with Plug Power. Lehman Brothers then presented an update of its financial analyses and delivered and discussed its written fairness opinion regarding the
exchange ratio with respect to the merger. Counsel for H Power updated the board regarding the legal and regulatory aspects of the proposed transaction, reviewed the fiduciary obligations of the H Power directors and described the terms of the
merger agreement and related documents. The directors again discussed their views of the presentations and the transaction, including the potential advantages and risks associated with the merger. After discussion, the H Power board unanimously
determined that the merger was advisable, in the best interests of the H Power stockholders, and on terms that are fair to the stockholders. The board unanimously approved the merger and the merger agreement and recommended that stockholders vote
their shares in favor of adopting and approving the merger agreement and approving the merger, and further authorized the officers to execute and deliver the merger agreement to Plug Power.
Between November 4, 2002 and November 11, 2002, Plug Powers management provided continual updates on the status of the negotiations and definitive documentation to
the Plug Power board of directors, and indicated that the terms of the merger agreement remained materially consistent to those discussed at the November 4, 2002 Plug Power board meeting. Stephens delivered to the Plug Power board of directors its
written fairness opinion, dated November 11, 2002, stating the exchange ratio in the merger agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to Plug Power as of that date.
After the close of business on November 11, 2002, the parties executed the merger agreement and certain voting agreements and issued a joint press release announcing the
transaction before the opening of business on November 12, 2002.
Consideration of the Merger by H Powers Board of Directors
H Powers
Reasons for the Merger
H Powers board of directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement
and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and has determined that the merger agreement and the merger are in the best interests of H Powers stockholders.
The following discussion of H Powers reasons for the merger contains a number of forward-looking statements that reflect the current views of H Power with respect to
future events that may have an effect on its future financial performance. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Cautionary statements that identify important factors that could cause or contribute to differences in results and outcomes include those discussed or incorporated by reference in the section entitled Cautionary
Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in this Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page 24 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and the section entitled Risk Factors beginning on page 26 of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
The decision by H Powers board of directors was based on a number of potential
benefits and material factors pertaining to the merger, including those set forth below:
Merger
Consideration. In addition to the analyses and presentations by H Powers financial advisor described in the section entitled Opinion of H Powers Financial Advisor beginning on page 60 of this
57
joint proxy statement/prospectus, the H Power board of directors looked at the exchange ratio represented by the proposed merger as of November 1, 2002, as representative of the consideration to
be offered to the holders of H Power common stock in the merger. The board considered:
|
|
|
the fact that the proposed exchange ratio offered a significant premium to H Powers stockholders relative to the historical and current stock price for H
Power, |
|
|
|
that given the competitive nature of the hydrogen fuel cell industry and H Powers recent stock price performance, the exchange ratio gives H Powers
stockholders a value per share which may not be achievable within a reasonable time period; and |
|
|
|
that the merger was therefore an attractive opportunity for H Powers stockholders. |
H Powers board of directors also considered the ability of H Powers stockholders to continue to participate in the growth of
the combined company since the consideration to be received by H Powers stockholders consists of shares of Plug Power common stock.
Advice from H Powers Financial Advisor. H Powers board of directors considered the detailed presentations made by Lehman Brothers, H Powers financial advisor, with respect to
the proposed exchange ratio to be offered to the holders of H Powers common stock in the merger. The H Power board of directors also considered Lehman Brothers written opinion, that, as of the date of such opinion and based upon and
subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth therein, the exchange ratio offered to the holders of H Power common stock in the merger agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.
Review of Prospects in Remaining Independent. H Powers board of directors considered H
Powers financial condition, results of operations and business and earnings prospects if it were to remain an independent entity, including the lack of a major corporate and strategic partner. The board also considered H Powers financing
prospects, including the lack of definitiveness of any financing proposal, the uncertainty of timing for the closing of any prospective financing transaction, the conditions and contingencies regarding a possible financing, and potential significant
dilution to stockholders, given H Powers market capitalization. It was the boards assessment that remaining independent was not reasonably likely to present superior opportunities or create greater value for H Powers stockholders
than the prospects presented by the merger.
Certain Terms of the Merger Agreement Relating to Alternative
Transactions. In evaluating the adequacy of the consideration to be received, the H Power board of directors determined that the merger agreement did not preclude an unsolicited third party offer for H Power. In
particular, in connection with an acquisition proposal more favorable from a financial point of view than the merger, subject to restrictions and the potential payment of a termination fee discussed more fully in the section entitled The
Merger AgreementPayment of Termination Fee and Expenses beginning on page 91 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, the merger agreement permits the H Power board of directors, if required by its fiduciary duties, to:
|
|
|
provide information to, and engage in discussion or negotiations with, a third party that makes an unsolicited superior proposal (as defined in the merger
agreement); and |
|
|
|
withdraw or modify its recommendation that the stockholders vote in favor of adopting and approving the merger agreement and approving the merger.
|
Limited Closing Conditions. The H Power board of directors considered the
limited nature of the closing conditions included in the merger agreement, and the likelihood that the merger agreement would be approved by H Powers stockholders.
Realization of Liquidity. The H Power board of directors further considered the recent relative lack of liquidity of H Powers common
stock. The H Power board of directors believed that some of this lack of liquidity was due to the absence of material market analyst coverage and relatively small market capitalization of H
58
Power. By providing for the exchange of H Power common stock for Plug Power common stock, the merger would enable existing H Power stockholders to experience the advantages of a more liquid
investment, as Plug Power common stock has historically experienced higher average trading volumes than H Power common stock.
Other Potential Benefits. In addition to the benefits discussed above, the board of directors identified a number of other potential benefits, including:
|
|
|
increased visibility and market capitalization of the combined company; |
|
|
|
increased financial strength of the combined company; and |
|
|
|
greater intellectual property and technical resources of the combined company. |
The H Power board of directors also identified and considered a number of potentially negative factors in its deliberations concerning the merger, including, but not
limited to:
|
|
|
the merger agreement permits Plug Power to terminate the agreement if the H Power board of directors withdraws its recommendation in favor of the merger with
Plug Power or recommends another proposal; |
|
|
|
the merger agreement requires H Power to pay a termination fee to Plug Power if the merger agreement is terminated under some circumstances (See The
Merger AgreementPayment of Termination Fee and Expenses on page 91); |
|
|
|
risks associated with fluctuations in Plug Powers stock price prior to the merger; |
|
|
|
the risk of disruption of sales momentum and H Powers operations as a result of uncertainties created by the announcement of the merger;
|
|
|
|
the interests of the directors and officers that are different from, or in addition to, those of H Powers stockholders generally, including the receipt of
change of control payments under the employment agreements with certain executive officers of H Power; and |
|
|
|
other applicable risks described in the section of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled Risk Factors on page 26.
|
The H Power board of directors noted that the voting agreements and the termination payment provisions of
the merger agreement could have the effect of discouraging alternative proposals for a business combination between H Power and a third party. However, the board of directors concluded that the amount of the fee that H Power may be obligated to pay,
and the circumstances under which it may be payable are typical for transactions of this size and type, are not likely to discourage any such proposals and were necessary to induce Plug Power to enter into the merger agreement.
The H Power board of directors believed that the potential negative factors were not sufficient, individually or in the
aggregate, to outweigh the potential advantages.
Other Factors Considered by H Powers Board of
Directors
The H Power board of directors consulted with senior management and its financial and legal
advisors and considered a number of other factors in its deliberations concerning the merger, including:
|
|
|
the H Power board of directors familiarity with, and information provided by H Powers management as to, the business, financial condition, results
of operations, current business strategy and future prospects of H Power, as well as the risks involved in achieving those prospects and objectives in current industry and market conditions, the nature of the markets in which H Power operates, H
Powers position in such markets, and the historical and current market prices for H Powers shares; |
59
|
|
|
the information provided to the H Power board of directors by the officers of H Power and Lehman Brothers with respect to the financial aspects of the merger
and the advantages of a combination of Plug Power and H Power from the point of view of H Power and its stockholders; |
|
|
|
alternatives to the merger, as well as the risks, financial and otherwise, inherent in continuing as an independent public company in an industry that is
changing rapidly as opposed to the strengths of a combination between Plug Power and H Power; |
|
|
|
the process engaged in by H Powers management and financial advisor, which included discussions with another merger candidate and financing institutions,
enabled the H Power board of directors to have what it believed to be an accurate sense of the values that could be achieved in a third party transaction; |
|
|
|
H Powers need for financing, and the lack of definitive alternatives to the merger for available financing; |
|
|
|
the review of the material terms and conditions of the merger as reflected in the merger agreement, including (1) the provisions permitting H Power to respond
to unsolicited inquiries and proposals from, provide confidential information to, and participate in any discussions and negotiations with, third parties concerning sales of assets and mergers or similar transactions with H Power to the extent
required to satisfy the fiduciary obligations of its directors; (2) the break-up fee; (3) the collar; and (4) the conditions precedent to the consummation of the merger, including regulatory approval and the estimated length of time to consummate
the merger; |
|
|
|
the premium offered to H Powers stockholders relative to the current, historical and projected stock price for H Power, including the boards
conclusion that given the competitive nature of the fuel cell industry and H Powers recent stock price performance, the exchange ratio gives H Powers stockholders a value per share which may not be achievable within a reasonable time
period and that the merger was thus an attractive opportunity for the stockholders; |
|
|
|
the structure of the merger, which is intended to permit holders of H Power common stock to exchange all their shares of H Power common stock on a tax-free
basis; |
|
|
|
H Powers low market capitalization, which further decreases financing options, and the fact that a higher market capitalization will provide the combined
company with a wider array of financing options; and |
|
|
|
the strategic options available to H Power, including the option of continuing to operate H Power as an independent, publicly-traded company, and the assessment
of H Powers board of directors that none of these options were reasonably likely to present superior opportunities, or were reasonably likely to create greater value for H Powers stockholders, than the prospects presented by the merger.
|
The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by H Powers board of
directors, while not exhaustive, includes the material factors considered by the board of directors. In view of the variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the merger, H Powers board of directors did not find it
practicable to, and did not, quantify or otherwise assign relative or specific weight or values to any of these factors, and individual directors may have given different weights to different factors.
Recommendation of H Powers Board of Directors
The H Power board of directors has unanimously determined that the merger is advisable, in the best interests of H Power stockholders and on terms that are fair to the H
Power stockholders. Accordingly, the H Power board of directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger and recommends that its stockholders vote FOR adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the
merger.
Opinion of H Powers Financial Advisor
On August 27, 2002, the H Power board of directors engaged Lehman Brothers Inc. to act as its financial advisor with respect to pursuing a
merger with Plug Power. On November 10, 2002, Lehman Brothers rendered
60
its oral opinion (subsequently confirmed in writing on November 11, 2002) to the H Power board of directors that as of such date, and based upon and subject to certain matters stated in its
written opinion, from a financial point of view, the exchange ratio offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger was fair to H Powers stockholders.
Although Lehman Brothers evaluated the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger, the exchange ratio itself was
determined through arms length negotiations between H Powers senior management and Plug Powers senior management with the assistance of their advisors. H Power did not provide specific instructions to, or place any limitation on,
Lehman Brothers with respect to the procedures to be followed or factors to be considered by Lehman Brothers in performing its analyses or providing its opinion.
The full text of the Lehman Brothers written opinion, dated November 11, 2002 is attached as Annex C to this joint proxy statement/prospectus. H Power stockholders may read Lehman Brothers
opinion for a discussion of the assumptions made, procedures followed, factors considered and limitations upon the review undertaken by Lehman Brothers in rendering its opinion. The following is a summary of the material financial analyses presented
by Lehman Brothers to the H Power board of directors on November 10, 2002 in connection with the rendering of its oral opinion on that date.
Lehman Brothers advisory services and opinion were provided for the information and assistance of H Powers board of directors in connection with its consideration of the merger. Lehman
Brothers opinion is not intended to be and does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder of H Power as to how such stockholder should vote with respect to the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated in the merger agreement.
Lehman Brothers was not requested to opine as to, and its opinion does not address, (1) H Powers underlying business decision to proceed with or effect the merger or (2) the relative merit of the merger in comparison to other alternatives for
H Power (including the continued operation of H Power or the liquidation of H Power).
In arriving at its opinion,
Lehman Brothers reviewed and analyzed:
|
|
|
the merger agreement and the specific terms of the merger, including H Powers right to terminate the merger agreement in certain situations if the product
of (1) the anticipated number of shares of Plug Power common stock to be issued in the merger and (2) the reasonably anticipated average Plug Power common stock price is less than $29,675,000, the estimated net cash of H Power as of the closing of
the merger; |
|
|
|
publicly available information concerning H Power that Lehman Brothers believed to be relevant to its analysis, including H Powers Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2002; |
|
|
|
publicly available information concerning Plug Power that Lehman Brothers believed to be relevant to its analysis, including Plug Powers Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31 and June 30, 2002; |
|
|
|
financial and operating information with respect to the business, operations and prospects of H Power furnished to Lehman Brothers by management of H Power,
including financial projections of H Power on a stand-alone basis prepared by management of H Power; |
|
|
|
H Powers balance sheet, information with respect to H Powers anticipated capital and investment expenditures, the likelihood that H Power would be
able to meet its operating costs and capital requirements beyond October 2004, and the various capital market financing transactions that would be available to H Power on a stand-alone basis to fund its operations beyond October 2004;
|
|
|
|
financial and operating information with respect to the business, operations and prospects of Plug Power furnished to Lehman Brothers by management of Plug
Power, including financial projections of Plug Power on a stand-alone basis prepared by management of Plug Power and financial projections of Plug
|
61
|
Power after giving effect to the merger prepared by management of Plug Power and Plug Powers representatives; |
|
|
|
the trading histories of H Powers common stock and Plug Powers common stock from October 2001 to November 8, 2002 and a comparison of these trading
histories with those of other companies in the fuel cell power source industry that Lehman Brothers deemed relevant; |
|
|
|
a comparison of the historical financial results and present financial condition of H Power with those of other companies in the fuel cell power source industry
that Lehman Brothers deemed relevant; |
|
|
|
a comparison of the historical financial results and present financial condition of Plug Power with those of other companies in the fuel cell power source
industry that Lehman Brothers deemed relevant; |
|
|
|
the strategic benefits expected by Plug Powers management and H Powers management to result from a combination of the businesses of H Power and Plug
Power; |
|
|
|
the relative financial contributions of H Power and Plug Power to the combined company following consummation of the merger; |
|
|
|
a possible liquidation of H Power, including the cash that would be distributed to H Powers stockholders in connection with such liquidation;
|
|
|
|
a comparison of the strategic and competitive positions of H Power and Plug Power with those of other companies in the fuel cell power source industry that
Lehman Brothers deemed relevant; and |
|
|
|
a comparison of the financial terms of the merger with the financial terms of certain other recent transactions that Lehman Brothers deemed relevant.
|
In addition, Lehman Brothers had discussions with the management of H Power and of Plug Power
concerning their respective businesses, operations, assets, financial condition and prospects and undertook such other studies, analyses and investigations as it deemed appropriate.
In arriving at its opinion, Lehman Brothers assumed and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of the financial and other information used by Lehman Brothers without
assuming any responsibility for independent verification of such information and further relied upon the assurances of management of H Power and Plug Power that they were not aware of any facts or circumstances that would make such information
inaccurate or misleading. With respect to the financial projections of H Power on a stand-alone basis, upon advice of H Power, Lehman Brothers assumed that such projections had been reasonably prepared on a basis reflecting the best currently
available estimates and judgments of the management of H Power as to the future financial performance of H Power on a stand-alone basis and that H Power would perform in accordance with such projections on a stand-alone basis. With respect to the
financial projections of Plug Power on a stand-alone basis and after giving effect to the merger, upon advice of Plug Power Lehman Brothers assumed that such projections had been reasonably prepared on a basis reflecting the best currently available
estimates and judgments of the management of Plug Power as to the future financial performance of Plug Power on a stand-alone basis and after giving effect to the merger, respectively, and that Plug Power would perform, and that the combined company
will perform, in accordance with such projections. In arriving at its opinion, Lehman Brothers conducted only a limited physical inspection of the properties and facilities of H Power and of Plug Power and did not make or obtain any evaluations or
appraisals of the assets or liabilities of H Power or of Plug Power. In addition, Lehman Brothers was not authorized to solicit, and did not solicit, any indications of interest from any third party with respect to the purchase of all or a part of H
Powers business. Lehman Brothers opinion necessarily is based upon market, economic and other conditions as they existed on, and can be evaluated as of, the date of its opinion.
In addition, Lehman Brothers expressed no opinion as to the prices at which shares of Plug Power common stock will trade at any time following the announcement of the
merger or the consummation of the merger. Lehman Brothers opinion should not be viewed as providing any assurance that the market value of the shares of Plug Power common stock to be held by the stockholders of H Power after the consummation
of the merger will be in excess of the market value of the shares of H Power common stock owned by such stockholders at any time
62
prior to the announcement or the consummation of the merger. In addition, Lehman Brothers expressed no opinion as to the potential outcomes of the pending class action lawsuit against Plug Power
in which the plaintiffs allege, among other things, that Plug Power violated certain federal securities laws by failing to disclose certain information relating to its products and prospects. However, in arriving at its opinion, Lehman Brothers,
with H Powers consent, assumed that such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, stockholders equity, results of operations, business or prospects of Plug Power.
In connection with rendering its opinion, Lehman Brothers performed certain financial, comparative and other analyses as described below.
In arriving at its opinion, Lehman Brothers did not ascribe a specific range of value to H Power or Plug Power, but rather made its determination as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to H Power stockholders of the exchange ratio to be
offered to such stockholders in the merger on the basis of financial and comparative analyses. The preparation of a fairness opinion involves various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial and comparative
analysis and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances, and therefore, such an opinion is not readily susceptible to summary description. Furthermore, in arriving at its opinion, Lehman Brothers did not attribute any
particular weight to any analysis or factor considered by it, but rather made qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and factor. Accordingly, Lehman Brothers believes that its analyses must be considered as a
whole and that considering any portion of such analyses and factors, without considering all analyses and factors as a whole, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the process underlying its opinion. In its analyses, Lehman Brothers made
numerous assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business and economic conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of H Power and Plug Power. None of H Power, Plug Power, Lehman Brothers or any other person
assumes responsibility if future results are materially different from those discussed. Any estimates contained in these analyses were not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly
more or less favorable than as set forth therein. In addition, analyses relating to the value of businesses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which businesses actually may be sold.
The following is a summary of the material financial analyses used by Lehman Brothers in connection with rendering its opinion to H
Powers board of directors. Some of the summaries of the financial and comparative analyses include information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand the methodologies used by Lehman Brothers and the results of its financial
and comparative analyses, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial and comparative analyses. Accordingly, the information presented in the tables and
described below must be considered as a whole. Considering any portion of such analyses and of the factors considered, without considering all analyses and factors as a whole, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the process underlying
Lehman Brothers opinion.
Stock Trading History
Lehman Brothers considered historical data with regard to the trading prices of H Power common stock and Plug Power common stock for the period from October 31, 2001
to November 8, 2002 and the relative stock price performances during this same period of H Power, Plug Power, and a composite of power technology companies including:
During this period, the closing stock price of H Power ranged from $1.75 to $22.15 per share, and the closing price of Plug Power ranged from $3.39 to $13.10 per share.
63
Historical Exchange Ratio Analysis
Lehman Brothers also compared the historical per share prices of H Power and Plug Power during different periods during the 6-month period
prior to November 8, 2002 in order to determine the implied average exchange ratio that existed for those periods. The following table indicates the average exchange ratio of Plug Power common stock for H Power common stock during the previous
90-day period, the maximum and minimum exchange ratio based on daily closing prices for each stock during the previous 6 months, and the implied exchange ratio as of November 8, 2002. Lehman Brothers concluded that such analysis was supportive of
its opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger.
|
|
As of 11/08/02
|
|
|
6-Month Max.
|
|
|
6-Month Min.
|
|
|
90-Day
|
|
Implied Exchange Ratio Analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange Ratio |
|
0.4014 |
|
|
0.9672 |
|
|
0.3390 |
|
|
0.6694 |
|
Implied H Power share of combined company |
|
7.8 |
% |
|
17.1 |
% |
|
6.7 |
% |
|
12.4 |
% |
The exchange ratio to be affected by the merger is within the range
of .7270 to .8886 assuming no adjustment to net cash at the effective time of the merger as outlined in the merger agreement.
Comparable Company Analysis
In order to assess how the public market values
shares of similar publicly traded companies, Lehman Brothers reviewed and compared specific financial and operating data relating to H Power and Plug Power with selected companies that Lehman Brothers deemed comparable to the companies. In selecting
comparable companies for both H Power and Plug Power, Lehman Brothers considered proton exchange membrane (PEM) and stationary application fuel cell companies, and in particular the bifurcation within the fuel cell industry between companies with
well-known strategic and distribution partners and those without.
For H Power, Lehman Brothers included in its
review of comparable companies the following fuel cell companies:
|
|
|
FuelCell Energy, Inc.; and |
|
|
|
Proton Energy Systems, Inc. |
Using publicly available information, Lehman Brothers calculated for each of H Power and the selected fuel cell comparable companies listed above, the ratio of equity market value to net cash balances. As of November 8,
2002, the last trading date prior to the delivery of Lehman Brothers opinion, the comparable companies mean multiple of equity value to net cash ranged from 0.65x to 0.85x.
Lehman Brothers also compared selected financial data of Plug Power with similar data of selected companies engaged in businesses considered by Lehman Brothers to be
comparable to that of Plug Power. Specifically, Lehman Brothers included in its review of comparable companies the following fuel cell companies:
|
|
|
Ballard Power Systems, Inc.; and |
Again, using publicly available information, for each of Plug Power and the selected fuel cell comparable companies listed above, Lehman Brothers calculated the ratio of equity market value to net cash balances. As of November 8,
2002 , the comparable companies mean multiple of equity value to net cash ranged from 3.10x to 3.30x.
The
relevant net cash multiples were applied to H Power and Plug Powers current net cash balances, respectively. This analysis yielded an implied exchange ratio in the range of 0.6447 to 0.8975.
64
Because of the inherent differences between the businesses, operations, financial
conditions and prospects of H Power and Plug Power and the businesses, operations, financial conditions and prospects of the companies included in their comparable company groups, Lehman Brothers believed that it was inappropriate to rely solely on
the quantitative results of the analysis, and accordingly, also made qualitative judgments concerning differences between the financial and operating characteristics of H Power, Plug Power and the companies in their respective comparable company
groups that would affect the public trading values of H Power, Plug Power and the comparable companies. Lehman Brothers concluded that such analysis was supportive of its opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H
Powers stockholders in the merger.
Precedent Transaction Analysis
Using publicly available information, Lehman Brothers reviewed comparable technology transactions from January 1, 2001 to November 8, 2002
in which net cash as shown on the most recent balance sheet of the target company consisted of 100% or greater of the transaction value.
These transactions included:
|
|
|
US RealTel Inc./Cypress CommunicationsJanuary 10, 2002 |
|
|
|
Exelixis Inc./Genomica CorpNovember 19, 2002 |
|
|
|
EM Holdings Inc./eMachines Inc.November 9, 2001 |
|
|
|
Divine Inc./Eprise CorpSeptember 18, 2001 |
|
|
|
Cross Media Marketing/Lifeminders Inc.July 19, 2001 |
|
|
|
Kana Communications/Broadbase Software Inc.April 9, 2001 |
|
|
|
AmericanGreetings.com/Egreetings Network Inc.February 5, 2001 |
|
|
|
iVillage Inc. Women.com NetworksFebruary 5, 2001 |
Lehman Brothers calculated:
|
|
|
the premium per share paid by the acquiror compared to the share price of the target company prevailing (1) one day and (2) 30 days prior to the announcement of
the transaction; |
|
|
|
the premium per share paid by the acquiror compared to net cash on the targets most recent publicly available balance sheet; and
|
|
|
|
the transaction equity value paid by the acquiror compared to the one year fiscal year forward projected revenues of the target company.
|
Lehman Brothers compared the premiums paid in the transactions described above to the premium to be paid by
Plug Power for H Power in the merger. The following table shows the mean and median 1-day and 30-day premiums, the premium to net cash as well as the ratio of transaction equity value to one year fiscal year forward projected revenues:
|
|
1-Day
|
|
|
30-Day
|
|
|
Cash Value
|
|
|
Equity Value / Fwd Rev Multiple
|
Comparable Transaction Premium Analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merger (based on Plug Power base price at signing Nov. 11, 2002) |
|
97.9 |
% |
|
42.2 |
% |
|
(3.7 |
)% |
|
12.7x |
Mean of selected transactions |
|
57.5 |
% |
|
89.8 |
% |
|
(22.9 |
)% |
|
1.7x |
Median of selected transactions |
|
43.9 |
% |
|
89.0 |
% |
|
(25.0 |
)% |
|
1.8x |
Lehman Brothers concluded that such analysis was supportive of its
opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger.
65
Equity Premium Analysis
Lehman Brothers performed an analysis of the implied premium represented by the merger, over current and historic equity trading levels,
cash at closing, and net (post-liquidation) cash of H Power. Lehman Brothers concluded that such analysis was supportive of its opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger.
Premium Analysis: |
|
Stock Price
|
|
Implied Premium to Equity Value
|
|
Stock Price as of 11/08/02 |
|
$ |
2.28 |
|
106 |
% |
5 Day Average Price |
|
$ |
2.68 |
|
76 |
% |
15 Day Average Price |
|
$ |
2.34 |
|
101 |
% |
30 Day Average Price |
|
$ |
2.70 |
|
74 |
% |
60 Day Average Price |
|
$ |
3.51 |
|
34 |
% |
90 Day Average Price |
|
$ |
3.71 |
|
27 |
% |
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
As part of its analysis, Lehman Brothers prepared a discounted after-tax cash flow model that was based upon financial projections
prepared by the management of H Power and Plug Power. Lehman Brothers compared the relative value represented by the two companies financial projections, although neither company has sufficient capital to achieve positive cash flow. This
analysis yielded an implied exchange ratio in the range of 0.1097 to 0.5392. It should be noted that all long-term industry forecasts are highly uncertain, and discount rates used are correspondingly high. Lehman Brothers concluded that such
analysis was supportive of its opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers stockholders in the merger.
Alternative Liquidation Analysis
Lehman Brothers also
performed a liquidation analysis in order to understand the residual cash that might be available to stockholders of H Power following a hypothetical liquidation of H Power. Lehman Brothers estimated the residual value of H Power as defined to be
the net remaining cash after liquidation of all H Powers assets and the extinguishment of all liabilities, and concluded that such analysis was supportive of its opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio to be offered to H Powers
stockholders in the merger. The forecasts that underlie this analysis are subject to substantial uncertainty, and therefore, actual results would likely be substantially different.
Calculation of Net Liquidation Value: |
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents as of fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2002 |
|
$ |
52.7 |
|
Less: Cash burn through an assumed closing date of January 15, 2002 |
|
($ |
10.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Cash through an assumed closing date of January 15, 2002 |
|
$ |
42.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plus: Liquidation Value of Assets. |
|
$ |
2.3 |
|
Less: Liquidation Value of Liabilities |
|
($ |
5.9 |
) |
Less: Material Obligations / Contingent Liabilities |
|
($ |
9.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Net Liquidation Value |
|
$ |
29.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Net Liquidation Value Per Share |
|
$ |
2.75 |
|
|
Value per share of H Power after giving effect to merger exchange ratio of .80 |
|
$ |
4.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
66
Lehman Brothers is an internationally recognized investment banking firm and, as
part of its investment banking activities, is regularly engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, competitive bids, secondary distributions of listed and
unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for corporate and other purposes. H Power selected Lehman Brothers because of its expertise, reputation and familiarity with H Power, Plug Power and the fuel cell industry generally and because
its investment banking professionals have substantial experience in transactions comparable to the merger.
As
compensation for its services in connection with the merger, H Power has agreed to pay Lehman Brothers a customary monthly retainer fee and a customary advisory fee upon the consummation of the merger of $1.5 million less retainer fees paid prior to
consummation of the merger. In addition, H Power has agreed to indemnify Lehman Brothers for certain liabilities that may arise out of the rendering of its opinion. Lehman Brothers also has performed various investment banking services for H
Power in the past (including acting as lead manager for the initial public offering of H Powers common stock in August 2000) and has received customary fees for such services. In the ordinary course of its business, Lehman Brothers may
actively trade in the equity securities of H Power and Plug Power for its own account and for the accounts of its customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short position in such securities. Howard L. Clark, Jr., currently a member
of H Powers board of directors, is a vice chairman of Lehman Brothers.
Interests of H Powers Directors and Officers in the Merger
In considering the
recommendation of H Powers board of directors with respect to approving the merger agreement and the merger, H Powers stockholders should be aware that some of the directors and executive officers of H Power have interests in the merger
and participate in arrangements that are different from, or are in addition to, those of H Power stockholders generally. The H Power board of directors was aware of these interests and considered them, among other matters, when it approved the
merger agreement and the merger. These interests include the following:
Accelerated Vesting of Options
The vesting restrictions on certain outstanding options held by certain non-employee directors of H Power to
purchase H Power common stock will accelerate, which will cause those stock options to become fully vested and exercisable, immediately prior to the closing of the merger. The aggregate number of shares of H Power common stock issuable upon the
exercise of unvested options that are subject to acceleration as a result of the merger and that are held by directors as of November 11, 2002, the date the merger agreement was executed, is 7,500 shares. At November 15, 2002, all such options had
an exercise price that was less than the market price of the H Power common stock on that date. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, all options to purchase H Power common stock will be converted into options to purchase Plug Power common
stock. For further discussion about the treatment of H Power options in the merger, see the section entitled The Merger and Related TransactionsThe Merger AgreementTreatment of H Power Stock Options on page 80 of this joint
proxy statement/prospectus.
Severance Agreements with H. Frank Gibbard and William Zang
Pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2002, between H Power and Dr. H. Frank
Gibbard, a director and chief executive officer of H Power, if within one year following a change in control Dr. Gibbards employment with H Power is terminated or if he is assigned duties materially inconsistent with his position, Dr. Gibbard
shall be entitled to a lump sum payment of twice his then annual base salary and incentive compensation.
Pursuant
to Amendment No. 1 to Officers Employment Agreement, effective as of August 1, 2002, between H Power and William Zang, a director and chief financial officer of H Power, if within one year following a change in control Mr. Zangs
employment with H Power is terminated, or if he is assigned duties
67
materially inconsistent with his position, Mr. Zang shall be entitled to a lump sum payment of one and one-half times his then annual base salary and incentive compensation.
Arrangements with Other Executive Officers
H Power is responsible for change of control payments to Messrs. Wass and McNeill, under their respective amended employment agreements with H Power. If within one year
following a change in control, either of Messrs. Wass and McNeill are terminated or if either is assigned duties materially inconsistent with his position, such terminated officer shall be entitled to a lump sum payment of one and one-half times his
respective annual salary and incentive compensation.
Indemnification and Directors and Officers
Insurance
H Powers officers and directors are entitled to continuing indemnification against
liabilities for matters occurring prior to the merger (including matters arising as a result of the merger) by virtue of provisions contained in H Powers certificate of incorporation and bylaws for a period of not less than 6 years from the
effective time of the merger. The merger agreement also provides that prior to the completion of the merger, H Power may spend up to $750,000 to purchase an extended tail policy under H Powers existing director and officer
insurance policy to provide the currently covered directors and officers of H Power with liability insurance coverage for 6 years following the completion of the merger; or, should such amount be insufficient for such coverage, to purchase a tail
policy for such lesser period as may be purchased for such amount. Under the merger agreement, H Power may expend funds in excess of $750,000 if it determines that $750,000 is insufficient to obtain the extended coverage for a 3 year period.
Arrangements with Directors
In connection with the merger, H Power and Plug Power entered into a termination agreement with ECO which provides for the termination of H Powers prior agreements
with ECO. The termination agreement further provides that the agreement will be effective as of the closing of the merger, and that at such time ECO will receive the balance of payments owed to ECO under the termination agreement, including a
$1,150,000 million payment in lieu of H Powers obligations under the fuel cell testing and other agreements, and a $1,000,000 termination payment. Robert L. Hance, a director of ECO, currently serves as ECOs representative on H
Powers board of directors. For a discussion of the termination agreement, see the section entitled Other Material Agreements Relating to the MergerECO Termination Agreement beginning on page 95 of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
H Power executed an engagement letter dated August 27, 2002 to retain Lehman Brothers Inc.
as its investment bank with regard to certain strategic transactions which H Power might pursue. Mr. Clark, a member of H Powers board of directors, is currently a vice-chairman of Lehman Brothers.
Consideration of the Merger by Plug Powers Board of Directors
Plug
Powers Reasons for the Merger
Plug Powers board of directors has unanimously approved the
merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the issuance of Plug Power common stock in the merger, and has determined that the terms of the merger agreement and the merger are in the best interests of Plug
Powers stockholders.
The following discussion of Plug Powers reasons for the merger contains a number
of forward-looking statements that reflect the current views of Plug Power with respect to future events. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and
outcomes discussed in the forward-looking statements. Cautionary statements that identify important factors that
68
could cause or contribute to differences in results and outcomes include those discussed or incorporated by reference in the section entitled Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements in this Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus beginning on page 24 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and the section entitled Risk Factors beginning on page 26 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The decision by Plug Powers board of directors was based on several potential benefits of the merger that the Plug Power
board of directors believes will contribute to the future success of the combined company. These potential benefits and material factors include:
|
|
|
the opinion of Stephens Inc., Plug Powers financial advisor, to the effect that as of November 11, 2002, the exchange ratio set forth in the merger
agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to Plug Power; |
|
|
|
H Powers cash reserves and Plug Powers belief that the addition of such cash to its own balance sheet would provide Plug Power with sufficient cash
to help fund operations; |
|
|
|
H Powers intellectual property rights, technical resources and other assets; |
|
|
|
the opportunity to preserve and enhance stockholder value by combining two complementary businesses; |
|
|
|
the belief that the merger represents the most favorable alternative currently available to Plug Power to increase its capital resources and further its
business objectives; |
|
|
|
the belief that, while no assurances can be given, the merger is likely to be completed because of the limited nature of the closing conditions included in the
merger agreement and the likelihood that the merger agreement will be approved by H Powers and Plug Powers stockholders; |
|
|
|
the benefits contemplated in connection with the merger, in particular the influx of capital resources, are likely to be achieved within a reasonable time
frame; |
|
|
|
the belief that the combined company will be in a better position to continue to compete effectively in the fuel cell industry; |
|
|
|
the terms of the merger agreement, including the ability of Plug Power to terminate the agreement if the H Power board of directors withdraws its recommendation
in favor of the merger or approves or recommends any other acquisition proposal and the right to receive a $2,000,000 termination fee or to be reimbursed for Plug Powers out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the merger in the
event that Plug Power terminates the merger agreement under certain circumstances; |
|
|
|
the potential cost savings through the consolidation of businesses and the elimination of duplicative costs; and |
|
|
|
the access to H Powers portfolio of strategic partners and suppliers. |
The Plug Power board of directors also identified and considered a number of potentially negative factors in its deliberations concerning the merger, including the
following:
|
|
|
the risk that the potential benefits of the merger may not be realized, in part or at all, including the risk that H Powers net cash at the effective time
of the merger may be less than at the signing of the merger agreement or the date of the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders; |
|
|
|
the risk that the merger may not be consummated, including the risks associated with obtaining the necessary approvals required to complete the merger,
notwithstanding the voting agreements obtained from stockholders representing beneficial ownership of approximately 12.2% of H Powers common stock as of November 15, 2002; |
|
|
|
the risk of management and employee disruption associated with the merger, including the risk that despite the efforts of the combined company, key technical,
marketing and management personnel might not remain employed by the combined company; |
69
|
|
|
the potential costs the combined company may incur to (1) terminate, renegotiate or amend H Powers existing obligations, including real estate and
facility leases, (2) streamline the combined companys business, (3) reduce excess capacity, including terminating employees and (4) eliminate redundant operations, including the consolidation of H Powers operations into Plug Powers
headquarters in Latham, N.Y.; |
|
|
|
the dilutive effect of the merger on Plug Powers existing stockholders; |
|
|
|
the risk that the merger could adversely affect Plug Powers relationship with some of its existing or potential customers, suppliers or strategic
partners; |
|
|
|
the potential negative effect on Plug Powers stock price as a result of the public announcement of the merger; |
|
|
|
the significant costs involved in consummating the merger; and |
|
|
|
other applicable risks described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus under Risk Factors. |
The Plug Power board of directors did not believe that the negative factors were sufficient, individually or in the aggregate, to outweigh
the potential benefits of the merger.
Factors Considered by Plug Powers Board of Directors
Plug Powers board of directors consulted with senior management and its financial and legal
advisors and considered a number of factors, including the following, in evaluating the merger:
|
|
|
the potential benefits and potential negative factors associated with the merger; |
|
|
|
information concerning H Powers business, financial performance and condition, particularly its cash position, operations, intellectual property,
technology and management; |
|
|
|
the timing of the financing provided by the merger; |
|
|
|
the relative inaccessibility and cost of other capital sources in the current economic environment; |
|
|
|
current financial market conditions and historical market prices, volatility and trading information with respect to Plug Power common stock and H Power common
stock; |
|
|
|
the terms of the merger agreement and related agreements; |
|
|
|
the potential impact of the merger on the customers, suppliers, strategic partners and employees of Plug Power and the combined company;
|
|
|
|
Plug Powers managements view as to the integration of H Power; |
|
|
|
the results of the due diligence investigation conducted by Plug Powers management, accountants, financial advisors and legal counsel;
|
|
|
|
the expected percentage ownership of the combined company by H Powers stockholders; |
|
|
|
the strategic and financial alternatives available to Plug Power; |
|
|
|
the maturation cycle with respect to the fuel cell market generally; |
|
|
|
advice of Plug Powers outside legal counsel, on the proposed terms of the merger agreement; and |
|
|
|
the analyses performed by Stephens, and its opinion (the full text of which is attached as Annex D to this joint proxy statement/prospectus).
|
The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by Plug Powers board of directors,
while not exhaustive, includes the material factors considered by the board of directors. In view of the variety of
70
factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the merger, Plug Powers board of directors did not find it practicable to, and did not, quantify or otherwise assign relative or
specific weight or values to any of these factors, and individual directors may have given different weights to different factors.
Recommendation of Plug Powers Board of Directors
The Plug Power board of
directors has unanimously determined that the merger including, without limitation, the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock is advisable and in the best interests of Plug Powers stockholders. Accordingly, the Plug Power board of
directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger and recommends that stockholders vote FOR approval of the issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger pursuant to the merger agreement.
Opinion of Plug Powers Financial Advisor
The Plug Power board of directors
engaged Stephens Inc. to provide a fairness opinion in connection with the proposed acquisition of H Power by Plug Power pursuant to the merger agreement.
On November 4, 2002, Stephens presented its oral fairness opinion and certain of its analyses to the Plug Power board of directors. From this date until November 11, 2002, the date upon which the
merger agreement was executed, the material information and data upon which Stephens fairness opinion is based did not materially change. Stephens subsequently delivered its written opinion, dated November 11, 2002, to the Plug Power board of
directors to the effect that, as of such date and subject to the qualifications set forth in the opinion, the exchange ratio, as defined in the merger agreement, was fair to Plug Power from a financial point of view.
The full text of the written fairness opinion of Stephens, which sets forth the assumptions made, general procedures followed, factors
considered and limitations on the review undertaken by Stephens in rendering its opinion, is attached as Annex D and is incorporated into this joint proxy statement/prospectus by reference. You should read this opinion in its entirety.
Stephens has consented to the use of its fairness opinion in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Stephens provided the
fairness opinion to the Plug Power board of directors for its information, and the fairness opinion is directed only to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio to Plug Power. The fairness opinion does not constitute a
recommendation to any stockholder of Plug Power as to how that stockholder should vote on the merger. The summary of the fairness opinion set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text
of the fairness opinion.
In connection with rendering its opinion, Stephens:
|
(1) |
|
analyzed certain publicly available financial statements and reports regarding Plug Power and H Power; |
|
(2) |
|
analyzed certain internal financial statements and other financial and operating data concerning Plug Power and H Power prepared by the management of each;
|
|
(3) |
|
analyzed, on a pro forma basis, the effect of the merger on Plug Powers balance sheet, capitalization ratios, earnings and book value;
|
|
(4) |
|
reviewed and compared the reported prices and trading activity for the H Power shares and Plug Power shares, with that of certain other comparable
publicly-traded companies and their securities; |
|
(5) |
|
analyzed the assets, liabilities and operations of H Power; |
|
(6) |
|
reviewed, to the extent publicly available, certain comparable transactions; |
|
(7) |
|
reviewed the merger agreement and related documents; |
71
|
(8) |
|
discussed with the management of Plug Power the operations of, and future business prospects for, Plug Power and the anticipated financial consequences of the
merger to Plug Power, including the expected costs of integrating H Power into Plug Power and any expected synergies; |
|
(9) |
|
assisted in Plug Powers deliberations regarding the material financial terms of the merger and Plug Powers negotiations with H Power;
|
|
(10) |
|
considered certain financial and strategic alternatives available to Plug Power; and |
|
(11) |
|
performed such other analyses and provided such other services as Stephens deemed appropriate. |
In preparing the fairness opinion, Stephens relied on the accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties of each party to
the merger agreement and other information and financial data provided to it by the parties, without independently verifying the same, and Stephens opinion is based, in part, upon such information. Stephens inquired into the reliability of
such information and financial data only to the limited extent necessary to provide a reasonable basis for its opinion, recognizing that it was rendering only an informed opinion and not an appraisal or certification of value.
With respect to the financial projections prepared by management of each of Plug Power and H Power, including potential
synergies, Stephens assumed that they have been reasonably prepared and reflect the best currently available estimates and judgments of the future financial performance of each company.
Stephens also assumed that in the course of obtaining the necessary regulatory or other consents or approvals (contractual or otherwise) for the merger, no restrictions,
including any divestiture agreements or amendments or modification, would be imposed that would have a material adverse impact on the contemplated benefits of the merger.
Stephens was not asked to consider, and the fairness opinion does not in any manner address, the price at which Plug Power common stock or H Power common stock would trade
following either the announcement or consummation of the merger. The fairness opinion is necessarily based upon market, economic and other conditions as they existed on, and could be evaluated on, and on the information made available to Stephens as
of, the date of the opinion.
Summary of Analyses
The following is a summary of the material financial analyses used by Stephens in connection with its fairness opinion.
The summary does not purport to be a complete description of all analyses performed and factors considered by Stephens. The preparation of
a fairness opinion involves complex considerations and various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial analyses and the application of these methods to the particular circumstances and, therefore, an opinion is
not readily susceptible to summary description. Each of the analyses conducted by Stephens was carried out in order to provide a different perspective on the transaction and to add to the total mix of information available. Stephens did not form a
conclusion as to whether any individual analysis, considered in isolation, supported or failed to support an opinion as to the fairness of the exchange ratio from a financial point of view. Rather, in reaching its conclusion, Stephens relied upon
the results of the analyses taken as a whole and also on application of Stephens own experience and judgment. Accordingly, notwithstanding the separate factors summarized below, Stephens has indicated to the Plug Power board of directors that
it believes that consideration of some of the relevant analyses and factors, without considering all analyses and factors, could create an incomplete or inaccurate view of the evaluation process underlying the opinion. The analyses performed by
Stephens are not necessarily indicative of actual values or future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than suggested by such analyses. Furthermore, as indicated below, the analyses focused, in part, on the value to Plug Power
of H Powers net cash and book value, among other assets, rather than discounted cash flow analysis or multiples of projected revenues and earnings, which Stephens deemed not as meaningful with respect to the contemplated merger.
72
Publicly Traded Company Analysis
Stephens analyzed the publicly available financial information of 7 selected publicly traded companies that Stephens believed to be
appropriate for comparison to corresponding financial information and operating data of H Power. These companies, referred to as the public comparables, were:
Ballard Power Systems, Inc.; |
|
Millennium Cell Inc.; |
Fuel Cell Energy, Inc.; |
|
Stuart Energy Systems Corporation; and |
Hydrogenics Corporation; |
|
Global Thermoelectric Inc. |
Proton Energy Systems, Inc.; |
|
|
Stephens compared, among other things, the net cash ratio, computed
as the equity market capitalization divided by cash and cash equivalents less funded debt and capital lease obligations for the public comparables. Stephens also compared the book value ratio, computed as the equity market capitalization divided by
total stockholders equity. These ratios are presented in the following table:
|
|
Public Comparable Multiples
|
|
|
Low
|
|
Median
|
|
High
|
Market Capitalization as a ratio of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Cash |
|
0.4x |
|
1.1x |
|
6.1x |
Book Value |
|
0.4 |
|
0.9 |
|
5.8 |
In light of this data and Stephens own experience and
judgment, Stephens derived a range of implied exchange ratios for the merger of:
|
|
|
.58-.99 based on a ratio of market capitalization to net cash |
|
|
|
.79-1.19 based on a ratio of market capitalization to book value |
The exchange ratio for the merger was initially calculated as approximately .80 but may vary and shall not exceed approximately .89 nor be less than approximately .73,
assuming no adjustment to net cash at the effective time of the merger as outlined in the merger agreement.
Precedent Transaction Analysis
In light of the relevance of the increase in net cash that
Plug Power may realize from the merger and the fact that there were no comparable transactions within the fuel cell industry, Stephens analyzed the transaction value multiples paid or proposed to be paid in selected precedent transactions in which
the targets net cash appeared to be a major component of the rationale for the transaction. These transactions, referred to as transaction comparables were:
|
|
|
Valueclick Inc. / Be Free Inc. March 11, 2002 |
|
|
|
MCSi Inc. / Zengine Inc. October 5, 2001 |
|
|
|
Divine Inc. / Eprise Corp. September 18, 2001 |
|
|
|
Cross Media Marketing Corp. / Lifeminders Inc. July 19, 2001 |
|
|
|
Verso Technologies Inc. / Telemate Net Software Inc. May 7, 2001 |
|
|
|
Kana Software Inc. / Broadbase Software Inc. April 9, 2001 |
Stephens compared, among other things, the net cash ratio, computed as the transaction value divided by cash and cash equivalents less funded debt and capital lease
obligations for the transaction comparables.
73
Stephens also compared the book value ratio, computed as the transaction value divided by total stockholders equity. These ratios are presented in the following table:
|
|
Transactions Comparable Multiples
|
|
|
Low
|
|
Median
|
|
High
|
Transaction Value as a ratio of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Cash |
|
0.7x |
|
1.1x |
|
1.4x |
Book Value |
|
0.6 |
|
1.0 |
|
1.6 |
In light of this data and Stephens own experience and
judgment, Stephens derived a range of implied exchange ratios for the merger of:
|
|
|
74-.99 based on a ratio of transaction value to net cash |
|
|
|
69-1.19 based on a ratio of transaction value to book value |
The exchange ratio for the merger was initially calculated as approximately .80 but may vary and shall not exceed approximately .89 nor be less than approximately .73,
assuming no adjustment to net cash at the effective time of the merger as outlined in the merger agreement.
Historical Exchange Ratio Analysis
Stephens compared the 30, 45 and 60-day closing stock
price averages for Plug Power and H Power. Using these averages, Stephens derived implied exchange ratios for the 30, 45 and 60 day periods and then compared the implied exchange ratios to the estimated .80 exchange ratio contemplated in the merger
agreement. The results of this analysis are summarized in the table below.
|
|
Implied Exchange Ratio
|
|
|
|
30 Day Average
|
|
|
45 Day Average
|
|
|
60 Day Average
|
|
Exchange Ratio |
|
0.58 |
|
|
0.62 |
|
|
0.68 |
|
Estimated Exchange Ratio per Merger Agreement |
|
0.80 |
|
|
0.80 |
|
|
0.80 |
|
Implied Premium Paid |
|
38.4 |
% |
|
29.2 |
% |
|
17.4 |
% |
Stephens concluded that the premium to be paid in the merger is
within a range of premiums paid in transactions of a like nature.
Net Cash Analysis
In light of Plug Powers objective to improve its capitalization position, Stephens made an assessment of the capital
markets environment as it might apply to Plug Power. Stephens, based partly on information provided to it by Plug Power, determined that, during the time period of the merger negotiations, such capital markets environment was extremely difficult and
that it was highly unpredictable for the foreseeable future. Therefore, Stephens also analyzed the net cash that Plug Power might expect to receive in a public equity transaction, if feasible, versus the net cash that Plug Power believes it will
realize from the merger after integration of H Powers operations, based on various assumptions. Stephens performed such analysis using various assumptions with respect to an estimated discount to the trading price of Plug Powers common
stock, in light of current capital markets conditions and with respect to the estimated value of H Powers non-cash assets. The results of such analysis indicated that one consequence of the merger is that it represents a comparable, if not
superior, method of enhancing Plug Powers capitalization, when compared to attempting to consummate a public equity transaction in the existing capital markets environment.
Fees
Pursuant to a letter
agreement between Plug Power and Stephens, Plug Power agreed to pay Stephens a fee of $350,000 in connection with the delivery of the fairness opinion. In addition, Stephens will receive a fee
74
estimated to be approximately $400,000 for services rendered in connection with the merger upon the closing of the merger. Stephens will also be reimbursed for its out-of-pocket expenses,
including reasonable fees and disbursements of outside counsel. In addition, Plug Power has agreed to indemnify Stephens for liabilities related to or arising out of the engagement, including specified liabilities under the federal securities
laws.
As part of Stephens investment banking business, it regularly issues fairness opinions and is
continually engaged in the valuation of companies and their securities in connection with business reorganizations, private placements, negotiated underwritings, mergers and acquisitions and valuations for estate, corporate and other purposes.
Stephens also provides other investment banking services to Plug Power. In the ordinary course of business, Stephens and its affiliates at any time may hold long or short positions, and may trade or otherwise effect transactions as principal or for
the accounts of customers, in debt or equity securities or options on securities of Plug Power.
Structure of the Merger
Under the terms of the merger agreement, Monmouth Acquisition Corp. will be merged with and into H Power, and H Power will survive the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Plug Power.
Completion and Effectiveness of the Merger
Plug Power and H Power expect to complete the merger when all of the conditions to completion of the merger contained in the merger
agreement have been satisfied or waived. The merger will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at a subsequent date or time as specified in the certificate of merger.
Subject to receiving their respective stockholders approvals, H Power and Plug Power expect to file the certificate of merger shortly following the special meeting of H Power stockholders at which the merger agreement and the merger will be
considered and voted upon and the special meeting of Plug Power stockholders at which the issuance of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger will be considered and voted upon.
Plug Power and H Power are working toward satisfying these conditions and completing the merger as soon as practicable. Plug Power and H Power currently plan to complete
the merger in the first quarter of 2003, following the special meetings of H Power stockholders and Plug Power stockholders assuming the H Power stockholders approve the merger and the merger agreement, the Plug Power stockholders approve the
issuance of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger and the other merger conditions are satisfied. Because the merger is subject to specified conditions, some of which are beyond Plug Powers and H Powers control, the exact timing
cannot be predicted.
Conversion of H Power Common Stock in the Merger
The merger agreement provides that each outstanding share of H Power common stock will be converted into the right to receive a
fixed number of shares of common stock of Plug Power based on an exchange ratio calculated as follows:
exchange ratio = |
|
(the transaction value price ÷ average Plug Power common stock price) ÷ the total number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately
prior to the effective time of the merger. |
For purposes of the merger agreement, the average
Plug Power common stock price will be computed from the daily volume weighted average price of Plug Power common stock based on trading between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time as reported by Bloomberg Financial L.P. for 10 trading days selected
by lot out of the 20 trading days ending on and including the second trading day preceding the effective time of the merger.
75
Collar Adjustment
The exchange ratio is subject to change depending on two adjustment mechanisms. First, the exchange ratio is restricted by a 10% collar
from an assumed Plug Power common stock price of $5.88 per share, which provides that if the average Plug Power common stock price is:
|
|
|
between $6.47 and $5.29 (or equal to such prices), there is no change to the exchange ratio as derived from the formula above; |
|
|
|
greater than $6.47, then the exchange ratio shall equal the exchange ratio that would be determined if the average Plug Power common stock price was $6.47; and
|
|
|
|
less than $5.29, then the exchange ratio shall equal the exchange ratio that would be determined if the average Plug Power common stock price was $5.29.
|
Since many of the variables necessary to determine the exchange ratio will not be determined
until shortly prior to the effective time of the merger, the precise exchange ratio will not be known until immediately prior to the effective time of the merger. The closing sale price of Plug Power common stock on the trading day prior to
, 2002, the date of printing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, was $ per share. Also, as of that
date, there were shares of H Power common stock outstanding. Accordingly, substituting the closing sale price of Plug Power common stock on
, 2002 for the average Plug Power common stock price, and assuming the transaction value price is $50,675,000, there would result a hypothetical
exchange ratio of approximately . However, as discussed below, there is no assurance that the transaction value price will remain at $50,675,000.
To illustrate how the collar provisions could impact the exchange ratio, assume that the number of outstanding shares of H Power common
stock and the transaction value price are as set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph. Accordingly, the exchange ratio would adjust as follows:
Average Plug Power Common Stock Price
|
|
Exchange Ratio (number of shares of Plug Power common stock to be exchanged for each share of H Power common stock)
|
$4.50 |
|
0.889 |
$5.29 |
|
0.889 |
$5.88 |
|
0.800 |
$6.47 |
|
0.727 |
$7.00 |
|
0.727 |
Net Cash Adjustment
The second mechanism that will impact the calculation of the exchange ratio is the determination of the transaction value price. For
purposes of the merger agreement, the transaction value price is initially set at $50,675,000, and is adjusted as follows:
|
|
|
If net cash of H Power (as determined in accordance with the merger agreement as discussed below) is less than $36,675,000, the transaction value price is
adjusted to equal $50,675,000 minus the difference between $36,675,000 and the net cash; |
|
|
|
If net cash of H Power is equal to $36,675,000, the transaction value price remains $50,675,000; and |
|
|
|
If net cash of H Power is greater than $36,675,000, the transaction value price is adjusted to equal $50,675,000 plus the difference between net cash and
$36,675,000. |
For purposes of the merger agreement, net cash of H Power is defined as the total
amount, calculated as of the effective time of the merger, of:
|
¡ |
|
cash, cash equivalents and short term investments of H Power; |
76
|
¡ |
|
15% of the amount by which H Powers inventories exceed a value of $2,174,000 (up to a maximum addition of $30,000); |
|
¡ |
|
$500,000, but only in the event Plug Power has received written confirmation of a specified payment of $500,000 in accordance with the ECO termination agreement
(see Other Material Agreements Relating to the MergerECO Termination Agreement); and |
|
¡ |
|
the aggregate amounts, if any, of severance paid by H Power between November 11, 2002 through the effective time of the merger to specified employees (up to
certain maximum amounts per employee); |
|
¡ |
|
current liabilities, excluding any current liabilities addressed in any of the bullet points below; |
|
¡ |
|
amounts payable under the ECO termination agreement, other than specified payments aggregating $4,215,000; |
|
¡ |
|
the aggregate amounts of liabilities of H Power and its subsidiaries that were not liabilities both existing as of November 11, 2002 and identified in the
merger agreement, with certain specified exceptions for: |
|
n |
|
$180,000 in payment obligations under a specified consulting agreement; |
|
n |
|
specified severance obligations; and |
|
n |
|
specified lease obligations; |
|
¡ |
|
amounts payable pursuant to stay-bonus arrangements and specified management bonus arrangements, to the extent not accrued on the net cash statement (described
below); |
|
¡ |
|
amounts that H Powers accounts receivable (including unbilled receivables and tax credit receivable), net of allowance for doubtful accounts, are less
than $533,229 (up to a maximum amount of $293,000), excluding any accounts receivable with respect to Peugeot Citroen Automobiles S.A.; |
|
¡ |
|
$360,000, unless Plug Power receives correspondence from an authorized individual at Peugeot stating that an account receivable existing as of November 11, 2002
in the amount of approximately $360,000 is valid and not in dispute, and Peugeot fully intends to pay the entire amount of the receivable; |
|
¡ |
|
amounts that prepaid and other current assets are less than $1,191,359 (up to a maximum amount of $449,000); |
|
¡ |
|
$35,000 for each of up to four specific fuel cell units to the extent H Power has not fully terminated the applicable service, maintenance and warranty
obligations therefor; |
|
¡ |
|
15% of the amount by which the aggregate value of H Powers inventories is less than $2,174,000; |
|
¡ |
|
any amounts which may be paid by H Power or Plug Power for an extended reporting period endorsement to the H Power directors and officers liability insurance
coverage to the extent such amounts have not been paid by the effective time of the merger or resulted in an equivalent reduction in the total amount of cash and cash equivalents in the first bullet point above;
|
|
¡ |
|
amounts of liabilities as of November 11, 2002 that also exist as of the date the net cash statement is delivered to Plug Power which are attributable to
binding obligations or commitments of H Power and its subsidiaries to purchase materials, components (including sub-systems) and replacement parts; and |
|
¡ |
|
$180,284, unless Plug Power receives correspondence from an authorized individual at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) stating that H
Power and its subsidiaries have no payment obligations to NIST. |
77
For purposes of illustration, the following chart demonstrates the effect that
variations in net cash will have on the exchange ratio, assuming that the average Plug Power common stock price is $5.88 and the total number of shares of H Power common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger is
10,776,548:
Net Cash
|
|
Transaction Value Price
|
|
Exchange Ratio
|
$39,000,000 |
|
$ |
53,000,000 |
|
.836 |
$36,675,000 |
|
$ |
50,675,000 |
|
.800 |
$35,000,000 |
|
$ |
49,000,000 |
|
.773 |
To aid in the parties determination of net cash, the merger
agreement requires that, at least 10 business days prior to the date of the meeting of Plug Powers stockholders at which the transactions addressed in the merger agreement are to be voted upon, H Power is to deliver a net cash statement
prepared with consultation of its outside advisors, as necessary. The net cash statement:
|
|
|
is to be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applied consistently with H Powers past practices (other than for
certain items that are specifically contemplated to be non-GAAP); |
|
|
|
is to explain in reasonable detail the calculation of the anticipated net cash as of the effective time of the merger; and
|
|
|
|
is to include reasonable supporting documentation. |
If Plug Power disagrees with the net cash amount on the net cash statement, it may deliver to H Power a written objection notice within 2 business days of delivery of the
net cash statement specifying the basis for its disagreement (together with any authority or documentation supporting its position) and Plug Powers determination of net cash. If no objection notice is received within such time, the net cash
statement and net cash so reflected shall be final. If an objection notice is timely delivered to H Power, and the parties can reach agreement, they will mutually prepare a revised net cash statement reflecting such resolution, which shall be final.
Alternatively, if no resolution can be reached through mutual agreement within two business days after receipt of the objection notice by H Power, the parties will submit the disagreement to an independent public accounting firm mutually agreeable
to both Plug Power and H Power. The parties will provide such accounting firm reasonable access to obtain necessary information in considering the respective positions of Plug Power and H Power, and the accounting firm will be permitted to review
all relevant records. The agreed-upon independent public accounting firm will be directed to render its determinations on the disagreement within 4 business days after submission, and its determination of the net cash statement (inclusive of the
amount of net cash) shall be final.
Collar Adjustment and Net Cash Adjustment
As it is anticipated that the adjustments to the exchange ratio due to the determination of net cash will vary independently
from the adjustments due to the collar provisions described above, the following chart is intended to illustrate the impact on the exchange ratio of simultaneous changes to these variables (assuming 10,776,548 shares of H Power common stock
outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger):
|
|
Average Plug Power Common Stock Price
|
Net Cash
|
|
$4.50
|
|
$5.29
|
|
$5.88
|
|
$6.47
|
|
$7.00
|
$39,000,000 |
|
.930 |
|
.930 |
|
.836 |
|
.760 |
|
.760 |
$36,675,000 |
|
.889 |
|
.889 |
|
.800 |
|
.727 |
|
.727 |
$35,000,000 |
|
.860 |
|
.860 |
|
.773 |
|
.703 |
|
.703 |
In addition to the adjustments described above, additional
adjustments to the exchange ratio may be required if, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, H Power decides to deliver a termination notice, and Plug Power elects to issue additional shares of Plug Power common stock increase the total
consideration value to the minimum $29,675,000. For a more detailed description of these provisions of the merger agreement, see The Merger AgreementPayment of Termination Fees and Expenses on page 91.
78
The net cash amounts and the average Plug Power common stock prices in the
foregoing charts are for illustrative purposes and are not estimates of the actual net cash amount or average Plug Power common stock price, either of which could be materially higher or lower than those amounts and prices set forth above, and which
may result in materially different ratios than those illustrated.
Possible Adjustments to
the Merger Consideration For Extraordinary Stock Events
The exchange ratio will be adjusted either
upwards or downwards if either Plug Power or H Power splits or combines its common stock, pays a dividend in its common stock or effects a similar event affecting its common stock before the completion of the merger. In these circumstances, the
number of shares of Plug Power common stock issued in the merger will be adjusted either upwards or downwards to appropriately reflect that split, combination, dividend or similar event. For example, if Plug Power were to conduct a 2-for-1 stock
split prior to closing, H Power stockholders would receive twice as many shares in the merger.
Fractional Shares
No fractional shares of Plug Power common stock
will be issued in connection with the merger. In lieu of a fraction of a share of Plug Power common stock each holder of H Power common stock who would otherwise be entitled to receive a fraction of a share of Plug Power common stock will receive an
amount of cash, without interest, and rounded to the nearest cent, determined by multiplying that fraction by the average Plug Power common stock price.
Rights of Holders of H Power Common Stock at the Effective Time of the Merger
At the effective time of the merger, holders of H Power common stock will cease to be, and will have no rights as, H Power stockholders, other than:
|
|
|
the right to receive any dividend or other distribution, if any, with respect to H Power common stock with a record date occurring prior to the effective time
of the merger, and |
|
|
|
the right to receive the merger consideration. |
After the merger occurs, there will be no transfers on H Powers stock transfer books of any shares of its common stock.
Exchange of H Power Stock Certificates for Plug Power Stock Certificates and Cash
Promptly after the effective time of the merger, if you are the holder of an H Power stock certificate, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the exchange agent for
the merger, will mail to you a letter of transmittal and instructions for surrendering your H Power stock certificates in exchange for Plug Power stock certificates, cash and dividends or other distributions, if any, to which you are or may be
entitled. When you deliver your H Power stock certificates to the exchange agent for the merger, along with a properly completed and executed letter of transmittal and any other required documents, you will receive Plug Power stock certificates
representing the number of full shares of Plug Power common stock and cash in lieu of fractional shares, to which you are entitled under the merger agreement. You should not submit your H Power stock certificates for exchange until you receive
instructions from the exchange agent for the merger.
You are not entitled to receive any dividends or other
distributions on Plug Power common stock until you have surrendered your H Power stock certificates in exchange for Plug Power stock certificates and the cash in lieu of fractional shares. Promptly after your Plug Power stock certificates are
issued, you will receive payment for any dividend or other distribution on Plug Power common stock with a record date after the merger and a payment date prior to the date you surrender your H Power stock certificates.
Plug Power will only issue a Plug Power stock certificate in a name other than the exact name in which a surrendered H Power stock
certificate is registered if you present the exchange agent with all documents required
79
to demonstrate and effect the unrecorded transfer of ownership of the shares of H Power common stock formerly represented by the H Power stock certificate, and demonstrate that you paid any
applicable stock transfer taxes.
If your stock certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, you may be
required to deliver an affidavit and a lost certificate bond as a condition to receiving your Plug Power stock certificate and cash in lieu of fractional shares.
Treatment of H Power Stock Options
At the effective
time of the merger, each option to purchase shares of H Power common stock granted under H Powers stock option plans and specified stock option awards which are outstanding and unexercised, whether or not vested and exercisable, will cease to
represent a right to acquire shares of H Power common stock and be converted automatically into an option to purchase shares of Plug Power common stock, and Plug Power will assume each H Power stock option, in accordance with the terms of the H
Power stock option plan and the applicable stock option agreement, including, without limitation, all terms pertaining to the acceleration of vesting, except that from and after the effective time of the merger:
|
|
|
Plug Power and its board of directors shall be substituted for H Power and the H Power board of directors or duly authorized board committee administering the H
Power stock option plans; |
|
|
|
each H Power stock option assumed by Plug Power will be exercisable solely for shares of Plug Power common stock; |
|
|
|
the number of shares of Plug Power common stock subject to such H Power stock option will be equal to the number of shares of H Power common stock subject to
such H Power stock option immediately prior to the effective time of the merger multiplied by the exchange ratio, rounded down to the nearest share; |
|
|
|
the per share exercise price under each H Power stock option will be adjusted by dividing the per share exercise price under each such H Power stock option by
the exchange ratio, rounded up to the nearest cent. |
Pursuant to the merger agreement, Plug
Power has agreed to register under the Securities Act of 1933, or ensure that there is an applicable registration statement covering, the shares of Plug Power common stock issuable upon exercise of the stock options assumed pursuant to the merger
agreement, to the extent such shares are eligible for registration on Form S-8, as soon as practicable after the consummation of the merger.
H Powers Representations and Warranties
H Power has made a number of customary representations and warranties, subject to customary qualifications, to Plug Power in the merger agreement regarding aspects of its business, financial condition, structure and other facts
pertinent to the merger. These representations and warranties include representations as to:
|
|
|
the corporate organization, existence, good standing and qualification to do business of H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
compliance with applicable laws by H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
permits required to conduct H Powers and its subsidiaries business and compliance with those permits; |
|
|
|
the certificates of incorporation and bylaws of H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
authorization of the merger agreement by H Power; |
|
|
|
H Powers capitalization; |
|
|
|
H Powers subsidiaries; |
80
|
|
|
consents and approvals required to complete the merger; |
|
|
|
H Powers filings and reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; |
|
|
|
H Powers consolidated financial statements; |
|
|
|
H Powers cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments; |
|
|
|
litigation involving H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
changes in H Powers and its subsidiaries business since May 31, 2002 and actions taken by H Power since May 31, 2002;
|
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries liabilities; |
|
|
|
H Powers product and service warranty obligations; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries taxes; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries properties; |
|
|
|
intellectual property matters pertaining to H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
environmental matters pertaining to H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its affiliates employee benefit plans; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries labor relations and employment matters; |
|
|
|
payments required to be made by H Power and its subsidiaries to brokers and agents in connection with the merger; |
|
|
|
the fairness opinion received by H Power from Lehman Brothers; |
|
|
|
the vote of H Power stockholders required to approve the merger; |
|
|
|
the inapplicability of anti-takeover laws to the merger; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries material contracts; |
|
|
|
the nature of the accounts receivables of H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries accounting policies and management letters; |
|
|
|
the nature of specified relationships with customers, distributors and suppliers of H Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
product liability matters; |
|
|
|
the absence of specified business practices and of illegal transactions in securities by H Powers directors and executive officers;
|
|
|
|
compliance with H Powers cash investment policy; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries insurance coverage; |
|
|
|
H Powers and its subsidiaries ability to satisfy certain standards to increase the likelihood that the merger will be treated as a
reorganization for federal income tax purposes; |
|
|
|
the fact that neither H Power nor its affiliates owns any Plug Power common stock; |
|
|
|
the absence of contracts with affiliates; |
|
|
|
the accuracy of the information supplied by H Power in this joint proxy statement/prospectus; and |
|
|
|
the approvals of the merger, the merger agreement and the contemplated transactions by H Powers board of directors. |
81
Plug Powers Representations and Warranties
Plug Power and Monmouth Acquisition Corp. have made a number of customary representations and warranties,
subject to customary qualifications, to H Power in the merger agreement regarding aspects of Plug Powers business, financial condition, structure and other facts pertinent to the merger. These representations and warranties include
representations as to:
|
|
|
the corporate organization, existence, good standing and qualification to do business of Plug Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
compliance with applicable laws by Plug Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
permits required to conduct Plug Powers and its subsidiaries business and compliance with those permits; |
|
|
|
the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Plug Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
authorization of the merger agreement by Plug Power and Monmouth Acquisition Corp.; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers and Monmouth Acquisition Corp.s capitalization; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
consents and approvals required to complete the merger; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers filings and reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers consolidated financial statements; |
|
|
|
litigation involving Plug Power; |
|
|
|
changes in Plug Powers and its subsidiaries business since December 31, 2001; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers and its subsidiaries liabilities; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers and its subsidiaries taxes; |
|
|
|
intellectual property matters pertaining to Plug Power and its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
environmental matters pertaining to Plug Power; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers and its subsidiaries material contracts; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers labor relations; |
|
|
|
payments required to be made by Plug Power and its subsidiaries to brokers and agents in connection with the merger; |
|
|
|
the fact that neither Plug Power nor its affiliates owns any H Power common stock; |
|
|
|
approvals of the merger agreement and the contemplated transactions by Plug Powers board of directors; |
|
|
|
the fairness opinion received by Plug Power from Stephens; and |
|
|
|
the accuracy of the information supplied by Plug Power in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. |
None of the representations and warranties made by either party survive the effective time of the merger. The representations and
warranties contained in the merger agreement are complicated and not easily summarized. You are urged to carefully read Articles 5 and 6 of the merger agreement entitled Representations and Warranties of the Company and
Representations and Warranties of Parent and MergerCo, respectively.
H Powers
Conduct of Business Before Completion of the Merger
Under the terms of the merger agreement, H
Power agreed that, unless Plug Power otherwise consents in writing (which consent, to the extent it pertains to any action, activity, event or occurrence that is consistent with
82
long-term cash preservation, taking into account Plug Powers expectations of realizable cash following the integration of Plug Power and H Power, is not to be unreasonably withheld), until
the earlier of the completion of the merger or termination of the merger agreement, H Power and its subsidiaries will, among other things, carry on their respective businesses in the usual, regular and ordinary course, in compliance with their past
practices.
H Power has also agreed that, unless Plug Power otherwise consents in writing (which consent, to the
extent it pertains to any action, activity, event or occurrence that is consistent with long-term cash preservation, taking into account Plug Powers expectations of realizable cash following the integration of Plug Power and H Power, is not to
be unreasonably withheld), and except as provided below, until the earlier of the completion of the merger or termination of the merger agreement, H Power will comply with specified restrictions relating to the operation of its business, including
restrictions relating to the following:
|
|
|
splitting, combining, reclassifying, repurchasing, redeeming or otherwise acquiring any shares of its capital stock or other securities, except for dividends
paid by a subsidiary to H Power or another of its subsidiaries; |
|
|
|
issuing or selling any of its stock or any other securities or equity equivalents, other than outstanding options; |
|
|
|
making any equipment purchases or capital expenditures in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate; |
|
|
|
acquiring, selling, leasing, licensing, encumbering, transferring or disposing of any of its assets; |
|
|
|
entering into, modifying or amending any agreement related to the licensing of its intellectual property assets; |
|
|
|
incurring any indebtedness or making any loan or advance; |
|
|
|
paying, discharging or satisfying any claim, liability or obligation, outside the ordinary course, or in excess of $5,000 in the aggregate;
|
|
|
|
changing its accounting policies; |
|
|
|
making any tax elections or settling any material tax liability in excess of $10,000; |
|
|
|
except with respect to stay bonus agreements approved by Plug Power, adopting or amending any employee benefit plan or any agreement between H Power or its
subsidiaries and their directors, officers or employees; |
|
|
|
increasing the compensation of any director, officer or employee; |
|
|
|
amending its organizational documents; |
|
|
|
authorizing a liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization; |
|
|
|
settling any pending or threatened litigation for an amount in excess of $15,000 in the aggregate; |
|
|
|
amending the term of any outstanding security; |
|
|
|
entering into, modifying, amending any existing or entering into any new material contract or otherwise subjecting H Power or its subsidiaries to any material
commitment, obligation or liability, or entering into any contract or agreement requiring H Power or any of its subsidiaries to pay in excess of $10,000; |
|
|
|
licensing, assigning or otherwise transferring any rights to its intellectual property assets; |
|
|
|
permitting any of its or its subsidiaries insurance policies to be canceled; |
|
|
|
entering into any agreement with any customer or distributor related to the offering of discounts, extended warranties, service contracts, bundling of any
products, rights of return or any other agreements or arrangements outside the ordinary course of business; |
83
|
|
|
amending or restating any of its Securities and Exchange Commission reports, except to the extent advised by H Powers legal or accounting advisors that
such action is required; |
|
|
|
taking any action which would make any of its representations and warranties untrue or incorrect; and |
|
|
|
agreeing to take any of the actions described above. |
The agreements relating to the conduct of H Powers business in the merger agreement are complicated and not easily summarized. You are urged to carefully read Article 7 of the merger agreement
attached hereto as Annex A.
Solicitations by H Power; Withdrawal of Recommendation by H Power Board
of Directors
Except as expressly permitted in connection with a superior proposal, until the
merger is completed or the merger agreement is terminated, H Power has agreed not to, and not to authorize or permit any of its subsidiaries or any officer, director or employee or professional representative of H Power or its subsidiaries to:
|
|
|
solicit, initiate or encourage, including by way of furnishing non-public information, or take any other action to facilitate any inquiries or the making of any
proposal that constitutes an acquisition proposal; |
|
|
|
participate in any discussion with, or otherwise communicate in any way with, any person relating to any acquisition proposal; or
|
|
|
|
enter into any agreement regarding an acquisition proposal. |
H Power has further agreed to cease and cause to be terminated any existing activities, negotiations or discussions with any persons related to such activities.
Any violation of any of the restrictions described in the preceding paragraphs by any officer or director or
employee of H Power or any of its subsidiaries, or any professional representative of H Power or any of its subsidiaries, is deemed to be a breach of the relevant restriction by H Power. No violation of these restrictions, however, will be deemed a
breach of the relevant restriction by H Power if an employee of H Power who is not an officer or a member of H Powers management, without authority, permission or direction from, or prior notice to, H Power or any of its officers or
directors, takes an action that violates the restrictions contained in either of the first two bullet points above, and such actions does not lead directly or indirectly, to the making of an acquisition proposal, which is, publicly announced or
otherwise communicated to the board of directors H Power (or such action does not lead to any person to have publicly announced, communicated or made known an intention, whether or not conditional, to make an acquisition proposal).
Under the terms of the merger agreement, H Power has agreed to promptly advise Plug Power of any acquisition proposal or any
request or inquiry received by H Power with respect to or that could reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal, including the terms and conditions of such request, acquisition proposal or inquiry, and the identity of the person
making any such request, acquisition proposal or inquiry and to provide to Plug Power any written materials received in connection with the request, acquisition proposal or inquiry. H Power has further agreed to keep Plug Power fully informed of the
status of such discussions including by promptly providing Plug Power with all related written materials.
Furthermore, except as discussed below in connection with a superior proposal, H Powers board of directors is not permitted to:
|
|
|
adversely withdraw or modify, or propose to withdraw or modify, its approval or recommendation of the merger or the merger agreement;
|
|
|
|
approve or recommend, or propose to approve or recommend, any other acquisition proposal; |
|
|
|
approve or recommend, or propose to approve or recommend, or execute or enter into a letter of intent or agreement relating to an acquisition proposal; or
|
84
|
|
|
resolve to do any of the foregoing. |
For these purposes, an acquisition proposal is a proposed or actual:
|
|
|
tender offer, merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving H Power; or |
|
|
|
sale, lease or other disposition, directly or indirectly, by merger, consolidation, share exchange or otherwise, of any material assets or securities of H
Power. |
H Power is expressly permitted, however, to furnish non-public information regarding H
Power and its subsidiaries to, and to enter into a confidentiality agreement with or participate in discussions or negotiations with, any person in response to an unsolicited superior proposal, if all of the following conditions are met:
|
|
|
the stockholders of H Power have not yet approved the merger agreement and the merger; |
|
|
|
the non-solicitation provisions described in this section have not been breached by H Power or its representatives; and |
|
|
|
the H Power board of directors determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that failing to take such action would constitute a
breach of its fiduciary duties under applicable law. |
Under the terms of the merger agreement,
a superior proposal is an unsolicited, bona fide written offer made by a third party to consummate an acquisition proposal, which acquisition proposal is likely to be consummated, and that:
|
|
|
the H Power board of directors determines in good faith, after consulting with its outside legal counsel and its financial advisor, would, if consummated,
result in a transaction that is more favorable to the stockholders of H Power than the merger; and |
|
|
|
is for all of H Powers common stock. |
Under the terms of the merger agreement, the H Power board of directors is permitted to adversely withdraw or modify its recommendation in favor of the merger only if:
|
|
|
a superior proposal is made and not withdrawn; |
|
|
|
neither H Power nor any of its representatives has breached the non-solicitation provisions of the merger agreement described above; and
|
|
|
|
the board of directors of H Power concludes in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel that, in light of the superior proposal, the
withdrawal or modification of its recommendation is required in order for the H Power board of directors to comply with its fiduciary duties to H Powers stockholders under applicable law. |
H Power must give Plug Power at least 48 hours notice of the H Power board of directors intention to take such action, and provide
Plug Power with the opportunity to meet with H Power and its legal counsel and financial advisor.
Regardless of
whether there has been a superior proposal, and regardless of whether the H Power board of directors withdraws or modifies its recommendation in favor of the merger, H Power is obligated, under the terms of the merger agreement, to hold and convene
the special meeting of H Power stockholders at which the merger agreement and the merger will be considered and voted upon and the directors, officers and other stockholders of H Power who signed voting agreements are obligated (in their capacities
as stockholders) to vote in favor of the approval and adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger at the special meeting.
Under certain circumstances, including in the event that H Power accepts a superior proposal and terminates the merger agreement, it will be obligated to pay Plug Power a termination fee of $2,000,000. For a description of H
Powers right to terminate the merger agreement in these circumstances and this termination fee, see the
85
sections of this joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled Termination of the Merger Agreement, Payment of Termination Fee and Expenses and Article 9 of the
merger agreement.
H Power is not prohibited from taking and disclosing to its stockholders a position in
conjunction with Sections 14d-9 or 14e-2 of the Exchange Act related to a tender or exchange offer.
Other
Material Covenants
Nasdaq Listing
In the merger agreement, Plug Power has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to cause the shares of its common stock which are to be issued in the merger to be
approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market. It is a condition to the completion of the merger that these shares are in fact so approved for listing.
Officers and Directors Indemnification
After the merger is
completed, Plug Power will preserve all rights to indemnification existing as of November 11, 2002, the date of the merger agreement, in favor of any director, officer, employee or agent of H Power and its subsidiaries for a period of at least 6
years following the merger. Prior to the completion of the merger, H Power will purchase an extended reporting period endorsement, with a premium of no more than $750,000, to provide currently covered directors and officers with liability insurance
coverage consistent with existing coverage for such individuals for 6 years following the merger for actions and omissions in such capacities prior to the completion of the merger. In the event that, after using all reasonable best efforts, H Power
determines that $750,000 is insufficient to obtain the above referenced coverage for a 3-year period, then H Power shall be permitted to spend in excess of $750,000 to obtain such coverage for a 3-year period for the lowest obtainable premium costs.
Access to Information; Confidentiality
Each of H Power and Plug Power has agreed to, and to cause each of its subsidiaries and each of its and its subsidiaries officers, employees, representations and
agents to, afford to the other party and the other partys officers, employees, representations and agents, complete access at all reasonable times to such officers, employees, agents, properties, books, records and contracts, and shall furnish
to the other party such other financial, operating and other data and information as the other party may reasonably request. Prior to the effective time, H Power has agreed to hold in confidence all such information.
Notification of Specified Event
Each of Plug Power and H Power has agreed that it will promptly advise the other party of:
|
|
|
any change or event which it believes could reasonably be expected to cause any of its representations or warranties contained in the merger agreement to be
untrue in any material respect; and |
|
|
|
any material failure of such party to comply with any covenant under the merger agreement. |
Publicity
Plug Power and H Power have agreed to consult with each other before issuing any press release or otherwise making any public statements with respect to the merger or any acquisition proposal and to not issue any press release or
make any public statement generally without the prior consent of the other party, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.
Delisting
Each of H Power and Plug Power has agreed to cooperate with each other
in taking, or causing to be taken, all actions necessary to delist H Powers common stock from the Nasdaq National Market after the completion of the merger.
86
Additional Agreements and Regulatory Filings
Each of Plug Power and H Power has agreed to use their best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be
done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective as promptly as practicable the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and to cooperate with each other in doing such things, including:
|
|
|
taking all actions necessary to obtain any necessary consents, approvals, orders, exemptions and authorizations by or from any public or private third party,
including any that are required to be obtained under any federal, state or local law or regulation or any contract, agreement or instrument to which H Power or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which any of their properties or assets are
bound; |
|
|
|
to defend all lawsuits or other legal proceedings challenging the merger agreement or the consummation of the merger; |
|
|
|
to cause to be lifted or rescinded any injunction or restraining order or other order adversely affecting the ability of the parties to consummate the
transactions contemplated in the merger agreement; and |
|
|
|
to effect all necessary registrations and filings and submissions of information requested by governmental authorities. |
For these purposes the obligations to use best efforts to obtain waivers, consents and approvals to loan documents,
leases and other contracts do not include any obligation to agree to an adverse modification of the terms of those agreements or to prepay or incur additional obligations to any other parties, nor are the parties required to include any obligation
to divest themselves of any of their respective assets.
Employee Benefit Arrangements
H Power has agreed, unless otherwise directed in writing by Plug Power at least 5 days prior to the effective time of the
merger, to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary or appropriate to terminate, effective immediately prior to the consummation of the merger, any employee program sponsored by H Power of any of its subsidiaries (or in which H Power or any
of its subsidiaries participate) that contains a cash or deferred arrangement intended to qualify under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Appointment of Director
Plug Power has agreed to take all
action necessary to appoint or elect, effective as of the effective time of the merger, 1 non-employee director of H Power as of November 11, 2002 who is reasonably acceptable to Plug Power as a director of Plug Power.
WARN Act Notices
H Power has agreed, in no event later than November 26, 2002, to:
|
|
|
deliver notice of plant closing compliant with the Worker Adjustment Retraining Act of 1986 (WARN Act) and expressly approved in writing by Plug
Power to each employee and any other individual entitled to specific notice of H Powers implementation of a plant closing; and |
|
|
|
deliver appropriate and effective notices of the closing of H Powers Canadian facility, compliant with any and all Canadian or Quebec provincial laws
similar to the WARN Act and expressly approved in writing by Plug Power to the Quebec Ministry of Labor, to each affected employee, and to any other entity with respect to which such notice is required or recommended under applicable law.
|
Canadian Investment Tax Credit
H Power has agreed to file certain tax forms pertaining to Canadian investment tax credits prior to November 30, 2002.
87
Restrictions on Additional Liabilities, Purchases, Asset Acquisitions and
Dispositions
H Power has agreed, during the period between the date of delivery of the net cash statement and
the effective time of the merger, to use its best efforts to conduct its business and to preserve its assets in a manner as to insure that the amount of net cash at the effective time of the merger is equal to or greater than net cash as provided
for on the net cash statement. In furtherance, between the date of delivery of the net cash statement and the effective time of the merger, H Power and its subsidiaries have agreed not to:
|
|
|
incur or become subject to any liabilities, as described in the merger agreement, |
|
|
|
authorize, commit to or make any equipment purchases or capital expenditures, or |
|
|
|
acquire, sell, lease, license, encumber, transfer or dispose of any assets, |
other than, in each of the cases described in the three bullet points above, as explicitly included and accounted for in the net cash statement.
Chief Restructuring Officer
H Power has agreed to engage by December 2, 2002 a chief restructuring officer who:
|
|
|
will report directly to H Powers board of directors; |
|
|
|
will be authorized up through the date of the effectiveness of the merger to take any and all actions as directed by the H Power board of directors, to
implement cost saving measures and take other actions consistent with the objective of maximizing long-term cash preservation, taking into account Plug Powers expectations of realizable cash following the integration of Plug Power and H Power;
and |
|
|
|
is acceptable to Plug Power. |
Conditions to Completion of the Merger
The obligations of Plug Power and H
Power to complete the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following conditions:
|
|
|
the merger agreement must have been adopted and approved, and the merger must have been approved, by the requisite vote of the stockholders of H Power and the
issuance of shares of Plug Power common stock in the merger pursuant to the merger agreement must have been approved by the requisite vote of the stockholders of Plug Power; |
|
|
|
no statute, order, decree, ruling or injunction may have been enacted or issued which makes the merger illegal or prohibits completion of the merger and all
waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 shall have expired or terminated; |
|
|
|
Plug Powers registration statement on Form S-4 of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part must have been declared effective by the
Securities and Exchange Commission, no stop order suspending its effectiveness may be in effect and no proceedings for suspension of its effectiveness may be pending before or threatened by the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
|
|
|
|
the shares of Plug Power common stock to be issued in the merger must have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice
of issuance. |
88
H Powers obligations to complete the merger and the other transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following additional conditions:
|
|
|
each of Plug Powers and Monmouth Acquisition Corp.s representations and warranties must have been true and correct as of November 11, 2002, and must
continue to be true and correct on and as of the date the merger is to be completed as if made on such date, except: |
|
(1) |
|
to the extent Plug Powers and Monmouth Acquisition Corp.s representations and warranties address matters only as of a particular date, they must be
true and correct only as of that date; or |
|
(2) |
|
to the extent that any inaccuracies of such representations and warranties do not individually, or in the aggregate, have and could not reasonably be expected
to have a material adverse effect on Plug Power and its subsidiaries, as further described below; |
|
|
|
Plug Power must have performed, or complied in all material respects with, all of the obligations required by the merger agreement to be performed or complied
with by it; |
|
|
|
no event that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Plug Power may have occurred (excluding changes to the Plug Power common stock
trading price), as further described below; and |
|
|
|
Plug Power and Monmouth Acquisition Corp. must have obtained all consents and approvals required to be obtained in connection with the merger agreement.
|
Plug Powers obligations to complete the merger and the other transactions contemplated
by the merger agreement are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following additional conditions:
|
|
|
each of H Powers representations and warranties must have been true and correct as of November 11, 2002, and must continue to be true and correct on and
as of the date the merger is to be completed as if made on such date, except: |
|
(1) |
|
to the extent H Powers representations and warranties address matters only as of a particular date, they must be true and correct only as of that date; or
|
|
(2) |
|
to the extent that any inaccuracies of such representations and warranties do not individually, or in the aggregate, have or could not reasonably be expected to
have a material adverse effect on H Power and its subsidiaries, as further described below; |
|
|
|
H Power must have performed, or complied in all material respects with, all of the obligations required by the merger agreement to be performed or complied with
by it; |
|
|
|
no event that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on H Power may have occurred (excluding changes to the H Power common stock trading
price), as further described below; |
|
|
|
H Power must have obtained all consents and approvals required by specific contracts identified in the merger agreement; |
|
|
|
each of the affiliate letters contemplated by the merger agreement, as described below, must have been delivered; |
|
|
|
H Power must have taken all action necessary to cause its stock options to be treated as provided for in the merger agreement; |
|
|
|
H Power and its subsidiaries must not have incurred any liabilities other than those included and accounted for in the net cash statement, and, between the date
of delivery of the net cash statement and the effective time of the merger, H Power must not have authorized, committed to or made any equipment purchases or capital expenditures or acquired, sold, leased, licensed, encumbered, transferred or
disposed of any assets, except as including and accounted for in the net cash statement; |
89
|
|
|
at the effective time of the merger, H Power shall have net cash, as such term is defined in the merger agreement, of at least $27,500,000; and
|
|
|
|
at the effective time of the merger the ECO termination agreement (as described below in the section entitled Other Material Agreements Relating to
the MergerECO Termination Agreement on page 95) will be in full force and effect and no party to that agreement will be in default. |
Termination of the Merger Agreement
The merger agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms at any time prior to completion of the merger, whether before or after the adoption and approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger by H Powers
stockholders:
|
|
|
by mutual written consent duly authorized by the boards of directors of Plug Power and H Power; |
|
|
|
by Plug Power or H Power, if |
|
(1) |
|
H Powers stockholders fail to adopt and approve the merger agreement and approve the merger at the H Power special meeting or at any adjournment of that
meeting, except that the right to terminate the merger agreement under this provision is not available to H Power where the failure to obtain stockholder approval was caused by H Powers action or failure to act which constitutes a breach by H
Power of the merger agreement; or |
|
(2) |
|
Plug Powers stockholders fail to approve the issuance of Plug Power common stock pursuant to the merger agreement at the Plug Power special meeting or at
any adjournment of that meeting, except that the right to terminate the merger agreement under this provision is not available to Plug Power where the failure to obtain stockholder approval was caused by Plug Powers action or failure to act
which constitutes a breach by Plug Power of the merger agreement. |
|
|
|
by Plug Power or H Power, if any governmental authority has issued a final and nonappealable injunction, which prohibits the completion of merger;
|
|
|
|
by Plug Power or H Power, if the merger is not completed before March 31, 2003, except that either partys right to terminate the merger agreement under
this provision will not be available to any party who is in material breach of the merger agreement or because of an injunction, or if such partys action or failure to act has been a principal cause of, or resulted in, the failure of the
merger to occur on or before such date of termination and such action or failure to act constitutes a breach of the merger agreement; |
|
|
|
by H Power, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Plug Power or Monmouth Acquisition Corp. set forth in the merger
agreement, if the breach cannot be or has not been cured within 30 business days after delivery of written notice to Plug Power of the breach. If the breach is cured during those 30 business days, or if the breach is not reasonably likely to have a
material adverse effect on Plug Power, as further described below, H Power may not terminate the merger agreement under this provision; |
|
|
|
by Plug Power, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of H Power set forth in the merger agreement, if the breach
cannot be or has not been cured within 30 business days after delivery of written notice to H Power of the breach. If the breach is cured during those 30 business days, or if the breach is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on H
Power, as further described below, Plug Power may not terminate the merger agreement under this provision; |
|
|
|
by Plug Power, if H Power has breached the provisions of the merger agreement that prohibit the solicitation of, and discussions and negotiations with respect
to, acquisition proposals; |
|
|
|
by Plug Power, if certain of the persons who signed voting agreements have breached particular material representations, warranties, covenants or other
agreements contained in the voting agreements; and |
90
|
(1) |
|
H Powers board of directors withdraws or modifies in a manner adverse to Plug Power or Monmouth Acquisition Corp. its recommendation in favor of the
adoption and approval of the merger agreement or the approval of the merger; |
|
(2) |
|
H Powers board of directors approves or recommends any other acquisition proposal; |
|
(3) |
|
H Powers board of directors approves, recommends, executes or enters into any agreement relating to any other acquisition proposal; or
|
|
(4) |
|
a tender or exchange offer relating to the securities of H Power is commenced by a person unaffiliated with Plug Power, and H Power does not send to its
securityholders within 30 business days after such tender or exchange offer is first published, sent or given, a statement disclosing that H Power recommends rejection of such tender or exchange offer. |
If the merger agreement is terminated because of any of the reasons listed above:
|
|
|
it will become null and void and, except in the limited circumstances described below, have no effect, without any liability by any party to the merger
agreement or its affiliates, directors, officers or stockholders; and |
|
|
|
all rights and obligations of any party under the merger agreement other than specified agreements will cease. |
However, regardless of the reason for termination of the merger agreement, none of the parties will be relieved from liability for fraud
or willful breach of the merger agreement. Additionally, in limited circumstances, as described below, H Power may be obligated to pay Plug Power a termination fee or to reimburse Plug Powers out-of-pocket expenses and, in other limited
circumstances, Plug Power may be obligated to reimburse H Powers out-of-pocket expenses.
Payment of
Termination Fee and Expenses
The merger agreement requires H Power to pay Plug Power a termination fee of
$2,000,000 in cash if:
|
|
|
Plug Power terminates the merger agreement because H Power has breached the provisions of the merger agreement that prohibit the solicitation of, and
discussions and negotiations with respect to, acquisition proposals; or |
|
|
|
Plug Power terminates the merger agreement because H Powers board of directors: |
|
(1) |
|
withdraws or modifies in a manner adverse to Plug Power or Monmouth Acquisition Corp., its recommendation in favor of the adoption and approval of the merger
agreement or the approval of the merger; or |
|
(2) |
|
approves or recommends any other acquisition proposal; or |
|
(3) |
|
approves, recommends, executes or enters into any agreement relating to any other acquisition proposal; or |
|
|
|
Plug Power terminates the merger agreement because a tender or exchange offer relating to the securities of H Power is commenced by a person unaffiliated with
Plug Power, and H Power does not send to its securityholders within 10 business days after such tender or exchange offer is first published, sent or given, a statement disclosing that H Power recommends rejection of such tender or exchange offer;
|
|
|
|
either H Power or Plug Power terminates the merger agreement as a result of the events described in the second bullet point under the section above entitled
Termination of the Merger Agreement due to failure to obtain the required vote of the stockholders of H Power; or |
91